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JP5735484B2 - Thermocouple assembly and cold junction compensation using the same - Google Patents

Thermocouple assembly and cold junction compensation using the same Download PDF

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JP5735484B2
JP5735484B2 JP2012503422A JP2012503422A JP5735484B2 JP 5735484 B2 JP5735484 B2 JP 5735484B2 JP 2012503422 A JP2012503422 A JP 2012503422A JP 2012503422 A JP2012503422 A JP 2012503422A JP 5735484 B2 JP5735484 B2 JP 5735484B2
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ロバート， ジェイ． カジンスキー，
ロバート， ジェイ． カジンスキー，
チャールズ， イー． ゴーツィンガー，
チャールズ， イー． ゴーツィンガー，
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ローズマウント インコーポレイテッド
ローズマウント インコーポレイテッド
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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Description

本発明は熱電対に関し、とりわけ熱電対の接続に関する。The present invention relates to thermocouples, and more particularly to thermocouple connections.

熱電対は広く使われている温度センサである。基本的に、熱電対はプラス側およびマイナス側の導線を備え、これらは異なる金属からできており、一方の端部で接合されている。この接合された端部は、一般にプロセスエンド（process end）、プロセス接点（process junction）、高温端部（hot end）、温接点（hot junction）、あるいは主接点（main junction）と呼ばれている。もう一方の端部は、一般に冷端部（cold end）、あるいは冷接点（cold junction）と呼ばれている。通常、温接点は温度が未知の環境に暴露され、冷接点は温度が既知の環境に暴露される。この状態で冷接点間での電圧が測定される。Thermocouples are widely used temperature sensors. Basically, a thermocouple comprises positive and negative conductors, which are made of different metals and are joined at one end. This joined end is commonly referred to as a process end, process junction, hot end, hot junction, or main junction. . The other end is generally called a cold end or cold junction. Usually, the hot junction is exposed to an environment of unknown temperature, and the cold junction is exposed to an environment of known temperature. In this state, the voltage between the cold junctions is measured.

上記のようにして電圧を計測すると、温度が未知の環境と温度が既知の環境間の温度差が分かる。これは、どのような金属であっても、熱勾配のある条件に曝されると起電力が生まれることを利用している。すなわち、各金属は、熱勾配の大きさに応じて、固有の電位差を生み出す。一方、金属が異なれば、同一の熱勾配に曝された場合でも、起電力は異なる。したがって、熱電対を構成する２種の金属は、温接点と冷接点間でそれぞれ異なる電位差を生み出すため、両冷接点間で観測される電位差は、温度が未知の環境と既知の環境間の温度差に対応することとなる。   When the voltage is measured as described above, a temperature difference between an environment whose temperature is unknown and an environment whose temperature is known is known. This makes use of the fact that any metal can generate an electromotive force when exposed to conditions with a thermal gradient. That is, each metal creates a unique potential difference depending on the magnitude of the thermal gradient. On the other hand, different metals have different electromotive forces even when exposed to the same thermal gradient. Therefore, the two types of metals that make up the thermocouple produce different potential differences between the hot junction and the cold junction, so the potential difference observed between the cold junction is the temperature between the unknown environment and the known environment. It will correspond to the difference.

熱電対によって計測される電圧の値は、プラス側の導線とマイナス側の導線にどのような金属を使用するかによって決まる。例えば、Ｋタイプ（国際電気標準会議（ＩＥＣ）による）の熱電対は、正の電極にクロメル、負の電極にアルメルを用いる。他の金属を用いてもよいが、計測した電圧の値から温度差を導き出すためには、使用する金属の熱起電力特性を知っておかなければならない。   The value of the voltage measured by the thermocouple depends on what kind of metal is used for the positive and negative conductors. For example, type K thermocouples (according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)) use chromel for the positive electrode and alumel for the negative electrode. Other metals may be used, but in order to derive the temperature difference from the measured voltage value, the electromotive force characteristics of the metal used must be known.

熱電対で温度を測定するには、原理的には、冷接点の温度を一定（例えば０℃）に保たなければならない。しかし、冷接点の温度が変化しても、冷接点に接続した他の手段を用いて（ダイオードの温度特性を利用したり、サーミスタや測温抵抗体を用いたりして）、その温度を測定することはできる。そこで、冷接点の温度が一定でない環境下で熱電対により温度を測定する場合には、他の手段で測定する冷接点温度を利用して、適切な校正（冷接点補償と呼ばれる）を行なう。   In order to measure the temperature with a thermocouple, in principle, the temperature of the cold junction must be kept constant (eg, 0 ° C.). However, even if the temperature of the cold junction changes, measure the temperature using other means connected to the cold junction (using the temperature characteristics of the diode, using a thermistor or resistance temperature detector). Can do. Therefore, when measuring the temperature with a thermocouple in an environment where the temperature of the cold junction is not constant, appropriate calibration (called cold junction compensation) is performed using the cold junction temperature measured by other means.

基本的に本発明は、熱電対のプラス側およびマイナス側の導線が、温度検出回路に正しく接続されているかどうかを判定する装置および方法を提供する。Basically, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for determining whether the positive and negative conductors of a thermocouple are properly connected to a temperature detection circuit.

本発明に基づくアセンブリは、熱電対、冷接点センサ、および電気回路を備える。この熱電対は、プロセスエンドおよび冷接点の端部を有する。この冷接点の端部は、第１および第２の冷接点の端子を有する。この冷接点センサは、冷接点の端部の近傍に支持され、冷接点の端部の温度を測定するように構成されている。この電気回路は冷接点センサに電気的に接続され、その第１および第２の冷接点の端子に接続されている。この電気回路は、熱電対信号を第１および第２の冷接点の端子間の電圧の関数として生成するように、また冷接点センサ信号をこの冷接点センサで測定される冷接点の端部の温度の関数として生成するように、構成されている。この電気回路は、さらに、熱電対信号と冷接点センサ信号の相関を演算するように構成されている。本発明には、このアセンブリを用いる方法も含まれている。The assembly according to the present invention comprises a thermocouple, a cold junction sensor, and an electrical circuit. The thermocouple has a process end and a cold junction end. The end of this cold junction has terminals of first and second cold junctions. The cold junction sensor is supported near the end of the cold junction and is configured to measure the temperature at the end of the cold junction. This electrical circuit is electrically connected to the cold junction sensor and is connected to the terminals of the first and second cold junctions. The electrical circuit generates a thermocouple signal as a function of the voltage between the terminals of the first and second cold junctions, and the cold junction sensor signal at the cold junction end measured by the cold junction sensor. It is configured to generate as a function of temperature. The electrical circuit is further configured to calculate the correlation between the thermocouple signal and the cold junction sensor signal. The present invention also includes a method of using this assembly.

温度センサの概略図である。It is the schematic of a temperature sensor. 熱電対での測定を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the measurement in a thermocouple. 測定の相関を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the correlation of a measurement.

図１は、温度センサ１０の概略図を示す。温度センサ１０は、熱電対の正極側のリード線１２、熱電対のマイナス側導線１４、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６、マイナス側の冷接点の端子１８、プロセスエンド２０、冷接点補償器の電気回路２２、冷接点補償器のプラス側導線２４、冷接点補償器の負極側導線２６、冷接点温度センサ２８、出力回路３０、出力接続線３２、トランスミッタ３４、トランスミッタ接続線３６、およびユーザインターフェース３８を備える。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a temperature sensor 10. The temperature sensor 10 includes a thermocouple positive lead 12, a thermocouple negative lead 14, a positive cold junction terminal 16, a negative cold junction terminal 18, a process end 20, and a cold junction compensator. Electrical circuit 22, cold junction compensator positive side conductor 24, cold junction compensator negative side conductor 26, cold junction temperature sensor 28, output circuit 30, output connection line 32, transmitter 34, transmitter connection line 36, and user interface 38.

熱電対のプラス側導線１２は、プロセスエンド２０で熱電対のマイナス側導線１４に接続されている。プロセスエンド２０は、温度の情報が必要なプロセス環境に暴露されてよい。プロセスエンド２０は、一般に「主接点」あるいは「温接点」として知られている。The thermocouple positive lead 12 is connected to the thermocouple negative lead 14 at the process end 20. Process end 20 may be exposed to a process environment where temperature information is required. The process end 20 is commonly known as a “main contact” or “warm contact”.

熱電対のプラス側導線１２は、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６にも接続され、熱電対のマイナス側導線１４は、マイナス側の冷接点の端子１８にも接続されている。冷接点補償器の回路２２は、冷接点補償器のプラス側の接続線２４を介して、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６に接続され、冷接点補償器のマイナス側の接続線２６を介して、マイナス側の冷接点の端子１８に接続されている。プラス側の冷接点の端子１６およびマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８は、合わせて冷接点と呼ばれる。出力回路３０は、出力接続線３２を介して、冷接点補償器の電気回路２２に接続されている。この図示された実施形態では、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６、マイナス側の冷接点の端子１８、プロセスエンド２０、冷接点補償器の電気回路２２、冷接点補償器のプラス側導線２４、冷接点補償器のマイナス側導線２６、冷接点の温度センサ２８、出力回路３０、および出力接続線３２は、トランスミッタ３４の一部となっている。The plus side lead 12 of the thermocouple is also connected to the plus side cold junction terminal 16, and the minus side lead 14 of the thermocouple is also connected to the minus side cold junction terminal 18. The cold junction compensator circuit 22 is connected to the positive cold junction terminal 16 via the cold junction compensator positive connection line 24 and via the cold junction compensator negative connection line 26. Are connected to the terminal 18 of the negative cold junction. The plus side cold junction terminal 16 and the minus side cold junction terminal 18 are collectively referred to as a cold junction. The output circuit 30 is connected to the electrical circuit 22 of the cold junction compensator via an output connection line 32. In the illustrated embodiment, the positive cold junction terminal 16, the negative cold junction terminal 18, the process end 20, the cold junction compensator electrical circuit 22, the cold junction compensator positive lead 24, The negative compensator 26 for the contact compensator, the temperature sensor 28 for the cold junction, the output circuit 30, and the output connection line 32 are part of the transmitter 34.

冷接点のプラス側導線１２は、実質的にはどのような導電性の材質であっても熱電対のプラス側導線としての使用に適していればよく、たとえばクロメルであってよい。冷接点のマイナス側導線１４は、実質的にどのような導電性の材質であっても、冷接点のプラス側導線１２と対になるように選択されたマイナス側の導線としての使用に適していればよく、たとえばアルメルであってよい。冷接点のプラス側導線１２および冷接点のマイナス側導１４は合わせて、熱電対を形成する。The plus-side conductor 12 of the cold junction may be made of any conductive material that is suitable for use as the plus-side conductor of the thermocouple, and may be, for example, chromel. The cold junction negative conductor 14 is suitable for use as a negative conductor selected to be paired with the cold junction positive conductor 12 of any conductive material. For example, it may be alumel. The cold junction positive conductor 12 and the cold junction negative conductor 14 together form a thermocouple.

冷接点補償器の電気回路２２は、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６とマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８との間の電圧を測定することができる。冷接点補償器の電気回路２２は、冷接点の温度センサ２８を用いて冷接点での温度を測定することができる。冷接点の温度センサ２８は、温度に反応するデバイスであり、たとえばサーミスタ、ダイオード、あるいは測温抵抗体デバイスである。次に冷接点補償器の電気回路２２は、冷接点の温度に基づいて補正電圧を計算する。冷接点補償器の出力回路２２は、出力接続線３２を介して、冷接点補償器の回路３０に所定の信号を送信する。この信号は、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６とマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８との間で測定される電圧を表す信号と、補正電圧を表す信号とを含む。The cold junction compensator electrical circuit 22 can measure the voltage between the positive cold junction terminal 16 and the negative cold junction terminal 18. The cold junction compensator electrical circuit 22 can use a cold junction temperature sensor 28 to measure the temperature at the cold junction. The cold junction temperature sensor 28 is a device that responds to temperature, such as a thermistor, a diode, or a resistance temperature detector device. The cold junction compensator electrical circuit 22 then calculates a correction voltage based on the cold junction temperature. The cold junction compensator output circuit 22 transmits a predetermined signal to the cold junction compensator circuit 30 via the output connection line 32. This signal includes a signal representing the voltage measured between the positive cold junction terminal 16 and the negative cold junction terminal 18 and a signal representing the correction voltage.

冷接点補償器の電気回路２２からの信号に基づいて、出力回路３０は、冷接点の正確な温度、冷接点とプロセスエンド２０との間の温度差、およびプロセスエンド２０の正確な温度を含む種々の温度を計算することができる。これらの温度値は、多項式補間あるいは参照テーブルの値を基準にするなどの、一般的な手法で決めることができる。トランスミッタの接続線３６は、トランスミッタ３４をユーザインターフェース３８に電気的に接続している。この図示された実施形態では、出力回路３０は、トランスミッタの接続線３６によってユーザインターフェース３８に接続されているが、この接続線は有線接続であっても、無線接続であってもよい。Based on the signal from the cold junction compensator electrical circuit 22, the output circuit 30 includes the exact temperature of the cold junction, the temperature difference between the cold junction and the process end 20, and the exact temperature of the process end 20. Various temperatures can be calculated. These temperature values can be determined by a general method such as a polynomial interpolation or a reference table value. A transmitter connection line 36 electrically connects the transmitter 34 to a user interface 38. In the illustrated embodiment, the output circuit 30 is connected to the user interface 38 by a transmitter connection line 36, which may be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

ユーザインターフェース３８は、出力回路３０から受信した信号に基づいて、冷接点補償器の電気回路２２および出力回路３０によって計算された温度値を表示してよい。１つの実施形態では、ユーザインターフェース３８は、温度値のデジタル表示が可能なグラフィカルユーザインターフェースであってよい。他の実施形態では、ユーザインターフェース３８は、ユーザと情報通信を行えるものであれば概ねどのようなユーザインターフェースあってもよい。The user interface 38 may display the temperature values calculated by the cold junction compensator electrical circuit 22 and the output circuit 30 based on the signal received from the output circuit 30. In one embodiment, user interface 38 may be a graphical user interface capable of digital display of temperature values. In other embodiments, the user interface 38 may be any user interface that can communicate information with the user.

これらの温度値の確度は、熱電対のプラス側導線１２と熱電対のマイナス側導線とに用いられる材質および冷接点温度センサ２８に用いられる温度に反応するデバイスなどの要因に依存する。さらに、この確度は温度センサ１０の全ての部品が適切に接続されているどうかにも依存する。たとえば、温度センサ１０は、熱電対のプラス側導線１２が冷接点の端子１６に接続され、熱電対のマイナス側導線１４が同様にマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８に接続されていることを前提として機能する。もしこれらの導線が誤って、間違った端子に接続されていると、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６とマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８との間の電圧降下は、正しく接続された温度センサの温度での電圧降下と逆になってしまう。このような場合、出力回路３０は、プロセスエンド２０の不正確な温度値を計算してしまうことになる。状況次第では、この温度値が不正確であることがユーザにとって明瞭でない可能性もある。The accuracy of these temperature values depends on factors such as the material used for the plus side conductor 12 of the thermocouple and the minus side lead of the thermocouple and the device that reacts to the temperature used for the cold junction temperature sensor 28. Furthermore, this accuracy also depends on whether all components of the temperature sensor 10 are properly connected. For example, the temperature sensor 10 assumes that the thermocouple positive lead 12 is connected to the cold junction terminal 16 and the thermocouple negative lead 14 is similarly connected to the negative cold junction terminal 18. Function as. If these leads are mistakenly connected to the wrong terminal, the voltage drop between the positive cold junction terminal 16 and the negative cold junction terminal 18 will result in a correctly connected temperature sensor. This is the opposite of the voltage drop at temperature. In such a case, the output circuit 30 will calculate an incorrect temperature value of the process end 20. Depending on the circumstances, it may not be obvious to the user that this temperature value is incorrect.

図２は熱電対での測定図４０を示す。熱電対での測定図４０は、温度値を時間の関数として示したものである。実際のライン４２は、プロセスエンド２０での実際のプロセス温度を時間経過に対して示したものである。ここで図示された実施形態では、実際の温度は６０時間で約１００℃から約２００℃に直線的に上昇している。FIG. 2 shows a measurement diagram 40 with a thermocouple. Thermocouple measurement FIG. 40 shows temperature values as a function of time. The actual line 42 shows the actual process temperature at the process end 20 over time. In the illustrated embodiment, the actual temperature increases linearly from about 100 ° C. to about 200 ° C. in 60 hours.

熱電対のライン４４は、温度センサ１０の全ての部品が適切に接続されている場合に測定された温度差（プロセスエンド２０の温度−冷接点の温度）を時間経過に対して示したものである。ここに図示された実施形態では、測定された温度差は６０時間で上昇率が変化しながら約１００℃から約２００℃に上昇している。The thermocouple line 44 shows the temperature difference (temperature of the process end 20 minus the temperature of the cold junction) measured over time when all components of the temperature sensor 10 are properly connected. is there. In the illustrated embodiment, the measured temperature difference increases from about 100 ° C. to about 200 ° C. with the rate of increase changing in 60 hours.

冷接点のライン４６は、冷接点で測定された温度を時間経過に対して示したものである。この図示された実施形態では、冷接点で測定された温度は、約６０時間に渡り０℃付近で変動している。The cold junction line 46 shows the temperature measured at the cold junction over time. In the illustrated embodiment, the temperature measured at the cold junction has fluctuated around 0 ° C. for about 60 hours.

反転した熱電対のライン４８は、温度センサ１０が反対に接続されて（すなわち、熱電対のプラス側導線１４がプラス側の冷接点の端子１６に接続され、熱電対のプラス側導線１２がマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８に接続された場合）、間違って測定された、プロセスエンド２０と冷接点の温度差を時間経過に対し示したものである。ここに図示された実施形態では、間違って測定された温度差は６０時間で下降率が変化しながら約−１００℃から約−２００℃に下降している。反転した熱電対のライン４８は、事実上熱電対の線４４を裏返しにしたものである。The inverted thermocouple line 48 has the temperature sensor 10 connected oppositely (ie, the thermocouple positive lead 14 is connected to the positive cold junction terminal 16 and the thermocouple positive lead 12 is negative. The temperature difference between the process end 20 and the cold junction, measured incorrectly, when connected to the cold junction terminal 18 on the side). In the illustrated embodiment, the incorrectly measured temperature difference drops from about −100 ° C. to about −200 ° C. with a decreasing rate changing in 60 hours. The inverted thermocouple line 48 is effectively the inside out of the thermocouple line 44.

熱電対での測定図４０から明らかなように、熱電対のライン４４は、冷接点のライン４６に対し逆の相関を有している。冷接点での温度が上昇すると、温度差は必然的に減少する。これは以下の式で表すことができる。Thermocouple Measurement As is apparent from FIG. 40, the thermocouple line 44 has an inverse correlation with the cold junction line 46. As the temperature at the cold junction increases, the temperature difference inevitably decreases. This can be expressed as:
（実際のプロセス温度）−（冷接点の温度）＝（測定された熱電対の温度差）  (Actual process temperature)-(Cold junction temperature) = (Measured thermocouple temperature difference)
また、熱電対での測定図４０から明らかなように、反転したＴＣのライン４８は、ＣＪのライン４６に対し正の相関を有している。これは以下の式で表すことができる。As is apparent from the thermocouple measurement diagram 40, the inverted TC line 48 has a positive correlation with the CJ line 46. This can be expressed as:
−［（実際のプロセス温度）−（冷接点の温度）］-[(Actual process temperature)-(Cold junction temperature)]
＝（反転して測定された熱電対の温度差）= (Temperature difference of thermocouple measured by inversion)
したがって、熱電対が適切に接続されているか否かは、冷接点の温度と測定された熱電対の温度差とを比較することで明らかとなる。Therefore, whether or not the thermocouple is properly connected is clarified by comparing the temperature of the cold junction and the measured temperature difference of the thermocouple.

図３は測定の相関図を示す。測定の相関図５０は、測定された冷接点の温度と測定された温度差との間の相関値を時間の関数として示したものである。正しいライン５２は、温度センサ１０が正しく接続されている場合の相関値を示している。この図示された実施形態では、正しいライン５２は、約１０時間に渡り０と−１の間で変動している。FIG. 3 shows a correlation diagram of the measurement. The measurement correlation diagram 50 shows the correlation value between the measured cold junction temperature and the measured temperature difference as a function of time. The correct line 52 indicates the correlation value when the temperature sensor 10 is correctly connected. In the illustrated embodiment, the correct line 52 has fluctuated between 0 and -1 for approximately 10 hours.

反転したライン５４は、温度センサ１０が反対に接続された場合（すなわち、熱電対のマイナス側導線１４がプラス側の冷接点の端子１６に接続され、熱電対のプラス側導線１２がマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８に接続された場合）の相関値を示している。この図示された実施形態では、反転したライン５４は、約１０時間に渡り０と1の間で変動している。The inverted line 54 is shown when the temperature sensor 10 is connected in the opposite direction (i.e., the thermocouple negative conductor 14 is connected to the positive cold junction terminal 16 and the thermocouple positive conductor 12 is negative. The correlation value when connected to the cold junction terminal 18 is shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the inverted line 54 has fluctuated between 0 and 1 over approximately 10 hours.

平坦なライン５６は、温度センサ１０が開放回路となっている場合（すなわち、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６あるいはマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８が、熱電対のプラス側導線１２または熱電対のマイナス側導線１４に接続されていない場合）の相関値を示している。この図示された実施形態では、正しいライン５６は、約１０時間に渡りほぼ０の値となっている。The flat line 56 is used when the temperature sensor 10 is an open circuit (ie, the positive cold junction terminal 16 or the negative cold junction terminal 18 is connected to the thermocouple positive conductor 12 or the thermocouple. The correlation value is shown when not connected to the negative conductor 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the correct line 56 has a value of approximately zero for about 10 hours.

出力回路３０は、冷接点補償器の電気回路２２から受信した信号に基づいて、相関値を時間の関数として計算することができる。相関は以下の２つの方法のいずれかで評価することができる。第１の方法では、相関は、冷接点で測定された温度の時間変化率と、プラス側の冷接点の端子１６とマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８の間の電圧の変化率との相関で評価することができる。第２の方法では、相関は、冷接点で測定された温度の時間変化率と、冷接点とプロセス端部の間の温度差の時間変化率との相関で評価することができる。冷接点とプロセスエンドの温度差は、そのままプラス側の冷接点の端子１６とマイナス側の冷接点の端子１８の間の電圧に対応しているので、これらのいずれの相関も有用である。The output circuit 30 can calculate the correlation value as a function of time based on the signal received from the electrical circuit 22 of the cold junction compensator. The correlation can be evaluated by either of the following two methods. In the first method, the correlation is the correlation between the time change rate of the temperature measured at the cold junction and the voltage change rate between the positive cold junction terminal 16 and the negative cold junction terminal 18. Can be evaluated. In the second method, the correlation can be evaluated by the correlation between the time change rate of the temperature measured at the cold junction and the time change rate of the temperature difference between the cold junction and the process end. Since the temperature difference between the cold junction and the process end directly corresponds to the voltage between the positive cold junction terminal 16 and the negative cold junction terminal 18, any of these correlations are useful.

相関の評価は、必然的に冷接点での少なくとも何らかの温度変化が必要である。このような変化は、長い時間に渡っては、通常自然に起こるものである。この方法の正確さは、冷接点での温度変化がプロセスエンド２０での温度変化に対して比較的大きくなるように設定することで、向上することができる。冷接点での大きな温度変化は、温度差の変化に対し大きな影響を生じ、相関値を−１あるいは１に近づける。このようにして、温度センサ１０が正しく接続されているかどうかについての結果の信頼性が向上される。相関値が−１に近いほど、温度センサが正しく接続されていることの確度が大きくなる。相関値が１に近いほど、温度センサ１０が逆に接続されていることの確度が大きくなる。常に０である相関値は、開放回路であることを示唆している。０に近づいてゆく相関値は、不確定な検査またはセンサ不良を示唆している。Evaluation of the correlation necessarily requires at least some temperature change at the cold junction. Such changes usually occur naturally over time. The accuracy of this method can be improved by setting the temperature change at the cold junction to be relatively large with respect to the temperature change at the process end 20. A large temperature change at the cold junction has a large effect on the temperature difference change, and brings the correlation value close to −1 or 1. In this way, the reliability of the result as to whether the temperature sensor 10 is correctly connected is improved. The closer the correlation value is to -1, the greater the accuracy that the temperature sensor is correctly connected. The closer the correlation value is to 1, the greater the accuracy that the temperature sensor 10 is connected in reverse. A correlation value that is always 0 indicates an open circuit. A correlation value approaching zero suggests an indeterminate test or sensor failure.

出力回路３０は、ユーザインターフェース３８を駆動して、接続の状態に関して警告する。１つの実施形態では、ユーザインターフェース３８は、測定の相関図５０のように、相関値を時間の関数で示す図を表示することができる。他のもう１つの実施形態では、ユーザインターフェース３８は、相関値のデジタル表示を行うことができる。さらにもう１つの実施形態では、ユーザインターフェース３８は、接続状態に関して決定的な警告を提供するために相関の情報を利用してよい。１つの実施形態では、ユーザインターフェース３８は、正しい接続、間違った接続、あるいは無接続であることを示す３つの警告のうちの１つを提供するようにしてよい。このような警告を提供する前に、相関の閾値を設定するようにしてもよい。たとえば、相関値がゼロ以下になった時には、ユーザインターフェース３８は、正しい接続であることを示す警告を常に提供してよく、あるいは相関値がゼロ未満のある所定の値以下に低下した時のみ、正しい接続であることを示唆する警告を提供するようにしてよい。Output circuit 30 drives user interface 38 to warn about the status of the connection. In one embodiment, the user interface 38 may display a diagram showing the correlation values as a function of time, such as the measurement correlation diagram 50. In another embodiment, the user interface 38 can provide a digital representation of the correlation values. In yet another embodiment, the user interface 38 may utilize correlation information to provide a definitive alert regarding connection status. In one embodiment, the user interface 38 may provide one of three warnings indicating correct connection, incorrect connection, or no connection. Prior to providing such a warning, a correlation threshold may be set. For example, when the correlation value falls below zero, the user interface 38 may always provide a warning indicating that the connection is correct, or only when the correlation value drops below a certain predetermined value below zero. A warning may be provided that suggests a correct connection.

さらに、ユーザインターフェース３８は、相関値が所定の閾値より下に一瞬でも低下する度に、正しい接続であることを示す警告を提供してよく、相関値が所定の期間、所定の閾値より低下した場合のみ、正しい接続であることを示す警告を提供するようにしてよく、あるいは、平均的な相関値が所定の期間、所定の閾値より低下した場合のみ、正しい接続であることを示す警告を提供するようにしてよい。冷接点の温度が十分に頻繁に変化する場合は、相関演算は１０分以下で完了する。また、ユーザインターフェース３８は、正の閾値を用いる以外は、正しい接続であることを示す警告の場合に説明したと同様に、間違った接続であることを示す警告を提供するようにしてよい。また、ユーザインターフェース３８は、正および負の閾値を用いる以外は、正しい接続であることを示す警告の場合に説明したと同様に、無接続であることを示す警告を提供するようにしてよい。In addition, the user interface 38 may provide a warning indicating that the connection is correct each time the correlation value falls below a predetermined threshold, and the correlation value has dropped below the predetermined threshold for a predetermined period. Only if it is possible to provide a warning indicating that the connection is correct, or only if the average correlation value falls below a predetermined threshold for a predetermined period of time, a warning indicating that the connection is correct is provided. You may do it. If the cold junction temperature changes frequently enough, the correlation calculation is completed in less than 10 minutes. Further, the user interface 38 may provide a warning indicating that the connection is incorrect, as described in the case of the warning indicating that the connection is correct, except that a positive threshold is used. Further, the user interface 38 may provide a warning indicating that there is no connection, as described in the case of a warning indicating that the connection is correct, except that positive and negative threshold values are used.

ユーザインターフェース３８が、熱電対１０の接続が正しくない旨を表示した場合には、ユーザは、プラス側導線１２またはマイナス側導線１４を、正しい端子に接続し直す。同様に、ユーザインターフェース３８が開放回路である旨を表示した場合には、ユーザは、導線を再度接続する。一方、ユーザインターフェース３８が、熱電対１０の接続が正しい旨を表示した場合には、ユーザは、熱電対１０が測定した温度に大きな信頼を寄せることができる。   When the user interface 38 displays that the thermocouple 10 is not connected correctly, the user reconnects the plus-side conductor 12 or the minus-side conductor 14 to the correct terminal. Similarly, if the user interface 38 indicates that it is an open circuit, the user reconnects the conductor. On the other hand, when the user interface 38 displays that the connection of the thermocouple 10 is correct, the user can greatly rely on the temperature measured by the thermocouple 10.

本発明は、多くの効果・利点を有する。すなわち、本発明によれば、ユーザは、熱電対の接続が正しいことについて信頼を寄せることができる。また、熱電対の接続が反対のときには、ユーザは、接続の誤りに気づくことができる。このため、ユーザが誤った温度の測定結果を取り入れることは防止され、ユーザは誤った接続を正すことができる。さらに、熱電対の導線の接続が外れたり、破断したりした場合には、ユーザに警報を発するようにすることもできる。このような効果・利点は、冷接点が位置する温度が既知の環境と、温接点が位置する温度が未知の環境との間の温度差が小さい場合に、特に有用である。   The present invention has many effects and advantages. That is, according to the present invention, the user can rely on the correct connection of the thermocouple. Also, when the thermocouple connection is reversed, the user can notice a connection error. For this reason, it is prevented that a user takes in the measurement result of an incorrect temperature, and the user can correct an incorrect connection. Further, when the thermocouple lead is disconnected or broken, an alarm can be issued to the user. Such effects and advantages are particularly useful when the temperature difference between the environment where the temperature where the cold junction is located is known and the environment where the temperature where the hot junction is located is small.

以上、本発明を好ましい実施形態に即して説明してきたが、当業者であれば、本発明の意図および範囲から逸脱することなく、形態および詳細の変更を行うことができることを認識するであろう。たとえば、相関の演算は、実際はトランスミッタで行われる必要はない。冷接点の温度と測定された熱電対の温度差の間の相関値を時間の関数として計算することができる回路であれば、どのような回路もこの目的に用いることができる。
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Let's go. For example, the correlation calculation need not actually be performed at the transmitter. Any circuit capable of calculating the correlation value between the cold junction temperature and the measured thermocouple temperature difference as a function of time can be used for this purpose.

Claims (20)

熱電対（１２，１４）で温度を検出し、前記熱電対（１２，１４）の温接点（２０）の温度および前記熱電対（１２，１４）の冷接点（１６，１８）の温度の関数である熱電対信号（４４）を生成する工程と、
冷接点温度センサ（２８）で温度を検出し、冷接点（１６，１８）の温度の関数である冷接点センサ信号（４６）を生成する工程と、
前記熱電対信号（４４）と前記冷接点センサ信号（４６）とを相関演算し、前記熱電対（１２，１４）が正しくトランスミッタ（３４）に接続されているか否かを示す信号を生成する工程と、
を備える、トランスミッタ（３４）に接続された熱電対（１２，１４）の動作を監視する方法。 A temperature is detected by the thermocouple (12, 14), and a function of the temperature of the hot junction (20) of the thermocouple (12, 14) and the temperature of the cold junction (16, 18) of the thermocouple (12, 14). Generating a thermocouple signal (44) which is
Detecting the temperature with a cold junction temperature sensor (28) and generating a cold junction sensor signal (46) that is a function of the temperature of the cold junction (16, 18);
Correlating the thermocouple signal (44) and the cold junction sensor signal (46) to generate a signal indicating whether the thermocouple (12, 14) is properly connected to the transmitter (34). When,
Monitoring the operation of the thermocouple (12, 14) connected to the transmitter (34). 前記熱電対がトランスミッタと正しく接続されているか否かを示す信号をユーザに提供する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。   The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing a user with a signal indicating whether the thermocouple is properly connected to a transmitter. 前記熱電対がトランスミッタと正しく接続されているか否かを示す信号は、時間の関数である、前記冷接点センサ信号と前記熱電対信号との相関値であることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の方法。 The signal indicating whether the thermocouple is properly connected to the transmitter is a correlation value between the cold junction sensor signal and the thermocouple signal , which is a function of time. the method of. 正の相関値に対応して第１の信号をユーザに提供し、負の相関値に対応して第２の信号をユーザに提供する工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。   The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing a first signal to a user in response to a positive correlation value and providing a second signal to the user in response to a negative correlation value. Method. 略ゼロの相関値に対応して第３の信号をユーザに提供する工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の方法。   5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing a third signal to a user corresponding to a substantially zero correlation value. 前記冷接点温度センサ信号（４６）に対する前記熱電対信号（４４）の平均の相関値を演算する工程と、
所定の正の値を越える、平均の相関値に対応して、第１の信号をユーザに提供する工程と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。 Calculating an average correlation value of the thermocouple signal (44) with respect to the cold junction temperature sensor signal (46);
Providing a first signal to a user in response to an average correlation value exceeding a predetermined positive value;
The method of claim 1, further comprising: 前記第１の信号に対応して、前記トランスミッタ（３４）の第１の端子（１６）に接続されていた熱電対の冷接点の端部（１２，１４）が前記トランスミッタの第２の端子（１８）に接続され、前記第２の端子（１８）に接続されていた熱電対の冷接点の端部（１２，１４）が前記第１の端子に接続されるように、前記熱電対（１２，１４）を前記トランスミッタ（３４）に接続し直す工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の方法。   Corresponding to the first signal, the end (12, 14) of the cold junction of the thermocouple connected to the first terminal (16) of the transmitter (34) is connected to the second terminal of the transmitter ( 18) and the thermocouple (12) so that the end (12, 14) of the cold junction of the thermocouple connected to the second terminal (18) is connected to the first terminal. , 14) further comprising the step of reconnecting to the transmitter (34). 前記平均の相関値は、前記冷接点の温度が変化した場合に所定の期間に渡って演算されることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 6, wherein the average correlation value is calculated over a predetermined period when the temperature of the cold junction changes. 前記所定の期間は、概ね１０分間を上回ることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の方法。   9. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined period is generally greater than 10 minutes. 前記所定の正の値は、０〜１であることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の方法。   9. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined positive value is 0-1. 前記第１の信号に対応して、前記トランスミッタ（３４）の第１の端子（１６）に接続されていた熱電対の冷接点の端部（１２，１４）が前記トランスミッタ（３４）の第２の端子（１８）に接続され、前記第２の端子（１８）に接続されていた熱電対の冷接点の端部（１２，１４）が前記第１の端子に接続されるように、前記熱電対（１２，１４）を前記トランスミッタ（３４）に接続し直す工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の方法。   In response to the first signal, the end (12, 14) of the cold junction of the thermocouple connected to the first terminal (16) of the transmitter (34) is the second of the transmitter (34). The thermocouple cold junction end (12, 14) connected to the second terminal (18) is connected to the first terminal so that the thermocouple cold junction end (12, 14) is connected to the first terminal. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of reconnecting a pair (12, 14) to the transmitter (34). 前記平均の相関値が所定の負の値未満の場合には、第２の信号をユーザに提供する工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の方法。   9. The method of claim 8, further comprising providing a second signal to a user if the average correlation value is less than a predetermined negative value. 前記平均の相関値が、前記所定の正の値と前記所定の負の値の間にある場合には、第３の信号をユーザに提供する工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１２に記載の方法。   13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: providing a third signal to a user when the average correlation value is between the predetermined positive value and the predetermined negative value. The method described. 前記温接点（２０）の温度に実質的に等しい温度を表す温度信号をユーザに提供する工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。   The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing a user with a temperature signal representative of a temperature substantially equal to the temperature of the hot junction (20). 熱電対の第１の冷接点の端部（１２）をトランスミッタ（３４）の第１の端子（１６）に接続し、熱電対の第２の冷接点の端部（１４）を、前記トランスミッタ（３４）の第２の端子（１８）に接続する工程と、
前記熱電対（３４）の温接点（２０）を、第１の温度を有する第１の環境に暴露し、前記熱電対の前記冷接点の端部（１２，１４）を、第２の温度を有する第２の環境に暴露する工程と、
前記熱電対（１２，１４）で温度を検出して、前記第１の温度と前記第２の温度の差の関数である、熱電対信号（４４）を生成する工程と、
冷接点温度センサ（２８）で温度を検出し、前記第２の温度として冷接点センサ信号（４６）を生成する工程と、
前記冷接点センサ信号（４６）と前記熱電対信号（４４）との間に正の相関がある場合には、前記第１の冷接点の端部が前記第２の端子（１８）に接続され、前記第２の冷接点の端部が前記第１の端子に接続されるように、前記熱電対（１２，１４）と前記トランスミッタとを接続し直す工程と、
を備える、トランスミッタ（３４）に熱電対（１２，１４）を接続する方法。 The end (12) of the first cold junction of the thermocouple is connected to the first terminal (16) of the transmitter (34), and the end (14) of the second cold junction of the thermocouple is connected to the transmitter ( 34) connecting to the second terminal (18);
The hot junction (20) of the thermocouple (34) is exposed to a first environment having a first temperature, and the cold junction end (12, 14) of the thermocouple is exposed to a second temperature. Exposing to a second environment comprising:
Detecting temperature with the thermocouple (12, 14) and generating a thermocouple signal (44), which is a function of the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature;
Detecting a temperature with a cold junction temperature sensor (28) and generating a cold junction sensor signal (46) as the second temperature ;
If there is a positive correlation between the cold junction sensor signal (46) and the thermocouple signal (44), the end of the first cold junction is connected to the second terminal (18). Reconnecting the thermocouple (12, 14) and the transmitter so that the end of the second cold junction is connected to the first terminal;
Connecting the thermocouple (12, 14) to the transmitter (34). 温接点および冷接点の端部（１６，１８）を有する熱電対（１２，１４）であって、前記冷接点の端部（１６，１８）が第１の冷接点の端子（１６）および第２の冷接点の端子（１８）を有する熱電対と、
前記冷接点の端部（１６，１８）の近傍で支持され、前記冷接点の端部（１６，１８）での温度を測定する冷接点温度センサ（２８）と、
前記冷接点温度センサ（２８）に電気的に接続され、前記第１の冷接点の端子（１６）と前記第２の冷接点の端子（１８）とに電気的に接続された電気回路（２２，３０）であって、
前記第１の冷接点の端子（１６）と前記第２の冷接点の端子（１８）の間の電圧の関数である熱電対信号（４４）を生成し、前記冷接点温度センサ（２８）で測定される前記冷接点の端部（１６，１８）の温度の関数である冷接点センサ信号（４６）を生成し、前記熱電対信号（４４）と前記冷接点センサ信号（４６）の相関を演算する電気回路（２２，３０）と、
を備えるアセンブリ。 A thermocouple (12, 14) having a hot junction end and a cold junction end (16, 18), the cold junction end (16, 18) being a first cold junction terminal (16) and a first junction. A thermocouple having two cold junction terminals (18);
A cold junction temperature sensor (28) supported near the end (16, 18) of the cold junction and measuring the temperature at the end (16, 18) of the cold junction;
An electrical circuit (22) electrically connected to the cold junction temperature sensor (28) and electrically connected to the terminal (16) of the first cold junction and the terminal (18) of the second cold junction. 30), and
A thermocouple signal (44), which is a function of the voltage between the first cold junction terminal (16) and the second cold junction terminal (18), is generated by the cold junction temperature sensor (28). A cold junction sensor signal (46) that is a function of the temperature of the cold junction end (16, 18) to be measured is generated, and the correlation between the thermocouple signal (44) and the cold junction sensor signal (46) is generated. An electric circuit (22, 30) to be calculated;
An assembly comprising: 前記電気回路（２２，３０）に電気的に接続されたユーザインターフェースをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１６に記載のアセンブリ。   The assembly of claim 16, further comprising a user interface electrically connected to the electrical circuit (22, 30). 前記電気回路（２２，３０）は、前記熱電対（１２，１４）が正しく前記電気回路（２２，３０）に接続されているか否かを示す信号を生成するようにユーザインターフェース（３８）を駆動するよう構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１７に記載のアセンブリ。   The electrical circuit (22, 30) drives a user interface (38) to generate a signal indicating whether the thermocouple (12, 14) is properly connected to the electrical circuit (22, 30). The assembly of claim 17, wherein the assembly is configured to: 前記電気回路（２２，３０）は、相関データおよび温度データを前記ユーザインターフェース（３８）に送信することを特徴とする請求項１７に記載のアセンブリ。 18. Assembly according to claim 17, wherein the electrical circuit (22, 30) transmits correlation data and temperature data to the user interface (38) . 前記電気回路（２２，３０）は、冷接点補償器（２２）を備えることを特徴とする請求項１７に記載のアセンブリ。   18. Assembly according to claim 17, wherein the electrical circuit (22, 30) comprises a cold junction compensator (22).
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US20100246630A1 (en) 2010-09-30
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