JP5702043B2 - 不均一触媒でガス状炭素化合物を分解することによりカーボンナノチューブを製造するための触媒 - Google Patents
不均一触媒でガス状炭素化合物を分解することによりカーボンナノチューブを製造するための触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5702043B2 JP5702043B2 JP2007540559A JP2007540559A JP5702043B2 JP 5702043 B2 JP5702043 B2 JP 5702043B2 JP 2007540559 A JP2007540559 A JP 2007540559A JP 2007540559 A JP2007540559 A JP 2007540559A JP 5702043 B2 JP5702043 B2 JP 5702043B2
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Description
〔1〕Mn、Coおよび担持材料を含んでなる組成物であって、CoおよびMnを、金属形態の活性成分の含量に基づいて2〜98モル%の量で含んでなる、組成物。
〔2〕Moをさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、上記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔3〕カーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒としての、上記〔1〕に記載の組成物の使用。
〔4〕上記〔1〕に記載の組成物を触媒として使用することを特徴とする、カーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
〔5〕上記〔1〕に記載の不均一触媒でガス状炭化水素を分解することを含む、3nm〜150nmの主直径を有するカーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
〔6〕反応体として、軽質炭化水素、例えば、脂肪族化合物およびオレフィンを、個々にまたは混合物として使用することを特徴とする、上記〔5〕に記載の方法。
〔7〕触媒の供給および形成されたカーボンナノチューブを使用済み触媒と一緒に取り出すことに関して、連続的にまたは不連続的に行うことを特徴とする、上記〔5〕または〔6〕に記載の方法。
〔8〕触媒を、主触媒活性成分が部分的にまたは完全に還元された酸化物として、または水酸化物として添加される形態で、反応器中に導入することを特徴とする、上記〔5〕〜〔7〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔9〕上記〔5〕〜〔8〕のいずれかに記載の方法により得ることができるカーボンナノチューブ。
〔10〕ポリマー複合材料、セラミックまたは金属複合材料において電気伝導率または熱伝導率および機械的特性を改善するための、伝導性被覆および複合材料を製造するための、染料としての、電池、蓄電器、ディスプレイ(例えば、フラットスクリーンディスプレイ)またはランプにおける、電界効果トランジスタとしての、ストレージ媒体(例えば、水素またはリチウム用ストレージ媒体)としての、膜(例えば、ガス精製用膜)における、触媒または担持材料(例えば、化学反応における触媒活性成分用担持材料)としての、燃料電池における、医療分野における、例えば、細胞組織の成長を制御するためのマトリックスとしての、診断分野における、例えば、マーカーとしての、および化学的および物理的分析における(例えば、走査型力顕微鏡における)、上記〔9〕に記載のカーボンナノチューブの使用。
以下、本発明の方法および本発明の触媒を、幾つかの実施例を用いて説明するが、該実施例は、本発明の概念の限定として理解されるべきではない。
該触媒を、好ましくは共沈澱によって製造した。
触媒1(MCN0062_23Mn_27Co_11Mo_39Al):3つの溶液を、50mlの脱イオン水中の2.5gの(NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2O、50mlの脱イオン水中の17.8gのCo(NO3)2・6H2O、および50mlの脱イオン水中の15.4gのMn(NO3)2・4H2Oから製造した。該溶液を室温にて混合し、そして5分間攪拌した。得られた曇りのない混合物を、35mlの水中の50.0gのAl(NO3)3・9H2Oの溶液と混合し、そして攪拌した。曇りは、希HNO3の添加により解消した。このように得た溶液を、以下、溶液Aと呼ぶ。以下で溶液Bと呼ぶ溶液を、70.0gの(NH4)2CO3を225mlの脱イオン水中に攪拌混合することによって製造した。2つの溶液AおよびBを、pHをpH=7に維持しつつ、激しく攪拌しながら、室温にて、200mlの脱イオン水を貯留した多首丸底フラスコ中に滴下した。計量供給(約20分)後、該混合物をさらに5分間攪拌し、および得られた固体をろ過した。該固体を水中に2回懸濁させ、そして攪拌により5分間分散させ、そしてろ過した。ろ過ケーキを空気中180℃にて終夜乾燥し、次いで、空気中400℃にて4時間焼成した。焼成後、14.9gの黒色固体を得た。担持材料に基づく用いた活性金属の理論比は、Mn:Co:Mo:Al2O3=23:27:11:39である。
触媒を、実験室規模の固定床装置中で試験した。このため、所定量の触媒を、最初に内径9mmの石英チューブ中に導入し、そして熱伝導媒体によって外部から加熱した。固体の堆積物の温度を、電気的に加熱された熱伝導媒体のPID調節を介して調整した。触媒堆積物または触媒/ナノチューブ混合物の温度を、不活性石英キャピラリー中に封入された熱電対によって決定した。反応体ガスおよび希釈不活性ガスを、電子的に制御された質量流調節器を介して反応器中を通過させた。該触媒試料を、最初に水素および不活性ガス流中で加熱した。所望の温度に到達したとき、反応体ガスのスイッチを入れた。反応体ガス混合物の体積比は、エテン:H2:Ar=45:60:5であった。合計体積流を、110mlN・min−1に調整した。反応体ガスによる触媒のチャージングを100〜120分間、概して触媒の不活性化が完了するまで行なった。その後、沈澱した炭素量を、重量を測ることにより決定した。沈澱した炭素の構造および形態を、SEMおよびTEM分析を用いて決定した。以下で収率と呼ばれる用いた触媒に基づく沈澱した炭素量を、焼成後の触媒重量(mcat,0)および反応後の重量増加(mtotal−mcat,0)に基づいて定めた。
収率=(mtotal−mcat,0)/mcat,t0
本発明を例示する実施例を以下に示す。Mn−Co−Mo化合物に基づく触媒は、高収率を与えることが分かり得る。
触媒9(MCN0063_52Co_9Mo_39Al):2つの溶液を、50mlの脱イオン水中の2.5gの(NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2Oおよび50mlの脱イオン水中の36gのCo(NO3)2・6H2Oから製造した。該溶液を室温にて混合し、そして5分間攪拌した。得られた曇りのない混合物を、35mlの水中の50.0gのAl(NO3)3・9H2Oの溶液と混合し、そして攪拌した。曇りは、希HNO3の添加により解消した。このように得た溶液を、以下、溶液Aと呼ぶ。以下で溶液Bと呼ぶ溶液を、70.0gの(NH4)2CO3を225mlの脱イオン水中に攪拌混合することによって製造した。2つの溶液AおよびBを、pHをpH=6に維持しつつ、激しく攪拌しながら、室温にて、200mlの脱イオン水を貯留した多首丸底フラスコ中に滴下した。計量供給(約20分)後、該混合物をさらに5分間攪拌し、および得られた固体をろ過した。該固体を水中に2回懸濁させ、そして攪拌により5分間分散させ、そしてろ過した。ろ過ケーキを空気中180℃にて終夜乾燥し、次いで、空気中400℃にて4時間焼成した。焼成後、12.3gの黒色固体を得た。担持材料に基づく用いた活性金属の理論比は、Co:Mo:Al2O3=52:9:39である。
実施例3で得られた触媒を、実施例2に記載されたように、実験室装置中で同様に試験した。達成されたカーボンナノチューブの収率を表2にまとめる。比較可能な条件下、または沈澱によって製造された触媒の収率は、実施例2に記載した収率よりも顕著に低い。
Claims (2)
- Mn、Coおよび担持材料を含んでなる、カーボンナノチューブを製造するための触媒組成物であって、CoおよびMnを、金属形態の活性成分の含量に基づいて2〜98モル%の量で含んでなり、Mn/Coのモル比が0.54〜2.53である、触媒組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の触媒組成物を使用することを特徴とする、カーボンナノチューブの製造方法。
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DE102004054959.1 | 2004-11-13 | ||
DE102004054959A DE102004054959A1 (de) | 2004-11-13 | 2004-11-13 | Katalysator zur Herstellung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen durch Zersetzung von gas-förmigen Kohlenverbindungen an einem heterogenen Katalysator |
PCT/EP2005/011925 WO2006050903A2 (de) | 2004-11-13 | 2005-11-08 | Katalysator zur herstellung von kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen durch zersetzung von gasförmigen kohlenstoffverbindungen an einem heterogenen katalysator |
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US20090140215A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
CN101142020B (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
JP2008519679A (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
KR101292489B1 (ko) | 2013-08-01 |
WO2006050903A2 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
WO2006050903A3 (de) | 2006-09-08 |
EP1812159A2 (de) | 2007-08-01 |
US9409779B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 |
KR20070084180A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
CN101142020A (zh) | 2008-03-12 |
DE102004054959A1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
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