JP5638041B2 - タイヤ用ゴム組成物、タイヤ部材、及び空気入りタイヤ - Google Patents
タイヤ用ゴム組成物、タイヤ部材、及び空気入りタイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5638041B2 JP5638041B2 JP2012164948A JP2012164948A JP5638041B2 JP 5638041 B2 JP5638041 B2 JP 5638041B2 JP 2012164948 A JP2012164948 A JP 2012164948A JP 2012164948 A JP2012164948 A JP 2012164948A JP 5638041 B2 JP5638041 B2 JP 5638041B2
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
なお、本発明において、ゴム(バイオマス由来ゴム)のpMCは、ASTMD6866−10に準拠して測定して得られる値であり、具体的には実施例に記載の方法により測定できる。
なお、実施例に記載のように、ゴムの14C濃度を分析するためには、まずゴムの前処理が必要となる。具体的には、ゴムに含まれる炭素を酸化処理し、すべて二酸化炭素へと変換する。更に、得られた二酸化炭素を水や窒素と分離し、二酸化炭素を還元処理し、固形炭素であるグラファイトへと変換する必要がある。そして、この得られたグラファイトにCs+等の陽イオンを照射して炭素の負イオンを生成させ、タンデム加速器を用いて炭素イオンを加速し、負イオンから陽イオンへ荷電変換させ、質量分析電磁石により12C3+、13C3+、14C3+の進行する軌道を分離し、14C3+は静電分析器により測定を行うことができる。
なお、本発明において、ゴム(バイオマス由来ゴム)のTgは、実施例に記載の方法により測定できる。
ここで、ジエン系ゴムとしては、上記pMC及びTgを満たす範囲であれば、ジエン系モノマー以外の他のモノマー成分(芳香族ジエン系モノマー(スチレン等)、モノテルペン(ミルセン等)等共重合可能なモノマー成分)に由来する構成単位を含んでいてもよい。
また、BBRとしては、上記pMC及びTgを満たす範囲であれば、ブタジエン以外の他のモノマー成分(ブタジエン以外のジエン系モノマー(イソプレン等)、芳香族ジエン系モノマー(スチレン等)、モノテルペン(ミルセン等)等共重合可能なモノマー成分)に由来する構成単位を含んでいてもよい。
なお、BBRのシス含量は、実施例に記載の方法により測定できる。
なお、BBRのMw、Mnは、実施例に記載の方法により測定できる。
なお、本発明では、バイオマス由来のモノマー成分を重合して得られたゴムには、バイオマス由来のモノマー成分を従来法に従って重合したゴムだけではなく、微生物、植物、動物、及びこれらの組織培養体(以下においては、微生物等ともいう)による反応や酵素反応により得られたゴムも含まれる。
また、本発明では、バイオマスのことをバイオマス資源ともいう。
なお、ミルセンは月桂樹やバーベナ、オシメンはラベンダーやリママメ、コスメンはコスモス等から抽出可能である。
なお、シリカのN2SAは、ASTM D3037−93に準じてBET法で測定される値である。
なお、カーボンブラックのN2SAは、JIS K 6217−2:2001によって求められる。
ブタジエン、ポリブタジエンゴムのpMCは、下記の方法にて、ASTMD6866−10に準拠して測定した。
試料(ブタジエン又はポリブタジエンゴム)を燃焼させ、二酸化炭素(CO2)を発生させ、該二酸化炭素を真空ラインで精製した。次に、鉄を触媒として、精製した二酸化炭素を水素で還元し、グラファイト(C)を生成させた。そして、得られたグラファイトを内径1mmのカソードにハンドプレス機で詰め、それをホイールにはめ込み、測定装置(タンデム加速器をベースとした14C−AMS 専用装置(NEC社製))に装着した。該測定装置により、14C濃度、13C濃度の測定を行い,米国国立標準局(NIST)から提供されたシュウ酸を標準試料として、バイオマス比率を示すpMC(%)を算出した。なお、pMCの算出の際に、13C濃度値による補正を行った。
BRUKER社製AV400のNMR装置、データ解析ソフトTOP SPIN2.1を用いてシス含量を測定した。
JIS−K7121に従い、(株)島津製作所製の自動示差走査熱量計(DSC−60A)を用いて、昇温速度10℃/分の条件でガラス転移温度(Tg)を測定した。
下記の条件(1)〜(8)でゲル・パーミエイション・クロマトグラフ(GPC)法により、重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)を測定した。そして、測定したMw、Mnから重合体の分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を求めた。
(1)装置:東ソー社製HLC−8020
(2)分離カラム:東ソー社製GMH−XL(2本直列)
(3)測定温度:40℃
(4)キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン
(5)流量:0.6mL/分
(6)注入量:5μL
(7)検出器:示差屈折
(8)分子量標準:標準ポリスチレン
<バイオブタノールの製造>
300mlの発酵槽(DASGIP)にSoni et al(Soniet al,1987,Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.27:1−5)に記載の250mlの合成培地(糖類を含む)を満たし、窒素で30分スパージした。そこにClostridium acetobutylicum(ATCC824)を嫌気性条件下で、接種した。培養温度は35℃に一定維持し、pHはNH4OH溶液を用い、5.5に調節した。培養中、嫌気性条件を維持し、振盪速度は300rpmで維持した。5日間培養後、培養液を蒸留し、従来より周知となっているイオン交換樹脂法により分離して、バイオブタノール(1−ブタノール)を得た。
図1に示す装置を用いて、<バイオブタノールの製造>により得られたバイオブタノール(1−ブタノール)を原料として、バイオマス由来ブタジエンを合成した。
そして、二段目反応カラム26に、前記クロム担持ゼオライト触媒を10g充填した。
図1の装置を用いて、エタノールをブタジエンに変換する公知の方法(Kirshenbaum,I.(1978).Butadiene.In M.Grayson(Ed.),Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,3rd ed.,vol.4,pp.313337.New York:John Wiley&Sons.)により、市販のバイオエタノールを用いて、バイオマス由来ブタジエンを合成した。得られたブタジエン(バイオマス由来ブタジエン)のバイオマス比率を示すpMCの値は、108%であった。
酢酸パラジウム 0.5mmol/Lを、0.3mol/L Na3H3PMo9V3O40に溶解して調製した触媒を図1の装置の二段目反応カラム26に導入し、装置をアルゴン置換した。そこにバイオマス由来のエチレン(試作品、トウモロコシ由来バイオエタノールよりの製品)を導入した。装置を150℃、0.5MpaGの条件下で循環ライン28を通じて触媒溶液を循環させながら1時間反応した。冷却装置27のドレインを通じて触媒溶液を除去後、バイオエタノールを浸漬させたアルミナ触媒(住友化学社製アルミナKHA−46)を投入し、400℃で5時間反応させた。反応混合物をGC/MSにて分析することにより、ブタジエンの生成を確認した。得られたブタジエン(バイオマス由来ブタジエン)のバイオマス比率を示すpMCの値は、109%であった。
ハズ油より分離・精製したチグリン酸(生体内アミノ酸経由中間体)500mg、テトラキストリフェニルホスフィンパラジウム(0)30mg、トリエチルホウ素10mgをアルゴン充填したオートクレーブにいれ、200℃で1時間反応させた。生成物をGC/MSで分析することにより、ブタジエンの生成を確認した。得られたブタジエン(バイオマス由来ブタジエン)のバイオマス比率を示すpMCの値は、108%であった。
製造例1〜4で得られたバイオマス由来ブタジエン(1,3−ブタジエン)を混合したものを、モノマー成分として使用してBBR(本発明のバイオマス由来ゴムに相当)の合成を行った。
<触媒の調整>
オクタン酸ネオジム(0.09mmol)のシクロヘキサン溶液、メチルアルモキサン(2.7mmol)のトルエン溶液、水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウム(4.7mmol)および四塩化ケイ素のシクロヘキサン溶液(0.09mmol)をネオジムの5倍量の1,3−ブタジエン(バイオマス由来ブタジエン)と50℃で30分間反応熟成させた。
<BBRの合成>
チッ素置換した内容積5リットルのオートクレーブに、チッ素下、シクロヘキサン2.4kg、1,3−ブタジエン(バイオマス由来ブタジエン)300gを仕込んだ。これらに、あらかじめ調整した触媒を投入し、50℃で30分間重合を行った。
重合終了後、2,4−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール0.3gをメタノール溶液として添加し、脱溶媒した後乾燥して、バイオマスポリブタジエンゴム(BBR)を250g得た。得られたBBRのバイオマス比率を示すpMCは105%、Tgは−110℃、シス含量は99.0質量%、Mw/Mnは2.1であった。
BR:日本ゼオン(株)製のNipol BR1220
BBR:製造例5により得られたバイオマスポリブタジエンゴム(本発明のバイオマス由来ゴムに相当)
NR:RSS#3(Tg:−75℃)
カーボンブラック:三菱化学(株)製のシーストN220(N2SA:114m2/g)
シリカ:エボニックデグッサ社製のウルトラシルVN3(平均一次粒子径:15nm、N2SA:175m2/g)
シランカップリング剤:エボニックデグッサ社製のSi75
酸化亜鉛:三井金属鉱業(株)製の亜鉛華1号
ステアリン酸:日油(株)製のステアリン酸「椿」
オイル:(株)ジャパンエナジー製のプロセスX−140
老化防止剤:住友化学(株)製のアンチゲン6C(N−(1,3−ジメチルブチル)−N’−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン)
ワックス:大内新興化学工業(株)製のサンノックN
硫黄:軽井沢硫黄(株)製の粉末硫黄
加硫促進剤(1):大内新興化学工業(株)製のノクセラーCZ(N−シクロヘキシル−2−ベンゾチアゾリルスルフェンアミド)
加硫促進剤(2):大内新興化学工業(株)製のノクセラーD(N,N’−ジフェニルグアニジン)
表1に示す配合処方にしたがい、1.7Lバンバリーミキサーを用いて、硫黄及び加硫促進剤以外の薬品を混練りした。次に、オープンロールを用いて、得られた混練り物に硫黄及び加硫促進剤を添加して練り込み、未加硫ゴム組成物を得た。次に、得られた未加硫ゴム組成物を170℃で15分間、2mm厚の金型でプレス加硫し、加硫ゴム組成物(加硫ゴムシート)を得た。
JIS K6253に準じ、タイプA硬さ計にて−10℃で測定した。
結果は、比較例1を100として指数表示した。指数が小さいほど、硬度が低く、低温特性(雪上グリップ性能、氷上グリップ性能等)に優れる。
粘弾性スペクトロメーターVES((株)岩本製作所製)を用いて、温度−100〜100℃、動歪み0.5%の条件下で各配合のtanδのピーク値を測定し、その測定値をTgとした。
粘弾性スペクトロメーターVES((株)岩本製作所製)を用いて、温度70℃、初期歪み10%、動歪み2%の条件下で各配合のtanδを測定し、比較例1のtanδを100として、下記計算式により指数表示した。指数が大きいほど転がり抵抗性(低燃費性)に優れる。
(転がり抵抗指数)=(比較例1のtanδ)/(各配合のtanδ)×100
JIS K6260に従って、屈曲亀裂発生試験を行なった。試験条件は50万回繰返し屈曲させたのち、クラックの状態を指数で評価した。比較例1を100として指数表示した。指数が大きいほど耐屈曲疲労性に優れる。
ランボーン型摩耗試験機を用いて、室温、負荷荷重1.0kgf、スリップ率30%の条件で摩耗量を測定した。摩耗量の逆数を、比較例1を100として指数表示した。指数が大きいほど耐摩耗性に優れる。
22 加熱装置(電気炉)
23 脱水反応用カラム
24 冷却装置
25 加熱装置
26 二段目反応カラム
27 冷却装置
28 循環ライン
Claims (5)
- バイオマス由来のエタノール、エチレン、及び不飽和カルボン酸類からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のバイオマス由来成分から触媒反応によりブタジエンを調製する工程(A)と、
前記工程(A)により調製したブタジエンを重合することにより、ASTMD6866−10に準拠して測定したpMC(percent Modern Carbon)が1%以上、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が−120〜−80℃であるバイオマス由来ブタジエンゴムを調製する工程(B)とを含むタイヤ用ゴム組成物の製造方法。 - 前記不飽和カルボン酸類が、チグリン酸及び/又はアンゲリカ酸である請求項1記載のタイヤ用ゴム組成物の製造方法。
- 前記工程(B)において、由来が異なる複数のブタジエンを重合する請求項1又は2に記載のタイヤ用ゴム組成物の製造方法。
- バイオマス由来のエタノール、エチレン、及び不飽和カルボン酸類からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のバイオマス由来成分から触媒反応によりブタジエンを調製する工程(A)と、
前記工程(A)により調製したブタジエンを重合することにより、ASTMD6866−10に準拠して測定したpMC(percent Modern Carbon)が1%以上、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が−120〜−80℃であるバイオマス由来ブタジエンゴムを調製する工程(B)とを含むタイヤ部材の製造方法。 - バイオマス由来のエタノール、エチレン、及び不飽和カルボン酸類からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のバイオマス由来成分から触媒反応によりブタジエンを調製する工程(A)と、
前記工程(A)により調製したブタジエンを重合することにより、ASTMD6866−10に準拠して測定したpMC(percent Modern Carbon)が1%以上、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が−120〜−80℃であるバイオマス由来ブタジエンゴムを調製する工程(B)とを含む空気入りタイヤの製造方法。
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US14/413,665 US9657121B2 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-24 | Rubber composition for tire, tire member, method for producing biomass-derived rubber, and pneumatic tire |
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CN201380036822.9A CN104428360B (zh) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-24 | 轮胎用橡胶组合物、轮胎部件、源自生物质的橡胶的制造方法和充气轮胎 |
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Cited By (2)
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US9657121B2 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2017-05-23 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Rubber composition for tire, tire member, method for producing biomass-derived rubber, and pneumatic tire |
JP2014231605A (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-12-11 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物、タイヤ部材、及び空気入りタイヤ |
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