JP5609307B2 - 透明導電性支持体 - Google Patents
透明導電性支持体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5609307B2 JP5609307B2 JP2010141306A JP2010141306A JP5609307B2 JP 5609307 B2 JP5609307 B2 JP 5609307B2 JP 2010141306 A JP2010141306 A JP 2010141306A JP 2010141306 A JP2010141306 A JP 2010141306A JP 5609307 B2 JP5609307 B2 JP 5609307B2
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- conductive layer
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
本発明では、前記基板として、プラスチックフィルム、プラスチック板、ガラスなどを用いることができ、軽量性と柔軟性の観点から透明プラスチックフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
本発明の透明導電性支持体は、基板表面にシランカップリング剤を塗布することにより形成された下引き層を有していることを特徴とする。
本発明における導電層は、金属の細線パターン(以下、細線、または細線パターン)からなる第一導電層と、導電性ポリマーからなる第二導電層から構成される。
まず支持体上に第一導電層として、金属の細線パターンを形成する。
前記金属の細線パターンは金属粒子のペーストを印刷することにより設けることが好ましい。印刷後、導電性を高めるために、加熱し焼成する。基材にPETフィルムを用いる場合、焼成の温度は110℃以下が好ましい。前記金属粒子は、高い導電性が得られることから、金属ナノ粒子が好ましい。
さらに、第二導電層として、パターン形成された第一導電層を被覆するように、導電性ポリマーからなる分散液を塗布、乾燥して膜形成する。第二導電層の塗布は、前述のグラビア印刷法、フレキソ印刷法、スクリーン印刷法等の印刷方法に加えて、ロールコート法、バーコート法、ディップコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、キャスティング法、ダイコート法、ブレードコート法、バーコート法、グラビアコート法、カーテンコート法、スプレーコート法、ドクターコート法、インクジェット法等の塗布法を用いることができる。
本発明の導電性ポリマーはπ共役系導電性高分子とポリアニオンとを含んで成る導電性ポリマーであることが好ましい。こうした導電性ポリマーは、後述するπ共役系導電性高分子を形成する前駆体モノマーを、適切な酸化剤と酸化触媒と後述のポリアニオンの存在下で化学酸化重合することによって容易に製造できる。
本発明に用いるπ共役系導電性高分子としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ポリチオフェン(基本のポリチオフェンを含む、以下同様)類、ポリピロール類、ポリインドール類、ポリカルバゾール類、ポリアニリン類、ポリアセチレン類、ポリフラン類、ポリパラフェニレンビニレン類、ポリアズレン類、ポリパラフェニレン類、ポリパラフェニレンサルファイド類、ポリイソチアナフテン類、ポリチアジル類の鎖状導電性ポリマーを利用することができる。中でも、導電性、透明性、安定性等の観点からポリチオフェン類やポリアニリン類が好ましい。ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェンであることが最も好ましい。
前駆体モノマーは、分子内にπ共役系を有し、適切な酸化剤の作用によって高分子化した際にもその主鎖にπ共役系が形成されるものである。例えば、ピロール類及びその誘導体、チオフェン類及びその誘導体、アニリン類及びその誘導体等が挙げられる。
前記ポリアニオンは、置換若しくは未置換のポリアルキレン、置換若しくは未置換のポリアルケニレン、置換若しくは未置換のポリイミド、置換若しくは未置換のポリアミド、置換若しくは未置換のポリエステル及びこれらの共重合体であって、アニオン基を有する構成単位とアニオン基を有さない構成単位とからなるものである。
本発明における水酸基含有非導電性ポリマーとしては、ポリマー(A)が用いられる。
ポリマー(A)の主たる共重合成分は下記モノマーM1、M2、M3からなり、共重合成分の50mol%以上の成分が該モノマーのいずれか、あるいは、合計が50mol%以上ある共重合ポリマーである。該モノマー成分の合計が80mol%以上であることがより好ましく、さらに、いずれか単独のモノマーから形成されたホモポリマーであっても良く、また、好ましい実施形態である。
モノマーM2 CH2=C(X2)COO−R2−OH
モノマーM3 CH2=C(X3)CONH−R3−OH
式中、X1〜X3は、水素原子またはメチル基、R1〜R3はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数5以下のアルキレン基を示す。
図を用いて有機電子素子の構成を説明する。図2において、基板(10)上に対向する第一電極(11)と第二電極(12)を有し、第一電極(11)と第二電極(12)電極間に少なくとも1層の有機機能層(13)を有する。本発明において第一電極(11)は、金属ナノ粒子からなる第一導電層(14)と、導電性ポリマーと水酸基含有非導電性ポリマーとからなる第二導電層(15)を含み、導電性ポリマーと水酸基含有非導電性ポリマーからなる第二導電層は、金属ナノ粒子からなる第一導電層の隙間に充填されている。
(有機EL素子)
〔有機発光層〕
本発明において有機発光層を有する有機電子素子は、有機発光層に加えて、ホール注入層、ホール輸送層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、ホールブロック層、電子ブロック層などの有機発光層と併用して発光を制御する層を有しても良い。本発明の導電性ポリマー含有層はホール注入層として働くことも可能であるので、ホール注入層を兼ねることも可能だが、独立にホール注入層を設けても良い。
(i)(第一電極部)/発光層/電子輸送層/(第二電極部)
(ii)(第一電極部)/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/(第二電極部)
(iii)(第一電極部)/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔ブロック層/電子輸送層/(第二電極部)
(iv)(第一電極部)/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔ブロック層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/(第二電極部)
(v)(第一電極部)/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔ブロック層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/(第二電極部)
ここで、発光層は、発光極大波長が各々430〜480nm、510〜550nm、600〜640nmの範囲にある単色発光層であってもよく、また、これらの少なくとも3層の発光層を積層して白色発光層としたものであってもよく、さらに発光層間には非発光性の中間層を有していてもよい。本発明の有機EL素子としては、白色発光層であることが好ましい。
本発明において第二電極は有機EL素子においては陰極となる。本発明の第二電極部は導電材単独層であっても良いが、導電性を有する材料に加えて、これらを保持する樹脂を併用してもよい。第二電極部の導電材としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。
有機光電変換素子は、第一電極部、バルクヘテロジャンクション構造(p型半導体層およびn型半導体層)を有する光電変換層(以下、バルクヘテロジャンクション層とも呼ぶ)、第二電極部が積層された構造を有する。
光電変換層は、光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する層であって、p型半導体材料とn型半導体材料とを一様に混合したバルクヘテロジャンクション層を構成している。p型半導体材料は、相対的に電子供与体(ドナー)として機能し、n型半導体材料は、相対的に電子受容体(アクセプター)として機能する。
基板材料として、両面に易接着加工された125μmの厚さのポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、テトロンO3)を、170℃で30分アニール加熱処理したものを用いた。
パーヒドロポリシラザン(PHPS)の20質量%ジブチルエーテル溶液
AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ(株)製アクアミカ NN320
ワイヤレスバーにて、乾燥後の(平均)膜厚が、0.30μmとなるように塗布し、塗布試料を得た。
得られた塗布試料を温度85℃、湿度55%RHの雰囲気下で1分処理し、乾燥試料を得た。
乾燥試料をさらに温度25℃、湿度10%RH(露点温度−8℃)の雰囲気下に10分間保持し、除湿処理を行った。
除湿処理を行った試料を下記の条件で改質処理を行い、ガスバリア層を形成した。改質処理時の露点温度は−8℃で実施した。
株式会社 エム・ディ・コム製エキシマ照射装置MODEL:MECL−M−1−200、波長172nm、ランプ封入ガス Xe
稼動ステージ上に固定した試料を以下の条件で改質処理を行った。
エキシマ光強度 60mW/cm2(172nm)
試料と光源の距離 1mm
ステージ加熱温度 70℃
照射装置内の酸素濃度 1%
エキシマ照射時間 3秒
上記のようにしてガスバリア性を有する透明電極用基板を作成した。
上記透明電極用基板上に下表の下引き処理を施した。
上記で得られた下引層付きの透明電極用基板上に、下表の第一導電層パターニングを施した。
上記で得られた第一導電層パターニング済み透明電極用基板上に、下表の第二導電層パターニングを施した。
作製した各透明電極において、パターン辺長20mmの正方形タイル状透明パターン一個が中央に配置される様に30mm角に切り出し、第一電極(陽極)に用いて、以下の手順でそれぞれ有機EL素子を作製した。
〈表面比抵抗の測定〉
第二導電層のパターニング終了後、透明電極の表面比抵抗を測定した。
第二導電層のパターニング終了後、透明電極の透過率を測定した。
下記方法で、作製した各有機EL素子の発光ムラおよび折り曲げ耐性について測定し評価した。
輝度ムラは、KEITHLEY製ソースメジャーユニット2400型を用いて、各有機EL素子に直流電圧を印加して輝度が1000cd/m2になるよう発光させ、発光状態を下記基準で目視評価した。
○:殆ど均一発光しており、問題ない
△:部分的に若干発光ムラが見られるが、許容できる
×:全面に渡って発光ムラが見られ、許容できない
××:発光しない
〈折り曲げ耐性〉
有機EL素子を直径50mmの円筒形ステンレス棒の曲面に沿わせて巻きつけ3秒間保持することを1回の折り曲げ試験とし、所定回数(1回、10回、100回)の折り曲げを行った。複数の折り曲げを行う際には、3秒の間隔をおいて折り曲げを行った。所定回数の折り曲げ試験を行った後、上記の輝度ムラを測定し、同様の基準で目視評価を行った。
11 第一電極
12 第二電極
13 有機機能層
14 第一導電層
15 第二導電層
Claims (8)
- 前記シランカップリング剤の少なくとも一部が、メルカプト基、アミノ基のいずれかの基を分子内に有する化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透明導電性支持体。
- 前記第二導電層に含まれる水酸基含有非導電性ポリマーが、炭素数5以下のヒドロキシアルキル基を有するポリヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレートであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の透明導電性支持体
。 - 前記第二導電層に含有される導電性ポリマーが、ポリスルホン酸でドープされたポリチオフェン誘導体であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の透明導電性支持体。
- 前記基板表面にエキシマ処理を施した後に、シランカップリング剤を塗布することにより下引き層を形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性支持体。
- 前記基板が表面に水分および酸素を遮断するバリア層を設けた樹脂フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性支持体。
- 前記第一導電層が、銀微粒子からなるペーストを印刷方式により細線状にパターニングし、かつ焼成することにより形成された細線状電極であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性支持体。
- 前記銀微粒子が、平均粒径30nm以下の銀ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の透明導電性支持体。
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