JP5596749B2 - 視力障害の治療のためのレチナール誘導体およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
視力障害の治療のためのレチナール誘導体およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本研究は、国立健康研究所の国立眼研究所より米国公衆衛生サービス基金EY09339の支援を受けた。政府は、本発明にある権利を有する。
9−シス−レチニルエステルは、LCAのマウスモデルの視覚色素を回復させる。LRAT−/−マウスは、全トランス−レチニルパルミテート、全トランス−レチニルアセテート、あるいは9−シスレチニルアセテートでガバージュされるのは、図1の説明文のとおりである。続いての処置は、レチノイドが眼および肝臓から抽出され、HPLCにより解析される。図1の左に示すとおり、マウスの処置で、9−シス−レチニルアセテートによるもののみ合成9−シス−レチナールオキシムの存在が回復され、全トランス−レチニル同族体によるものでは回復されない。これらのマウスでは、発色団の生成と、視力の回復が見られる。レチノイドの重大な貯留は、肝臓では観測されず、LRATが非常に発現しており、ヒトLCAのこの動物モデルには、レチノイドによる低度の毒性がある、あるいは毒性がないことを示している。9−シス−レチニルエステルは、約5hr(図2)で視覚色素を回復させる。一方、過剰なレチノイドは取り除かれて代謝される(9−シス−レチノールに図示されるとおりである)。
ビタミンAおよびその誘導体は、光に照射されて異性化する。例えば、Rao et al.(Tetrahedron Letters 31:3441−44(1990))は、広い波長の紫外線を使用した全トランス−レチノールアセテート(ビタミンAの誘導体)の光異性化は全トランス−、13−シス、および9−シスレチノールアセテート異性体の混合物を生成できることを示す。しかしながら、この方法は、通常は効果的ではなく、そのようなレチノイドを少量しか生成できない。
全トランス−レチノイドの溶液は、メタノールに1mg/mLの濃度で作られる。この溶液は、ガラスのペトリ皿に付加され、Bio−Rad GS Genelinkerのストック電球を8wattのF8T5電球に取り替えて使用することにより365nmの紫外線にさらされる。時間の長さは対象のレチノイドにより変わる。この波長は効果的である。より短い波長の光はすぐにレチノイドを破壊するからである。紫外線の処置に続き、溶液は乾かされて、ヘキサンに溶かされて、正常相のHPLCを使用して浄化される。変換収率は、それぞれの全トランス誘導体により変化する。異性化していない全トランス誘導体、あるいは13−シスまたは11−シス誘導体は、その後の反復において再利用することができ、それにより収率が向上する。
全トランス−レチニルアセテートからの9−シス−レチニルアセテートの生成。全トランス−レチニルアセテート(Sigma # R4632)は、メタノールで1mg/mlの濃度に溶かされる。溶液はガラスのペトリ皿に注がれて、365nmの紫外線で照射され、異性化を引き起こす(図3)。2分間の照射は異性体の混合、〜25% 9−シスレチニルアセテートを生成するのは、HPLC(図4)に示すとおりである。
Lrat−/−マウスの眼の9−シス−RALオキシム(syn−およびanti−9−シス−レチニルアルデヒドとして測定)の、9−シス−レチニルアセテート(9−シス−R−Ac)の一回の投与あるいは複数回の投与の後のレベル。9−シス−R−Acは、500μl(2.5mg/ml)の量のベジタブル油(100%カノーラ油)での口径投与により、Lrat−/−マウスに投与される。マウスは約30から50gの重さである。3日後、9−シス−RALオキシムのレベルがHPLCにより測定される。すなわち、解剖したマウスの眼からのレチノイドの抽出、誘導体化、および分離に関する実験の全手続は、前述のとおりに行なわれる。Van Hooser et al.,J.Biol.Chem.277:19173−182(2002);Van Hooser et al.,Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,97:8623−28(2000);Maeda et al.,J.Neurochem.85:944−56(2003)を参照されたい。レチノイドに関する全ての反応は、暗赤色灯の下で行なわれる。
発色団(オプシン/レチナール混合物)のレベルは 全トランス−レチノイドイソフォームあるいは9−シス−レチニルコハク酸エステルの投与の後、マウスの眼の中で測定される。全トランス−レチニルパルミチン酸、全トランス−レチニルアセテート、全トランス−レチナール(ビタミンAアルデヒド)、全トランス−レチノール(ビタミンA)、全トランス−レチニルコハク酸エステルおよび9−シス−レチニルコハク酸エステルは、経口投与によりLrat−/−マウスに投与される。5ミリグラムのレチノイドイソフォームあるいは9−シス−レチニルコハク酸エステルは、100%カノーラ油に40mg/mlの濃度で投与される。3日後、発色団(全トランス−レチナールオキシムあるいは9−シス−レチナールオキシムとして)のレベルは、前述のとおりに測定される。Van Hooser et al.,J.Biol.Chem.277:19173−182(2002);Van Hooser et al.,Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,97:8623−28(2000);Maeda et al.,J.Neurochem.85:944−56(2003)を参照されたい。レチノイドに関する全ての反応は、暗赤色灯の下で行なわれる。
LRAT−/−モデルに経口投与された9−シス−レチンアルデヒドと9−シス−レチニルアセテートの生物学的利用率の比較。9−シス−レチンアルデヒドと9−シス−レチニルアセテートが、少量(10μmoles)および高用量(15μmoles)LRAT−/−マウスに投与される。発色団のレベル(9−シス−レチナールオキシムとして)は、前述のとおりに測定される。Van Hooser et al.,J.Biol.Chem.277:19173−182(2002);Van Hooser et al.,Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,97:8623−28(2000);Maeda et al.,J.Neurochem.85:944−56(2003)を参照されたい。レチノイドに関する全ての反応は、暗赤色灯の下で行なわれる。
Claims (25)
- ヒト被験体における内因性11−シス−レチナール不足を治療するための医薬組成物であって、合成レチナール誘導体及び薬学的に容認可能な賦形剤を含んでなり、
ここで、前記合成レチナール誘導体は9−シス−レチニルエステル、11−シス−レチニルエステル、又はその組み合わせであり;
ここで、エステル置換基は、C 1 ないしC 10 モノカルボン酸又はC 2 ないしC 22 ポリカルボン酸のカルボキシレートラジカルを含んでなり;
ここで、上記組成物は、1日あたり1〜4回投与するための経口投薬として製剤化される、医薬組成物。 - 1日1回投与するための経口投薬として製剤化される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- レチニルエステルを1.0〜1000mgの投薬量で経口投与するために製剤化される、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- レチニルエステルを10〜250mgの経口投薬量として製剤化される、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1日1〜3回投与するための10〜250mgのレチニルエステルの経口投薬として製剤化される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 錠剤、丸薬、サチェット、又は硬若しくは軟ゼラチンのカプセルの形態である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤がカノーラ油である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト被験体における内因性11−シス−レチナール不足を治療するための医薬組成物であって、合成レチナール誘導体及び容認可能な許容される賦形剤を含んでなり、
ここで、前記合成レチナール誘導体は9−シス−レチニルエステル、11−シス−レチニルエステル、又はその組み合わせであり;
ここで、エステル置換基は、C 1 ないしC 10 モノカルボン酸又はC 2 ないしC 22 ポリカルボン酸のカルボキシレートラジカルを含んでなり;
ここで、上記組成物は、1週間あたり1回又は複数回投与するための点眼薬、眼内注射又は眼周囲注射として投与するために製剤化される、医薬組成物。 - 1回投薬あたりレチニルエステルが0.01〜90mg投薬される点眼薬として製剤化される、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- レチニルエステルが0.01〜25mg投薬される点眼薬として製剤化される、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- レチニルエステルが0.01〜50mg投薬される点眼薬として製剤化される、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1週間あたり1〜5回投与するための点眼薬として製剤化される、請求項8〜11のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1週間あたり1〜3回投与するための点眼薬として製剤化される、請求項8〜11のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1日あたり1回又は複数回投与するための点眼薬として製剤化される、請求項8〜11のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1週間あたり1〜4回レチニルエステルの0.001〜500mgの投薬量を投与するための注射用に製剤化される、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1週間あたり1〜5回レチニルエステルの1.0〜300mgの投薬量を投与するための注射用に製剤化される、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1週間あたり1〜3回レチニルエステルの1.0〜300mgの投薬量を投与するための注射用に製剤化される、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 眼科用適合剤、緩衝剤、界面活性剤、安定剤又は保存料をさらに含む、請求項8〜17いずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 薬学的に容認可能な賦形剤が食塩水である、請求項8〜15のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 内因性11−シス−レチナール不足が、夜間視力及びコントラスト感度の喪失と関連し、ヒト被験体が加齢したヒト被験体である、請求項8〜19のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 加齢したヒト対象が、少なくとも45歳、少なくとも50歳、少なくとも60歳、又は少なくとも65歳である、請求項18に記載の医薬組成物。
- 9−シス−レチニルエステルが、9−シス−レチニルアセテート、9−シス−レチニルコハク酸エステル、9−シス−レチニルクエン酸エステル、9−シス−レチニルケトグルタル酸エステル、9−シス−レチニルフマル酸エステル、9−シス−レチニルリンゴ酸エステル、及び9−シス−レチニルオキサロアセテートから選択される、請求項1〜22に記載の医薬組成物。
- 9−シス−レチニルエステルが9−シス−レチニルアセテートである、請求項23に記載の医薬組成物。
- 11−シス−レチニルエステルが、11−シス−レチニルコハク酸エステル、11−シス−レチニルクエン酸エステル、11−シス−レチニルケトグルタル酸エステル、11−シス−レチニルフマル酸エステル、11−シス−レチニルリンゴ酸エステル、及び11−シス−レチニルオキサロアセテートから選択される、請求項1〜24に記載の医薬組成物。
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