JP5308435B2 - 化学的物質および生物学的物質の除染用の繊維 - Google Patents
化学的物質および生物学的物質の除染用の繊維 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5308435B2 JP5308435B2 JP2010502979A JP2010502979A JP5308435B2 JP 5308435 B2 JP5308435 B2 JP 5308435B2 JP 2010502979 A JP2010502979 A JP 2010502979A JP 2010502979 A JP2010502979 A JP 2010502979A JP 5308435 B2 JP5308435 B2 JP 5308435B2
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- 229950010357 tetrodotoxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CFMYXEVWODSLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrodotoxin Natural products C12C(O)NC(=N)NC2(C2O)C(O)C3C(CO)(O)C1OC2(O)O3 CFMYXEVWODSLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LZAJKCZTKKKZNT-PMNGPLLRSA-N trichothecene Chemical compound C12([C@@]3(CC[C@H]2OC2C=C(CCC23C)C)C)CO1 LZAJKCZTKKKZNT-PMNGPLLRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930013292 trichothecene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002435 venom Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000611 venom Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
- D01D5/0038—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion the fibre formed by solvent evaporation, i.e. dry electro-spinning
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- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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- A62D5/00—Composition of materials for coverings or clothing affording protection against harmful chemical agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
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Description
生物学的危険物および化学的危険物に起因する脅威は常に存在してきた。このような脅威には、戦争、偶発的な化学物質漏出、感染症の大発生、および薬剤の漏出を伴う産業事故などが含まれる。健康に対する潜在的な脅威をヒトおよび動物に与える化学的物質には、ホスゲン(肺に損傷を与えるか、または窒息させる物質)、SOx、NOx、マスタードガス(びらん性毒ガス)、メチルホスホノチオラート(神経作用物質)、およびシアン化水素(シアン)などの毒が含まれる。健康に対する潜在的な脅威をヒトおよび動物に与える生物学的物質には、SARS、鳥インフルエンザ、天然痘、および出血熱を引き起こすもののようなウイルス、疫病、コレラ、およびジフテリアを引き起こすもののような細菌に由来するもの、ならびに炭疽(Anthrax)毒素、ボツリヌス(Botulinum)毒素、およびサキシトキシンなどの様々な兵器剤が含まれる。たいていの場合は、このような作用物質への短時間の直接的曝露は致死的であるか、またはヒトおよび動物に永久的損傷をもたらし得る。
第1の局面によれば、解毒粒子(detoxifying particle)を含む、ナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズの繊維が提供される。
解毒粒子を含むナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズの繊維を提供する段階;および
毒性物質の少なくとも一部を解毒するための条件下で、該繊維を該毒性物質と接触させる段階。
本明細書において使用される次の単語および用語は、以下に指定する意味を有するものとする。
[請求項1001]
解毒粒子を含む、ナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズの繊維。
[請求項1002]
解毒粒子がナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズである、請求項1001記載の繊維。
[請求項1003]
ポリマーを含む、請求項1001記載の繊維。
[請求項1004]
ポリマーが毒性物質に対する吸着剤である、請求項1001記載の繊維。
[請求項1005]
吸着剤ポリマーが、ポリスルホン、ポリウレタン、ポリカルボナート、およびそれらの組合せからなる群より選択される、請求項1004記載の繊維。
[請求項1006]
ポリマー繊維が紡糸溶液から電解紡糸される、請求項1003記載の繊維。
[請求項1007]
解毒粒子が、金属、金属酸化物、金属酸化物ハロゲン付加体、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項1001記載の繊維。
[請求項1008]
解毒粒子が、次の群、MgO、CaO、BaO、TiO 2 、SrO、ZnO、Mn 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 、FeO、ZrO 2 、V 2 O 3 、V 2 O 5 、CuO、NiO、Al 2 O 3 、CeO 2 、SnO 2 、Fe 3 O 4 、MnO、Cu 2 O、Nb 2 O 5 、InO 3 、HfO 2 、Cr 2 O 3 、Ta 2 O 5 、Ga 2 O 3 、Y 2 O 3 、MoO 3 、Co 3 O 4 SiO 2 、ZnO、Ag 2 O、Ag、MgO/Al 2 O 3 、MgO/Cl 2 、MgO/I 2 、およびMgO/Br 2 の内の任意の1つまたは複数より選択される、請求項1007記載の繊維。
[請求項1009]
紡糸溶液が解毒粒子を含む、請求項1006記載の繊維。
[請求項1010]
複数の解毒粒子がその中に懸濁された紡糸溶液を電界紡糸して、該解毒粒子を含むナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズの繊維を形成させる段階を含む、繊維を作製するための方法。
[請求項1011]
解毒粒子がナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズである、請求項1010記載の方法。
[請求項1012]
解毒粒子が、金属、金属酸化物、金属酸化物ハロゲン付加体、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項1010記載の方法。
[請求項1013]
解毒粒子が、次の群、MgO、CaO、BaO、TiO 2 、SrO、ZnO、Mn 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 、FeO、ZrO 2 、V 2 O 3 、V 2 O 5 、CuO、NiO、Al 2 O 3 、CeO 2 、SnO 2 、Fe 3 O 4 、MnO、Cu 2 O、Nb 2 O 5 、InO 3 、HfO 2 、Cr 2 O 3 、Ta 2 O 5 、Ga 2 O 3 、Y 2 O 3 、MoO 3 、Co 3 O 4 SiO 2 、ZnO、Ag 2 O、Ag、MgO/Al 2 O 3 、MgO/Cl 2 、MgO/I 2 、およびMgO/Br 2 の内の任意の1つまたは複数より選択される、請求項1012記載の方法。
[請求項1014]
電界紡糸する段階の間に、解毒粒子が紡糸溶液中に懸濁される、請求項1010記載の繊維。
[請求項1015]
紡糸溶液がポリマー溶液を含む、請求項1010記載の方法。
[請求項1016]
複数のつながれたナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズの繊維を含み、該繊維がそれぞれ解毒粒子を含む、毒性物質を解毒するための物品。
[請求項1017]
繊維で作った膜である、請求項1016記載の物品。
[請求項1018]
毒性物質の解毒における、請求項1016記載の物品の使用。
[請求項1019]
請求項1016記載の物品を毒性物質と接触させる段階を含む、毒性物質を解毒する方法。
毒性物質を少なくともある程度解毒することができる粒子を含むナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズの繊維の例示的で非限定的な態様を以下に開示する。また、開示される繊維を合成する方法も開示される。
毒性物質を少なくともある程度解毒することができる粒子を含むナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズの繊維が提供される。繊維を織って、毒性物質を解毒するために使用できる物品にすることができる。例えば、繊維を織って布にする場合、繊維を含む布を用いて、毒性物質を吸着し、次いで解毒することができる。毒性物質は、液体および/または蒸気の形態であってよい。処理すべき毒性物質が液状形態であり、表面に存在する場合、繊維を含む布を用いて、毒性物質を吸着および解毒することの両方ができる。
前述したように、いくつかの態様において、粒子は金属酸化物である。金属酸化物粒子は、非加水分解的なゾル-ゲル方法、エーロゲル方法、ソルボサーマル法、エマルジョン沈殿、および従来の粉砕方法からなる群より選択される方法によって合成することができる。ゾル-ゲル処理を用いて金属酸化物をベースとするナノサイズの材料を合成するための例示的な方法は、米国特許第6,986,818号で開示されており、例示的なエーロゲル合成は、Utamapanya et al., Chem. Mater., 3, 175-181で開示されている。
本発明は、具体的な実施例を参照することにより、より詳細にさらに説明されるが、これらの実施例は、本発明の範囲を限定するものとして決して解釈されるべきではない。
不活性雰囲気を作るための窒素の存在下、室温で、マグネシウムおよびメタノール(Merck & Co. Inc., New Jersey)を攪拌することによって、マグネシウムメトキシドを調製した。一晩攪拌後、ゲルを1℃/分の加熱速度で250℃までオートクレーブ加熱し、この温度で15分間維持した。結果として生じる白色粉末を、改良した手順を用いてさらに熱処理に供した。白色粉末を磁製るつぼ中に採取し、1℃/分で室温から220℃まで加熱し、かつ220℃で5時間維持した。オートクレーブの温度を1℃/分で220℃から400℃まで再び上げ、この温度で4時間維持した。合成したMgO材料の表面積は、BET法によって155m2/g であることが判明した。これは、報告されている(Utamapanya et al., Chem. Mater., 3, 175-181)(400m2/g)よりも小さい。
様々な量のMgOナノ粒子(またはAl2O3ナノ粒子)およびポリマー溶液を混合することによって、MgOナノ粒子(またはAl2O3ナノ粒子)の添加重量が異なるポリスルホンポリマー(PSU)、ポリ[(フッ化ビニリデン)-co-(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン)](PVDFコポリマー)、ポリ(塩化ビニル)(PVC)のポリマー溶液を調製した。市販されているナノAl2O3をAldrich社から購入し、この材料をふるいにかけた後、BET法によって表面積が280m2/gであることを見出した。
前述のナノコンポジット膜を成功裡に製作した後、概念実証のため、および適切な膜を選択するために、神経刺激物パラオキソンの解毒試験を実施した。個々のポリマー膜およびMgOナノ粒子を含む膜(図2を参照されたい):(a)ポリスルホンのみに載せたパラオキソン、(b)PVDFコポリマーのみに載せたパラオキソン、(c)MgOを含むポリスルホンに載せたパラオキソン、(d)MgOを含むPVCに載せたパラオキソン、および(e)MgOを含むPVDFコポリマーに載せたパラオキソンに対して、UV調査を実施した。
本明細書において説明する態様によって作製された粒子を含むナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズの繊維は、限定されるわけではないが、表面の漏出物除去、防護服、ろ過媒体、またはガス分離用の材料など様々な目的のために使用することができる。
Claims (19)
- 金属酸化物ハロゲン付加体から構成される解毒粒子を含む、ナノメーターまたはマイクロメーター範囲の直径を有する、電解紡糸繊維。
- 解毒粒子がナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズである、請求項1記載の繊維。
- ポリマーを含む、請求項1記載の繊維。
- ポリマーが毒性物質に対する吸着剤である、請求項1記載の繊維。
- 吸着剤ポリマーが、ポリスルホン、ポリウレタン、ポリカルボナート、およびそれらの組合せからなる群より選択される、請求項4記載の繊維。
- ポリマー繊維が紡糸溶液から電解紡糸される、請求項3記載の繊維。
- 紡糸溶液が、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)中に溶解されたポリマーを含む、請求項6記載の繊維。
- 解毒粒子が、MgO/Cl2、MgO/I2、およびMgO/Br2 からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の繊維。
- 紡糸溶液が解毒粒子を含む、請求項6記載の繊維。
- 複数の解毒粒子がその中に懸濁された紡糸溶液を電界紡糸して、該解毒粒子を含むナノメーターまたはマイクロメーター範囲の直径を有する繊維を形成させる段階を含む、繊維を作製するための方法であって、
該解毒粒子が金属酸化物ハロゲン付加体である、方法。 - 解毒粒子がナノサイズまたはマイクロサイズである、請求項10記載の方法。
- 解毒粒子が、MgO/Cl2、MgO/I2、およびMgO/Br2 からなる群より選択される、請求項10記載の方法。
- 電界紡糸する段階の間に、解毒粒子が紡糸溶液中に懸濁される、請求項10記載の方法。
- 紡糸溶液がポリマー溶液を含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 紡糸溶液がDMFをさらに含む、請求項14記載の方法。
- ナノメーターまたはマイクロメーター範囲の直径を有する、複数のつながれた電解紡糸繊維を含み、該繊維がそれぞれ金属酸化物ハロゲン付加体の解毒粒子を含む、毒性物質を解毒するための物品。
- 繊維で作った膜である、請求項16記載の物品。
- 毒性物質の解毒における、請求項16記載の物品の使用。
- 請求項16記載の物品を毒性物質と接触させる段階を含む、毒性物質を解毒する方法。
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US20100144228A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-10 | Branham Kelly D | Nanofibers Having Embedded Particles |
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EP2155935A4 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
ATE542932T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
WO2008127200A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
CN101680120A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
JP2010526941A (ja) | 2010-08-05 |
EP2155935B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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