JP5203751B2 - Durum flour for noodles or skins, and flour composition for noodles or skins containing the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a durum flour suitable for noodles and skins, and a flour composition for noodles or skins containing the flour.

  Ordinary wheat is hexaploid and is called “ordinary wheat”, while durum wheat is tetraploid and is called “double grain wheat”. As described above, durum wheat is phytologically different from ordinary wheat for strong flour, medium flour and thin flour. The name “durum” of durum wheat is derived from dur which means “hard” in Latin and contains 60% or more (most of which is 75% or more) of vitreous grains. And the protein content rate exceeds 14% on average, it is a hard wheat with high protein content, and the property of the gluten is also different from other wheat. Durum wheat is a milling process different from normal wheat, and is crushed, sieved, and purified (called the braking process, grading process, and purification process) to produce “semolina” free of bran flakes. obtain. The obtained semolina is pulverized by a pulverization step using a plurality of smooth rolls called a reduction step, and sieved to obtain durum wheat flour.

Durum Semolina has a high protein content, is easy to extrude, and tends to form a mesh in the dough, so boiled and heat-denatured gluten produces a hard and elastic texture, such as spaghetti and macaroni It has been particularly preferably used for the production of pasta.
On the other hand, it has been conventionally proposed to use durum semolina or durum wheat flour for various noodles other than pasta as substitutes for wheat flour derived from ordinary wheat. For example, durum wheat or durum semolina is combined with starch to produce raw Chinese noodles (Patent Document 1), and durum flour obtained by further grinding durum semolina is used for Chinese noodles and skins (Patent Document 2). It has been proposed to use a crushed durum wheat so as not to cause thermal denaturation as Chinese noodles, udon or buckwheat flour (Patent Documents 3 and 4).

However, durum flour obtained from durum wheat by these conventional methods is inferior in gluten-forming ability, and the gluten produced therein is excessively stretchable and weak in tensile strength. Moreover, the amount of damaged starch is greater than that of normal wheat flour. For this reason, even if noodles and skins are produced using these durum wheat flours, there are many cases where the characteristics of the original durum wheat cannot be utilized for the texture, aroma and taste of the noodles and skins.
When it comes to wheat for noodles, durum flour is still used only as a partial substitute for ordinary wheat, and it takes full advantage of the original texture, taste and aroma of durum wheat to make noodles and skins. It was not possible to provide durum flour suitable for the kind.
JP-A-4-330256 JP 2006-101728 A JP-A-5-304912 JP-A-5-304916

  An object of the present invention is to improve the product quality of durum flour, which has been widely used in pasta, and to provide noodles and skins having a good texture, taste and aroma.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that durum wheat is extremely hard, unlike ordinary ordinary wheat, so when pulverizing the semolina fraction to obtain durum flour, It came to mind that it was causing an overgrinding state. And in ordinary wheat, the grain of wheat is easily crushed even with weak force, so there is no problem of overgrinding.However, in the case of hard durum wheat, the semolina fraction is not easily crushed. As a result, a strong pressure is applied to the flour grains for a long time. Therefore, the starch grains contained in the wheat flour were crushed, the amount of damaged starch increased and the gluten activity decreased, and the texture was significantly impaired, and various investigations were repeated to prove the correctness of the inference. . That is, by devising the type of roll and the rotation speed ratio in the reduction process, or by changing to another pulverization method, the amount of damaged starch in the durum flour is reduced to 9 by suppressing the excessively pulverized state of the durum flour. It was found that by controlling to less than 5% by mass, the texture, taste and aroma of noodles and skins using durum flour, which was a problem of conventional durum flour, can be remarkably improved.

The present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and by providing a durum flour in which the amount of damaged starch is suppressed to 9.5% by mass or less, and a flour composition for noodles containing 5% by mass or more of the flour. The above-mentioned problems are solved.
That is, the present invention is as described below.
(1) Durum wheat for noodles or crusts with a damaged starch content of 9.5% by mass or less.
(2) A flour composition for noodles or crusts, comprising 5% by mass or more of the durum flour according to (1).
(3) Noodles or skins using the durum flour described in (1) or the flour composition described in (2).

  By using the wheat flour composition containing 5% by mass or more of the durum flour or durum wheat flour of the present invention, it is possible to provide noodles and skins having a good taste and aroma as well as texture. The durum wheat flour of the present invention is very useful as a raw material for noodles and foods.

The durum wheat of the present invention may be any of Canadian durum wheat, American durum wheat, dessert durum wheat, etc. as a raw material wheat, or a mixture thereof.
The durum wheat of the present invention is characterized in that the amount of damaged starch is suppressed to 9.5% by mass or less. Preferably, the amount of damaged starch is 6.0 to 8.0 mass%, more preferably 7.0 to 8.0 mass%. If the amount of damaged starch is more than 9.5% by mass, the texture, taste and aroma of the obtained noodles and skins are inferior, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
“Damaged starch” is a state in which a portion of the starch contained in the wheat flour has been mechanically damaged and the starch granules have been destroyed, especially when pulverized with a smooth roller roll interval. It becomes more susceptible to damage and the amount increases. Since this damaged starch is related to the water permeability of starch granules and the ability to bind to enzymes, it may be quantified as water absorption or fermentation power. Generally, hard wheat flour has a higher amount of damaged starch than soft wheat flour. The water-absorbing capacity of damaged starch appears to be about three times the dry weight, which is much greater than the water-absorbing capacity (1/3) of healthy starch. In addition, the amount of damaged starch of conventional durum wheat flour was 10.5 to 12% by mass.
In the present invention, in order to measure the amount of damaged starch, typically, in accordance with AACC Method 76-31, only damaged starch contained in the sample is decomposed into maltosaccharide and limit dextrin by mold-derived α-amylase. Then, it can be measured by degrading to glucose with amyloglucosidase and quantifying the produced glucose, but a commercially available kit (for example, Starch Damage Assay Kit manufactured by MegaZyme) may be used.

The particle size of the durum wheat flour of the present invention is such that the average particle size is in the range of 60 to 100 μm, and the particle size portion of 200 μm or less is 90% or more, preferably 95% by mass or more, more preferably 100% by mass. .
In the present invention, in order to determine the average particle size of durum flour, the particle size distribution of durum flour may be measured. This particle size distribution can be measured by a dry method using, for example, “Microtrack particle size distribution measuring device 9200FRA” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd. The particle size frequency is the “detection frequency ratio” calculated by analyzing the particle size distribution (see the document “How to Read Microtrack Particle Size Analyzer Measurement Results” attached to the above-mentioned apparatus 9200FRA manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) ).

A preferred method for producing durum flour having a damaged starch content of 9.5% by mass or less will be described below.
First, durum wheat grains carefully selected according to a conventional method are hydrated and tempered, and then the conditioned wheat grains are separated into semolina fractions according to a conventional method by a breaking process, a grading process, and a purification process. Get. The semolina fraction is pulverized in a reduction process to obtain durum flour.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each step until obtaining the semolina fraction is performed according to a conventional method, but the grinding in the reduction step performed on the semolina fraction is performed by any of the following methods (1) to (3): Apply alone or in combination.
(1) A part or all of the plurality of smooth surface rolls used in the reduction process is changed to a conspicuous roll (number of eyes: 8 to 32 eyes / inch).
(2) The rotational speed ratio of the smooth rolls is reduced in some or all pairs of the plurality of smooth rolls. The normal rotation ratio of 1.25 to 1.5: 1 is preferably 1.10 to 1.20: 1.
(3) A part or all of the plurality of smooth rolls is changed to an impact pulverizer that does not increase the amount of damaged starch.

  The noodles referred to in the present invention refers to udon (including somen, hiyagigi, etc.), Chinese noodles, yakisoba, Japanese soba, etc. in addition to pasta. In addition to the dumpling skin, wonton skin and shumai skin, the skin includes spring roll skin and the like. In many cases, spring rolls are generally manufactured by thinly baking batter, and like other skins, durum wheat flour with a damaged starch content of 9.5% by mass or less is preferably used. be able to. Moreover, as means for producing these noodles and skins, any of extrusion, steaming and the like may be used in addition to the usual noodle making method comprising ordinary kneading, rolling and cutting. Spring roll leather is manufactured by a method of baking the dough. The form of the noodles is not particularly limited, such as raw noodles, products that can be eaten directly after cooking, boiled noodles, steamed noodles, frozen noodles, instant noodles, cooked noodles, LL noodles, and the like. For cooking, hot water roasting may be performed, fried, or reheated (range up) with a microwave oven.

The wheat flour composition for noodles or hides of the present invention is a wheat flour composition containing 5% by mass or more of durum flour in which the amount of damaged starch is 9.5% by mass or less, preferably 6.0 to 8.0% by mass. It is.
The blending ratio of the durum flour with the damaged starch amount suppressed to 9.5% by mass or less may be 5% by mass or more depending on the type and form of noodles and skins, desired flavor and texture, etc. The preferable blending ratio can be determined as appropriate.
For example, in the case of pasta, the blending ratio in the flour composition is usually 20 to 100% by mass, preferably 50 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 80 to 100% by mass in fresh pasta and dry pasta. In boiled pasta, frozen pasta, and instant pasta, it is usually in the range of 20 to 90 mass%, preferably 50 to 80 mass%. In the case of udon, the blending ratio in the flour composition is usually 5 to 30% by mass, preferably 10 to 25% by mass. When using the durum wheat flour of the present invention as the Japanese buckwheat flour, 20% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 80 to 100% by mass of the total flour. In Chinese noodles and skins, it is 5% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or more, in dumpling skin, wonton skin, and shumai skin. Further, the blending ratio in the case of spring roll skin is 5% by mass or more, preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, for example, 80 to 100% by mass.

  The wheat flour composition for noodles or crusts of the present invention contains, as a raw material other than durum flour having a damaged starch content of 9.5% by mass or less, ordinary flour (strong flour, semi-strong flour, medium flour, thin flour, durum flour, durum semolina Etc.) In addition to rice flour, corn flour, barley flour, buckwheat flour, etc .; tapioca starch, corn starch, waxy corn starch, wheat starch, potato starch, etc. and their alpha, etherified, esterified, acetyl Processed starches such as chemical and cross-linking treatments can be appropriately blended. Further, egg powder; thickeners; fats and oils; emulsifiers; inorganic salts such as salt; gluten; enzyme agents and other auxiliary raw materials that are usually used in the production of noodles and skins can be used.

  Next, examples are given to describe the present invention more specifically, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Production Example 1]
In a normal durum wheat milling process, a semolina fraction having a particle size of about 200 to 1400 μm was fractionated from the braking process, the grading process, and the purification process. Instead of pulverizing the obtained semolina fraction with a smooth surface roll in the reduction step, after pulverizing using an impact-type fine pulverizer (ACM Pulverizer, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron), the average particle size was determined according to a conventional method (screening) A durum flour having a portion of about 80 μm and a particle size of 200 μm or less of 100% by mass was obtained.

[Production Example 2]
In the reduction step in Example 1, after pulverizing using a sharpening roll (number of eyes: 19 eyes / inch) instead of an impact type fine pulverizer, the average particle diameter was about 75 μm according to a conventional method (sieving), and A durum flour having a particle size of 200 μm or less was 100% by mass.

[Comparative Production Example 1]
In a normal durum wheat milling process, a semolina fraction having a particle size of about 200 to 1400 μm was fractionated from the braking process, the grading process, and the purification process. In the reduction step, the obtained semolina fraction was pulverized with a smooth surface roll according to a conventional method, and the average particle size was about 80 μm and the portion having a particle size of 200 μm or less was 100% by mass according to a conventional method (screening). Durum flour was obtained.

[Test Example 1]
The amount of damaged starch in the durum flour obtained in Production Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Production Example 1 was measured using a commercially available kit (manufactured by MegaZyme, Starch Damage Assay Kit).
Specifically, an α-amylase solution (derived from Aspergillus oryae, 50 unit / ml) is added to 100 mg of each durum wheat flour, followed by vigorous stirring, followed by treatment at 40 ° C. for 10 minutes. Next, 5 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2% v / v) is added to stop the reaction, and centrifugation (3,000 rpm, 5 minutes) is performed to obtain a supernatant. After adding amyloglucosidase solution (derived from Aspergillus niger, 2 unit / 0.1 ml) to 0.1 ml of this supernatant and treating at 40 ° C. for 20 minutes, the absorbance was measured at 510 nm, and the amount of damaged starch was calculated from the obtained absorbance. did. Table 1 shows the amount of damaged starch obtained in each Production Example and Comparative Production Example and the blending amount in the wheat composition.

Examples 1-5 Chinese noodles 100 mass of raw material powder containing Durum flour of Production Example 1 or 2 and commercially available wheat flour for Chinese noodles (Nisshin Flour Mills “Special Number One”) at the blending amounts shown in Table 2. The mixture was put into a mixer for noodle making, and then 1.5 parts by weight of Kansui dissolved in 34 parts by weight of water was added and kneaded at room temperature and normal pressure for 10 minutes to obtain a noodle dough. Next, this noodle dough was combined and rolled to a final noodle strip thickness of 1.5 mm, and then cut into noodle strings using a cutting blade No. 20 to obtain raw Chinese noodles.

Comparative Example 1 Chinese noodles Chinese noodles were produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 5 except that the durum flour obtained in Comparative Production Example 1 was used.

Test Example 1 Evaluation Test Each raw Chinese noodle obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 was put in a plastic bag and placed in a refrigerator (10 ° C.) overnight so as not to dry. The next day, the noodles were boiled for 2 minutes in hot water at about 100 ° C., and the yield was boiled to obtain Chinese noodles with a boil of about 240%. The obtained boiled Chinese noodles were evaluated by 10 panelists according to the evaluation criteria shown in Table 3, and the results are shown in Table 2. In this test example, Chinese noodles obtained using only commercially available wheat flour for Chinese noodles were used as control examples.
Moreover, the boiled yield in this test example refers to the mass ratio of boiled noodles obtained when the used flour (total flour composition) is 100 parts by mass, and is obtained by the following calculation formula.
Boiled yield (%) = mass part of boiled noodles / mass part of flour × 100

Examples 6 to 10 Nihonsoba Durum flour, buckwheat flour (Nisshin Flour Mills “Kamesuyuki”), and commercially available flour (Nisshin Flour Mills “Aushon”) in Production Example 1 or 2 were previously prepared in the mixing ratio shown in Table 4. After mixing, 100 parts by mass of the obtained flour composition was put into a mixer for noodle making. Next, 30 parts by mass of water was added and kneaded for 10 minutes at room temperature and normal pressure to obtain a noodle dough. Next, this noodle dough was combined and rolled to a final noodle band thickness of 1.5 mm, and then cut into noodle strings using a cutting blade No. 20 to obtain Japanese soba.

Comparative Example 2 Nihon Soba Nihon soba was produced by the same production method as in Examples 6 to 10 except that the durum flour of Comparative Production Example 1 was used.

Test Example 2 Evaluation Test Each Japanese soba noodle obtained in Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Example 2 was boiled in hot water at about 100 ° C. for 3 minutes, cooled with cold water (10 ° C.) for 1 minute, and boiled yield was about 260%. I got soba noodles.
The obtained boiled soba noodles were evaluated by 10 panelists according to the evaluation criteria shown in Table 5, and the results are shown in Table 4. In this test example, Japanese buckwheat produced in the same manner as in Examples 6 to 10 using buckwheat flour 30 parts by weight and commercially available buckwheat flour 70 parts by weight was used as a control example.

Examples 11-14 Gyoza skin 100 mass of raw material powder containing Durum flour of Production Example 2 and commercially available flour (Nisshin Flour Mills “Special Number One”) in the blending amounts shown in Table 6 Then, 0.5 parts by mass of sodium chloride dissolved in 34 parts by mass of water was added, and kneaded for 10 minutes at room temperature and normal pressure to obtain a noodle dough. Next, this noodle dough was combined and rolled to a final noodle band thickness of 0.8 mm, and then a dumpling skin having a diameter of 9 cm was used to obtain a dumpling skin.

Comparative Example 3 Dumpling Skin A dumpling skin was produced in the same manner as in Examples 11 to 14 except that the durum wheat flour obtained in Comparative Production Example 1 was used.

Test Example 3 15 g of gyoza ingredients were put into the skin of each dumpling obtained in Evaluation Test Examples 11 to 14 and Comparative Example 3, and molded to obtain gyoza. The oil was poured into a commercially available frying pan, dumplings were added, the mixture was baked for 1 minute, water was added, and the mixture was further baked for 5 minutes.
The obtained dumplings were evaluated by 10 panelists according to the evaluation criteria shown in Table 7, and the results are shown in Table 6. In addition, in this test example, the skin of the dumpling manufactured like Example 11-14 using 100 mass parts of commercially available flour was made into the control example.

Examples 15 to 18 Udon The durum flour of Production Example 1 or 2, commercially available flour (Nisshin Flour “Golden Suzuran”), tapioca starch (J Oil Mills “A700”) are mixed in advance at the blending ratio shown in Table 8. Then, 100 parts by mass of the obtained flour composition was put into a mixer for noodle making. Next, 4 parts by weight of sodium chloride was added to 36 parts by mass of water, and the resulting brine was put into a mixer and kneaded for 10 minutes at room temperature and normal pressure to obtain a noodle dough. Next, this noodle dough was combined and rolled to a final noodle strip thickness of 2.5 mm, and then cut into noodle strings using a cutting blade No. 10 to produce udon.

Comparative Example 4 Udon Udon was produced in the same manner as in Examples 15 to 18 except that the durum flour obtained in Comparative Production Example 1 was used.

Test Example 4 Each of the noodles of Evaluation Test Examples 15 to 18 and Comparative Example 4 was boiled in hot water at about 100 ° C. for 13 minutes, cooled with cold water (10 ° C.) for 1 minute, and boiled at a yield of about 300%. Obtained.
The obtained boiled udon was evaluated by 10 panelists according to the evaluation criteria shown in Table 9, and the results are shown in Table 8. In this test example, 80 parts by weight of commercially available wheat flour for udon (Nisshin Flour “Golden Suzuran”) and 20 parts by weight of starch were used, and udon produced in the same manner as in Examples 15 to 18 was used as a control example. did.

Examples 19 to 22 Spring roll skin In the amount shown in Table 10, 100 mass of raw material powder containing durum flour of Production Example 2 and commercially available flour (“Special Number One” manufactured by Nissin Flour Milling) is used in a vertical mixer. Then, after adding 0.5 parts by mass of salt dissolved in 120 parts by mass of water and kneading at a low temperature for 1 minute at room temperature and normal pressure, scrape off the flour lump adhering to the mixer inner wall and stirring blades, Furthermore, mixing for 1 minute at medium to high speed gave a flour batter. After putting the batter in a plastic bag and stabilizing it overnight in a refrigerator, it is put into the hopper of a spring roll leather making apparatus, and the batter is thinly applied from the dedicated nozzle to the surface of the drum heated to about 160 ° C and fired. Spring rolls were manufactured. The spring roll obtained had a thickness of 0.5 mm, a size of 20 cm × 20 cm, and a weight of 14 g.

Comparative Example 5 Spring roll skin Spring roll skin was produced in the same manner as in Examples 19 to 22 except that the durum flour obtained in Comparative Production Example 1 was used.

Test Example 5 35 g of a spring roll was put into each spring roll skin obtained in Evaluation Test Examples 19 to 22 and Comparative Example 5 and molded to obtain a spring roll. These were fried in soybean white squeezed oil heated to 170 ° C. for about 5 minutes to obtain spring rolls.
The obtained spring rolls were allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours and then evaluated by 10 panelists according to the evaluation criteria shown in Table 11, and the results are shown in Table 10. In this test example, a spring roll peel produced in the same manner as in Examples 19 to 22 using 100 parts by mass of commercially available wheat flour was used as a control example.

Examples 23 to 26 Raw spaghetti 100 mass of raw material powder containing Durum flour of Production Example 2 and commercially available flour (Nisshin Flour Milling “Cameriya”) in the blending amounts shown in Table 4 were put into a mixer for noodle making. Then, 30 parts by mass of water was added and kneaded for 2 minutes at room temperature and normal pressure to obtain a dough. Next, this dough was put into a dough receptacle of a pasta machine and extruded at a vacuum degree of -0.093 MPa to obtain a raw spaghetti having a diameter of 1.7 mm.

Comparative Example 4 Raw Spaghetti Raw spaghetti was produced by the same production method as in Examples 23 to 26 except that the durum flour obtained in Comparative Production Example 1 was used.

Test Example 6 Evaluation Test Each raw spaghetti obtained in Examples 23 to 26 and Comparative Example 6 was boiled in boiling water at about 100 ° C. for 3 minutes, and the yield was boiled to obtain spaghetti with a boil of about 230%. The obtained boiled spaghetti was evaluated by 10 panelists according to the evaluation criteria shown in Table 13, and the results are shown in Table 12. In this test example, fresh spaghetti obtained using only commercially available wheat flour was used as a control example.

Claims (2)

Durum semolina obtained by pulverizing a semolina fraction derived from durum wheat, having an average particle size of 60 to 100 μm, a particle size of 200 μm or less of 90% by mass or more, and a damaged starch amount of 6.0 to 9.5% by mass A wheat flour composition for noodles or skins, comprising 5% by mass or more of derived wheat flour. Noodles or intradermal acids produced using the flour composition of claim 1.