JP5248881B2 - 量子カスケードレーザ - Google Patents
量子カスケードレーザ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5248881B2 JP5248881B2 JP2008048060A JP2008048060A JP5248881B2 JP 5248881 B2 JP5248881 B2 JP 5248881B2 JP 2008048060 A JP2008048060 A JP 2008048060A JP 2008048060 A JP2008048060 A JP 2008048060A JP 5248881 B2 JP5248881 B2 JP 5248881B2
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 198
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 198
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 309
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 43
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005274 electronic transitions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017115 AlSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000208734 Pisonia aculeata Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002109 crystal growth method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001803 electron scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007562 laser obscuration time method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/3401—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers
- H01S5/3402—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers intersubband lasers, e.g. transitions within the conduction or valence bands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/3403—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having a strained layer structure in which the strain performs a special function, e.g. general strain effects, strain versus polarisation
- H01S5/3406—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having a strained layer structure in which the strain performs a special function, e.g. general strain effects, strain versus polarisation including strain compensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/3418—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers using transitions from higher quantum levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34313—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer having only As as V-compound, e.g. AlGaAs, InGaAs
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Description
となるように設定されている。このエネルギーELOは、例えば半導体材料をGaAsとした場合ELO=36meV、InGaAsとした場合ELO=34meVである。
N3max=NS/2
で与えられる。すなわち、レーザ動作時において発振に寄与する電子数は、電子注入層にドーピングされた電子数NSの半分以下に限定される。また、このような構造では、ドーピング濃度の半分以上の電子が注入層内に溜まることから、自由キャリア吸収、あるいはサブバンド間吸収などによって導波路損失が増大する。
N3max=NS
で与えられる。
とし、充分に大きい電流を輸送できるように設計している。また、このときの注入障壁層171の厚さは4.5nmである。
によって与えられる。図4に示した構成例では、緩和時間はそれぞれτ43=0.271psec、τ4low=2.94psecと求められ、電子の注入効率はη=0.9155となる。
Claims (9)
- 半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板上に設けられ、量子井戸発光層及び注入層からなる単位積層体が多段に積層されることで前記量子井戸発光層と前記注入層とが交互に積層されたカスケード構造が形成された活性層とを備え、
前記活性層に含まれる複数の前記単位積層体のそれぞれは、そのサブバンド準位構造において、発光上準位と、発光下準位と、前記発光上準位よりも高いエネルギー準位である注入準位とを前記量子井戸発光層内に有し、
前記量子井戸発光層における前記発光上準位から前記発光下準位への電子のサブバンド間遷移によって光が生成され、前記サブバンド間遷移を経た電子が前記注入層を介して後段の前記単位積層体における前記注入準位へと注入されるとともに、
前記量子井戸発光層はn個(nは2以上の整数)の井戸層を含み、最も前段の注入層側の第1井戸層を注入準位形成用の井戸層として、前記第1井戸層の井戸幅について、前記第1井戸層が単独で存在した場合の基底準位が前記注入準位に対応するように、その井戸幅を前記量子井戸発光層内の他の井戸層よりも薄くして構成されていることを特徴とする量子カスケードレーザ。 - 前記量子井戸発光層は、前記注入準位の波動関数が前記第1井戸層で最大となるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の量子カスケードレーザ。
- 前記注入層は、前記注入層に含まれる複数の井戸層について、同一段の前記量子井戸発光層側から後段の単位積層体側に向かって井戸層厚が単調減少するように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の量子カスケードレーザ。
- 前記単位積層体において、前記注入準位に注入された電子は、縦光学フォノン散乱によって前記注入準位から前記発光上準位へと供給されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の量子カスケードレーザ。
- 前記単位積層体は、前記注入準位から前記発光上準位への電子の緩和時間が、前記発光上準位から前記発光下準位への電子の緩和時間よりも短くなるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の量子カスケードレーザ。
- 前記単位積層体は、前記注入準位から前記発光上準位への電子の緩和時間が、前記注入準位から前記発光上準位よりも低い全ての準位への電子の緩和時間よりも短くなるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の量子カスケードレーザ。
- 前記単位積層体は、そのサブバンド準位構造において、前記発光下準位よりも低いエネルギー準位である緩和準位を有し、
前記サブバンド間遷移を経た電子は、前記発光下準位から前記緩和準位へと緩和された後に、後段の前記単位積層体における前記注入準位へと注入されることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の量子カスケードレーザ。 - 前記単位積層体において、前記サブバンド間遷移を経た電子は、縦光学フォノン散乱によって前記発光下準位から前記緩和準位へと緩和されることを特徴とする請求項7記載の量子カスケードレーザ。
- 前記単位積層体において、前記サブバンド間遷移を経た電子は、ミニバンド内の緩和によって前記発光下準位から前記緩和準位へと緩和されることを特徴とする請求項7記載の量子カスケードレーザ。
Priority Applications (4)
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JP2008048060A JP5248881B2 (ja) | 2008-02-28 | 2008-02-28 | 量子カスケードレーザ |
PCT/JP2009/053286 WO2009107609A1 (ja) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-24 | 量子カスケードレーザ |
EP09715194.8A EP2249444B1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-24 | Quantum cascade laser |
US12/919,289 US8374208B2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-24 | Quantum cascade laser |
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JP2008048060A JP5248881B2 (ja) | 2008-02-28 | 2008-02-28 | 量子カスケードレーザ |
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JP2009206340A JP2009206340A (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
JP5248881B2 true JP5248881B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
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US (1) | US8374208B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2249444B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5248881B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009107609A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2011243781A (ja) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-12-01 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 量子カスケードレーザ |
JP5740865B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-09 | 2015-07-01 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体発光素子 |
JP2012129497A (ja) | 2010-11-26 | 2012-07-05 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 量子カスケードレーザ |
JP5776229B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-07 | 2015-09-09 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 量子カスケードレーザ |
DE102011117278B4 (de) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-07-10 | Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg | Interbandkaskadenlaser-Verstärkermedium |
US9548590B2 (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2017-01-17 | Thorlabs Quantum Electronics, Inc. | Quantum cascade laser design with stepped well active region |
JP2013254764A (ja) | 2012-06-05 | 2013-12-19 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 量子カスケードレーザ |
JP2013254765A (ja) | 2012-06-05 | 2013-12-19 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 量子カスケードレーザ |
CN102957092B (zh) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-10-15 | 上海交通大学无锡研究院 | 一种GaN基半导体光泵浦太赫兹激光器 |
US10096974B2 (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2018-10-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Quantum cascade laser |
WO2016147451A1 (ja) | 2015-03-18 | 2016-09-22 | 株式会社 東芝 | 呼気分析装置 |
JP6371332B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-08-08 | シャープ株式会社 | 量子カスケードレーザ |
Family Cites Families (12)
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US5457709A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1995-10-10 | At&T Ipm Corp. | Unipolar semiconductor laser |
US5509025A (en) | 1994-04-04 | 1996-04-16 | At&T Corp. | Unipolar semiconductor laser |
US5727010A (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1998-03-10 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Article comprising an improved quantum cascade laser |
US5745516A (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-04-28 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Article comprising a unipolar superlattice laser |
EP1195865A1 (fr) | 2000-08-31 | 2002-04-10 | Alpes Lasers SA | Laser à cascades quantiques |
EP1189317A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-03-20 | Alpes Lasers SA | Laser à cascade quantique à excitation par des phonons optiques |
JP2004119814A (ja) | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ユニポーラ多重量子井戸デバイスとその製造方法 |
JP4250573B2 (ja) | 2004-07-16 | 2009-04-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | 素子 |
JP5201544B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-30 | 2013-06-05 | 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 | 量子カスケードレーザ |
JP2008060396A (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-13 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 量子カスケードレーザ |
JP5641667B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-18 | 2014-12-17 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 量子カスケードレーザ |
JP2011243781A (ja) | 2010-05-19 | 2011-12-01 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 量子カスケードレーザ |
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2008
- 2008-02-28 JP JP2008048060A patent/JP5248881B2/ja active Active
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2009
- 2009-02-24 US US12/919,289 patent/US8374208B2/en active Active
- 2009-02-24 EP EP09715194.8A patent/EP2249444B1/en active Active
- 2009-02-24 WO PCT/JP2009/053286 patent/WO2009107609A1/ja active Application Filing
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2009206340A (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
WO2009107609A1 (ja) | 2009-09-03 |
US20110007768A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
EP2249444A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
US8374208B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
EP2249444A4 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
EP2249444B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
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