JP5154218B2 - 2型糖尿病、インスリン抵抗性及びメタボリック症候群の治療及び予防においてスフィンゴ脂質を使用する方法 - Google Patents
2型糖尿病、インスリン抵抗性及びメタボリック症候群の治療及び予防においてスフィンゴ脂質を使用する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5154218B2 JP5154218B2 JP2007503852A JP2007503852A JP5154218B2 JP 5154218 B2 JP5154218 B2 JP 5154218B2 JP 2007503852 A JP2007503852 A JP 2007503852A JP 2007503852 A JP2007503852 A JP 2007503852A JP 5154218 B2 JP5154218 B2 JP 5154218B2
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- insulin resistance
- diabetes
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- sphingolipids
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020003113 steroid hormone receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005969 steroid hormone receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000759 toxicological effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008939 whole milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- MJIBOYFUEIDNPI-HBNMXAOGSA-L zinc 5-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-tris[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]oxy]-2-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl]oxycarbonylphenoxy]carbonyl-3-hydroxybenzene-1,2-diolate Chemical compound [Zn++].Oc1cc(cc(O)c1O)C(=O)Oc1cc(cc(O)c1O)C(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC(=O)c2cc(O)c(O)c(OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3)c2)[C@H](OC(=O)c2cc(O)c(O)c(OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3)c2)[C@@H](OC(=O)c2cc(O)c(O)c(OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3)c2)[C@@H]1OC(=O)c1cc(O)c(O)c(OC(=O)c2cc(O)c([O-])c([O-])c2)c1 MJIBOYFUEIDNPI-HBNMXAOGSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/164—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids of a carboxylic acid with an aminoalcohol, e.g. ceramides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/133—Amines having hydroxy groups, e.g. sphingosine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/683—Diesters of a phosphorus acid with two hydroxy compounds, e.g. phosphatidylinositols
- A61K31/688—Diesters of a phosphorus acid with two hydroxy compounds, e.g. phosphatidylinositols both hydroxy compounds having nitrogen atoms, e.g. sphingomyelins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
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- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
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Description
Zが、R3又は−CH(OH)−R3であり;
Aが、サルフェート、サルフォネート、フォスフェート、フォスフォネート又は−C(O)O−であり;
R1が、水素、水酸基、アルジトール、アルコール、C1−C6アルキル又はアミノ酸であり;
R2が、水素、又は不飽和若しくは飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖であり;
R3が、不飽和又は飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖であり;
Q1が、第一級アミン基(−NH2)、第二級アミン基(−NH−)又はアミド基(−NH−CO−)であり;好ましくは第二級アミン基であり;及び
tが、0又は1である)に従うスフィンゴ脂質又はその医薬的に許容される塩を含む前記医薬品を今提供する。
Zが、R3又はCH(OH)−R3であり、及びR3が、不飽和又は飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖である)に従うスフィンゴ脂質であり、さらにより好ましくは式(III)
Zが、R3又はCH(OH)−R3、好ましくはR3であり、R3が、不飽和又は飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖、好ましくは不飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖であり;
Q1が、第一級アミン基(−NH2)、第二級アミン基(−NH−)又はアミド基(−NH−CO−)、好ましくはアミド基であり、及び
R2が、水素、又は不飽和若しくは飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖である)に従うスフィンゴ脂質である。ただし、上記医薬品は、オキアミ油および/または海洋生物油であって、以下の工程:a)オキアミおよび/または海洋生物の材料をケトン溶媒に入れて、前記海洋動物材料および/または水生動物材料からの可溶性脂質画分を抽出し;b)これを液体内容物と固体内容物に分離し;c)分離した液体内容物に存在する溶媒を蒸発させることによって液体内容物から第1の脂質富含有画分を回収し;d)前記固体内容物を、アルコールおよび酢酸エステルからなる溶媒群から選択される有機溶媒に入れて、前記海洋動物材料および/または水生動物材料からの残留可溶性脂質画分を抽出し;e)これを液体内容物と固体内容物に分離し;f) 分離した液体内容物から溶媒を蒸発させることによって第2の脂質富含有画分を回収し;およびg)固体内容物を回収する工程からなるプロセスから得られる前記オキアミ油および/または海洋生物油を含まない。
前に述べられたように、語「インスリン抵抗性」は、インスリンが該ホルモンの最大投与量でその通常の同化作用の応答を導き出すことができないところの状態をいう。インスリンに対する不十分な応答は、減少したグルコース取り込み(主に筋肉において)及び増加した肝臓糖新生をもたらし、それらの両方は循環血糖濃度を上昇させるだろう。血糖レベルのホメオスタシスの維持(すなわち正常血糖)は、インスリンレベルが、増加した膵臓生産によって上昇される場合に通常生じるのみだろう。膵臓のβ細胞へのダメージは、インスリン分泌を永久に損ない且つ注射によるインスリンを用いた治療を必要とする。インスリン抵抗性は、高インスリン血症の正常血糖の(hyperinsulinemic euglycemic)クランプ研究によって診断されうる。インスリン分泌及び作用の測定における「クランプすること(Clamping)」は、所定の血清又は血糖濃度を維持するために周期的に調節された速度でグルコース溶液の注入を意味する。
Zが、R3又は−CH(OH)−R3であり;
Aが、サルフェート、サルフォネート、フォスフェート、フォスフォネート又は−C(O)O−であり;
R1が、水素、水酸基、アルジトール、アルドース、アルコール、C1−C6アルキル又はアミノ酸であり;
R2が、水素、又は不飽和若しくは飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖であり;
R3が、不飽和又は飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖であり;
Q1が、第一級アミン基(−NH2)、第二級アミン基(−NH−)又はアミド基(−NH−CO−);好ましくは第二級アミン基であり;及びtが、0又は1である)に従うスフィンゴ脂質又はその前駆体、誘導体若しくは医薬的に許容される塩を使用する方法を第1の観点において今提供する。
Al-Makdissy N, Bianchi A, Younsi M, Picard E, Valet P, Martinet N, Dauca M, Donner M. 2001年. Down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene expression by sphingomyelins. FEBS Lett. 第493巻(2-3): 第75-9頁.
Beltowski J, Wojcicka G, Mydlarczyk M, Jamroz A. 2002年. The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARalpha) agonist, fenofibrate, on lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and plasma paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. J Physiol Pharmacol. 第53巻(3): 第463-75頁.
Chapman MJ. 2003. Fibrates in 2003年: therapeutic action in atherogenic dyslipidemia and future perspectives. Atherosclerosis 第171巻: 第1-13頁.
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Hansen BC. (1999年) The metabolic syndrome X. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 第892巻: 第1-24
Kadowaki T. 2000年. Insights into insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes from knockout mouse models. J. Clin. Invest 第106巻(4): 第459-65.
Kahn BB, Flier JS. 2000年. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 第106 巻(4): 第473-81頁.
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インスリン抵抗性診断
インスリン抵抗性についての「最も基準になる検査(gold standard)」は、高インスリン血症の正常血糖のクランプ研究と呼ばれる試験である。それは、インスリンのいかなるレベルが異なるレベルのグルコースを制御するかをみるために、インスリン及びグルコースがいくつかの異なる投与量で静脈的に注入されるところの複雑且つ高価な研究である。基本的に、Koopmans等(2001年)及びVoshol等(2001年)の方法。
雄のApoE*3Leidenマウスが、高脂肪、高フルクトース食餌(24%カゼイン、17%コーンスターチ、14%セルロース、1%コレステロール、24%ウシラード、20%フルクトース;全て重量/重量)を用いて給餌された。8週間後、このグループにおける全てのマウスは、中庸にインスリン抵抗性であり且つ18週後に、強くインスリン抵抗性であった。2つのマウス(n=8)の平行グループが、さらに10週間について、同じ食餌(しかし、0.3%(乾燥食餌の重量当たりの重量)の卵スフィンゴミエリン又はフィトスフィンゴシンのいずれかを含む)を給餌された。
全てのマウスは一晩絶食され、そしてHypnorm(商標)(フェンタニル−フルアニソン)(0.5 mg/kg体重)及びミダゾラム(12.5 mg/kg体重)の腹腔内注射によって麻酔された。マウスは、45分毎に50μlのHypnorm(商標)/ミダゾラム皮下を投与することによって麻酔を維持された。
図1では、グルコースの注入速度が示されている。注入速度は、18週間、対照の高脂肪、高フルクトース食餌を給餌された強くインスリン抵抗性マウスで見られた注入速度のパーセントとして表される。0.3%スフィンゴミエリン又は0.3%フィトスフィンゴシンを含む以外は同じ食餌を18週間給餌した後に、注入速度は対照グループと比較して夫々117%及び102%だった。18週間実験のうち最後の10週間の間に0.3%スフィンゴミエリン又は0.3%フィトスフィンゴシンを受け取ったマウスでは、注入速度は対照グループと比較して夫々102%及び114%だった。通常の食餌での対照グループでは、注入速度は、強くインスリン抵抗性対照グループに対して182%であり、8週間後では127%だった。インスリンレベルが様々な試験グループの間で異なったことの証拠はなかった(すなわち、マウスがスフィンゴ脂質を受け取った場合、所与のインスリン濃度で血流からのグルコースの生理的除去がより有効である)。該結果は、インスリン抵抗性がスフィンゴ脂質給餌の結果として減少したこと及びスフィンゴ脂質はインスリン抵抗性を減少させるために有効に使用されうることを示す。
20匹の雌のob/obマウス(C57Bl/6バックグラウンド)がチャールスリバー(オランダ)から入手され、そしてTNO施設内で2週間の期間順応された。4時間の絶食後、血液が尾出血によって引き抜かれ、そして該動物は体重及び血漿グルコースレベルに従い無作為化された。表1は、開始点で両グループが等しい体重、グルコースレベル及びインスリンレベルを有したことを示す。該マウスは、通常の食餌(対照)又は1%フィトスフィンゴシン(1%PS)を補給された通常の食餌を与えられた。処置の3週間後、血液サンプルが4時間断食後に引き抜かれ、そして体重が決定された。表1は、対照グループにおける動物が研究の間に、より高い体重を有する傾向にあることを示すが、これは統計的有意に達しない。1%PSで処理されたマウスは、それらの初期体重を維持した。グルコースレベルが、対照マウスにおいてのみ時と共に増加され、一方1%PSを給餌されたマウスは、それらの初期値を維持し、そしてそれ故に対照マウスと有意に違った。我々は、グループ間でインスリンレベルにおける差を観察しなかった。
Claims (8)
- インスリン抵抗性、2型糖尿病及びメタボリック症候群からなる群から選択される疾患の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬品であって、一般式(III)
Zが、R3又はCH(OH)−R3であり;
Q1が、第二級アミン基(−NH−)又はアミド基(−NH−CO−)であり、及び
R2が、水素、又は不飽和若しくは飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖であり;
R3が、不飽和又は飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖である)を有するスフィンゴ脂質又はその医薬的に許容される塩を含む医薬品、ただし、前記医薬品は、オキアミ油および/または海洋生物油であって、以下の工程:a)オキアミおよび/または海洋生物の材料をケトン溶媒に入れて、前記海洋動物材料および/または水生動物材料からの可溶性脂質画分を抽出し;b)これを液体内容物と固体内容物に分離し;c)分離した液体内容物に存在する溶媒を蒸発させることによって液体内容物から第1の脂質富含有画分を回収し;d)前記固体内容物を、アルコールおよび酢酸エステルからなる溶媒群から選択される有機溶媒に入れて、前記海洋動物材料および/または水生動物材料からの残留可溶性脂質画分を抽出し;e)これを液体内容物と固体内容物に分離し;f) 分離した液体内容物から溶媒を蒸発させることによって第2の脂質富含有画分を回収し;およびg)固体内容物を回収する工程からなるプロセスから得られる前記オキアミ油および/または海洋生物油を含まない。 - ZがR3である、請求項2に記載の医薬品。
- R3が不飽和(C1−C30)アルキル鎖である、請求項2に記載の医薬品。
- Q1がアミド基(−NH−CO−)である、請求項2に記載の医薬品。
- インスリン抵抗性、2型糖尿病及びメタボリック症候群からなる群から選択される疾患の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬品であって、セラミド又はその医薬的に許容される塩を含む医薬品。
- 前記スフィンゴ脂質が、フィトスフィンゴシン、スフィンゴシン、及び/又はスフィンガニンである、請求項1に記載の医薬品。
- 前記スフィンゴ脂質がスフィンゴミエリンである、請求項2〜5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬品。
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PCT/NL2005/000193 WO2005087023A1 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2005-03-15 | The use of sphingolipids in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome |
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ATE500752T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
EP1729597B1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
DE602005026785D1 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
JP2007529507A (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
US20090203651A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
AU2005220692A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
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