JP5142986B2 - Excess air control for cracking furnace burners - Google Patents
Excess air control for cracking furnace burners Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ISSXKNWTCLRPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.[O-2].[Zr+4].[O-2] Chemical compound O.O.[O-2].[Zr+4].[O-2] ISSXKNWTCLRPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001307 laser spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
- C10G9/206—Tube furnaces controlling or regulating the tube furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Description
本発明は、分解炉バーナにおける過剰空気を制御するための方法の分野に含まれる。石油ナフサなどの炭化水素材料を熱分解することによるオレフィンの生成は、化学プロセス工業における最も重要なプロセスのうちの１つである。例えば、ＡＢＢコーポレーションは、伝えられるところによれば、１年当たり１００万トンを超えるエチレンおよびプロピレンを生成する能力を有する分解プラントをテキサス州のポートアーサーに建設した。分解プロセスは「分解器」内で行なわれる。分解器は、通常、管路およびバーナを収容する筐体を備えている。燃料を燃やすことによって生成される熱は、管路内を流れる炭化水素材料を加熱し、それにより、炭化水素材料が熱分解されて、特にエチレンおよびプロピレンが生成される。 The present invention is included in the field of methods for controlling excess air in cracking furnace burners. The production of olefins by pyrolyzing hydrocarbon materials such as petroleum naphtha is one of the most important processes in the chemical process industry. For example, ABB Corporation reportedly built a cracking plant in Port Arthur, Texas that has the capacity to produce over 1 million tons of ethylene and propylene per year. The decomposition process takes place in a “decomposer”. The decomposer usually includes a housing that accommodates a conduit and a burner. The heat generated by burning the fuel heats the hydrocarbon material flowing in the conduit, which causes the hydrocarbon material to be pyrolyzed, particularly producing ethylene and propylene.
通常、分解器は輻射部と対流部とから成る。輻射部内にはバーナが位置されており、それにより、主にバーナに隣接する壁から放出される輻射熱によって、輻射部内に位置される管路が加熱される。その後、輻射部からの燃焼ガスが対流部へと方向付けられ、この対流部において、対流部内に配置される管路を加熱するために燃焼ガスからの熱が回収される。分解器内には、通常、バーナの空気／燃料比の制御を容易にするために、輻射部と対流部との間に酸化ジルコニウム酸素センサなどの酸素センサが配置されている。分解器の全体の効率は、主に、火室内に存在する過剰空気の量および分解器からの排気ガスの温度の関数である。炉内の空気の量を制御することは、効率の観点から有益となり得る。分解器からの一酸化炭素および煙の排出は、バーナで使用される空気の量が減少されて空気−燃料の化学量論比を下回るときに増大する傾向がある。一方、あまりにも過剰な空気は、分解器の全体の効率を低下させる可能性があるとともに、窒素酸化物の過剰な放出をもたらす可能性がある。したがって、効率の最適なバランスおよび放出の制御のためには、分解炉で使用される過剰空気の量の正確な制御が必要である。 Usually, the decomposer consists of a radiation part and a convection part. A burner is located in the radiant part, and thereby the pipe line located in the radiant part is heated mainly by the radiant heat emitted from the wall adjacent to the burner. Thereafter, the combustion gas from the radiant section is directed to the convection section where heat from the combustion gas is recovered to heat the conduits disposed within the convection section. In the cracker, an oxygen sensor such as a zirconium oxide oxygen sensor is usually placed between the radiant section and the convection section to facilitate control of the burner air / fuel ratio. The overall efficiency of the cracker is mainly a function of the amount of excess air present in the firebox and the temperature of the exhaust gas from the cracker. Controlling the amount of air in the furnace can be beneficial from an efficiency standpoint. Carbon monoxide and smoke emissions from the cracker tend to increase as the amount of air used in the burner is reduced below the air-fuel stoichiometry. On the other hand, too much air can reduce the overall efficiency of the cracker and can result in excessive release of nitrogen oxides. Thus, for optimal balance of efficiency and emission control, precise control of the amount of excess air used in the cracking furnace is necessary.
従来の分解器の酸素センサは「ポイント測定装置」である。すなわち、この酸素センサは、センサが配置されている位置で酸素を測定する。そのような測定は、分解器内の全体の酸素濃度を代表するものではない。分解器内の酸素のより代表的な決定を行なうシステムが開発された場合、それは分解炉の制御の分野における進歩となろう。また、従来の酸化ジルコニウムセンサがＯ2測定（例えば、炭化水素ガスおよびＣＯガス）の精度に影響を及ぼすことで知られる障害に晒されることは良く知られている。これらの障害に更に影響されないシステムが開発された場合には、分解炉の制御の分野における進歩となろう。 The conventional oxygen sensor of the decomposer is a “point measuring device”. That is, this oxygen sensor measures oxygen at a position where the sensor is disposed. Such a measurement is not representative of the total oxygen concentration in the cracker. If a system is developed that makes a more representative determination of oxygen in the cracker, it would be an advance in the field of cracker control. It is also well known that conventional zirconium oxide sensors are subject to obstacles known to affect the accuracy of O 2 measurements (eg, hydrocarbon gas and CO gas). If a system is developed that is not further affected by these obstacles, it would be an advance in the field of cracking furnace control.
HansonらによるSectionII.4.3, Sensors for Advanced Combustion Systems, Global Climate & Energy Project, Stanford University, 2004は、石炭燃料ユーティリティボイラ、廃棄物焼却炉およびジェットエンジンからの燃焼ガス中の酸素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物を決定するための吸光光度法および波長可変近赤外線ダイオードレーザの開発について概説している。Thompsonらの米国特許出願公報ＵＳ２００４／０１９１７１２Ａ１は、そのようなシステムを製鋼産業における燃焼用途に対して適用した。燃焼ガス中の例えば酸素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物を決定するための吸光光度法および波長可変近赤外線ダイオードレーザが熱分解器に対して適用された場合には、当分野における進歩となろう。 Hanson et al., Section II.4.3, Sensors for Advanced Combustion Systems, Global Climate & Energy Project, Stanford University, 2004. Outlines the development of absorptiometric methods and tunable near-infrared diode lasers to determine oxides. Thompson et al., US Patent Application Publication No. US 2004/0191712 A1, applied such a system for combustion applications in the steel industry. If an absorptiometric method and tunable near-infrared diode laser for determining, for example, oxygen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides in combustion gases are applied to a pyrolyzer, this would be an advance in the field .
本発明は、熱分解炉からの燃焼ガスのより信頼できる代表的な分析が必要であるという前述した課題の少なくとも一部を解決する。本発明は、熱分解炉からの燃焼ガス中の例えば酸素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物を決定するための吸光光度法および波長可変近赤外線ダイオードレーザの用途である。 The present invention solves at least some of the aforementioned problems that a more reliable representative analysis of combustion gases from a pyrolysis furnace is required. The present invention is an application of a spectrophotometric method and a tunable near-infrared diode laser for determining, for example, oxygen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides in combustion gases from a pyrolysis furnace.
より具体的には、本発明は、熱分解器のバーナの空気／燃料比を制御するための方法であって、（ａ）近赤外光の波長変調されたビームを、波長可変ダイオードレーザから、バーナからの燃焼ガスを通じて、近赤外光検出器へと方向付けて、検出信号を生成するステップと、（ｂ）酸素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物から成る群より選択される検体における波長特性での分光吸収に関して検出信号を分析し、燃焼ガス中の検体の濃度を決定するステップと、（ｃ）ステップ（ｂ）の検体の濃度に応じてバーナ（すなわち、炉内の過剰空気）の空気／燃料比を調整するステップと、を含む方法である。 More specifically, the present invention is a method for controlling the air / fuel ratio of a pyrolyzer burner comprising: (a) transmitting a wavelength modulated beam of near infrared light from a tunable diode laser; Directing the combustion gas from the burner to a near-infrared photodetector to generate a detection signal; and (b) a wavelength in an analyte selected from the group consisting of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides Analyzing the detection signal for spectral absorption at the characteristic and determining the concentration of the analyte in the combustion gas; and (c) the burner (ie excess air in the furnace) according to the concentration of the analyte in step (b) Adjusting the air / fuel ratio.
図１は、空気吸入口１２と排気口１３とを有する筐体１１を含むオレフィンを生成するための典型的な熱分解炉１０の概略側面図を示している。空気吸入口ファン１４は、バーナ１５を通じて強制通風を供給する。排気ファン１６は、導入された通風を炉１０から供給する。炉１０の内部は、３つの主要な部分、すなわち、火室部１７と、耐火壁部１８と、対流部１９とから成る。バーナ１５からの燃焼ガスは、最初に、炉１０の火室部１７内へと向けられた後、耐火壁部１８を通じて方向付けられ、その後、対流部１９を通じて排気口１３から排出される。供給材料ストリーム２０は、当該供給材料を予熱するために管路２１を通じて導かれる。予熱された供給材料に対してはストリーム２２が導入され、予熱された供給材料は、その後、対流部１９内に位置する管路２３によって更に加熱された後、火室部１７内に位置される管路２４によって更に加熱され、それにより、生成物２５が生成される。 FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a typical pyrolysis furnace 10 for producing olefins including a housing 11 having an air inlet 12 and an exhaust 13. The air inlet fan 14 supplies forced ventilation through the burner 15. The exhaust fan 16 supplies the introduced ventilation from the furnace 10. The interior of the furnace 10 is composed of three main parts, that is, a fire chamber part 17, a refractory wall part 18, and a convection part 19. Combustion gas from the burner 15 is first directed into the fire chamber portion 17 of the furnace 10, then directed through the fire wall 18, and then discharged from the exhaust port 13 through the convection portion 19. The feed stream 20 is routed through line 21 to preheat the feed material. For the preheated feed, a stream 22 is introduced and the preheated feed is then further heated by a line 23 located in the convection 19 and then located in the fire chamber 17. Further heating by line 24, thereby producing product 25.
ここで、図２を参照すると、火室部１７、耐火壁部１８、および、対流部１９の外壁を示す図１の炉１０の概略背面図が示されている。炉１０の耐火壁部１８には波長可変ダイオードレーザシステム２６が装着されており、これにより、波長可変ダイオードレーザシステム２６の可変波長ダイオードレーザからの光を、耐火壁部１８を通じて流れる燃焼ガスを介して、光検出システム２７に対して示すことができるようになっている。 Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a schematic rear view of the furnace 10 of FIG. 1 showing the outer walls of the fire chamber part 17, the refractory wall part 18 and the convection part 19. A tunable diode laser system 26 is mounted on the refractory wall 18 of the furnace 10, whereby light from the tunable diode laser of the tunable diode laser system 26 is transmitted through the combustion gas flowing through the refractory wall 18. Thus, the light detection system 27 can be shown.
ここで、図３を参照すると、図２に示されたダイオードレーザシステム２６および光検出システム２７の更に詳しい図が示されている。図３に示されるシステムは、波長可変ダイオードレーザを含むレーザモジュール３７を有する。制御ユニット３１は、信号処理（以下で更に詳しく説明する）のためにプログラムされた中央処理ユニット、および、波長可変ダイオードレーザのための温度・電流制御機器、並びに、ユーザインタフェースおよびディスプレイを含む。制御ユニットは、図示のように別個のユニット内に収容されても良く、または、システムの他の構成要素のうちの１つに含められても良い。例えば、制御ユニットが送信器内に収容されても良い。アライメントプレート２９および調整ロッド３０はレーザビーム４１のアライメントを行なうことができる。レーザビームは、１または複数の窓（例えば、石英ガラス窓、サファイア窓）を通過して炉内へ入る。デュアルサファイア窓２８などの窓が４インチパイプフランジ４０に装着されている。窓２８同士の間の空間は、１分当たり２５リットルの窒素を用いて１平方インチ当たり１０ポンドのゲージ圧で浄化される。フランジ４０は、炉の壁を貫通して取り付けられる。 Referring now to FIG. 3, a more detailed view of the diode laser system 26 and the light detection system 27 shown in FIG. 2 is shown. The system shown in FIG. 3 has a laser module 37 that includes a tunable diode laser. The control unit 31 includes a central processing unit programmed for signal processing (discussed in more detail below), a temperature and current control device for the tunable diode laser, and a user interface and display. The control unit may be housed in a separate unit as shown, or may be included in one of the other components of the system. For example, the control unit may be housed in the transmitter. The alignment plate 29 and the adjustment rod 30 can align the laser beam 41. The laser beam enters the furnace through one or more windows (eg, quartz glass window, sapphire window). A window such as a dual sapphire window 28 is mounted on the 4 inch pipe flange 40. The space between the windows 28 is cleaned at a gauge pressure of 10 pounds per square inch using 25 liters of nitrogen per minute. The flange 40 is mounted through the furnace wall.
更に図３を参照すると、レーザビーム４１は、１または複数の窓３３（これらの窓は、デュアルサファイアであっても良く、あるいは、石英ガラスなどの他の適した材料であっても良い）を通過して、近赤外光検出器３８へと送られる。窓３３は４インチパイプフランジ３９に装着されていても良い。窓３３同士の間の空間は、１分当たり２５リットルの窒素を用いて１平方インチ当たり１０ポンドのゲージ圧で浄化される。フランジ３９は、炉の壁を貫通して取り付けられる。アライメントプレート３４および調整ロッド３５は、検出光学素子とレーザビーム４１とのアライメントを行なうことができる。検出エレクトロニクス３６は、ケーブル４２を通じて制御ユニット３１と電気的通信状態にある。また、制御ユニット３１は、炉１０を制御するためのプロセス制御システム３２とも（電気ケーブル４３を通じて）電気的通信状態にある。レーザビーム４１の光路長は約６０フィートである。図３に示されるシステムは、テキサス州のヒューストンにあるＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌ Ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｔｉｅｓから市販されている。 Still referring to FIG. 3, the laser beam 41 includes one or more windows 33 (which may be dual sapphire or other suitable material such as quartz glass). It passes and is sent to the near-infrared light detector 38. The window 33 may be attached to a 4 inch pipe flange 39. The space between the windows 33 is cleaned with a gauge pressure of 10 pounds per square inch using 25 liters of nitrogen per minute. The flange 39 is mounted through the furnace wall. The alignment plate 34 and the adjustment rod 35 can align the detection optical element and the laser beam 41. The detection electronics 36 is in electrical communication with the control unit 31 through the cable 42 . The control unit 31 is also in electrical communication with the process control system 32 for controlling the furnace 10 (through the electric cable 43 ). The optical path length of the laser beam 41 is about 60 feet. The system shown in FIG. 3 is commercially available from Analytical Specialties in Houston, Texas.
図３に示されるシステムは、レーザ光が燃焼ガスを通過して進むときに吸収される（失われる）レーザ光量を測定することにより動作する。酸素、一酸化炭素および窒素酸化物はそれぞれ、固有の微細構造を示すスペクトル吸収を有する。スペクトルの個々の特徴は、レーザモジュール３７の高い分解能で見られる。レーザモジュール３７は、制御ユニット３１からのその入力電流を制御することにより変調される（走査され或いは１つの波長から他の波長へと調整される）。 The system shown in FIG. 3 operates by measuring the amount of laser light that is absorbed (lost) as the laser light travels through the combustion gas. Oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides each have spectral absorption that exhibits a unique microstructure. Individual features of the spectrum can be seen with the high resolution of the laser module 37. The laser module 37 is modulated (scanned or tuned from one wavelength to another) by controlling its input current from the control unit 31.
ここで、図４を参照すると、波長可変ダイオードレーザからの近赤外光の変調ビームを酸素が吸収する領域におけるスペクトルが示されている。図４に示される吸光度は、燃焼ガス中の酸素の濃度に比例している。２３３３ナノメートル付近の一酸化炭素吸光度ラインは、１００万分の１下側の一酸化炭素濃度を決定するために使用される。１５７０付近の一酸化炭素吸光度ラインは、更に高い一酸化炭素濃度を決定するために使用される。２７４０ナノメートル付近の窒素酸化物吸光度ラインは、１００万分の１下側〜中間の窒素酸化物濃度を決定するために使用される。１８００付近の窒素酸化物吸光度ラインは、更に高い窒素酸化物濃度を決定するために使用される。 Here, referring to FIG. 4, a spectrum in a region where oxygen absorbs a modulated beam of near-infrared light from a wavelength tunable diode laser is shown. The absorbance shown in FIG. 4 is proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the combustion gas. The carbon monoxide absorbance line near 2333 nanometers is used to determine the 1 millionth lower carbon monoxide concentration. The carbon monoxide absorbance line near 1570 is used to determine a higher carbon monoxide concentration. The nitrogen oxide absorbance line near 2740 nanometers is used to determine the lower 1 / million to intermediate nitrogen oxide concentration. A nitrogen oxide absorbance line near 1800 is used to determine higher nitrogen oxide concentrations.
再び図１を参照すると、バーナ（炉内の過剰空気）１５の空気／燃料比（図３のプロセスコントローラ３２によって制御される）は、先に概説した酸素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物の波長可変ダイオードレーザ分光分析に応じて燃焼ガス中の酸素濃度、一酸化炭素濃度、窒素酸化物濃度を最適化するように制御できる。 Referring again to FIG. 1, the air / fuel ratio of the burner (excess air in the furnace) 15 (controlled by the process controller 32 of FIG. 3) is the wavelength of oxygen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides outlined above. Control can be made to optimize the oxygen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, and nitrogen oxide concentration in the combustion gas in accordance with variable diode laser spectroscopy.
結論
以上、本発明をその好ましい実施形態にしたがって説明してきたが、本発明はこの開示の思想および範囲内で変更することができる。したがって、本出願は、ここに開示された一般的な原理を使用する本発明の任意の変形、使用または適合を網羅するべく意図されている。また、本出願は、この発明に関連し且つ以下の請求項の制限の範囲内に入る、当分野で公知の或いは通例の慣行に入るような本発明からのそのような逸脱を網羅するべく意図されている。
CONCLUSION While the invention has been described in accordance with its preferred embodiments, the invention can be modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using the general principles disclosed herein. This application is also intended to cover such departures from the invention as it relates to this invention and that fall within the scope of the following claims, as known in the art or within conventional practice. Has been.
Claims (4)
（ａ）近赤外光の波長変調されたビームを導くステップであって、前記ビームは、波長可変ダイオードレーザから、前記バーナからの燃焼ガスを通じて、検出信号を生成する近赤外光検出器へと方向付けられ、前記ビームは前記耐火壁部を通じて導かれる、ステップと、
（ｂ）酸素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物から成る群より選択される検体における波長特性での分光吸収に関して検出信号を分析し、前記燃焼ガス中の検体の濃度を決定するステップと、
（ｃ）ステップ（ｂ）の前記検体の濃度に応じて、前記バーナの空気／燃料比（過剰空気）を調整するステップとを含む、方法。A method for controlling the air / fuel ratio of a burner of a pyrolyzer for producing olefin, the pyrolyzer comprising a fire chamber part, a refractory wall part and a convection part, wherein the method comprises:
(A) directing a wavelength-modulated beam of near-infrared light , said beam from a tunable diode laser through a combustion gas from said burner to a near-infrared light detector that generates a detection signal Directing the beam through the fire wall, and
(B) oxygen, comprising the steps of analyzing the detection signal with respect to the spectral absorption at a wavelength characteristic of the carbon monoxide, the analyte to be selected from the group consisting of nitrogen oxide to determine the concentration of analyte in the combustion gas,
Depending on the concentration of the analyte of step (c) (b), and adjusting the air / fuel ratio of the burners (excess air), the method.
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| US60/681,549 | 2005-05-16 | ||
| PCT/US2006/017977 WO2006124422A2 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2006-05-09 | Excess air control for cracker furnace burners |
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| CN102175642B (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-12-12 | 聚光科技(杭州)股份有限公司 | On-site gas measurement method and device |
| GB2514341B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2016-08-24 | Edwards Ltd | Radiant burner combustion monitoring |
| EP3553499B1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2020-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas analysis system and method for measuring nitrogen oxides in a waste gas |
| EP3561487B1 (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2023-01-18 | ABB Schweiz AG | Measuring device for analysis of a composition of a combustible gas with a filter chamber arranged in front of a detector |
| EP4105297A1 (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-21 | Linde GmbH | Method and measuring system for determining an oxygen content in a furnace, furnace and processing system |
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| US2037379A (en) * | 1923-09-24 | 1936-04-14 | Sinclair Refining Co | Cracking of oil |
| US3831030A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1974-08-20 | Texas Instruments Inc | Laser-operated system for spectroscopic analysis |
| GB2064780B (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1984-04-18 | Neotronics Ltd | Apparatus for measuring the efficiency of combustion appliances |
| JPH01275691A (en) * | 1988-04-27 | 1989-11-06 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | Method of controlling thermal cracking oven |
| FR2631957B1 (en) * | 1988-05-30 | 1990-08-31 | Bp Chimie Sa | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING OLEFINS AND DIOLEFINS BY CONTROLLED HYDROCARBON SPRAYING REACTION USING A SYSTEM COMPRISING AN INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETER |
| SE8802536D0 (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1988-07-07 | Altoptronic Ab | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF A GAS IN A SAMPLE |
| US5252060A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-10-12 | Mckinnon J Thomas | Infrared laser fault detection method for hazardous waste incineration |
| US5448071A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1995-09-05 | Bruce W. McCaul | Gas spectroscopy |
| JP3595360B2 (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 2004-12-02 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | Combustion control method for tubular heating furnace and tubular heating furnace |
| US5656150A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1997-08-12 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method for treating the radiant tubes of a fired heater in a thermal cracking process |
| US20020031737A1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2002-03-14 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Method for continuously monitoring chemical species and temperature in hot process gases |
| EP1409992A2 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2004-04-21 | Murray Thomson | Method and apparatus for improved process control in combustion applications |
| CN1150300C (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2004-05-19 | 中国石化集团扬子石油化工有限责任公司 | Intelligent control method of cracking furnace in ethylene preparing equipment |
| US6640199B1 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2003-10-28 | Spectral Sciences, Inc. | System and method for optically determining properties of hot fluids from the spectral structure of emitted radiation |
| US7005645B2 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2006-02-28 | Air Liquide America L.P. | Apparatus and methods for launching and receiving a broad wavelength range source |
| US7318909B2 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2008-01-15 | Trustees Of Princeton University | Method and apparatus for enhanced evanescent field exposure in an optical fiber resonator for spectroscopic detection and measurement of trace species |
| US20030132389A1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-17 | Von Drasek William A. | Method for monitoring and controlling the high temperature reducing combustion atmosphere |
| US7022992B2 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2006-04-04 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for real-time monitoring of furnace flue gases |
| US6859766B2 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2005-02-22 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Indirect gas species monitoring using tunable diode lasers |
| AU2004227359B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2009-07-30 | Zolo Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the monitoring and control of combustion |
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| JP2008540804A (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| US20110062056A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
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| CN101175988A (en) | 2008-05-07 |
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