JP4684862B2 - Bolt forging method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cold working a shaft-like component, and more specifically, to a method for forging a non-tempered bolt in which a bolt head having excellent delayed fracture resistance is formed.

  Bolts for fastening parts used in automobiles, machinery, and building structures are spheroidized to improve workability after wire rods manufactured by hot rolling are descaled by pickling or mechanical methods. Conventionally, a manufacturing process has been adopted in which heat treatment such as annealing is performed and finished to the required dimensions by wire drawing, usually formed by cold heading, and the formed bolt is quenched and tempered so as to reach a predetermined strength level. It had been. However, if heat treatment such as spheroidizing annealing or quenching and tempering, which takes a long time, is performed before and after cold heading, the bolt manufacturing process becomes longer and the manufacturing cost also increases. For this reason, non-tempered bolts that can omit heat treatments such as spheroidizing annealing and quenching and tempering before and after forming bolts have been attracting attention for the purpose of saving energy and reducing manufacturing costs by simplifying the bolt manufacturing process. A technology for manufacturing a quality upset bolt is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1). Even in such non-tempered bolts, when the strength becomes high, delayed fracture that suddenly brittle fractures after a certain time has passed since the stress is applied by fastening becomes a problem. This delayed fracture occurs starting from the stress concentration part in the bolt fastening state, i.e., the bottom of the screw or the head of the bolt head. Generally, the higher the strength of the steel material closely related to the hardness, the more susceptible to delayed fracture. It is known to be expensive, and it is an important issue to prevent delayed fracture even in non-tempered bolts.

  As a method of manufacturing a bolt including a head portion and a shaft portion, for example, in Patent Document 2, a rod-shaped metal material having a predetermined length is formed on a die having a hexagonal die hole for forming a bolt head at an end portion. First, the metal material is driven into the mold hole by the first punch, and its end is preformed. Then, the second punch whose outer periphery is formed in the same shape as the inner periphery of the mold hole is formed. A method of manufacturing a hexagonal head bolt including a hexagonal head and a shaft is disclosed by entering into a mold cavity and pressing and molding the metal material. In general, in the manufacturing process by cold forging of a bolt with a bolt head formed, molding is performed by combining a plurality of die mold holes and punches. In the process, the bolt material produced from the wire is at least once or more. Preliminary molding and finish molding are received respectively.

  3 (a) to 3 (d) show a conventional hexagon head bolt manufacturing process by cold heading, in which a preformed die hole mold 1 and a preformed punch 2 and a finish molded die hole mold 3 and a finished mold punch 4 are shown. The example of a process using these 2 types of combinations is shown. A through-hole 7 is formed in the preformed die hole mold 1 through the inclined inner peripheral surface 5, which is composed of a large-diameter side molded portion 6 a having a large inner diameter and a small-diameter side molded portion 6 b having a small inner diameter. In order to facilitate the insertion of the bolt material 8, the inner diameter of the large-diameter side molded portion 6a is formed to a size that causes a slight gap with the bolt material 8, and the inner diameter of the small-diameter side molded portion 6b is processed. It is formed in a size corresponding to the screw diameter. And the edge R part 9 is formed in the illustration upper end edge of the through-hole 7 over the circumferential direction. A knockout 10 is incorporated in the small diameter side molded portion 6b. In the preforming punch 2, a punch mold hole 2 a having a circular recess for holding the end surface of the bolt material 8, which is slightly larger than the diameter d of the bolt material 8, is formed.

  FIG. 3A shows a state in which the bolt material 8 cut to a predetermined length is inserted and set in the preforming die hole mold 1 and the preforming punch 2 is brought into contact with the end face 8 a of the bolt material 8. Yes. When the end face 8a is pressed with the preforming punch 2 from this state, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the bolt material 8 is filled in the preforming die hole mold 1, and the large-diameter shaft portion 12a and the screw are processed. A small-diameter shaft portion 12b and an inclined shaft portion 12c formed therebetween, and a bolt preform 12 having a bulging portion 12d formed on the upper end portion side of the bolt material 8 is formed.

As shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d), the finish molding die hole mold 3 used for the finish molding of the bolt preform 12 is provided with an inclined inner peripheral surface 5a in the same manner as the preforming die hole mold 1. Thus, a through hole 7a comprising a large-diameter side molded portion 6c having a large inner diameter and a small-diameter side molded portion 6d having a small inner diameter is formed. The inner diameter of the large-diameter side molded portion 6c is the bolt preform 12 In order to facilitate the insertion of the bolt, it is formed in such a size that a slight gap is generated with the bolt preform 12. And the edge R part 9a is formed in the illustration upper end edge of the through-hole 7a like the preforming die hole type | mold 1 over the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. 3 (c), a knockout 10a is incorporated in the small diameter side molding portion 6d, and the bolt preform 12 is inserted into the finish molding die hole mold 3, and from this state, the finish molding punch 4 is used. The end surface 12e of the bolt preform 12 is pressed. By this pressing, as shown in FIG. 3 (d), the bolt preform 12 is filled in the finish molding die hole mold 3, and the large-diameter shaft portion 13a and the small-diameter shaft portion 13b are finish-molded. The 12 bulging portions 12d are completely filled in the mold cavity 4a of the finish molding punch 4, and the bolt head 13d is finish-molded. The flange portion 13f protruding from between the finish forming die hole mold 3 and the finish forming punch 4 is finished to a required dimension in a trimming process. In this way, by using the two sets of die hole molds 1 and 3 and the punches 2 and 4, the rod-shaped bolt material 8 is subjected to preforming and finish forming, and a cold forged bolt is formed.
JP 2003-113444 A JP 10-2111540 A

  However, in the cold forging method shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (d), processing strain is accumulated in the bolt neck lower R portion 12g from the preforming stage shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and (b). As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the bolt neck lower R portion 12g is formed in the finish forming die hole mold 3 at the finish forming stage shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d). Since the forging is performed by directly contacting the edge R portion 9a and further processing strain is accumulated to increase the hardness, delayed fracture is likely to occur starting from the portion of the bolt neck lower R portion 12g. The same applies to the bolt manufacturing method disclosed in Patent Document 2. Moreover, in the manufacturing method of a high-strength non-tempered upset bolt disclosed in Patent Document 1, a method for improving delayed fracture resistance by a composition of a bolt material, wire drawing of the bolt material (wire material) and heat treatment after bolt forming However, nothing is described about the forging method.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to examine delayed fracture resistance of a high-strength non-tempered upset bolt from the bolt forming surface and provide a bolt forging method effective for preventing delayed fracture.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following configuration.

In the bolt forging method according to claim 1 , a rod-shaped metal material is inserted into a preformed die hole mold, and is preformed by pressing the inserted metal material at least once with a preforming punch. After that, the bolt preform with the pressure side bulged by pre-molding is inserted into a finish-molding die hole mold equipped with a knockout, and the bulge on the pressure side is molded into the bolt head with a finish molding punch to finish the bolt. A method of cold forging a bolt for forming a molding material, wherein the bolt preform volume is formed to be larger than the shaft volume of the bolt finish molding material, and the bolt is located on the tip end side of the shaft portion. A small-diameter shaft portion is provided, and the molding of the small-diameter shaft portion is completed by preforming the bolt.

When forming the small-diameter shaft part on the tip side of the bolt shaft part in the finish forming process, finish forming is started with the shaft part on the bulging part side of the bolt preform formed from the finish forming die hole mold. Therefore, the shaft portion is pushed into the finish forming die hole mold while the diameter of the shaft portion is slightly increased, so that the distortion of the bottom R portion of the bolt finish molding material and the shaft portion in the vicinity thereof increases. For this reason, if the molding of the small-diameter shaft portion is completed by preliminary molding, this increase in distortion can be avoided, which is advantageous in terms of preventing delayed fracture.

The bolt forging method according to claim 2 is a bolt shaft portion forming portion of the hole edge R of the finish forming die hole mold in a state where the bolt preform is inserted and set in the finish forming die hole mold. The position of the bolt shaft portion facing the intersection with the inner wall is located on the knockout side of the boundary portion between the bulging portion and the shaft portion of the bolt preform.

When the portion of the boundary between the bulging portion and the shaft portion of the bolt preform (the neck lower R portion of the preform) is processed again at the hole edge R portion of the finish forming die hole mold, the bolt finish molding is performed. Strain concentrates at the lower part of the neck of the material, the hardness increases, and delayed fracture tends to occur. As described above, if the portion of the boundary between the bulging portion and the shaft portion of the bolt preform is not in contact with the hole edge R portion of the finish forming die hole mold, the lower neck R of the bolt preform. The part flows along the end surface of the finish molding die hole mold by hitting (compressing) the bulging part with a finish molding punch, and the bulging part expands to fill the mold hole of the finishing molding punch. Thus, a bolt head is formed. For this reason, the neck lower R portion of the preformed material does not need to be processed at the edge R portion of the finish forming die hole mold, and strain accumulates in the neck lower R portion immediately below the bolt head, increasing the amount of strain. This can be prevented.

  In this invention, when producing bolts such as high-strength non-tempered bolts in the preforming process and the finishing molding process, the bolt volume formed in the preforming process is used for the shaft volume of the bolt preform formed in the preforming process. Since the process was designed so that it was formed larger than the volume of the shaft part of the finished molded material, the part of the boundary between the preformed part (bulged part) of the bolt head of the bolt preformed material and the shaft part (the neck of the preformed material) The bottom R portion can be finished and formed without contacting the finish forming die hole mold edge R portion, and a bolt head can be formed. As a result, the accumulation of strain in the neck lower R portion directly under the bolt head and the increase in hardness due to the increase in strain amount are suppressed, and the occurrence of delayed fracture under the action of stress due to fastening can be prevented.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

  1 (a) to 1 (d) show a manufacturing process of a hexagon head bolt by cold heading according to an embodiment, in which a preformed die hole mold 1 and a preformed punch 2 and a finish molded die hole mold 3 and a finished mold punch are processed. 4 shows an example of a process using two types of combinations. The die configuration of the die hole dies 1 and 3 and the molding punches 2 and 4 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (d). The same is true. A through-hole 7 is formed in the preformed die hole mold 1 through the inclined inner peripheral surface 5, which is composed of a large-diameter side molded portion 6 a having a large inner diameter and a small-diameter side molded portion 6 b having a small inner diameter. In order to facilitate the insertion of the bolt material 8, the inner diameter of the large-diameter side molded portion 6a is formed to a size that causes a slight gap with the bolt material 8, and the inner diameter of the small-diameter side molded portion 6b is processed. It is formed in a size corresponding to the screw diameter. And the edge R part 9 is formed in the illustration upper end edge of the through-hole 7 over the circumferential direction. A knockout 10 is incorporated in the small diameter side molded portion 6b. In the preforming punch 3, a punch mold hole 2 a having a circular recess for holding the end face of the bolt material 8, which is slightly larger than the diameter d of the bolt material 8, is formed.

  FIG. 1A shows a state in which a bolt material 8 cut to a predetermined length is inserted and set in the preforming die hole mold 1 and the preforming punch 2 is brought into contact with the end face 8 a of the bolt material 8. Yes. When the end face 8a is pressed with the preforming punch 2 from this state, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the bolt material 8 is filled in the preforming die hole mold 1, and the large diameter shaft portion 12a and the screw are connected. A small-diameter shaft portion 12b to be processed and a bolt preform 12 having an inclined shaft portion 12c formed between the shaft portions 12a and 12b and a bulging portion 12d formed on the upper end side of the bolt material 8 are formed. Molded. As shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, the finish molding die hole mold 3 used for the finish molding of the bolt preform 12 is provided with an inclined inner peripheral surface 5a in the same manner as the preforming die hole mold 1. Thus, a through hole 7a comprising a large-diameter side molded portion 6c having a large inner diameter and a small-diameter side molded portion 6d having a small inner diameter is formed. The inner diameter of the large-diameter side molded portion 6c is that of the bolt preform 12. In order to facilitate the insertion, the bolt preform 12 is formed to have a size that causes a slight gap. And the edge R part 9a is formed in the illustration upper end edge of the through-hole 7a like the preforming die hole type | mold 1 over the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. 1C, a knockout 10a is incorporated in the small diameter side molding portion 6d, and when the bolt preform 12 is inserted into the finish molding die hole mold 3, the bolt preform 12 Stops at the inclined inner peripheral surface 5a, and in this state, the knockout 10a is adjusted so as to contact the tip surface of the bolt preform 12. At this time, the large-diameter molded portion 6c, the inclined inner peripheral surface 5a, and the small-diameter of the finish-molding die hole mold 3 so that the shaft volume of the bolt preform 12 is larger than the shaft volume of the finished bolt-molded material 13. Since the die volume of the finish molding die 3 formed by the molding portion 6d and the knockout 10a is designed in advance, the neck under R portion 12g (the bulging portion 12d and the large-diameter shaft portion 12a of the bolt preform 12 are formed. The boundary part) is outside the finishing die die 3 and is not in contact with the edge R portion 9a. From this state, when the end face 12e of the bolt preform 12 is pressed by the finish molding punch 4, the bolt preform 12 is filled in the finish die die mold 3 as shown in FIG. The large-diameter shaft portion 13a, the small-diameter shaft portion 13b, and the inclined shaft portion 13c between these shaft portions are finish-molded, and the bulging portion 12d of the bolt preform 12 is in the punch mold hole 4a of the finish-forming punch 4. The bolt head 13d is finished and fully filled. The flange portion 13f protruding from between the finish forming die hole mold 3 and the finish forming punch 4 is finished to a required dimension in a trimming process. In this way, using two sets of die hole molds 1, 3 and punches 2, 4, the rod-shaped bolt material 8 is subjected to preforming and finish forming to form a cold heading bolt. In addition, the volume V1 of the bolt shaft part which consists of the large diameter shaft part 12a, the small diameter shaft part 12b, and the inclined shaft part 12c of the bolt preforming material 12, and the large diameter shaft part 13a and the small diameter shaft part of the bolt finish molding material 13. A value obtained by dividing a difference (V1−V2) between the volume V2 of the bolt shaft portion formed by 13b and the inclined shaft portion 13c by the cross-sectional area S1 of the large diameter side shaft portion 12a of the bolt preformed bolt 12 ((V1−V2)). / S1) is preferably larger than 50% of R of the edge R portion 9a of the finish molding die hole mold 3, and 50% or less of the diameter of the large-diameter side shaft portion 13a of the bolt finish molding material 13.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (c), in the finish forming step, the neck lower R portion 12 g of the bolt preform 12 does not contact the edge R portion 9 a of the finish forming die hole die 3, and this die hole die 3. Therefore, when the bulging portion 12d is struck by the finish molding punch 4, the material from the vicinity of the lower neck R portion 12g to the bulging portion 12d flows along the end surface 3a of the finish molding die hole mold 3, The bulging portion 12d expands in diameter and fills the mold hole 4a of the finish forming punch 4 to form a bolt head. As described above, since the neck lower R portion 12g of the bolt preform 12 is not processed by the edge R portion 9a of the finish forming die hole mold 3, distortion is accumulated in the neck lower R portion 13g of the bolt head 13d. Therefore, an increase in hardness due to an increase in strain can be suppressed. Even when the edge chamfered portion is provided instead of the edge R portions 9 and 9a of the preforming die hole mold 1 and the finish forming die hole mold 3, the neck lower portion 12 of the bolt preforming material is the same as described above. However, the edge chamfered portion of the finish forming die hole mold 3 is not subjected to processing, so that strain does not accumulate in the lower part of the neck of the bolt head 13d, and an increase in hardness due to an increase in strain can be suppressed.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (c), a slight gap exists between the bolt preform 12 and the finish molding die hole mold 3 in order to facilitate the insertion of the bolt preform 12. In addition, the front and rear surfaces of the bolt preform 12 may have unevenness and inclination when the bolt material 8 is cut out from the strand (wire) by shearing. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), in the finish molding step, the bolt preform 12 is inserted into the finish molding die hole mold 3 and set, and the edge R portion of the finish molding die hole mold 3 is set. 9a of the bolt shaft portion forming portion, that is, the large diameter shaft portion 12a facing the intersection (contact point) C with the inner wall of the large diameter side forming portion 6c of the bolt shaft portion (the forming portion of the bolt large diameter shaft portion 12a). The distance ΔL in the axial direction between the position A and the intersection (contact point) B between the neck lower R portion 12g of the bolt preform 12 and the bolt large-diameter shaft portion 12a side is the bolt preform 12 and the finish molding die hole. It is necessary to determine the relative position of the contact B between the position A of the bolt shaft portion 12a and the bolt large-diameter shaft portion 12a due to the gap between the mold 3 and the unevenness or inclination of the material shear surface. is there. The axial distance ΔL between the position A and the intersection (contact point) B (the direction of the intersection (contact point) B when viewed from the position A is a positive value) is 10 mm of the diameter of the bolt large diameter shaft portion 12a. A range greater than 50% and not exceeding 50% is desirable. If it is 10% or less (FIG. 2 (b) shows a case where the distance ΔL is a negative value), distortion is accumulated in the neck R portion 13g of the finish bolt forming material 13 in the finish forming step. Hardness increases and there is a possibility of adversely affecting delayed fracture resistance (delayed fracture resistance). If it exceeds 50%, the outer bolt shaft length from the end surface 3a of the finish molding die hole mold 3 becomes too long. This may cause bending or minute buckling of the bolt shaft.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, after the molding of the small-diameter shaft portion 12b is completed in the preforming process of FIGS. 1 (a) and (b), the finishing is performed as shown in FIGS. 1 (c) and (d). Since the molding is performed, the neck lower R portion 12g is not pushed into the finish molding die hole die 3 and is not processed at the edge R portion 9a of the die hole die 3, so that the neck of the bolt head portion 13d as described above. Strain does not accumulate in the lower R portion 13g, and an increase in hardness due to an increase in strain can be suppressed. On the other hand, in the processing step shown in FIG. 4, the bulging portion 12d is formed in the preforming step shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, and the finish forming shown in FIGS. 4C and 4D is performed. Since the bolt head 13d and the small-diameter shaft portion 13b are simultaneously formed in the process, even if the neck lower R portion 12g of the preforming material 12 is outside the finish forming die hole mold 3, the finish forming punch 4 starts punching pressure. Then, the diameter of the bolt shaft portion formed on the large-diameter shaft portion 13a is pushed into the finish forming die hole mold 3 while slightly increasing the diameter of the bolt shaft portion 13a. The distortion of the shaft portion 13a increases. For this reason, if the molding of the small-diameter shaft portion 13b is completed in the preforming step, this increase in distortion can be avoided.

  The following tests were conducted for the forging process of hexagon bolts with M8 flanges. The diameter of the small diameter portion of the bolt shaft where the screw is formed is 7 mm, the shaft length is 25 mm, the diameter of the large diameter portion is 8 mm, and the shaft length is 20 mm. In the embodiment of the present invention, the bolt shaft length excluding the neck bottom R portion of the bolt preform 12 was 51 mm with respect to the bolt dimensions (bolt shaft length excluding the neck bottom R portion 49.5 mm). The forging method shown in FIG. 3 is set as Comparative Example 1. In Comparative Example 1, the bolt shaft length of the bolt preform 12 except for the under-R portion is 47 mm, and the forging method shown in FIG. In Comparative Example 2, the small diameter portion of the shaft portion was not formed in the preliminary forming step, and the small diameter portion was formed simultaneously with the bolt head formation in the finish forming step. As a bolt material, a rod-shaped material cut into a required length after drawing a wire having a steel type of 1513, 1524, 1536 of SAE standard was used.

  The acid atmosphere delayed fracture test conducted as a delayed fracture resistance test of the bolt finish molding materials of Examples and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was performed by immersing a test piece (bolt finish molding material) in an acid solution of 15% HCl for 30 minutes, After washing with water and drying, 90% of the tensile strength of each test piece was applied for 100 hours or more in the air, and the state of breakage of the test piece was investigated. In each of the Examples and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, 10 tests were performed for each steel type. Table 1 shows the test results. In Table 1, the ◯ marks indicate that all the 10 test pieces did not break for 100 hours or more by applying the stress, and the X marks indicate that even one test piece was broken for 100 hours or less. Indicates. In the remarks column, the number of test pieces in which breakage occurred was described.

  From Table 1, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, delayed fracture occurred in both types of steels SAE 1536 and 1524 with a large amount of C, which increases the sensitivity to delayed fracture compared to SAE 1513, whereas in the examples, SAE 1513 and 1524 In any of the steel types 1536 and 1536, no fracture occurred in all the test pieces, and it was confirmed that the present invention is extremely excellent in preventing delayed fracture.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the forging method of the volt | bolt of (a)-(d) embodiment. (A) It is explanatory drawing which shows the positional relationship of the bolt preform at the time of finish molding start, and a finish shaping | molding die hole mold (embodiment). (B) Same as above (prior art) (A)-(d) It is explanatory drawing which shows the forging method (corresponding to the comparative example 1) of the bolt of a prior art. (A)-(d) It is explanatory drawing which shows the forging method (corresponding to the comparative example 2) of the bolt of a prior art.

Explanation of symbols

1: Preliminary die hole mold 2: Preliminary punch 2a: Punch mold hole 3: Finish molding die hole mold 3a: Die hole mold end face 4: Finish molding punch
4a: punch mold hole 5, 5a: inclined inner peripheral surface 6a, 6c: large diameter side molded part 6b, 6d: small diameter side molded part 7, 7a: through hole 8: bolt material
8a: material end face 9, 9a: edge R portion 10, 10a: knockout 12: bolt preform 13: bolt finish molding 12a, 13a: bolt large diameter shaft portion 12b, 13b: bolt small diameter shaft portion 12c, 13c: Inclined shaft portion 12d: bulging portion 12e: bolt preform end face 13d: bolt head portion 12g, 13g: neck lower R portion 13f: flange portion

Claims (2)

  A rod in which a rod-shaped metal material is inserted into a preformed die hole mold and pressed at least once with a preforming punch to preform the inserted metal material, and then the pressure side bulges by preforming A cold forging method of a bolt in which a preformed material is inserted into a finish forming die hole mold provided with a knockout, and a bulging portion on the pressing side is formed on a bolt head with a finish forming punch to form a bolt finish forming material. The bolt preform has a shaft portion volume larger than the shaft finish volume of the bolt finish forming material, and the bolt has a small-diameter shaft portion on the tip end side of the bolt, and the small-diameter shaft portion. The bolt forging method is characterized in that the forming of the bolt is completed by preforming the bolt. In a state in which the bolt preform is inserted and set in the finish forming die hole mold, the bolt shaft portion facing the intersection with the inner end wall of the bolt shaft portion forming portion of the hole edge R of the finish forming die hole mold. 2. The bolt forging method according to claim 1 , wherein the position is located on the knockout side of the boundary portion between the bulging portion and the shaft portion of the bolt preform. 3.

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