JP4583154B2 - Control device for feeder system power storage system - Google Patents
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- JP4583154B2 JP4583154B2 JP2004359494A JP2004359494A JP4583154B2 JP 4583154 B2 JP4583154 B2 JP 4583154B2 JP 2004359494 A JP2004359494 A JP 2004359494A JP 2004359494 A JP2004359494 A JP 2004359494A JP 4583154 B2 JP4583154 B2 JP 4583154B2
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Description
本発明は、電気鉄道き電システムに係り、特に電力貯蔵装置を利用してき電線電圧の補償する機能を有する電力貯蔵システムの制御装置に関するするものである。 The present invention relates to an electric railway power feeding system, and more particularly to a control device for a power storage system having a function of compensating for a wire voltage by using a power storage device.
電気鉄道用き電システムは、図2の概略構成に示すように、数十キロメートルごとに設けられた変電所8,9から変成された電力を、き電線10およびトロリー線11を通して、負荷となる電車12に給電する給電システムである。
昨今の交通量の増加と電気回生車の出現により、変電所の中間点やき電回路の末端部において、電車回生時の給電電圧上昇と力行時の給電電圧降下が激しくなり、回生失効および給電電圧不足現象の出現率が増加する傾向にある。給電品質を強化するために、従来の変電所間に新たな変電所の増設が望まれるが、莫大な建設費を要する。
As shown in the schematic configuration of FIG. 2, the electric railway feeding system becomes a load through the
Due to the recent increase in traffic volume and the appearance of electric regenerative vehicles, the power supply voltage rise during train regeneration and the power supply voltage drop during power running become severe at the midpoint of the substation and at the end of the feeder circuit. Appearance rate of deficiency phenomenon tends to increase. In order to enhance the power supply quality, it is desired to add a new substation between the conventional substations, but enormous construction costs are required.
このため、給電能力の弱いところに、二次電池や大容量キャパシタ、電気二重層キャパシターなどを代表する充放電能力を有する電力貯蔵装置を設け、き電線電圧が上昇時、き電線から電力を電力貯蔵装置に充電し、き電線電圧不足時、電力貯蔵装置から貯蔵した電力をき電線へ放電して、き電線電圧の上下を一部補償するとともに、き電系統の供給電力を平準化する役割も果たすき電系統電力貯蔵システムが考案されている。 For this reason, a power storage device with charge / discharge capability, such as a secondary battery, large-capacity capacitor, or electric double layer capacitor, is installed in a place where the power supply capability is weak, and when the feeder voltage rises, power is supplied from the feeder. The role of charging the storage device and discharging the stored power from the power storage device to the feeder when the feeder voltage is insufficient, partially compensating for the upper and lower feeder voltage, and leveling the supply power of the feeder A power grid storage system has also been devised.
き電系統電力貯蔵システムの基本構成を図3に示す。図3において、10は電力を供給するき電線、13は電力貯蔵装置、14は半導体電力変換装置である。この電力貯蔵システムの基本的な運用形態については、通過電車が回生状態にある場合、半導体電力変換器14を通して電力貯蔵装置13を充電し、通過電車が力行状態にある場合は電力貯蔵装置13から半導体電力変換器14を通して放電させる。回生か力行かはき電線電圧値の大きさで判断できるので、従来では、図4に示すような特性に従って、充放電動作を制御している(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
The basic configuration of the feeder power storage system is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, 10 is a feeder for supplying power, 13 is a power storage device, and 14 is a semiconductor power converter. Regarding the basic operation mode of this power storage system, when the passing train is in a regenerative state, the
すなわち、回生時き電線電圧が上昇し、充電開始電圧値より高くなった場合、電力変換器を充電制御で動作させ、き電線にある余剰電力を電力貯蔵装置に貯めると共に、き電線電圧の上昇を抑制する。回生電力が大きいほど電圧上昇も大きいので、き電線電圧の大きさに比例して充電電力(電流)が大きく設定されている。一方、力行時き電線電圧が低下し、放電開始電圧より低くなった場合、電力変換器を放電制御で動作させ、電力貯蔵装置に貯めておいた電力をき電線に放電し、き電線電圧の不足を緩和する。回生時と同じ理由で、き電線電圧が低いほど、放電電力(電流)も大きく設定されている。 In other words, when the voltage at the time of regeneration rises and becomes higher than the charging start voltage value, the power converter is operated by charge control, and surplus power in the feeder is stored in the power storage device, and the feeder voltage rises. Suppress. Since the voltage rise increases as the regenerative power increases, the charging power (current) is set to be larger in proportion to the feeder voltage. On the other hand, when the power line voltage drops during power running and becomes lower than the discharge start voltage, the power converter is operated by discharge control, the power stored in the power storage device is discharged to the feeder line, Alleviate the shortage. For the same reason as during regeneration, the lower the feeder voltage, the greater the discharge power (current).
しかし、従来の充放電特性はき電線定格電圧値を基準にして、充放電開始電圧値などの特性点を決めており、実際のき電線電圧の平均値が定格電圧値と異なったとき、予想したき電線電圧補償効果も、電力貯蔵システムの利用効率も大幅に下がることが明らかである。
き電線電圧が全線路に渡って、場所によっても、時間帯によっても異なるのが一般的である。変電所に近いところでは平均電圧が高め、遠いところでは低めになりがち、また、朝夕のラッシュ時、き電系統の負荷が大きくなり、き電線電圧が下がり、そうでない閑散時間帯にはき電線電圧が逆に上がってしまう。さらに季節によっても電圧が変わる傾向があることが考えられる。従って、従来のように、充放電特性を固定している電力貯蔵装置の運用方法では、装置の稼働率、設備利用率などの面においては効率が低いことが予想できる。
場所ごとの電圧の差異で起因する補償効果の劣化を防ぐために、従来では、電力貯蔵装置の設置場所の電圧値を計測し、計測した電圧値に基づいて、電力貯蔵装置の充放電特性を決める方法を取り、設置場所による特性の差異を吸収する。しかし、この方法では装置ごとに調整しなければならいため、設置、保守などの面において不利である。また、時間帯による電圧補償特性のばらつきは依然として解消することができない。
However, characteristic points such as the charging / discharging start voltage value are determined based on the conventional charging / discharging characteristics of the feeder cable rated voltage value, and when the average value of the actual feeder voltage differs from the rated voltage value, It is clear that the wire voltage compensation effect and the utilization efficiency of the power storage system are greatly reduced.
In general, the feeder voltage varies over the entire line, depending on the location and time zone. The average voltage tends to be higher near the substation and lower at far distances. Also, during morning and evening rush hours, the load on the feeder line increases, and the feeder voltage drops. The voltage goes up conversely. Furthermore, the voltage may change depending on the season. Therefore, it can be expected that the operation method of the power storage device in which the charge / discharge characteristics are fixed as in the prior art is low in efficiency in terms of the operation rate of the device, the facility utilization rate, and the like.
In order to prevent the deterioration of the compensation effect caused by the voltage difference at each location, conventionally, the voltage value at the location where the power storage device is installed is measured, and the charge / discharge characteristics of the power storage device are determined based on the measured voltage value. Take the method and absorb the difference in characteristics depending on the installation location. However, this method must be adjusted for each device, which is disadvantageous in terms of installation and maintenance. In addition, variations in voltage compensation characteristics due to time zones still cannot be eliminated.
本発明は上述した点に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的とするところは、上記した問題点に対して、電力貯蔵装置の充放電特性を固定せず、装置自身に学習させることによって、設置の手間を省き、時間帯の補償特性の差異を吸収して、電力貯蔵システムを常に最高の補償特性で維持できる制御装置を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and the object of the present invention is to fix the charging / discharging characteristics of the power storage device by fixing the charging / discharging characteristics of the power storage device by learning the device itself. It is an object of the present invention to provide a control device that can save the trouble of time and absorb the difference in the compensation characteristics of the time zone and always maintain the power storage system with the best compensation characteristics.
つまり、その目的を達成するために、き電系統電力貯蔵システムに対し、き電系統のき電線電圧を検出する第1の手段と、第1の手段より求められたき電線電圧値に基づき、時間帯のき電線電圧平均値を求める第2の手段と、第2の手段で求められたき電線電圧時間帯平均値に基づき、き電系統電力貯蔵装置の充放電特性を学習する第3の手段と、前記第1の手段より求められたき電線電圧値と第3の手段より学習された充放電特性に基づき、前記電力貯蔵装置の充放電すべき電力値を算出する第4の手段とを設け、前記第4の手段で求められた電力貯蔵装置の充放電すべき電力値を前記半導体電力変換器の電力制御指令値とすることによって、電力貯蔵装置システムの充放電動作を制御する。 In other words, in order to achieve the object, the feeder system power storage system is provided with a first means for detecting the feeder voltage of the feeder system, and based on the feeder voltage value obtained by the first means, the time A second means for determining a feeder voltage average value; a third means for learning charge / discharge characteristics of the feeder power storage device based on the feeder voltage time zone average value obtained by the second means; And a fourth means for calculating a power value to be charged / discharged of the power storage device based on the feeder voltage value obtained by the first means and the charge / discharge characteristics learned by the third means, The charge / discharge operation of the power storage device system is controlled by setting the power value to be charged / discharged of the power storage device obtained by the fourth means as the power control command value of the semiconductor power converter.
本発明の請求項によれば、設置場所または時間帯の違いによるき電線電圧の差異で起因される電力貯蔵システムの稼働率の悪化を防ぐことができ、従来では問題となっている回生失効、電圧不足等の問題を大幅に解消することができる。これによって、システム運用に必要とする電力貯蔵装置の電力貯蔵容量を大幅に縮小することができ、システムの構築コストを下げ、設備効率を向上することが可能となる。 According to the claims of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the operating rate of the power storage system caused by the difference in feeder voltage due to the difference in installation location or time zone, the regenerative invalidation that has been a problem in the past, Problems such as voltage shortage can be greatly solved. As a result, the power storage capacity of the power storage device required for system operation can be greatly reduced, the system construction cost can be reduced, and the facility efficiency can be improved.
図1は本発明のき電系統電力貯蔵システム制御装置の構成を示す図である。同図において、1はき電線電圧を検出する第1の手段であり、2は第1の手段より得られたき電線電圧検出値に基づき、時間帯のき電線電圧平均値を求める第2の手段であり、3は第2の手段で求められたき電線電圧時間帯平均値に基づき、電力貯蔵装置の充放電特性を学習する第3の手段であり、4は第1の手段より得られたき電線電圧検出値と第3の手段より学習された充放電電力特性とに基づき、電力貯蔵装置の充放電すべき電力値を求める第4の手段であり、5は半導体変換器の電力制御器である。本発明では、第4の手段より得た電力貯蔵装置の充放電すべき電力値を5の変換器電力制御器の電力指令値としている。電力制御器の制御動作より、電力貯蔵装置の充放電電力を前記電力指令値と一致させることにより、所望の制御効果を達成させている。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a feeder system power storage system control device of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a first means for detecting feeder voltage, and reference numeral 2 is a second means for obtaining a feeder voltage average value in a time zone based on a feeder voltage detection value obtained from the first means. 3 is a third means for learning the charge / discharge characteristics of the power storage device based on the feeder voltage time zone average obtained by the second means, and 4 is the feeder obtained by the first means. Based on the detected voltage value and the charge / discharge power characteristics learned from the third means, there is a fourth means for obtaining the power value to be charged / discharged by the power storage device, and 5 is a power controller of the semiconductor converter. . In this invention, the electric power value which should be charged / discharged of the electric power storage apparatus obtained from the 4th means is made into the electric power command value of the converter electric power controller of 5. The desired control effect is achieved by matching the charge / discharge power of the power storage device with the power command value by the control operation of the power controller.
以下、本発明の実施例である図1に示したき電系統電力貯蔵システム制御装置の原理を詳述する。
第1の手段はき電線電圧(VL)を検出する手段であり、直流電圧を検出できる電圧センサを用いればよい。
第2の手段はき電線電圧(VL)の時間帯平均値(Vav)を求める手段であり、き電線電圧値をローパスフィルタを通して求められる。ローパスフィルタは移動平均フィルタまたは(1)式のように一次ローパスフィルタを用いれば容易に実現できる。
Hereinafter, the principle of the feeder power storage system control device shown in FIG. 1, which is an embodiment of the present invention, will be described in detail.
The first means is a means for detecting the feeder voltage (V L ), and a voltage sensor capable of detecting a DC voltage may be used.
The second means is a means for obtaining the time zone average value (Vav) of the feeder voltage (V L ), and the feeder voltage value is obtained through a low-pass filter. The low-pass filter can be easily realized by using a moving average filter or a primary low-pass filter as shown in the equation (1).
第3の手段は電力貯蔵装置の充放電特性の学習手段であるが、1実施例として、図5を用いて説明する。
まず、充放電特性の基本パターンを設定する。すなわち、き電線電圧平均値(Vav)を基準にして、VavよりVd程度小さい電圧値を放電開始電圧とし、VavよりVc程度大きい電圧値を充電開始電圧とする。また、充電開始電圧以上また放電開始電圧以下の電圧における充放電電力特性を従来の通りにき電系統側の要求に従って設定する。
この方法の特徴は充放電開始電圧値などの特性値が固定されておらず、基準電圧のき電線電圧平均値に従ってシフト(学習)できることにある。
このシフトによって、電車の回生力行によるき電線電圧の変化は確実に補償でき、また、それ以外の補償の必要の無い電圧変化による余分な充放電動作を排除することができる。
The third means is a learning means for the charge / discharge characteristics of the power storage device, and will be described as an example with reference to FIG.
First, a basic pattern of charge / discharge characteristics is set. That is, a voltage value smaller than Vav by about Vd with respect to the feeder voltage average value (Vav) is set as a discharge start voltage, and a voltage value larger than Vav by about Vc is set as a charge start voltage. Further, the charge / discharge power characteristic at a voltage not lower than the charge start voltage and not higher than the discharge start voltage is set according to the request on the feeder system side as before.
The feature of this method is that the characteristic value such as the charge / discharge start voltage value is not fixed and can be shifted (learned) according to the feeder voltage average value of the reference voltage.
By this shift, a change in feeder voltage due to regenerative power running of the train can be reliably compensated, and an extra charge / discharge operation due to a voltage change that does not require any other compensation can be eliminated.
第4の手段は電力貯蔵システムの充放電電力値を求める手段であり、これは第1の手段で求められたき電線電圧検出値を索引として、第3の手段で学習された充放電特性に従って容易に求めることができる。
本発明は以上の第1〜第4の手段を備え、第4の手段で求められた充放電電力値を半導体電力変換器の制御器の指令値とすることによって、き電系統電力貯蔵システムを効率よく運用できるようにしたものである。
The fourth means is a means for obtaining the charge / discharge power value of the power storage system, and this is easy according to the charge / discharge characteristics learned by the third means, using the feeder voltage detection value obtained by the first means as an index. Can be requested.
The present invention includes the first to fourth means described above, and uses the charge / discharge power value obtained by the fourth means as a command value for the controller of the semiconductor power converter, thereby It is designed to operate efficiently.
以上は本発明請求項に請求した内容である。なお、以上で充放電電力特性を用いて説明したが、充放電電流特性に置換えても成立するのが明らかである。 The above is the content claimed in the claims of the present invention. In addition, although it demonstrated using the charging / discharging electric power characteristic above, it is clear even if it replaces with a charging / discharging electric current characteristic.
以上詳述したように、本発明のき電系統電力貯蔵システムの制御装置を利用すれば、
設置場所または時間帯のき電線電圧の差異による補償特性の劣化を防げ、システムの稼働率を向上させることができるとともに、必要とする貯蔵装置の容量を小さくすることができる。システムの構築コストを下げることができるので、電気鉄道用き電システムの電力貯蔵システム、例えばバッテリポスト、キャパシタポスト、フライホイールポストシステム等に適用できる。また、電車車上用電力貯蔵システムにも適用可能である。
As described above in detail, if the control device of the power grid power storage system of the present invention is used,
It is possible to prevent the deterioration of the compensation characteristic due to the difference in feeder voltage between the installation location and the time zone, to improve the operation rate of the system, and to reduce the required capacity of the storage device. Since the construction cost of the system can be reduced, it can be applied to a power storage system of an electric railway feeding system, for example, a battery post, a capacitor post, a flywheel post system and the like. It can also be applied to a train car power storage system.
1 本発明の第1の手段
2 本発明の第2の手段
3 本発明の第3の手段
4 本発明の第4の手段
5 半導体変換器の電力制御器
8 交流電力系統
9 整流装置
10 き電線
11 トロリー線
12 電車
13 電力貯蔵装置
14 半導体電力変換器
s ラプラス演算子
T ローパスフィルタ時定数
Vav き電線電圧平均値
VL き電線電圧(検出値)
Vc 充電開始電圧と基準電圧との差
Vd 放電開始電圧と基準電圧との差
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st means of this invention 2 2nd means of this invention 3 3rd means of this invention 4 4th means of this
T Low-pass filter time constant
Vav feeder voltage average value
VL feeder voltage (detected value)
Vc Difference between charge start voltage and reference voltage
Vd Difference between discharge start voltage and reference voltage
Claims (1)
前記き電系統のき電線電圧を検出する第1の手段と、第1の手段より求められたき電線電圧値に基づき、時間帯のき電線電圧平均値を求める第2の手段と、第2の手段で求められたき電線電圧時間帯平均値に基づき、き電系統電力貯蔵装置の充放電特性を学習する第3の手段と、前記第1の手段より求められたき電線電圧値と第3の手段より学習された充放電特性に基づき、前記電力貯蔵装置の充放電すべき電力値を算出する第4の手段と、
を設け、前記第4の手段で求められた電力貯蔵装置の充放電すべき電力値を前記半導体電力変換器の電力制御指令値としたことを特徴とするき電系統電力貯蔵システムの制御装置。
In a control device for a feeder system power storage system comprising a feeder system for an electric railway and a power storage device capable of storing and supplying power energy via a semiconductor power converter having a charge / discharge power control function ,
A first means for detecting a feeder voltage of the feeder system; a second means for obtaining an average value of feeder voltage in a time zone based on a feeder voltage value obtained by the first means; A third means for learning charge / discharge characteristics of the feeder system power storage device based on the feeder voltage time zone average value obtained by the means; a feeder voltage value obtained by the first means; and a third means. A fourth means for calculating a power value to be charged / discharged of the power storage device based on the learned charge / discharge characteristics;
And the power value to be charged / discharged of the power storage device obtained by the fourth means is used as a power control command value for the semiconductor power converter.
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JP5044340B2 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2012-10-10 | 株式会社東芝 | Substation and electric railway feeding system using power storage elements |
JP2009273218A (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-19 | Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Power accumulation system |
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