JP4429851B2 - 耐久性に優れた電解質膜 - Google Patents
耐久性に優れた電解質膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4429851B2 JP4429851B2 JP2004260905A JP2004260905A JP4429851B2 JP 4429851 B2 JP4429851 B2 JP 4429851B2 JP 2004260905 A JP2004260905 A JP 2004260905A JP 2004260905 A JP2004260905 A JP 2004260905A JP 4429851 B2 JP4429851 B2 JP 4429851B2
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- electrolyte membrane
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- fuel cell
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 105
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 80
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIYIGPVBMDKPCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(ethenoxymethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound C=COCC1(COC=C)CCCCC1 HIYIGPVBMDKPCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYIGRWUIQAVBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-ethenoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound C=COCCOCCOCCOC=C CYIGRWUIQAVBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXHDVRATSGZISC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenoxy)ethane Chemical compound C=COCCOC=C ZXHDVRATSGZISC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAMJGBVVQUEMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-(2-ethenoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound C=COCCOCCOC=C SAMJGBVVQUEMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQILVUYCDHSGEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)O)CCC1CN1C(=O)C=CC1=O LQILVUYCDHSGEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRXXLCKWQFKACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenylacetylene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JRXXLCKWQFKACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N trans,trans-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/009—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes with wave-energy, particle-radiation or plasma
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
- B01D67/00931—Chemical modification by introduction of specific groups after membrane formation, e.g. by grafting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/36—Polytetrafluoroethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/38—Graft polymerization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
Description
固体高分子型燃料電池においては、電解質膜はプロトンを伝導するための電解質として機能し、同時に燃料である水素やメタノールと酸素とを直接混合させないための隔膜としての役割も有する。このような電解質膜としては、電解質としてイオン交換容量が高いこと、電流を長時間流すため電気的化学的に安定であり電気抵抗が低いこと、膜の力学的強度が強いこと、燃料である水素ガスやメタノールおよび酸素ガスについてガス透過性の低いこと等が要求される。
すなわち、本発明の固体高分子型燃料電池の電解質膜は、フッ素系高分子基材に陽イオン交換基としてスルホン基を有するモノマーがグラフトされた電解質膜であって、グラフト鎖の主鎖が、炭化水素または、部分的にフッ素化された炭化水素から構成され、その側鎖としてスルホン基またはスルホン基を有する置換基が結合したものであり、ESCAによる元素組成比において、電解質膜の少なくとも一の表面のO/S値が5.0以上であり、Sの表面元素比率が0.4以上5.0%以下であることを特徴とする、電解質膜である。
また、ビニル系モノマーとして、分子中にグラフト反応性のある不飽和結合を複数有する架橋剤を用いることも可能である。ビニル系モノマーとしては、これらに限定されないが、具体的には、1,2-ビス(p-ビニルフェニル)、ジビニルスルホン、エチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、ジビニルベンゼン、シクロヘキサンジメタノールジビニルエーテル、フェニルアセチレン、ジフェニルアセチレン、1,4-ジフェニル-1,3-ブタジエン、ジアリルエーテル、2,4,6-トリアリルオキシ-1,3,5-トリアジン、トリアリル-1,2,4-ベンゼントリカルボキシレート、トリアリル-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-トリオン、ブタジエン、イソブテンなどを挙げることができる。このような架橋剤を用いることにより、グラフト鎖を架橋させることができる。グラフト鎖に架橋構造を形成することにより、膜の膨潤を抑制することができる。
(実施例1)
PTFEフィルム(日東電工製、品番No900;厚さ50μm)を10cm角に切断し、ヒーター付のSUS製オートクレーブ照射容器(内径4cm、高さ30cm)に入れ、容器内を1×10-2Torr(1.3Pa)に脱気したあと、容器内に内圧が1気圧となるようにアルゴンガスを充填した。次いで、容器ヒーターを加熱して容器内の温度を340℃とし、60Co-γ線を線量率3kGy/hrで線量120kGy照射した。照射後、容器を冷却して、フィルムを取り出し架橋PTFEを得た。
(実施例2)
基材としてPVDFフィルム(厚さ50μm)を使用したこと、重合前にフィルムの架橋処理を行わなかったこと、そしてグラフト反応の際に処理混合液投入後60℃で2時間加熱したこと以外は上記実施例1の手順に従い、電解質膜2を得た。
(実施例3)
モノマーとしてスチレンではなく4-メチルスチレンを使用したこと以外は上記実施例2の手順に従い、電解質膜3を得た。
(実施例4)
スパッタリング処理の処理エネルギーを3J/cm2としたこと以外は上記実施例2の手順に従い、電解質膜4を得た。
(実施例5)
グラフト反応の際に処理混合液投入後60℃で5時間加熱したこと以外は上記実施例2の手順に従い、電解質膜5を得た。
(実施例6)
グラフト反応の際に処理混合液投入後60℃で2時間加熱したこと以外は上記実施例1の手順に従い、電解質膜6を得た。
(比較例1)
スパッタリング処理を行わなかったこと以外は上記実施例2の手順に従い、電解質膜11を得た。
(比較例2)
スパッタ処理時の処理エネルギーを3J/cm2としたこと以外は上記実施例5の手順に従い、電解質膜12を得た。
(比較例3)
グラフト反応の際に処理混合液投入後60℃で30分間加熱したこと以外は上記実施例1の手順に従い、電解質膜13を得た。
(比較例4)
グラフト反応処理を行わなかったこと以外は上記実施例2の手順に従い、電解質膜14を得た。
(特性の評価方法)
(1)グラフト率(Xds)
下式によりグラフト率を算出した。
W1:グラフト前の高分子基材の重量(g)
W2:グラフト後の高分子基材の重量(g)
(2)電気伝導度(κ)
電解質膜の電気伝導度は、交流法による測定(新実験化学講座19,高分子化学<II>,
p992,丸善)で、通常の膜抵抗測定セルとLCRメーター(E-4925A;ヒューレットパッカード製)を使用し、膜抵抗(Rm)の測定を行った。1M硫酸水溶液をセルに満たして膜の有無による白金電極間(距離5mm)の抵抗を測定し、下式を用いて膜の電気伝導度(比伝導度)を算出した。
(3)面積変化率(S)
電解質膜を50mm×50mmに裁断し、それを乾燥機中に放置し十分乾燥させたあとの面積をS1、このサンプルを40重量%メタノール水溶液中に液温25℃±2℃で24時間浸漬したあとの面積をS2とし、これらの値を基に下式により面積変化率Lを算出した。
(4)O/S値、Sの表面元素比率
分析機器としてESCA(X線光電子分光分析装置)を用い、下記条件にて表面元素比率を測定し、この結果を基に算出した。
測定面積:φ200μm
X線出力:30W(15kV)
X線源:モノクロAlKα
光電子取出し角:45°
中和条件:中和銃とイオン銃(中和モード)の併用
(O/S値)=(Oの表面元素比率;Atomic%)/(Sの表面元素比率;Atomic%)
(5)接着性
以下に示す方法で、電解質膜の電極に対する接着性試験を行った。
(評価結果)
結果を次の表に示す。
Claims (3)
- ポリテトラフルオロエチレンまたはポリフッ化ビニリデンからなるフッ素系高分子膜を用意する工程(a)と、
前記フッ素系高分子膜に、以下:
前記グラフト鎖にスルホン基を導入する工程(c)と、
前記工程(c)で得られた膜の少なくとも一の表面に放電処理を行う工程(d)と、
を含み、
ESCAによる元素組成比で、前記工程(d)で得られた膜の少なくとも一の表面のO/S値が5.0以上であり、Sの表面元素比率が0.4%以上5.0%以下であり、上記工程(d)で得られた膜の、放電処理を行った表面が電極と接触することを特徴とする、固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜の製造方法。 - 前記放電処理が、グロー放電によるプラズマ処理またはスパッタエッチング処理のいずれかである、請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(d)で得られた膜が、40重量%メタノール水溶液中に液温25℃±2℃で24時間浸漬したあとの面積変化率が40%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜の製造方法。
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JP2004260905A JP4429851B2 (ja) | 2004-09-08 | 2004-09-08 | 耐久性に優れた電解質膜 |
EP05019241A EP1643579A3 (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2005-09-05 | Polymer electrolyte membrane having excellent durability |
US11/218,486 US7482388B2 (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2005-09-06 | Polymer electrolyte membrane having excellent durability |
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JP2006172858A (ja) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Nitto Denko Corp | 電極に対する接着性に優れた電解質膜 |
US7717273B2 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2010-05-18 | Millipore Corporation | Membrane surface modification by radiation-induced polymerization |
US9144824B2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2015-09-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Atmospheric pressure plasma-induced graft polymerization |
FR2921518B1 (fr) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-12-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'elaboration de membranes conductrices de protons de pile a combustible par radiogreffage |
US20090311540A1 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-17 | Yoram Cohen | Highly Sensitive and Selective Nano-Structured Grafted Polymer Layers |
KR20130114187A (ko) | 2011-01-19 | 2013-10-16 | 클리어엣지 파워 코포레이션 | Pem 적용을 위한 양자 전도성 멤브레인을 보강하기 위한 다공성 나노-섬유 매트 |
US20170028358A1 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Pall Corporation | Hydrophilizing ptfe membranes |
KR101977639B1 (ko) * | 2016-02-16 | 2019-05-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전극조립체 및 그의 제조방법 |
DE102016226291A1 (de) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schutzschicht mit verbesserter Kontaktierung für Lithium-Zellen und/oder Lithium-Batterien |
CN111249923B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-08-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种阳离子交换膜成膜方法及由其制备的阳离子交换膜 |
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US5399184A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-03-21 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Method for fabricating gas diffusion electrode assembly for fuel cells |
WO1996029752A1 (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-09-26 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Membranes containing inorganic fillers and membrane and electrode assemblies and electrochemical cells employing same |
US5672438A (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1997-09-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Membrane and electrode assembly employing exclusion membrane for direct methanol fuel cell |
US5981097A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-11-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Multiple layer membranes for fuel cells employing direct feed fuels |
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US7094469B2 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2006-08-22 | Mykrolis Corporation | Porous or non-porous substrate coated with an immobilized polymeric composition having sulfonyl groups and hydrophilic functional groups and process |
US7094501B2 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2006-08-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Graft oligomeric electrolytes |
WO2003034529A1 (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2003-04-24 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid polymer membrane for fuel cell with polyamine imbibed therein for reducing methanol permeability |
JP2007528843A (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2007-10-18 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | フッ素化スルホンアミド化合物、およびそれらから製造された、電気化学電池に使用するためのポリマー電解質膜 |
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EP1643579A2 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
JP2006079887A (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
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