JP4170177B2 - Power storage device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power storage device that can be repeatedly charged and discharged and a power output device including the same.

  An example of a conventional power storage device is disclosed in JP-A-6-264851 (Patent Document 1). This device is a power storage device for automobiles, and includes two storage batteries, a start storage battery and a load storage battery. For example, an instantaneous load such as a starter motor for starting the engine is shared by the starting storage battery, and a steady load such as a lamp is shared by the load storage battery. As a result, the start-up storage battery can be designed for efficient discharge, and the load storage battery can be designed for low-rate discharge, thereby extending the life of the storage battery. In addition, an automobile power storage device disclosed in Patent Document 2 is disclosed.

JP-A-6-264851 JP-A-5-343103

  However, since such a storage battery stores energy to be supplied to a load using an electrochemical reaction, there is a limit to the power that can be instantaneously extracted and the extension of life. Therefore, in this conventional power storage device, there is a problem that it is difficult to take out a large amount of power instantaneously and extend its life.

  On the other hand, as a power storage device that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, an electric double layer capacitor is also used in addition to a storage battery. Since the electric double layer capacitor does not use an electrochemical reaction, a large electric power can be taken out instantaneously and has a long life. However, the electric double layer capacitor has a problem that the stored energy is inferior to that of a storage battery using an electrochemical reaction, and it is difficult to store large energy.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a power storage device that can store a large amount of energy and can take out a large amount of electric power instantaneously, and can achieve a longer life, and a power output device including the power storage device.

In order to achieve such an object, a power storage device according to a reference example of the present invention includes a first load and a second load that is driven less frequently and consumes more power during driving than the first load. , An electric double layer capacitor, a secondary battery capable of charging the electric double layer capacitor, the secondary battery and the electric double layer Current limiting means for limiting a current flowing between the capacitor and a booster circuit that boosts the voltage of the secondary battery and supplies the boosted voltage to the electric double layer capacitor, and drives the first load The power for driving is supplied from a secondary battery, and the power for driving the second load is supplied from an electric double layer capacitor.

According to the reference example of the present invention , a large amount of energy can be stored in the secondary battery, and a large amount of electric power can be instantaneously extracted from the electric double layer capacitor. Furthermore, according to the reference example of the present invention, power is supplied not from the secondary battery but from the electric double layer capacitor that can take out the high power instantaneously for the load that is required to supply high power instantaneously although the drive frequency is low. The current flowing between the secondary battery and the electric double layer capacitor is limited by the current limiting means. Therefore, voltage fluctuation due to large current discharge of the secondary battery can be suppressed, and thus the life of the power storage device can be extended.

Furthermore, according to the reference example of the present invention, it is possible to increase the electrical energy that can be stored in the electric double layer capacitor by providing a booster circuit that boosts the voltage of the secondary battery and supplies the boosted voltage to the electric double layer capacitor. And the electric current at the time of driving a 2nd load can be reduced.

The power storage device according to the first aspect of the present invention can supply power for driving the first load and the second load that is driven less frequently and consumes more power during driving than the first load. A plurality of electric double layer capacitors connected in series, a secondary battery capable of charging the plurality of electric double layer capacitors, and between both terminals of each electric double layer capacitor. A charging transformer that is magnetically coupled and can apply substantially the same induced voltage between both terminals of each electric double layer capacitor, and the induced voltage is applied between both terminals of each electric double layer capacitor, Switching means capable of switching the connection state between each electric double layer capacitor and the charging transformer, and control means for performing switching control of the connection state between each electric double layer capacitor and the charging transformer, Multiple electric double layer carriers Shita is composed of an electric double layer capacitor connected between both terminals of the secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor not connected between both terminals of the secondary battery, and a plurality of electric double layer capacitors using the secondary battery. For the electric double layer capacitor that is not connected between both terminals of the secondary battery when charging, the control means switches the connection state between each electric double layer capacitor and the charging transformer so that the charging transformer The induced voltage generated in the capacitor is charged and charged, the charging voltage of the plurality of electric double layer capacitors is larger than the voltage of the secondary battery, and the power for driving the first load is from the secondary battery. The supplied electric power for driving the second load is supplied from a plurality of electric double layer capacitors.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since substantially the same induced voltage can be applied between both terminals of each electric double layer capacitor, charging can be performed so that the voltage of each electric double layer capacitor becomes equal. it can. Furthermore, since the electric double layer capacitor that is not connected between both terminals of the secondary battery is charged by applying the induced voltage generated in the charging transformer, for example, for boosting such as a DC-DC converter. The electric double layer capacitor can be charged by boosting the voltage from the secondary battery without using a circuit. Therefore, the electrical energy that can be stored in the electric double layer capacitor can be increased, and the current when driving the second load can be reduced.

A power storage device according to a second aspect of the present invention is the device according to the first aspect of the present invention, and flows between the secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor connected between both terminals of the secondary battery. It is characterized by comprising current limiting means for limiting the current.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the current flowing between the secondary battery and the electric double layer capacitor is limited, voltage fluctuation caused by the large current discharge of the secondary battery can be suppressed. Therefore, the life of the power storage device can be extended.

A power storage device according to a third aspect of the present invention is the device according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the charging transformer is divided into a plurality of transformers, and the transformers are electrically connected. It is connected via both terminals of the double layer capacitor. A power output device according to a reference example of the present invention is a power output device including the power storage device of the present invention and an internal combustion engine for power output, wherein the second load is an electric motor capable of starting the internal combustion engine, The electric power supplied from the electric double layer capacitor is consumed by the electric motor for starting the internal combustion engine.

According to the reference example of the present invention, since the internal combustion engine can be started by the electric power supplied from the electric double layer capacitor that can take out large electric power instantaneously, the startability of the internal combustion engine can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings.

(1) 1st Embodiment FIG. 1: is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the power output device containing the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. The power output apparatus according to this embodiment includes a secondary battery S101, an electric double layer capacitor C100, current limiting means 14, a generator 16, an internal combustion engine 18, and an electric motor 20. In addition, as an application example of the power output apparatus according to the present embodiment, an example used for a vehicle including the internal combustion engine 18 as a power source can be given.

  The secondary battery S101 can store electrical energy using an electrochemical reaction. The electric double layer capacitor C100 can store electric energy without using an electrochemical reaction, and is connected to both terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101. Although not shown, the electric double layer capacitor C100 is configured by connecting a plurality of capacitors in series or in series and parallel, and the withstand voltage of the entire capacitor is higher than the rated voltage of the secondary battery S101. Yes. Further, the terminal TM112 of the secondary battery S101 is grounded.

  The current limiting means 14 is provided between the secondary battery S101 and the electric double layer capacitor C100 in order to limit the current flowing between the secondary battery S101 and the electric double layer capacitor C100. As an example of a specific configuration of the current limiting unit 14, the current limiting unit 14 of the present invention can be realized only by a resistor.

  The internal combustion engine 18 for power output can output power to a load (not shown) such as a wheel connected to the output shaft. Further, when the internal combustion engine 18 is operated, the generator 16 is driven to a power generation state.

  A generator 16 is connected via a switch 32 between both terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101. When the switch 32 is in the conductive state (when the ignition is on) and the generator 16 is operated in the power generation state, the secondary battery S101 can be charged by the generator 16.

  A voltage from the secondary battery S101 is applied to the electric double layer capacitor C100. The electric double layer capacitor C100 can be charged by the applied voltage from the secondary battery S101. However, the current limiting means 14 limits the current flowing from the secondary battery S101 to the electric double layer capacitor C100 side. This current limiting means 14 suppresses voltage fluctuations of the secondary battery S101.

  A load 22 is further connected via a switch 32 between both terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101. The load 22 can be driven by the power supplied from the secondary battery S101 or the power supplied from the secondary battery S101 and the generator 16. Here, the load 22 is a vehicle electrical component including, for example, an air conditioner, audio, lamps, warning lights, and the like, and is a load that is almost always driven when the switch 32 is turned on (when the ignition is on). . The current limiting means 14 limits the current flowing from the electric double layer capacitor C100 to the load 22 side.

  The electric motor 20 is connected via a switch 34 between both terminals TM101 and TM102 of the electric double layer capacitor C100. The internal combustion engine 18 in a stopped state can be started by driving the electric motor 20 with electric power supplied from the electric double layer capacitor C100 when the switch 34 is turned on.

  Here, in the vehicle provided with the power output apparatus of the present embodiment, the internal combustion engine 18 is temporarily stopped when the vehicle is stopped, and the switch 34 is turned on when starting to perform the control to restart the internal combustion engine 18 with the electric motor 20. . When the internal combustion engine 18 is started, a large amount of electric power is instantaneously consumed by the electric motor 20. As described above, the electric motor 20 here is a load that consumes a large amount of power and is driven instantaneously, has a lower driving frequency than the load 22 and has a large power consumption during driving.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, for example, the electric motor 20 used for starting the internal combustion engine 18 has a low driving frequency but requires a high power instantaneously for a load that requires a high power supply instantaneously. Electric power is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor C100 that can take out. On the other hand, for example, a load 22 that does not need to be supplied with high power instantaneously as in the case of vehicle electrical components but is driven almost constantly is supplied with power from a secondary battery S101 that can store large energy. Thus, in the power storage device of the present embodiment, large energy can be stored in the secondary battery S101 and large power can be instantaneously taken out from the electric double layer capacitor C100. Further, since the electric motor 20 that is a load that is required to supply a large amount of electric power instantaneously is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor C100 instead of the secondary battery S101, the life of the power storage device can be extended.

  And when starting the internal combustion engine 18 in a stopped state by the electric motor 20, since the large electric power can be instantaneously supplied from the electric double layer capacitor C100, the startability of the internal combustion engine 18 can be improved.

  Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, the current limiting means 14 for limiting the current flowing between the secondary battery S101 and the electric double layer capacitor C100 is provided. By this current limiting means 14, the current flowing from the secondary battery S101 to the electric motor 20 side and the current flowing from the electric double layer capacitor C100 to the load 22 side can be limited. Therefore, the life of the power storage device can be further extended.

(2) 2nd Embodiment FIG. 2: is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the power output device containing the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. In the present embodiment, a booster circuit 30 that boosts the voltage of the secondary battery S101 and supplies it to the electric double layer capacitor C100 is provided between the current limiting means 14 and the electric double layer capacitor C100. The booster circuit 30 is configured by a DC-DC converter, for example, and is controlled so that its output voltage does not exceed the withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitor C100. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, a large amount of energy can be accumulated, a large amount of electric power can be taken out instantaneously, and a long life can be realized. Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, by providing the booster circuit 30 that boosts the voltage of the secondary battery S101 and supplies it to the electric double layer capacitor C100, the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor C100 is made higher than the voltage of the secondary battery S101. Since it can be increased, the electrical energy that can be stored in the electric double layer capacitor C100 can be increased. Furthermore, the current flowing from the electric double layer capacitor C100 to the electric motor 20 when starting the internal combustion engine 18 can be reduced.

  In the above description, the case where the booster circuit 30 is provided between the current limiting unit 14 and the electric double layer capacitor C100 has been described. However, the booster circuit 30 includes the secondary battery S101 and the current limiting unit 14. It may be provided between them.

(3) Third Embodiment FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a power storage device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Although illustration of the generator 16, the internal combustion engine 18, the electric motor 20, and the load 22 is omitted in FIG. 3, their configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, a charging transformer T101, switches SW101 to SW106, and a switch control circuit B101 are further provided.

  Electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are connected in series with each other. Each of the electric double layer capacitors connected in series may be a single electric double layer capacitor cell or a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells connected in parallel.

  Electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106 are connected between the terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101 via the current limiting means 14. On the other hand, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are not connected between both terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101. In this way, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are connected between the electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106 connected between the terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101 and between the terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101. The electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are not formed. In addition, the withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106 as a whole is higher than the rated voltage of the secondary battery S101.

  The charging transformer T101 includes charging windings L101 to L106 and a recovery winding L141. Charging windings L101 to L106 are provided corresponding to electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, respectively, and are connected between both terminals of electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. The charging windings L101 to L106 are magnetically coupled to each other, and the number of turns is set to be substantially equal, so that substantially the same induction is caused between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. A voltage can be applied.

  The recovery winding L141 is connected between both terminals TM101 and TM102 of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. The ratio of the number of windings of the recovery winding L141 and the number of windings of the charging windings L101 to L106 is set substantially equal to the number of electric double layer capacitors connected in series. The recovery winding L141 is magnetically coupled to the charging windings L101 to L106, so that an induced voltage can be applied to the entire electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. Further, between the recovery winding L141 and the electric double layer capacitor C101, a rectifier diode CD101 that allows only a current flow from the recovery winding L141 to the electric double layer capacitor C101 is provided.

  The switches SW101 to SW106 as switching means are between the capacitor C101 and the winding L101, between the capacitor C102 and the winding L102, between the capacitor C103 and the winding L103, between the capacitor C104 and the winding L104, It is possible to switch between conduction / non-conduction between the capacitor C105 and the winding L105 and between the capacitor C106 and the winding L106. An FET can be used as an example of the switches SW101 to SW106.

  The switch control circuit B101 serving as a control unit performs control to alternately switch the conduction / non-conduction of the switches SW101 to SW106 in synchronization.

  The number n1 of electric double layer capacitors connected in series and the number n2 of electric double layer capacitors connected between both terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101 should be arbitrarily set under the condition of n1> n2. Can do.

  Since the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted, and the operation of the present embodiment will be described below.

  The voltage from the secondary battery S101 is applied to the electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106. On the other hand, the switch control circuit B101 performs control to switch alternately while synchronizing the conduction / non-conduction of the switches SW101 to SW106.

  Here, since the number of turns of the charging windings L101 to L106 magnetically coupled to each other is substantially equal, the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L106 when the switches SW101 to SW106 are conductive are substantially the same. Since the charging windings L101 to L106 are respectively connected between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, the induced voltage generated in the charging windings L101 to L106 is almost the average of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. When the switches SW101 to SW106 are turned on, this voltage is applied to each of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. Thus, although the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are not connected between the terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101, the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L103 can be applied, respectively. Since it can, it can charge.

  If the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 vary when the switches SW101 to SW106 are turned on, the capacitor having a voltage higher than the induced voltage is connected to the charging winding connected between both terminals of the capacitor. A discharge current flows, and for a capacitor whose voltage is lower than the induced voltage, a charging current flows from a charging winding connected between both terminals of the capacitor. Therefore, charging is performed so that the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are equal.

  When the switches SW101 to SW106 are non-conductive, an induced voltage is generated in the recovery winding L141 by the magnetic energy stored in the charging transformer T101. This voltage is applied to the entire electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, and the charging current flows to the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 via the rectifier diode CD101, whereby energy recovery is performed, and the entire electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. Is charged. As described above, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 that are not connected between the terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101 are also charged by the recovery winding L141. Since other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, a large amount of energy can be accumulated, a large amount of electric power can be taken out instantaneously, and a long life can be realized. Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, substantially the same induced voltage can be applied between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 by the charging windings L101 to L106 of the charging transformer T101. Charging can be performed so that the voltages of the double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are equal. Therefore, electric energy can be efficiently stored in the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106.

  Furthermore, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are charged by applying the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L103 even if they are not connected between the terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101. Therefore, the voltage from the secondary battery S101 can be boosted to charge the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. The charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 as a whole is the output of the secondary battery S101. It becomes higher than the voltage. Therefore, since the charging voltage of the entire electric double layer capacitor can be increased without increasing the output voltage of the secondary battery S101, the current flowing from the electric double layer capacitor C100 to the electric motor 20 when the internal combustion engine 18 is started. Can be reduced. Further, when the voltage from the secondary battery S101 is boosted to charge the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, there is no need to use a boosting circuit such as a DC-DC converter, so that the size of the device can be reduced. Can be realized.

(4) 4th Embodiment FIG. 4: is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. Also in FIG. 4, the generator 16, the internal combustion engine 18, the electric motor 20, and the load 22 are not shown, but their configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. The charging transformer T101 in this embodiment includes windings L151 to L153 with midpoint taps that are magnetically coupled to each other.

  As for winding L151 with a midpoint tap, the midpoint is connected between electric double layer capacitor C101 and electric double layer capacitor C102, and both terminals thereof are connected to both terminals of electric double layer capacitors C101 and C102. . However, the connection direction of the winding L151 with the midpoint tap to the positive and negative terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 and C102 can be switched by the switches SW101 and SW102. Specifically, the switches SW101 and SW102 connect the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C101 and one terminal of the winding L151 with a midpoint tap, and the negative side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C102 and the midpoint tap. The first state (the state shown in FIG. 4) in which the other terminal of the winding L151 is connected, the positive terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C101, and the other terminal of the winding L151 with a mid-point tap are connected. It is possible to switch between the second state in which the negative terminal of the multilayer capacitor C102 and one terminal of the winding L151 with the midpoint tap are connected.

  Similarly, for the winding L152 with a midpoint tap, the midpoint is connected between the electric double layer capacitor C103 and the electric double layer capacitor C104, and both terminals thereof are connected to both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C103 and C104. Connected. The switches SW103 and SW104 connect the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C103 and one terminal of the midpoint tapped winding L152, and the other side of the negative side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C104 and the midpoint tapped winding L152. The first state of connecting the terminals (the state shown in FIG. 4), the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C103 and the other terminal of the winding L152 with a midpoint tap are connected, and the negative of the electric double layer capacitor C104 is connected. It is possible to switch between the second state in which the side terminal and one terminal of the winding L152 with the midpoint tap are connected. And about the winding L153 with a midpoint tap, the midpoint is connected between the electric double layer capacitor C105 and the electric double layer capacitor C106, and both terminals thereof are connected to both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C105 and C106. Is done. The switches SW105 and SW106 connect the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C105 and one terminal of the midpoint tapped winding L153, and other than the negative side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C106 and the midpoint tapped winding L153. The first state of connecting the terminals (the state shown in FIG. 4), the positive side terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C105 and the other terminal of the winding L153 with a midpoint tap are connected, and the negative state of the electric double layer capacitor C106 is connected. It is possible to switch between the second state in which the side terminal and one terminal of the winding L153 with a midpoint tap are connected.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the charging windings L101 and L102 for applying the induced voltage to the electric double layer capacitors C101 and C102 are constituted by the winding L151 with a midpoint tap. Similarly, the charging windings L103 and L104 for applying an induced voltage to the electric double layer capacitors C103 and C104 are constituted by a midpoint tapped winding L152, and the induced voltage is applied to the electric double layer capacitors C105 and C106. Charging windings L105 and L106 for this purpose are constituted by a winding L153 with a midpoint tap. Then, by alternately switching between the first state and the second state of the switches SW101 and SW102 described above, the charging windings L101 and L102 are connected in the direction of connection to the positive and negative terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 and C102. Switching is possible. Similarly, by alternately switching between the first state and the second state of the switches SW103 and SW104, the connection direction of the charging windings L103 and L104 with respect to the positive and negative terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C103 and C104 can be switched. By alternately switching the first state and the second state of the switches SW105 and SW106, the connection direction of the charging windings L105 and L106 with respect to the positive and negative terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C105 and C106 can be switched. It is.

  The switch control circuit B101 performs control to alternately switch the first state and the second state of the switches SW101 to SW106 described above while synchronizing the time distributions of these states to be substantially equal.

  Since the other configuration is the same as that of the third embodiment, the description thereof is omitted, and the operation of the present embodiment will be described below.

  The voltage from the secondary battery S101 is applied to the electric double layer capacitors C104 to C106. On the other hand, the switch control circuit B101 performs control to switch alternately while synchronizing the first state and the second state of the switches SW101 to SW106 described above.

  Here, since the number of turns of the charging windings L101 to L106 magnetically coupled to each other is substantially equal, the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L106 when the switches SW101 to SW106 are in the first state are substantially the same. It becomes. Since the charging windings L101 to L106 are respectively connected between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, the induced voltage generated in the charging windings L101 to L106 is almost the average of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106. This voltage is applied to each of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 when the switches SW101 to SW106 are in the first state.

  In this embodiment, even if the switches SW101 to SW106 are switched to the second state, an induced voltage that is substantially the average voltage of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 is generated in each of the charging windings L101 to L106. A voltage is applied to each of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106.

  As in the first embodiment, when variations occur in the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106, the capacitor having a voltage higher than the induced voltage is connected to the charging winding connected between both terminals of the capacitor. A discharge current flows, and for a capacitor whose voltage is lower than the induced voltage, a charging current flows from a charging winding connected between both terminals of the capacitor. Therefore, charging is performed so that the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are equal. Further, although the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C103 are not connected between the terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101, the induced voltages generated in the charging windings L101 to L103 can be applied, respectively. Can be charged. Since other operations are the same as those in the third embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, similarly to the third embodiment, charging can be performed so that the voltages of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 are equal, and a boosting circuit such as a DC-DC converter is used. The electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 can be charged by boosting the voltage from the secondary battery S101 without using.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the connection operation between the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 and the charging windings L101 to L106 is a push-pull operation, an induced voltage for correcting the voltage variation is always applied. Thus, the uniform charging operation can be performed efficiently. Further, since the magnetic energy stored in the charging transformer T101 can be recovered to the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C106 in the reverse half cycle, the recovery winding L141 and the rectifier diode CD101 in the third embodiment may be omitted. it can.

(5) Fifth Embodiment FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a power storage device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Also in FIG. 5, the generator 16, the internal combustion engine 18, the electric motor 20, and the load 22 are not shown, but their configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C118 are connected in series, and the electric double layer capacitors C113 to C118 are connected between the terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101 via the current limiting means 14. The charging transformer T101 is divided into three transformers T111, T112, and T113. Transformers T111, T112, and T113 include windings L171, L172, and L173, respectively. Winding L171 is magnetically coupled to charging windings L101 to L106, winding L172 is magnetically coupled to charging windings L107 to L112, and winding L173 is magnetically coupled to charging windings L113 to L118. Is bound to. In addition, the windings L171, L172, and L173 are connected in parallel to each other, so that electrical connection is made between the transformers T111, T112, and T113. Since other configurations are the same as those of the fourth embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  Although FIG. 5 shows an example in which the charging transformer T101 is divided into three, the number of divisions of the charging transformer T101 can be arbitrarily set. Also in the third embodiment, the charging transformer T101 can be divided into a plurality of parts.

  Here, as the number of electric double layer capacitors connected in series increases, it becomes difficult to secure the number of turns of the charging winding in the charging transformer T101 shared by one. However, according to this embodiment, a large number of electric double layer capacitors can be connected in series, the overall withstand voltage can be further increased, and the discharge current to the electric motor 20 as a load can be further reduced. it can.

  Furthermore, the electrical connection between the transformers when the charging transformer T101 is divided may be connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor. As an example, FIG. 6 shows a case where the transformer T111 and the transformer T112 are connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C106 and C107. Also in FIG. 6, the generator 16, the internal combustion engine 18, the electric motor 20, and the load 22 are not shown, but their configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 6, electric double layer capacitors C101 to C112 are connected in series, and electric double layer capacitors C107 to C112 are connected between both terminals TM111 and TM112 of the secondary battery S101. The transformer T111 further includes a midpoint tapped winding L161 magnetically coupled to the midpoint tapped windings L151 to L153, and the transformer T112 is magnetically coupled to the midpoint tapped windings L154 to L156. Furthermore, a winding L162 with a midpoint tap is further included.

  As for winding L161 with a midpoint tap, its midpoint is connected to the negative side terminal of electric double layer capacitor C107, and either one of the two terminals is connected to the positive side terminal of electric double layer capacitor C107 via switch SW121. Is done. Switch SW121 includes a first state (state shown in FIG. 6) for connecting the positive side terminal of electric double layer capacitor C107 and one terminal of winding L161 with a midpoint tap, and the positive side terminal of electric double layer capacitor C107. And a second state in which the other terminal of the winding L161 with the midpoint tap is connected can be switched.

  Similarly, the midpoint tapped winding L162 has its midpoint connected to the positive terminal of the electric double layer capacitor C106, and either of the two terminals is connected to the negative side of the electric double layer capacitor C106 via the switch SW124. Connected to the terminal. Switch SW124 has a first state (state shown in FIG. 6) for connecting the negative terminal of electric double layer capacitor C106 and the other terminal of winding L162 with a midpoint tap, and a negative terminal of electric double layer capacitor C106. And a second state in which one terminal of the winding L162 with a midpoint tap is connected.

  When the switches SW121 and SW124 are in the first state (the state shown in FIG. 6), the charging winding L121 of the transformer T111 and the charging winding L107 of the transformer T112 are interposed between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor C107. The charging winding L106 of the transformer T111 and the charging winding L124 of the transformer T112 are connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor C106. On the other hand, when the switches SW121 and SW124 are in the second state, the charging winding L122 of the transformer T111 and the charging winding L108 of the transformer T112 are connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor C107. The charging winding L105 of T111 and the charging winding L123 of the transformer T112 are connected via both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor C106.

  In FIG. 6, as an example of voltage variation, a case where the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor C101 is higher than the induced voltage and the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor C112 is lower than the induced voltage is considered. In this case, the electric double layer capacitor C112 receives a charging current from the electric double layer capacitors C106 to C111 via the transformer T112. On the other hand, the electric double layer capacitor C101 allows a charging current to flow to the electric double layer capacitors C102 to C107 via the transformer T111. Therefore, a charging current flows from the electric double layer capacitor C101 to the electric double layer capacitor C112 via the electric double layer capacitors C106 and C107, and charging is performed so that the voltages are equalized.

  FIG. 7 shows a case where a transformer T114 is further provided. In the configuration shown in FIG. 7, the transformer T111 and the transformer T114 are connected to each other between both terminals of the electric double layer capacitors C101 to C104, and the transformer T112 and the transformer T114 are connected to the electric double layer capacitors C109 to C112. Are connected via each of the two terminals. According to the configuration shown in FIG. 7, since the charging paths for correcting the voltage variation are multiplexed, the current flowing to the electric double layer capacitor can be increased and the charging time can be shortened.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to such embodiment at all, and within the range which does not deviate from the technical idea of this invention, it can implement with a various form. Of course.

It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the motive power output device containing the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the motive power output device containing the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on the modification of 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on the modification of 5th Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  14 current limiting means, 16 generator, 18 internal combustion engine, 20 motor, 30 booster circuit, B101 switch control circuit, C100 to C118 electric double layer capacitor, S101 secondary battery, SW101 to SW118 switch, T101 transformer for charging.

Claims (3)

A power storage device capable of supplying electric power for driving a first load and a second load having a driving frequency lower than that of the first load and a large power consumption during driving,
A plurality of electric double layer capacitors connected in series ;
A secondary battery capable of charging of said plurality of electric double layer capacitor,
A charging transformer that magnetically couples both terminals of each electric double layer capacitor and can apply substantially the same induced voltage between both terminals of each electric double layer capacitor;
Switching means capable of switching a connection state between each electric double layer capacitor and the charging transformer so that the induced voltage is applied between both terminals of each electric double layer capacitor;
Control means for performing switching control of the connection state between each electric double layer capacitor and the charging transformer;
With
The plurality of electric double layer capacitors are constituted by an electric double layer capacitor connected between both terminals of the secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor not connected between both terminals of the secondary battery,
When charging a plurality of electric double layer capacitors using a secondary battery, for the electric double layer capacitors that are not connected between both terminals of the secondary battery, each electric double layer capacitor, charging transformer, By switching the connection state between, the induced voltage generated in the charging transformer is applied and charging is performed, and the charging voltage of the plurality of electric double layer capacitors is larger than the voltage of the secondary battery,
A power storage device, wherein power for driving the first load is supplied from a secondary battery, and power for driving the second load is supplied from a plurality of electric double layer capacitors. The power storage device according to claim 1 ,
A power storage device comprising current limiting means for limiting a current flowing between the secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor connected between both terminals of the secondary battery . The power storage device according to claim 1 or 2,
The charging transformer is divided into a plurality of transformers,
A power storage device characterized in that the transformers are connected through both terminals of the electric double layer capacitor .

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