JP3900915B2 - Composition for forming silica-based film, method for producing silica-based film, and electronic component - Google Patents
Composition for forming silica-based film, method for producing silica-based film, and electronic component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3900915B2 JP3900915B2 JP2001374414A JP2001374414A JP3900915B2 JP 3900915 B2 JP3900915 B2 JP 3900915B2 JP 2001374414 A JP2001374414 A JP 2001374414A JP 2001374414 A JP2001374414 A JP 2001374414A JP 3900915 B2 JP3900915 B2 JP 3900915B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silica
- composition
- group
- siloxane resin
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 122
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 105
- -1 methyl (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) Chemical group 0.000 description 50
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- LDMRLRNXHLPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-propoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCOCCCO LDMRLRNXHLPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Natural products COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJQIMXVRFNLMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(C)=O GJQIMXVRFNLMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide Chemical compound CC(C)N=C=NC(C)C BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QWOZZTWBWQMEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOC(C)COCC(C)O QWOZZTWBWQMEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCCC KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQGIBEAIDUOVOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCC MQGIBEAIDUOVOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexoxyhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCCCCC BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AWBIJARKDOFDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane Chemical compound CC1COC(C)CO1 AWBIJARKDOFDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(C)=O FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKCGJBFTCUCBAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)COC(C)COC(C)=O CKCGJBFTCUCBAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKCAGDPACLOVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethylbutoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCC(CC)COCCO ZKCAGDPACLOVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hexoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCOCCO GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCLLLHFGVQKVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratert-butyl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C BCLLLHFGVQKVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- MQVCTPXBBSKLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yloxy)-propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C MQVCTPXBBSKLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEKZKCDJQLBBRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(butyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](CCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC DEKZKCDJQLBBRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIHPVQDFBJMUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](CC)(OCCCC)OCCCC GIHPVQDFBJMUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZQBXUDWTVJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](C)(OCCCC)OCCCC GYZQBXUDWTVJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEZQEMOONYYJBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C(C)C LEZQEMOONYYJBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAAWAIHPWOJHJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](CCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC WAAWAIHPWOJHJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVXBTESZGSNIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(tert-butyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C(C)(C)C MVXBTESZGSNIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLGWXNBXAXOQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC(F)(F)F ZLGWXNBXAXOQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVYIJOWQJOQFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(fluoro)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](F)(OCC)OCC XVYIJOWQJOQFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTMJRVHEBLESPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RTMJRVHEBLESPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGROXJWYRXANBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(C)C LGROXJWYRXANBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORVBHOQTQDOUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(trifluoromethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(F)(F)F ORVBHOQTQDOUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXJNGXCZSCHDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IXJNGXCZSCHDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNNJGIKXHZZGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 FNNJGIKXHZZGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMUIJRKZTXWCEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 AMUIJRKZTXWCEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUWVDNLZJXLQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](CCC)(OCCC)OCCC VUWVDNLZJXLQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxysilane Chemical compound CCCO[SiH](OCCC)OCCC OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJEMIBXFOHYKMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropoxy)-phenylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)CO[Si](OCC(C)C)(OCC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJEMIBXFOHYKMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOGQHPIOEFLJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropoxy)-propan-2-ylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)CO[Si](OCC(C)C)(OCC(C)C)C(C)C MOGQHPIOEFLJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGOOITCIBGXHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-phenylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KGOOITCIBGXHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJIHPVLPZKWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-propan-2-ylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](C(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C MJIHPVLPZKWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZPPYBTFPZSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C DIZPPYBTFPZSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)O XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、シリカ系被膜、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物、シリカ系被膜の製造方法及び電子部品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
LSIの高集積化による配線の微細化にともない、配線間容量の増大による信号遅延時間の増大が問題となっており、電子部品の絶縁材料は、耐熱性、機械特性等の他、低比誘電率と熱処理工程の短縮が求められている。
【0003】
一般に配線の信号の伝搬速度(v)と、配線材料が接する絶縁材料の比誘電率(ε)とは、v=k/√ε (kは定数)で示される関係があり、信号の伝搬速度を高速化するためには使用する周波数領域を高くし、また、そのときの絶縁材料の比誘電率を低くする必要があるからである。従来から、比誘電率4.2程度のCVD法によるSiO2膜が層間絶縁材料として用いられてきたが、デバイスの配線間容量を低減し、LSIの動作速度を向上するため、より低誘電率な材料が求められている。現在実用化されている低誘電率材料としては、比誘電率3.5程度のSiOF膜(CVD法)があげられる。比誘電率2.5〜3.0の絶縁材料としては、有機SOG (Spin On Glass)、有機ポリマー等が、さらに比誘電率2.5以下の絶縁材料としては膜中に空隙を有するポーラス材が有力と考えられており、LSIの層間絶縁被膜に適用するための検討が盛んに行われている。
【0004】
その中でポーラス材の形成方法として特開平10−283843号公報、特開平11−322992号公報、特開平11−310411号公報等では、有機SOG材の低誘電率化が提案されており、金属アルコキシシランの加水分解縮重合物と加熱することにより揮発もしくは分解するポリマーを含有する組成物から被膜を形成し、加熱することによりポロージェンを形成することで低誘電性に優れた被膜材料を形成することが提案されている。しかしながら、これらの方法では、揮発するポリマーがSOG膜上に単に分散されており、低誘電率化が進行するにつれ、プロセス適応性、特に膜強度の面で大きな問題点がある。
また、ベースのSOGの誘電率が高いと所望の誘電率を達成するために多量の空隙を導入する必要があり、膜強度の低下を招きやすい。
さらに、従来の有機SOG膜をCu−ダマシンプロセスと呼ばれるプロセスの層間膜材料として適応しようとする場合、キャップ膜として用いられているCVD法で成膜されるSiO2膜とSOG膜との界面での接着性が弱く、配線金属を積層した時に生じる余分なCu配線を研磨する工程であるCu−CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polish)での界面剥離が生じるといった大きな問題点もある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
請求項1〜9に記載の発明は、機械強度が十分であり、低誘電性に優れ、シリコンウエハーへの接着性に優れ、場合により電気的信頼性に優れたシリカ系被膜を容易に製造できるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物を提供するものである。請求項10記載の発明は、機械強度が十分であり、低誘電性に優れ、シリコンウエハーへの接着性に優れ、場合により電気的信頼性に優れたシリカ系被膜を容易に、歩留まり良く製造できる、プロセス裕度の大きなシリカ系被膜の製造方法を提供するものである。請求項11、12記載の発明は、機械強度が十分であり、低誘電性に優れ、シリコンウエハーへの接着性に優れ、場合により電気的信頼性に優れたシリカ系被膜を容易に、歩留まり良く製造できる、プロセス裕度の大きなシリカ系被膜形成用組成物の製造方法形成を提供するものである。請求項13記載の発明は、高密度、高品位で信頼性に優れた電子部品を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、(a)下記一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂、ならびに(b)N,N’−ジアルキルカルボジイミドを含むことを特徴とするシリカ系被膜形成用組成物に関する。
R 1 n SiX 4−n (1)
(式中、R 1 は、H若しくはF又はB、N、Al、P、Si、Ge若しくはTiを含む基又は炭素数1〜20の有機基を示し、同一でも異なっていてもよく、Xは、加水分解性基を示すし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、nは0、1又は2の整数である)
また、本発明は、(a)シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子の総数が0.65以下である請求項1記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物に関する。また、本発明は、(a)上記一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂、ならびに(b)カルボジイミド類を含み、(a)シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子の総数が0.20〜0.65であるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物に関する。また、本発明は、(b)成分がN,N’−ジアルキルカルボジイミドである請求項3記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物に関する。また、本発明は、(a)シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子の総数が0.55以下,0.50以下,0.45以下又は0.40以下である請求項2〜4に記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物に関する。また、本発明は、c)250〜500℃の加熱温度で熱分解または揮発する熱分解揮発性化合物を含む請求項1〜8に記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物に関する。また、本発明は、請求項1〜9に記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物を基板上に塗布して、塗布した被膜に含有する溶媒を除去した後、250〜500℃の加熱温度で焼成することを特徴とするシリカ系被膜の製造方法に関する。また、本発明は、(a)上記一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂に(b)N,N’−ジアルキルカルボジイミドを添加して調整されるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物の製造方法に関する。また、本発明は、(a)上記一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂に(b)カルボジイミド類を添加して調整され、(a)シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子の総数が0.20〜0.65である、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物の製造方法に関する。また、本発明は、請求項10記載の方法により製造されたシリカ系被膜を有する電子部品に関する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、(a)下記一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂、
【0008】
【化2】
R1 nSiX4−n(1)
(式中、R1は、H若しくはF又はB、N、Al、P、Si、Ge若しくはTiを含む基又は炭素数1〜20の有機基を示し、同一でも異なっていてもよく、Xは、加水分解性基を示すし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、nは0又は1の整数である)ならびに(b)N,N’−ジアルキルカルボジイミドを含むことを特徴とする。また、本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、(a)一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂、ならびに(b)カルボジイミド類を含み、(a)シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子の総数が0.20〜0.65であることを特徴としてもよい。また、本発明の請求項1〜9に記載のシリカ系被膜は、比誘電率が3.5以下であることが好ましい。シリカ系被膜の比誘電率は、3.3以下であることがより好ましく、3.0以下であることが特に好ましく、2.7以下であることが極めて好ましい。比誘電率が3.5を超えると電子部品における回路等の微細化に伴う高速化の阻害因子となり電子部品への適応性が悪くなる傾向がある。また、比誘電率が3.5を超えるシリカ系被膜を用いて、請求項10記載の手法により空隙を導入して更なる低誘電率化を行った場合、空隙を多量に導入する必要があり、膜強度の低下を招く恐れがあるので好ましくない。
【0009】
また、本発明の請求項10記載のシリカ系被膜は比誘電率が3.0以下であることが好ましい。シリカ系被膜の比誘電率は、2.7以下であることがより好ましく、2.5以下であることが特に好ましく、2.3以下であることが極めて好ましい。
【0010】
下限は通常1.5程度である。シリカ系被膜の比誘電率を低下させるためには、例えば、微細孔を導入する量を多くすることが有効である。
本発明において、比誘電率とは23℃±2℃、湿度40%±10%の雰囲気下で測定された値を用いる。比誘電率測定用の被膜形成方法としては、被膜の膜厚は0.4〜0.6μmになるように被膜を形成する。具体的には、低抵抗率シリコンウエハー(抵抗率<10Ωcm)上にスピンコート法で塗布した後、200℃に加熱したホットプレートで溶媒除去し、最後に窒素雰囲気下400℃/30分最終硬化することにより被膜を形成する。被膜形成後、真空蒸着装置でAl金属を2mmφ、厚さ約0.1μmになるように真空蒸着する。絶縁被膜がAl金属と低抵抗率シリコンウエハーに挟まれた構造を形成して電荷容量を測定する。
【0011】
ここで、被膜の膜厚は、ガートナー製のエリプソメータL116Bで測定された膜厚であり、具体的には被膜上にHe−Neレーザー照射し、照射により生じた位相差から求められる膜厚を用いる。
【0012】
被膜の比誘電率の測定は、Al金属と低抵抗率シリコンウエハー間の電荷容量を測定することにより行う。電荷容量は、LFインピーダンスアナライザー(横河電機製:HP4192A)に誘電体テスト・フィクスチャー(横河電機製:HP16451B)を接続させて測定する。測定時の周波数を10kHzとして測定された値を用いる。
上記測定値より下記の式(1)に代入して、被膜の比誘電率を測定する。
【0013】
【数1】
【0014】
また、本発明のシリカ系被膜は、弾性率が2.5GPa以上であることが好ましく、3.0GPa以上であることがより好ましく、3.5GPa以上であることが特に好ましく、4.0GPa以上であることが極めて好ましく、4.5GPa以上であることが特に極めて好ましい。上限は特に制限はないが通常は30GPa程度である。
【0015】
弾性率の増大は、例えば、シロキサン樹脂中に含有する有機基の割合を減少させることにより達成することができる。
本発明においてシリカ系被膜の弾性率とは、シリカ系被膜の表面近傍での弾性率であり、MTS社製のナノインデンターXPを用いて得られた値を用いる。被膜の形成方法としては、シリコンウエハー上に被膜の膜厚が0.5μm〜0.6μmになるように回転塗布し、ホットプレートで溶媒除去をした後、400℃/30分硬化した被膜を用いる。被膜の膜厚が薄いと下地の影響を受けてしまうため好ましくない。表面近傍とは、膜厚の1/10以内の深度で、具体的には膜表面から深さ15nm〜50nm潜り込んだところでの弾性率を示す。
また、荷重と荷重速度との間では、下記の式(2)のような関係で変動させる。
【0016】
【数2】
dL/dt × 1/L = 0.05 (sec−1) ・・・(2)
L=荷重、t=時間
また、押し込みを行う圧子には、バーコビッチ圧子(素材:ダイヤモンド)を用い、圧子の振幅周波数を45Hzに設定して測定する。
本発明における(a)シロキサン樹脂は、下記一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られる樹脂である。
【0017】
【化3】
R1 nSiX4−n (1)
(式中、R1は、H若しくはF又はB、N、Al、P、Si、Ge若しくはTiを含む基又は又は炭素数1〜20の有機基を示し、同一でも異なっていてもよく、Xは、加水分解性基を示し、同一でも異なっていてもよく、nは0又は1の整数である)
加水分解性基Xとしては、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン基、アセトキシ基、イソシアネート基等が挙げられる。被膜形成用組成物の液状安定性や被膜塗布特性等の観点からアルコキシ基が好ましい。
【0018】
加水分解性基Xが、アルコキシ基である化合物(アルコキシシラン)としては、例えば、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラ−n−プロポキシシラン、テトラ−iso−プロポキシシラン、テトラ−n−ブトキシシラン、テトラ−sec−ブトキシシラン、テトラ−tert−ブトキシシラン、テトラフェノキシシラン等のテトラアルコキシシラン、トリメトキシシラン、トリエトキシシラン、トリプロポキシシラン、フルオロトリメトキシシラン、フルオロトリエトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、メチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、メチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、メチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、メチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、メチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、メチルトリフェノキシシラン、エチルトリメトキシシラン、エチルトリエトキシシラン、エチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、エチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、エチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、エチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、エチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、エチルトリフェノキシシラン、n−プロピルトリメトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリエトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリフェノキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリメトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリエトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリフェノキシシラン、n−ブチルトリメトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリエトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリフェノキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリメトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリエトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリフェノキシシラン、t−ブチルトリメトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリエトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリフェノキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン、フェニルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、フェニルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、フェニルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、フェニルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、フェニルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、フェニルトリフェノキシシラン、トリフルオロメチルトリメトキシシラン、ペンタフルオロエチルトリメトキシシラン、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルトリエトキシシラン等のトリアルコキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジメチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジメチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジメチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジメチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジメチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジメチルジフェノキシシラン、ジエチルジメトキシシラン、ジエチルジエトキシシラン、ジエチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジエチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジエチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジエチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジエチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジエチルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジメトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジエトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジメトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジエトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジメトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジエトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジメトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジエトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジメトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジエトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジフェノキシシラン、ジフェニルジメトキシシラン、ジフェニルジエトキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジフェニルジフェノキシシラン、ビス(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ジメトキシシラン、メチル(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ジメトキシシラン等のジオルガノジアルコキシシランなどが挙げられる。
【0019】
一般式(1)で表せられる化合物で上記したアルコキシシランの他には、上記したアルコキシシランでアルコキシ基をハロゲン原子に置き換えたものであるハロゲンシラン類、アルコキシ基をアセトキシ基に置き換えたものであるアセトキシシラン類、アルコキシ基をイソシアネート基に置き換えたものであるソシアネートシラン類などが挙げられる。
これら一般式(1)で表せられる化合物は単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。
【0020】
また、上記一般式(1)で表せられる化合物の加水分解縮合において、加水分解縮合反応を促進する触媒として、蟻酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、ブタン酸、ペンタン酸、ヘキサン酸、ヘプタン酸、オクタン酸、ノナン酸、デカン酸、シュウ酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、酪酸、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレイン酸、サリチル酸、安息香酸、p−アミノ安息香酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、フタル酸、スルホン酸、酒石酸等の有機酸、塩酸、燐酸、硝酸、ホウ酸、硫酸、フッ酸等の無機酸などを用いることができる。この触媒の使用量は、一般式(1)で表せられる化合物1モルに対して0.0001〜1モルの範囲が好ましい。多すぎる場合ゲル化を促進する傾向があり、少なすぎる場合、重合反応が進行しない傾向がある。
また、加水分解反応で副生成するアルコールは場合によってエバポレータ等を用いて除去してもよい。
【0021】
また、加水分解縮合反応系中に存在させる水の量も適宜決められが、あまり少ない場合や多すぎる場合には成膜性が悪く、保存安定性の低下等の問題があるので、水の量は一般式(1)で表せられる化合物1モルに対して0.5〜20モルの範囲とすることが好まく、1〜16モルの範囲がより好ましく、2〜8モルの範囲が極めて好ましい。また、多すぎる場合は後から加える(b)成分の効果が減少してしまうため好ましくない。
【0022】
(a)一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂は、溶媒への溶解性、機械特性、成形性等の点から、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定し、標準ポリスチレンの検量線を使用して換算した値の重量平均分子量が、500〜20,000であることが好ましく、1,000〜10,000であることがより好ましい。
【0023】
(a)シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子の総数(M)が0.65以下であることが好ましく、0.55以下であることがより好ましく、0.50以下であることが特に好ましく、0.45以下であることが極めて好ましく、0.40以下であることが特に極めて好ましい。この下限は0.20程度である。
この総数(M)が、0.65を超える場合、最終的に得られるシリカ系被膜の接着性、低誘電性等が劣る傾向がある。
この総数(M)は、例えば、下記の式(3)により算出される((a)一般式(1)で表せられる化合物の仕込み量から計算する)。
【0024】
【数3】
M=((A)+((B)/2)+((C)/3))/(Si原子の数)・・・(3)
(A)H、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子でただひとつのケイ素原子と結合している原子の数。
(B)B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子で2つのケイ素原子で共有されている原子の数。
(C)B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子で3つのケイ素原子で共有されている原子の数。
【0025】
本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、(b)カルボジイミド類を必須成分として含む。なお、本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物には、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属が含有されることは好ましくない。これらの濃度は組成物中100ppb以下であることが好ましく、20ppb以下であることがより好ましい。これらのイオンが多く含有すると半導体素子に金属イオンが流れ込みデバイス性能そのものに影響を与える可能性がある。以上のことより、(b)成分は特に限定するものではないが、化合物中にメタルを含むものは好ましくない。しかし、容易に除去できるのであればこの限りではない。以下にいくつかの例を示す。
(b)成分としては、N,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミドやN,N’−ジイソプロピルカルボジイミドが挙げられる。この中で、N,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミドが好ましい。(b)成分は(a)成分(完全加水分解縮合物換算)100重量部に対して、0.001〜50重量部、好ましくは0.01〜20重量部である。多すぎると被膜形成用組成物の安定性を損なう可能性がある。また、少なすぎると効果が十分に発揮されない恐れがある。
【0026】
(a)一般式(1)で表せられる化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂に(b)成分を混合した際に、不溶物が析出することがあるが、これはろ過によって取り除いてもいいし、静置して上澄みを用いても良い。また、溶媒を加えて溶解させても良い。
【0027】
本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は溶媒を含有することが好ましい。溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、i−プロパノール、n−ブタノール、i−ブタノール、sec−ブタノール、t−ブタノール、n−ペンタノール、i−ペンタノール、2−メチルブタノール、sec−ペンタノール、t−ペンタノール、3−メトキシブタノール、n−ヘキサノール、2−メチルペンタノール、sec−ヘキサノール、2−エチルブタノール、sec−ヘプタノール、n−オクタノール、2−エチルヘキサノール、sec−オクタノール、n−ノニルアルコール、n−デカノール、sec−ウンデシルアルコール、トリメチルノニルアルコール、sec−テトラデシルアルコール、sec−ヘプタデシルアルコール、フェノール、シクロヘキサノール、メチルシクロヘキサノール、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、1,2−プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール等のアルコール系、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチル−n−プロピルケトン、メチル−n−ブチルケトン、メチル−i−ブチルケトン、メチル−n−ペンチルケトン、メチル−n−ヘキシルケトン、ジエチルケトン、ジ−i−ブチルケトン、トリメチルノナノン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、2,4−ペンタンジオン、アセトニルアセトン、ジアセトンアルコール、アセトフェノン等のケトン系溶媒、エチルエーテル、i−プロピルエーテル、n−ブチルエーテル、n−ヘキシルエーテル、2−エチルヘキシルエーテル、エチレンオキシド、1,2−プロピレンオキシド、ジオキソラン、4−メチルジオキソラン、ジオキサン、ジメチルジオキサン、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ−n−ヘキシルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ−2−エチルブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ−n−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジ−n−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ−n−ヘキシルエーテル、エトキシトリグリコール、テトラエチレングリコールジ−n−ブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル系溶媒、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n−プロピル、酢酸i−プロピル、酢酸n−ブチル、酢酸i−ブチル、酢酸sec−ブチル、酢酸n−ペンチル、酢酸sec−ペンチル、酢酸3−メトキシブチル、酢酸メチルペンチル、酢酸2−エチルブチル、酢酸2−エチルヘキシル、酢酸ベンジル、酢酸シクロヘキシル、酢酸メチルシクロヘキシル、酢酸ノニル、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、アセト酢酸メチル、アセト酢酸エチル、酢酸エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、酢酸エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、酢酸ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、酢酸ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、酢酸ジエチレングリコールモノ−n−ブチルエーテル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、酢酸ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、酢酸ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジ酢酸グリコール、酢酸メトキシトリグリコール、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸n−ブチル、プロピオン酸i−アミル、シュウ酸ジエチル、シュウ酸ジ−n−ブチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸n−ブチル、乳酸n−アミル等のエステル系等種々の溶媒が挙げられ、これらは単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。溶媒の使用量は、シロキサン樹脂の量が5〜25重量%となるような量とされることが好ましい。溶媒の量が少なすぎると安定性、成膜性等が劣る傾向があり、多すぎると所望の膜厚を得ることが困難となる傾向がある。
【0028】
本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物に、誘電特性の調整容易性の点から、更に、(d)250〜500℃の加熱温度で熱分解又は揮発する熱分解揮発性化合物を含有させることが好ましい。
(d)熱分解揮発性化合物としては、例えば、ポリアルキレンオキサイド構造を有する重合体、(メタ)アクリレート系重合体、ポリエステル重合体、ポリカーボネート重合体、ポリアンハイドライド重合体等が挙げられる。
上記ポリアルキレンオキサイド構造としてはポリエチレンオキサイド構造、ポリプロピレンオキサイド構造、ポリテトラメチレンオキサイド構造、ポリブチレンオキサイド構造等が挙げられる。具体的には、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンステロールエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンラノリン誘導体、アルキルフェノールホルマリン縮合物の酸化エチレン誘導体、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマー、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテル等のエーテル型化合物、ポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸アルカノールアミド硫酸塩等のエーテルエステル型化合物、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、エチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸モノグリセリド、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル等のエーテルエステル型化合物等を挙げることができる。
【0029】
また、(メタ)アクリレート系重合体を構成するアクリル酸エステル及びメタクリル酸エステルとしては、アクリル酸アルキルエステル、メタクリル酸アルキルエステル、アクリル酸アルコキシアルキルエステル、メタクリル酸アルキルエステル、メタクリル酸アルコキシアルキルエステル等を挙げることが出来る。アクリル酸アルキルエステルとしては、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸n−プロピル、アクリル酸イソプロピル、アクリル酸n−ブチル、アクリル酸イソブチル、アクリル酸ペンチル、アクリル酸ヘキシル等の炭素数1〜6のアルキルエステル、メタクリル酸アルキルエステルとしては、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸n−プロピル、メタクリル酸イソプロピル、メタクリル酸n−ブチル、メタクリル酸イソブチル、メタクリル酸ペンチル、メタクリル酸ヘキシル等の炭素数1〜6のアルキルエステル、アクリル酸アルコキシアルキルエステルとしては、アクリル酸メトキシメチル、アクリル酸エトキシエチル、メタクリル酸アルコキシアルキルエステルとしては、メタクリル酸メトキシメチル、メタクリル酸エトキシエチル等を挙げることが出来る。
【0030】
また、ポリエステルとしては、ヒドロキシカルボン酸の重縮合物、ラクトンの開環重合物、脂肪族ポリオールと脂肪族ポリカルボン酸との重縮合物等を挙げることが出来る。
【0031】
また、ポリカーボネートとしては、ポリエチレンカーボネート、ポリプロピレンカーボネート、ポリトリメチレンカーボネート、ポリテトラメチレンカーボネート、ポリペンタメチレンカーボネート、ポリヘキサメチレンカーボネート等の炭酸とアルキレングリコールの重縮合物を挙げることが出来る。
【0032】
また、ポリアンハイドライドとしては、ポリマロニルオキシド、ポリアジポイルオキシド、ポリピメイルオキシド、ポリスベロイルオキシド、ポリアゼライルオキシド、ポリセバコイルオキシド等のジカルボン酸の重縮合物等を挙げることが出来る。
【0033】
また、これら(d)化合物としては、シロキサン樹脂との相溶性、溶剤への溶解性、機械特性、成形性等の点から、アルキレンオキサイド構造を有する化合物又はアクリレート系重合体を使用するのが好ましい。また、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定し、標準ポリスチレンの検量線を使用して換算した値の重量平均分子量が、200〜200,000であることが好ましく、さらには200〜15,000であることがより好ましい。分子量が高いと相溶性の低下につながるため好ましくない。また、これら(d)化合物の使用量は、組成物中に含有するシロキサン樹脂の重量に対して0〜200重量%ことが好ましく、0〜100重量%であることがより好ましい。多すぎると機械的強度が低下する傾向がある。
【0034】
なお、本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物には、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属が含有されることは好ましくない。これらの濃度は組成物中100ppb以下であることが好ましく、20ppb以下であることがより好ましい。これらのイオンが多く含有すると半導体素子に金属イオンが流れ込みデバイス性能そのものに影響を与える可能性がある。
【0035】
アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属は、必要に応じてイオン交換フィルターの使用により除去することができる。
【0036】
本発明においてシリカ系被膜を形成する場合、成膜性、膜均一性を考慮して主にスピンコート法が用いられる。スピンコート法を用いたシリカ系被膜の形成方法として、始めにシリカ系被膜形成用組成物を基板上に500〜5000回転/分、好ましくは、1000〜3000回転/分でスピン塗布する。スピン塗布における回転数が小さ過ぎる場合、膜均一性が悪化し、大きすぎる場合成膜性が悪化するため好ましくない。
【0037】
次いで50〜350℃、好ましくは100〜250℃でホットプレートにて溶媒乾燥を行う。乾燥温度が低すぎる場合、溶媒の乾燥が十分に行われないため好ましくなく、乾燥温度が高すぎる場合、シロキサン骨格形成前にポーラス形成用熱分解揮発性化合物やイオン性化合物が熱分解揮発してしまうため、誘電特性が得られず好ましくない。
【0038】
次いで、350〜500℃で最終硬化を行う。最終硬化はN2、Ar、He等の不活性雰囲気下で行うのが好ましく、酸素濃度が1000ppm以下であるのが好ましい。また加熱時間は2〜60分であるのが好ましい。加熱時間が長いと配線金属の劣化が起こるため好ましくない。また装置としては、石英チューブ炉、ホットプレート、ラピッドサーマルアニール等の加熱処理装置が好ましい。
【0039】
本発明のシリカ系被膜の膜厚は、0.01μm〜40μmであることが好ましく、0.1μm〜2.0μmであることがより好ましい。膜厚が厚すぎると応力によるクラックの発生が起こる傾向があり、また膜厚が薄すぎると上下配線間のリーク特性が悪くなる傾向がある。
【0040】
本発明の電子部品としては、半導体素子、多層配線板等の絶縁被膜を有するものが挙げられる。本発明のシリカ系被膜は、半導体素子においては、表面保護膜、バッファーコート膜、層間絶縁膜等として使用することができる。多層配線板においては、層間絶縁膜として使用することができる。かかる適用により、信号伝搬遅延時間の低減等の高性能化と同時に高信頼性を達成できる。
【0041】
半導体素子としては、ダイオード、トランジスタ、化合物半導体、サーミスタ、バリスタ、サイリスタ等の個別半導体、DRAM(ダイナミック・ランダム・アクセス・メモリー)、SRAM(スタティック・ランダム・アクセス・メモリー)、EPROM(イレイザブル・プログラマブル・リード・オンリー・メモリー)、マスクROM(マスク・リード・オンリー・メモリー)、EEPROM(エレクトリカル・イレイザブル・プログラマブル・リード・オンリー・メモリー)、フラッシュメモリー等の記憶素子、マイクロプロセッサー、DSP、ASIC等の理論回路素子、MMIC(モノリシック・マイクロウェーブ集積回路)に代表される化合物半導体等の集積回路素子、混成集積回路(ハイブリッドIC)、発光ダイオード、電荷結合素子等の光電変換素子などが挙げられる。
多層配線板としては、MCM等の高密度配線板などが挙げられる。
【0042】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれらの記載に限定されるものではない。
実施例1
テトラエトキシシラン114.6gとメチルトリエトキシシラン80.21gをプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル335.9gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、ポリシロキサン溶液を得た。減圧下、生成したエタノールを留去したの後、N,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド0.1gを添加し、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0043】
実施例2
テトラエトキシシラン114.6gとメチルトリエトキシシラン80.21gをプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル335.9gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、ポリシロキサン溶液を得た。減圧下、生成したエタノールを留去した後、N,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド0.1gとポリエチレンオキサイドオレイルエーテル(エチレンオキサイド連続数=7)30.00gを添加し、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0044】
実施例3
テトラエトキシシラン125.0gとメチルトリエトキシシラン71.3gをプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル335.9gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、ポリシロキサン溶液を得た。この中に、N,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド0.1gを添加し、生成したエタノールを留去して、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0045】
実施例4
テトラエトキシシラン125.0gとメチルトリエトキシシラン71.3gをプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル335.9gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、ポリシロキサン溶液を得た。この中に、N,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド0.1gとポリエチレンオキサイドオレイルエーテル(エチレンオキサイド連続数=7)36.00gを添加し、生成したエタノールを留去して、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0046】
比較例1
テトラエトキシシラン125.0gとメチルトリエトキシシラン71.3gをプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル335.9gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、ポリシロキサン溶液を得た。これをシリカ系被膜形成用組成物とした。
【0047】
比較例2
テトラエトキシシラン125.0gとメチルトリエトキシシラン71.3gをプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル335.9gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、ポリエチレンオキサイドオレイルエーテル(エチレンオキサイド連続数=7)36.00gを添加し、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0048】
シリカ系被膜製造
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜2に従って製造されたシリカ系被膜形成用組成物を回転数1000rpm/30秒回転塗布した。回転塗布後、150℃/1分+250℃/1分かけて溶媒除去後、O2濃度が100ppm前後にコントロールされている石英チューブ炉で400℃/30分間かけて被膜を最終硬化した。被膜形成後、エリプソメータで膜厚を測定した。
被膜評価
上記成膜方法により成膜された被膜に対して、以下の方法で膜の電気特性及び膜強度評価を行った。
【0049】
〔比誘電率測定〕
これらの被膜上に直径2mm円形電極のアルミニウム被膜を0.1μmの厚さに真空蒸着法で形成し、この試料の比誘電率をLFインピーダンスメータにて周波数10kHzで測定した。
〔弾性率測定〕
これらの被膜に対してMTS社製のナノインデンターXPを用いて膜強度を示す弾性率を測定した。
〔単膜CMP耐性〕
これらの被膜に対して被膜が研磨されない条件でCMP研磨を行った。スラリーとして日立化成工業(株)のHS−C430を用いて、付加荷重を400gf/cm2で1分間研磨を行い、膜の残存を調べた。膜が残存する場合は、膜強度が十分あることを示しており、100%問題ない場合を○、膜の凝集破壊が見られたものを×と判定した。
評価結果
組成物評価結果及び被膜評価結果を下記の表1に示した。
【0050】
【表1】
【0051】
【発明の効果】
請求項1〜9に記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、機械強度が十分であり、低誘電性に優れ、シリコンウエハーへの接着性に優れ、場合により電気的信頼性に優れたシリカ系被膜を容易に製造できるものである。請求項10記載のシリカ系被膜の製造方法は、機械強度が十分であり、低誘電性に優れ、シリコンウエハーへの接着性に優れ、場合により電気的信頼性に優れたシリカ系被膜を容易に、歩留まり良く製造できる、プロセス裕度の大きなものである。請求項11、12記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物の製造方法は、機械強度が十分であり、低誘電性に優れ、シリコンウエハーへの接着性に優れ、場合により電気的信頼性に優れたシリカ系被膜形成用組成物の製造方法形成を提供するものである。請求項13記載の電子部品は、高密度、高品位で信頼性に優れたものである[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a silica-based film, a composition for forming a silica-based film, a method for producing a silica-based film, and an electronic component.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Along with miniaturization of wiring due to high integration of LSI, there is a problem of increase in signal delay time due to increase in inter-wiring capacitance. In addition to heat resistance, mechanical properties, etc., insulating materials for electronic components are low dielectric constants. The rate and shortening of the heat treatment process are required.
[0003]
In general, the signal propagation speed (v) of the wiring and the relative dielectric constant (ε) of the insulating material in contact with the wiring material have a relationship represented by v = k / √ε (k is a constant), and the signal propagation speed This is because it is necessary to increase the frequency region to be used and to reduce the relative dielectric constant of the insulating material at that time. Conventionally, SiO by a CVD method having a relative dielectric constant of about 4.2.2Although a film has been used as an interlayer insulating material, there is a demand for a material having a lower dielectric constant in order to reduce the capacitance between wirings of the device and improve the operation speed of the LSI. An example of a low dielectric constant material currently in practical use is a SiOF film (CVD method) having a relative dielectric constant of about 3.5. As an insulating material with a relative dielectric constant of 2.5 to 3.0, organic SOG (Spin On Glass), an organic polymer, etc., and as an insulating material with a relative dielectric constant of 2.5 or less, a porous material having voids in the film Is considered promising, and studies for applying it to an interlayer insulating film of LSI are being actively conducted.
[0004]
Among them, as a method for forming a porous material, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-283443, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-322992, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-310411, etc. propose a reduction in the dielectric constant of an organic SOG material. A film is formed from a composition containing an alkoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate and a polymer that volatilizes or decomposes by heating, and a porogen is formed by heating to form a film material having excellent low dielectric properties. It has been proposed. However, in these methods, the volatile polymer is simply dispersed on the SOG film, and as the dielectric constant is reduced, there is a serious problem in terms of process adaptability, particularly film strength.
Further, if the dielectric constant of the base SOG is high, it is necessary to introduce a large amount of voids in order to achieve a desired dielectric constant, which tends to cause a decrease in film strength.
Furthermore, when applying a conventional organic SOG film as an interlayer film material for a process called a Cu-damascene process, the interface is formed at the interface between the SiO2 film formed by the CVD method used as the cap film and the SOG film. There is also a serious problem that the adhesiveness is weak and interfacial peeling occurs in Cu-CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polish), which is a process of polishing excess Cu wiring generated when wiring metals are laminated.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Claims 1 to9The described invention is a composition for forming a silica-based film that can easily produce a silica-based film having sufficient mechanical strength, excellent low dielectric properties, excellent adhesion to a silicon wafer, and in some cases excellent electrical reliability. It provides things. Claim10The described invention has a sufficient process strength, can produce a silica-based film with sufficient mechanical strength, excellent low dielectric properties, excellent adhesion to a silicon wafer, and in some cases excellent electrical reliability, with good yield. The present invention provides a method for producing a silica-based film having a large degree. Claim11, 12The described invention has a sufficient process strength, can produce a silica-based film with sufficient mechanical strength, excellent low dielectric properties, excellent adhesion to a silicon wafer, and in some cases excellent electrical reliability, with good yield. The present invention provides formation of a method for producing a silica-based film-forming composition having a high degree. Claim13The described invention provides an electronic component having high density, high quality, and excellent reliability.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides (a)followingThe present invention relates to a composition for forming a silica-based film, comprising a siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a compound represented by the general formula (1), and (b) N, N′-dialkylcarbodiimide.
R 1 n SiX 4-n (1)
(Wherein R 1 Represents a group containing H or F or B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge or Ti or an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, and X represents a hydrolyzable group. And may be the same or different, and n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2)
Further, the present invention provides (a) at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti and C bonded per silicon atom of the siloxane resin. 2. The composition for forming a silica-based film according to claim 1, wherein the total number of atoms is 0.65 or less. The present invention also provides (a)the aboveA siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of the compound represented by the general formula (1), and (b) H, F, B, which contains carbodiimides and is bonded per silicon atom of the siloxane resin. The present invention relates to a composition for forming a silica-based film, wherein the total number of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti and C is 0.20 to 0.65. The present invention also relates to the composition for forming a silica-based film according to claim 3, wherein the component (b) is N, N'-dialkylcarbodiimide. Further, the present invention provides (a) at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti and C bonded per silicon atom of the siloxane resin. The total number of atoms is 0.55 or less, 0.50 or less, 0.45 or less, or 0.40 or less. The composition for forming a silica-based film according to claim 2. Moreover, this invention relates to the composition for silica-type film formation of Claims 1-8 containing the pyrolysis volatile compound which thermally decomposes or volatilizes at the heating temperature of 250-500 degreeC. Moreover, this invention apply | coats the composition for silica-type film formation of Claims 1-9 on a board | substrate, removes the solvent contained in the apply | coated film, and is baked at the heating temperature of 250-500 degreeC. The present invention relates to a method for producing a silica-based film. The present invention also provides (a)the aboveThe present invention relates to a method for producing a silica-based film forming composition prepared by adding (b) N, N′-dialkylcarbodiimide to a siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a compound represented by the general formula (1). The present invention also provides (a)the aboveH, F which is prepared by adding (b) carbodiimides to the siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of the compound represented by the general formula (1), and (a) bonded to one silicon atom of the siloxane resin. , B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti, and C, wherein the total number of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of 0.2 to 0.65 is 0.20 to 0.65. About. The present invention also relates to an electronic component having a silica-based coating produced by the method according to claim 10.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
The composition for forming a silica-based film of the present invention is (a) a siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a compound represented by the following general formula (1),
[0008]
[Chemical formula 2]
R1 nSiX4-n(1)
(Wherein R1Represents a group containing H or F or B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge or Ti or an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, and X represents a hydrolyzable group. And may be the same or different, n is an integer of 0 or 1) and (b)N, N'-dialkylcarbodiimideIt is characterized by including.The composition for forming a silica-based film of the present invention comprises (a) a siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a compound represented by the general formula (1), and (b) a carbodiimide, and (a) a siloxane The total number of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of H, F, B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti, and C bonded per silicon atom of the resin is 0.20-0. It may be characterized by 65.Further, claims 1 to 1 of the present invention.9The described silica-based film preferably has a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 or less. The relative dielectric constant of the silica-based film is more preferably 3.3 or less, particularly preferably 3.0 or less, and extremely preferably 2.7 or less. When the relative dielectric constant exceeds 3.5, it becomes a hindrance to speeding up due to the miniaturization of circuits and the like in electronic parts, and the adaptability to electronic parts tends to deteriorate. Further, using a silica-based film having a relative dielectric constant exceeding 3.5,10In the case where voids are introduced by the described technique to further reduce the dielectric constant, it is necessary to introduce a large amount of voids, which may cause a decrease in film strength, which is not preferable.
[0009]
Further, the claims of the present invention10The described silica-based coating preferably has a relative dielectric constant of 3.0 or less. The relative dielectric constant of the silica-based film is more preferably 2.7 or less, particularly preferably 2.5 or less, and extremely preferably 2.3 or less.
[0010]
The lower limit is usually about 1.5. In order to reduce the relative dielectric constant of the silica-based film, for example, it is effective to increase the amount of micropores introduced.
In the present invention, the relative dielectric constant is a value measured in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C. and humidity 40% ± 10%. As a method for forming a film for measuring the relative dielectric constant, the film is formed so that the film thickness is 0.4 to 0.6 μm. Specifically, after coating by spin coating on a low resistivity silicon wafer (resistivity <10 Ωcm), the solvent was removed with a hot plate heated to 200 ° C., and finally cured at 400 ° C./30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. By doing so, a film is formed. After the coating is formed, Al metal is vacuum-deposited with a vacuum deposition apparatus so as to have a thickness of 2 mmφ and a thickness of about 0.1 μm. A structure in which an insulating film is sandwiched between an Al metal and a low resistivity silicon wafer is formed, and the charge capacity is measured.
[0011]
Here, the film thickness is a film thickness measured by an ellipsometer L116B manufactured by Gartner. Specifically, a film thickness obtained from a phase difference caused by irradiation with He-Ne laser irradiation on the film is used. .
[0012]
The relative dielectric constant of the coating is measured by measuring the charge capacity between the Al metal and the low resistivity silicon wafer. The charge capacity is measured by connecting a dielectric test fixture (Yokogawa Electric: HP16451B) to an LF impedance analyzer (Yokogawa Electric: HP4192A). The value measured at a measurement frequency of 10 kHz is used.
Substituting into the following formula (1) from the above measured value, the relative dielectric constant of the film is measured.
[0013]
[Expression 1]
[0014]
The silica-based coating of the present invention preferably has an elastic modulus of 2.5 GPa or more, more preferably 3.0 GPa or more, particularly preferably 3.5 GPa or more, and 4.0 GPa or more. It is extremely preferable that it is 4.5 GPa or more. The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is usually about 30 GPa.
[0015]
The increase in elastic modulus can be achieved, for example, by reducing the proportion of organic groups contained in the siloxane resin.
In the present invention, the elastic modulus of the silica-based coating is an elastic modulus in the vicinity of the surface of the silica-based coating, and a value obtained using a nanoindenter XP manufactured by MTS is used. As a method for forming a coating, a coating is used which is spin-coated on a silicon wafer so that the coating thickness is 0.5 μm to 0.6 μm, and after removing the solvent with a hot plate, cured at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes. . A thin film is not preferable because it is affected by the substrate. The vicinity of the surface indicates the elastic modulus at a depth within 1/10 of the film thickness, specifically, the depth of 15 nm to 50 nm from the film surface.
In addition, the load and the load speed are varied according to a relationship such as the following equation (2).
[0016]
[Expression 2]
dL / dt × 1 / L = 0.05 (sec-1(2)
L = load, t = time
In addition, a Barkovic indenter (material: diamond) is used as the indenter for pushing, and the amplitude frequency of the indenter is set to 45 Hz for measurement.
The (a) siloxane resin in the present invention is a resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
[0017]
[Chemical Formula 3]
R1 nSiX4-n (1)
(Wherein R1Represents a group containing H or F or B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge or Ti, or an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, and X is a hydrolyzable group And may be the same or different, and n is an integer of 0 or 1)
Examples of the hydrolyzable group X include an alkoxy group, a halogen group, an acetoxy group, and an isocyanate group. Alkoxy groups are preferred from the viewpoints of liquid stability of the film-forming composition and film coating properties.
[0018]
Examples of the compound (alkoxysilane) in which the hydrolyzable group X is an alkoxy group include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-iso-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, Tetraalkoxysilanes such as tetra-sec-butoxysilane, tetra-tert-butoxysilane, tetraphenoxysilane, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, tripropoxysilane, fluorotrimethoxysilane, fluorotriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, Methyltriethoxysilane, methyltri-n-propoxysilane, methyltri-iso-propoxysilane, methyltri-n-butoxysilane, methyltri-iso-butoxysilane, methyltri-tert-butyl Xysilane, methyltriphenoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, ethyltri-n-propoxysilane, ethyltri-iso-propoxysilane, ethyltri-n-butoxysilane, ethyltri-iso-butoxysilane, ethyltri-tert-butoxy Silane, ethyltriphenoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, n-propyltri-n-propoxysilane, n-propyltri-iso-propoxysilane, n-propyltri-n-butoxysilane N-propyltri-iso-butoxysilane, n-propyltri-tert-butoxysilane, n-propyltriphenoxysilane, iso-propyltrimethoxysilane, iso-propyltriet Sisilane, iso-propyltri-n-propoxysilane, iso-propyltri-iso-propoxysilane, iso-propyltri-n-butoxysilane, iso-propyltri-iso-butoxysilane, iso-propyltri-tert-butoxy Silane, iso-propyltriphenoxysilane, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyltriethoxysilane, n-butyltri-n-propoxysilane, n-butyltri-iso-propoxysilane, n-butyltri-n-butoxysilane, n-butyltri-iso-butoxysilane, n-butyltri-tert-butoxysilane, n-butyltriphenoxysilane, sec-butyltrimethoxysilane, sec-butyltriethoxysilane, sec-butyltri-n-propoxy Sisilane, sec-butyltri-iso-propoxysilane, sec-butyltri-n-butoxysilane, sec-butyltri-iso-butoxysilane, sec-butyltri-tert-butoxysilane, sec-butyltriphenoxysilane, t-butyltrimethoxy Silane, t-butyltriethoxysilane, t-butyltri-n-propoxysilane, t-butyltri-iso-propoxysilane, t-butyltri-n-butoxysilane, t-butyltri-iso-butoxysilane, t-butyltri-tert -Butoxysilane, t-butyltriphenoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltri-n-propoxysilane, phenyltri-iso-propoxysilane, phenyltri-n-but Sisilane, phenyltri-iso-butoxysilane, phenyltri-tert-butoxysilane, phenyltriphenoxysilane, trifluoromethyltrimethoxysilane, pentafluoroethyltrimethoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, Trialkoxysilanes such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldi-n-propoxysilane, dimethyldi-iso-propoxysilane, dimethyldi-n-butoxysilane, dimethyldi- sec-butoxysilane, dimethyldi-tert-butoxysilane, dimethyldiphenoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, diethyldi-n-propoxysila Diethyldi-iso-propoxysilane, diethyldi-n-butoxysilane, diethyldi-sec-butoxysilane, diethyldi-tert-butoxysilane, diethyldiphenoxysilane, di-n-propyldimethoxysilane, di-n-propyldiethoxysilane Di-n-propyldi-n-propoxysilane, di-n-propyldi-iso-propoxysilane, di-n-propyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-n-propyldi-sec-butoxysilane, di-n-propyldi -Tert-butoxysilane, di-n-propyldiphenoxysilane, di-iso-propyldimethoxysilane, di-iso-propyldiethoxysilane, di-iso-propyldi-n-propoxysilane, di-iso-propyldi-iso -Propoxysilane Di-iso-propyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-iso-propyldi-sec-butoxysilane, di-iso-propyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-iso-propyldiphenoxysilane, di-n-butyldimethoxysilane Di-n-butyldiethoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-n-propoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-iso-propoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-sec -Butoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-n-butyldiphenoxysilane, di-sec-butyldimethoxysilane, di-sec-butyldiethoxysilane, di-sec-butyldi-n-propoxy Silane, di-sec-butyldi-iso-propoxysilane, di-sec- Tildi-n-butoxysilane, di-sec-butyldi-sec-butoxysilane, di-sec-butyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-sec-butyldiphenoxysilane, di-tert-butyldimethoxysilane, di-tert- Butyldiethoxysilane, di-tert-butyldi-n-propoxysilane, di-tert-butyldi-iso-propoxysilane, di-tert-butyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-tert-butyldi-sec-butoxysilane, di -Tert-butyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-tert-butyldiphenoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldiethoxysilane, diphenyldi-n-propoxysilane, diphenyldi-iso-propoxysilane, diphenyldi-n- Toxisilane, diphenyldi-sec-butoxysilane, diphenyldi-tert-butoxysilane, diphenyldiphenoxysilane, bis (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) dimethoxysilane, methyl (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) Examples include diorganodialkoxysilanes such as dimethoxysilane.
[0019]
In addition to the alkoxysilane described above with the compound represented by the general formula (1), halogensilanes in which the alkoxy group is replaced with a halogen atom with the above alkoxysilane, and the alkoxy group is replaced with an acetoxy group. Examples include acetoxysilanes, and soocyanate silanes in which an alkoxy group is replaced with an isocyanate group.
These compounds represented by the general formula (1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0020]
Further, in the hydrolysis condensation of the compound represented by the general formula (1), as a catalyst for promoting the hydrolysis condensation reaction, formic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, Heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, butyric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-toluenesulfone Organic acids such as acid, phthalic acid, sulfonic acid and tartaric acid, and inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid can be used. The amount of the catalyst used is preferably in the range of 0.0001 to 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (1). When the amount is too large, gelation tends to be promoted. When the amount is too small, the polymerization reaction tends not to proceed.
Moreover, you may remove the alcohol byproduced by a hydrolysis reaction using an evaporator etc. depending on the case.
[0021]
In addition, the amount of water to be present in the hydrolysis-condensation reaction system is appropriately determined, but if it is too little or too much, the film formability is poor and there is a problem such as a decrease in storage stability. Is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 mol, more preferably in the range of 1 to 16 mol, and particularly preferably in the range of 2 to 8 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (1). Moreover, when there is too much, since the effect of the (b) component added later reduces, it is unpreferable.
[0022]
(A) The siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in terms of solubility in a solvent, mechanical properties, moldability, and the like. The weight average molecular weight of the value converted using a standard polystyrene calibration curve is preferably 500 to 20,000, and more preferably 1,000 to 10,000.
[0023]
(A) Total number (M) of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of H, F, B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti and C bonded per silicon atom of the siloxane resin Is preferably 0.65 or less, more preferably 0.55 or less, particularly preferably 0.50 or less, extremely preferably 0.45 or less, and 0.40 or less. It is very particularly preferred. This lower limit is about 0.20.
When this total number (M) exceeds 0.65, the adhesiveness, low dielectric constant, etc. of the finally obtained silica-based coating tend to be inferior.
This total number (M) is calculated by, for example, the following formula (3) ((a) calculated from the charged amount of the compound represented by the general formula (1)).
[0024]
[Equation 3]
M = ((A) + ((B) / 2) + ((C) / 3)) / (number of Si atoms) (3)
(A) Number of atoms bonded to only one silicon atom in at least one atom selected from the group consisting of H, F, B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti and C.
(B) The number of atoms shared by two silicon atoms with at least one atom selected from the group consisting of B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti and C.
(C) Number of atoms shared by three silicon atoms by at least one atom selected from the group consisting of B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti and C.
[0025]
The composition for forming a silica-based film of the present invention contains (b) a carbodiimide as an essential component. In addition, it is not preferable that the composition for forming a silica-based film of the present invention contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. These concentrations are preferably 100 ppb or less, more preferably 20 ppb or less in the composition. If these ions are contained in a large amount, metal ions may flow into the semiconductor element and affect the device performance itself. From the above, the component (b) is not particularly limited, but it is not preferable that the compound contains a metal. However, this is not limited as long as it can be easily removed. Some examples are shown below.
Examples of component (b) include N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N, N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide. Of these, N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is preferred. Component (b) is 0.001 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of component (a) (in terms of complete hydrolysis condensate). If the amount is too large, the stability of the film-forming composition may be impaired. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, the effect may not be sufficiently exhibited.
[0026]
(A) When the component (b) is mixed with the siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of the compound represented by the general formula (1), insoluble matter may be precipitated, but this may be removed by filtration. It can be left still and the supernatant can be used. Further, a solvent may be added and dissolved.
[0027]
The composition for forming a silica-based film of the present invention preferably contains a solvent. Examples of the solvent include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, i-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, sec -Pentanol, t-pentanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n-hexanol, 2-methylpentanol, sec-hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, sec-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, sec-octanol, n-nonyl alcohol, n-decanol, sec-undecyl alcohol, trimethylnonyl alcohol, sec-tetradecyl alcohol, sec-heptadecyl alcohol, phenol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, ben Alcohols such as alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-n-propyl ketone, methyl -N-butyl ketone, methyl-i-butyl ketone, methyl-n-pentyl ketone, methyl-n-hexyl ketone, diethyl ketone, di-i-butyl ketone, trimethylnonanone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, 2,4-pentanedione, Ketone solvents such as acetonyl acetone, diacetone alcohol, acetophenone, ethyl ether, i-propyl ether, n-butyl ether, n-hexyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl Ether, ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, dioxolane, 4-methyldioxolane, dioxane, dimethyldioxane, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether, ethylene glycol Monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylbutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n- Hexyl ether, D Toxitriglycol, tetraethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran Ether solvents such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, i-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, i-butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, sec-acetate Pentyl, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, methylpentyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, benzyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, vinegar Methylcyclohexyl, nonyl acetate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoacetate -N-butyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, glycol diacetate, methoxytriglycol acetate, ethyl propionate, propionate n -Butyl, i-amyl propionate, diethyl oxalate, di-n-butyl oxalate , Methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, n- butyl, include ester such as various solvents, such as lactic acid n- amyl, and these are used singly or in combination of two or more. The amount of the solvent used is preferably such that the amount of the siloxane resin is 5 to 25% by weight. If the amount of the solvent is too small, the stability and film formability tend to be inferior, and if it is too large, it tends to be difficult to obtain a desired film thickness.
[0028]
The composition for forming a silica-based film of the present invention may further contain (d) a pyrolytic volatile compound that is thermally decomposed or volatilized at a heating temperature of 250 to 500 ° C. from the viewpoint of easy adjustment of dielectric properties. preferable.
Examples of the (d) pyrolytic volatile compound include a polymer having a polyalkylene oxide structure, a (meth) acrylate polymer, a polyester polymer, a polycarbonate polymer, and a polyanhydride polymer.
Examples of the polyalkylene oxide structure include a polyethylene oxide structure, a polypropylene oxide structure, a polytetramethylene oxide structure, and a polybutylene oxide structure. Specifically, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene sterol ether, polyoxyethylene lanolin derivative, ethylene oxide derivative of alkylphenol formalin condensate, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, etc. Ether type compounds, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alkanolamide sulfate and other ether ester type compounds, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, ethylene glycol fatty acid ester, fatty acid monoglyceride, polyglycerin fatty acid Esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, etc. And the like over ether ester type compounds.
[0029]
Moreover, as acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester constituting the (meth) acrylate polymer, acrylic acid alkyl ester, methacrylic acid alkyl ester, acrylic acid alkoxyalkyl ester, methacrylic acid alkyl ester, methacrylic acid alkoxyalkyl ester, etc. I can list them. Examples of alkyl acrylate esters include 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, and hexyl acrylate. Examples of the alkyl ester and alkyl methacrylate ester include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, pentyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate and the like. ~ 6 alkyl esters, acrylic acid alkoxyalkyl esters as methoxymethyl acrylate, ethoxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid alkoxyalkyl esters as methoxymethyl methacrylate It can be mentioned methacrylic acid ethoxyethyl, and the like.
[0030]
Examples of polyesters include hydroxycarboxylic acid polycondensates, lactone ring-opening polymers, and polycondensates of aliphatic polyols and aliphatic polycarboxylic acids.
[0031]
Examples of the polycarbonate include polycondensates of carbonic acid and alkylene glycol such as polyethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, polytrimethylene carbonate, polytetramethylene carbonate, polypentamethylene carbonate, and polyhexamethylene carbonate.
[0032]
Examples of the polyanhydride include polycondensates of dicarboxylic acids such as polymalonyl oxide, polyadipoyl oxide, polypimeyl oxide, polysuberoyl oxide, polyazelayl oxide, and polysebacoyl oxide. .
[0033]
In addition, as the compound (d), it is preferable to use a compound having an alkylene oxide structure or an acrylate polymer in view of compatibility with a siloxane resin, solubility in a solvent, mechanical properties, moldability, and the like. . Moreover, it is preferable that the weight average molecular weight of the value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and converted using a standard polystyrene calibration curve is 200 to 200,000, more preferably 200 to 15,000. It is more preferable that A high molecular weight is not preferable because it leads to a decrease in compatibility. The amount of the compound (d) used is preferably 0 to 200% by weight, more preferably 0 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the siloxane resin contained in the composition. If the amount is too large, the mechanical strength tends to decrease.
[0034]
In addition, it is not preferable that the composition for forming a silica-based film of the present invention contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. These concentrations are preferably 100 ppb or less, more preferably 20 ppb or less in the composition. If these ions are contained in a large amount, metal ions may flow into the semiconductor element and affect the device performance itself.
[0035]
Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal can be removed by use of an ion exchange filter, if necessary.
[0036]
In the present invention, when a silica-based film is formed, a spin coating method is mainly used in consideration of film formability and film uniformity. As a method for forming a silica-based film using the spin coating method, first, a silica-based film forming composition is spin-coated on a substrate at 500 to 5000 rotations / minute, preferably 1000 to 3000 rotations / minute. If the number of revolutions in spin coating is too small, the film uniformity deteriorates, and if too high, the film formability deteriorates, which is not preferable.
[0037]
Next, the solvent is dried on a hot plate at 50 to 350 ° C., preferably 100 to 250 ° C. When the drying temperature is too low, it is not preferable because the solvent is not sufficiently dried. When the drying temperature is too high, the pyrolytic volatile compound or ionic compound for porous formation is pyrolyzed and volatilized before the siloxane skeleton is formed. Therefore, dielectric characteristics cannot be obtained, which is not preferable.
[0038]
Next, final curing is performed at 350 to 500 ° C. Final cure is N2It is preferable to carry out in inert atmosphere, such as Ar, He, and it is preferable that oxygen concentration is 1000 ppm or less. The heating time is preferably 2 to 60 minutes. If the heating time is long, the wiring metal is deteriorated, which is not preferable. The apparatus is preferably a heat treatment apparatus such as a quartz tube furnace, a hot plate, or rapid thermal annealing.
[0039]
The film thickness of the silica-based film of the present invention is preferably 0.01 μm to 40 μm, and more preferably 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. If the film thickness is too thick, cracks due to stress tend to occur, and if the film thickness is too thin, the leak characteristics between the upper and lower wirings tend to deteriorate.
[0040]
Examples of the electronic component of the present invention include those having an insulating coating such as a semiconductor element and a multilayer wiring board. The silica-based coating of the present invention can be used as a surface protective film, a buffer coat film, an interlayer insulating film and the like in a semiconductor element. In a multilayer wiring board, it can be used as an interlayer insulating film. By such application, high reliability can be achieved simultaneously with high performance such as reduction of signal propagation delay time.
[0041]
As semiconductor elements, individual semiconductors such as diodes, transistors, compound semiconductors, thermistors, varistors, thyristors, DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memory), SRAMs (Static Random Access Memory), EPROMs (Erasable Programmable Programmable) Theories of read-only memory (ROM), mask ROM (mask read-only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), flash memory, etc., microprocessor, DSP, ASIC, etc. Circuit elements, integrated circuit elements such as compound semiconductors such as MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit), hybrid integrated circuits (hybrid IC), light emitting diodes, electric Such as a photoelectric conversion element such as a coupling element and the like.
Examples of the multilayer wiring board include a high-density wiring board such as MCM.
[0042]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these description.
Example 1
In a solution of 114.6 g of tetraethoxysilane and 80.21 g of methyltriethoxysilane dissolved in 335.9 g of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid was dissolved was stirred for 30 minutes. And dripped. After completion of dropping, the reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 hours to obtain a polysiloxane solution. After the generated ethanol was distilled off under reduced pressure, 0.1 g of N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was added to prepare a composition for forming a silica-based film.
[0043]
Example 2
In a solution of 114.6 g of tetraethoxysilane and 80.21 g of methyltriethoxysilane dissolved in 335.9 g of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid was dissolved was stirred for 30 minutes. And dripped. After completion of dropping, the reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 hours to obtain a polysiloxane solution. After distilling off the generated ethanol under reduced pressure, 0.1 g of N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 30.00 g of polyethylene oxide oleyl ether (ethylene oxide continuous number = 7) were added to prepare a composition for forming a silica-based film. Produced.
[0044]
Example 3
In a solution of 125.0 g of tetraethoxysilane and 71.3 g of methyltriethoxysilane in 335.9 g of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid was dissolved was stirred for 30 minutes. And dripped. After completion of dropping, the reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 hours to obtain a polysiloxane solution. Into this, 0.1 g of N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was added, and the produced ethanol was distilled off to prepare a composition for forming a silica-based film.
[0045]
Example 4
In a solution of 125.0 g of tetraethoxysilane and 71.3 g of methyltriethoxysilane in 335.9 g of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid was dissolved was stirred for 30 minutes. And dripped. After completion of dropping, the reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 hours to obtain a polysiloxane solution. To this, 0.1 g of N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 36.00 g of polyethylene oxide oleyl ether (ethylene oxide continuous number = 7) were added, and the produced ethanol was distilled off to obtain a composition for forming a silica-based film. Was made.
[0046]
Comparative Example 1
In a solution of 125.0 g of tetraethoxysilane and 71.3 g of methyltriethoxysilane in 335.9 g of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid was dissolved was stirred for 30 minutes. And dripped. After completion of dropping, the reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 hours to obtain a polysiloxane solution. This was made into the composition for silica-type film formation.
[0047]
Comparative Example 2
In a solution of 125.0 g of tetraethoxysilane and 71.3 g of methyltriethoxysilane in 335.9 g of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid was dissolved was stirred for 30 minutes. And dripped. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was reacted for 5 hours, and 36.00 g of polyethylene oxide oleyl ether (ethylene oxide continuous number = 7) was added to prepare a composition for forming a silica-based film.
[0048]
Silica coating production
The composition for forming a silica-based film produced according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was spin-coated at a rotational speed of 1000 rpm / 30 seconds. After spin coating, after removing the solvent over 150 ° C./1 minute + 250 ° C./1 minute, O2The coating was finally cured at 400 ° C./30 minutes in a quartz tube furnace whose concentration was controlled around 100 ppm. After film formation, the film thickness was measured with an ellipsometer.
Coating evaluation
With respect to the film formed by the above film forming method, the electrical characteristics and film strength of the film were evaluated by the following method.
[0049]
[Specific permittivity measurement]
An aluminum film having a circular electrode with a diameter of 2 mm was formed on these films to a thickness of 0.1 μm by vacuum deposition, and the relative dielectric constant of this sample was measured at a frequency of 10 kHz with an LF impedance meter.
(Elastic modulus measurement)
The elasticity modulus which shows film | membrane intensity | strength was measured with respect to these films using the nano indenter XP made from MTS.
[Single-film CMP resistance]
These films were subjected to CMP polishing under conditions where the films were not polished. Using HS-C430 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. as a slurry, polishing was performed at an applied load of 400 gf / cm 2 for 1 minute, and the remaining film was examined. When the film remained, it was shown that the film strength was sufficient. A case where there was no problem 100% was judged as ◯, and a case where cohesive failure of the film was observed was judged as x.
Evaluation results
The composition evaluation results and the film evaluation results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0050]
[Table 1]
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
Claims 1 to9The composition for forming a silica-based film described above has sufficient mechanical strength, excellent low dielectric properties, excellent adhesion to a silicon wafer, and in some cases, can easily produce a silica-based film with excellent electrical reliability. Is. Claim10The method for producing a silica-based film described above is sufficient in mechanical strength, excellent in low dielectric properties, excellent in adhesion to a silicon wafer, and in some cases, excellent in electrical reliability. It can be manufactured and has a large process margin. Claim11, 12The method for producing the composition for forming a silica-based film described above is for forming a silica-based film having sufficient mechanical strength, excellent low dielectric properties, excellent adhesion to a silicon wafer, and in some cases excellent electrical reliability. A method for producing a composition is provided. Claim13The electronic components described are high-density, high-grade, and highly reliable
Claims (13)
(b)N,N’−ジアルキルカルボジイミドを含むことを特徴とするシリカ系被膜形成用組成物。(A) a siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a compound represented by the following general formula (1),
(b)カルボジイミド類を含み、
(a)シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子の総数が0.20〜0.65であるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物。(A) a siloxane resin obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a compound represented by the following general formula (1),
(A) The total number of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of H, F, B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti, and C bonded per silicon atom of the siloxane resin is 0. The composition for silica-type film formation which is 20-0.65.
R 1 n SiX 4−n (1)
(式中、R 1 は、H若しくはF又はB、N、Al、P、Si、Ge若しくはTiを含む基又は炭素数1〜20の有機基を示し、同一でも異なっていてもよく、Xは、加水分解性基を示すし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、nは0、1又は2の整数である)に
(b)N,N’−ジアルキルカルボジイミドを添加して調整されるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物の製造方法。(A) the following general formula (1) hydrolyzing and condensing a compound to be represented by in the resulting siloxane resin
R 1 n SiX 4-n (1)
(Wherein R 1 represents H or F or a group containing B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge or Ti, or an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different, and X is And a hydrolytic group, which may be the same or different, and n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2) . (B) Silica-based coating prepared by adding N, N′-dialkylcarbodiimide A method for producing a forming composition.
R 1 n SiX 4−n (1)
(式中、R 1 は、H若しくはF又はB、N、Al、P、Si、Ge若しくはTiを含む基又は炭素数1〜20の有機基を示し、同一でも異なっていてもよく、Xは、加水分解性基を示すし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、nは0、1又は2の整数である)に
(b)カルボジイミド類を添加して調整されるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物の製造方法であって、
(a)シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH、F、B、N、Al、P、Si、Ge、Ti及びCからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子の総数が0.20〜0.65である、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物の製造方法。(A) the following general formula (1) hydrolyzing and condensing a compound to be represented by in the resulting siloxane resin
R 1 n SiX 4-n (1)
(Wherein R 1 represents H or F or a group containing B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge or Ti, or an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different, and X is Of the composition for forming a silica-based film prepared by adding a carbodiimide to (b) a hydrolyzable group, which may be the same or different, and n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2 . A manufacturing method comprising:
(A) The total number of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of H, F, B, N, Al, P, Si, Ge, Ti, and C bonded per silicon atom of the siloxane resin is 0. The manufacturing method of the composition for silica-type film formation which is 20-0.65.
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