JP3678250B2 - Optical disc, optical disc processing apparatus, and optical disc processing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an optical disc and an optical disc processing apparatus, and more specifically, is a recordable optical disc in which a recording area is divided into a plurality of groups by a circumferential boundary, and a defective sector of the disc is classified for each group. The present invention relates to an optical disc having a spare area to which an alternative sector can be allocated and an optical disc processing apparatus capable of recording / reproducing the optical disc.

  The format of the data zone of the conventional optical disk will be described. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration of a data zone of an optical disk described in STANDARD ECMA-201 DATA INTERCHANGE ON 90 mm OPTICAL DISK CARTRIDGES. This standard describes the read-only type, the partially recordable type, and the recordable type, but here, only the recordable type will be described.

  In the figure, the data zone includes four defect management areas (DMA). Two of them are arranged in front of the user area, and the latter two are arranged behind the user area. The buffer tracks are arranged on the inner circumference side of the defect management area 1 and on the outer circumference side of the defect management area 4. An area sandwiched between the defect management area 2 and the defect management area 3 is called a user area and constitutes a recording / reproduction area in which user data is recorded or reproduced. Each defect management area includes a disk definition structure (Disk Definition Structure: DDS), a primary defect list (Primary Defect List: PDL), and a secondary defect list (Secondary Defect List: SDL). The DDS is recorded in the first sector of each DMA after the initialization of the disk. The contents of the PDL and SDL start addresses are stored in addition to a code indicating the type of disk for each group, such as recordable and read-only. The PDL contains the addresses of all defective sectors detected at initialization. The SDL is arranged immediately after the PDL and includes an address of a defective sector and an address of a replacement sector for managing the defective sector detected at the time of recording. Thus, PDL and SDL are defect (management) information for managing defective sectors in an optical disc, and the sizes of PDL and SDL are determined by the contents thereof. The same PDL and SDL are recorded in the four defective areas on the optical disc.

The location of the DMA has a predetermined start address value on the disk. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the arrangement positions of DMAs on a conventional optical disc. In the case of ECMA-201 given in this example, a fixed value is defined as shown in FIG.
Here, in the standard ISO / IEC15041 having the same type and different capacities, two groups of 512 bytes and 2048 bytes are defined for one sector although they have a similar group configuration. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the arrangement positions of DMAs on another conventional optical disc. As shown in FIG. 18, each has a fixed value different from the previous case.

  Therefore, the drive device capable of reproducing the two types of discs described above incorporates the location where the DMA of each disc type is stored in each F / W (firmware).

  Further, the size of the spare area in each zone of these disks is substantially proportional to the size of the user area in each zone. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the size of a spare area of a conventional optical disc ECMA-201. As shown in the figure, the number of spare tracks is determined so that the ratio of the number of spare tracks to the number of data tracks does not fall below 0.2%.

  In the apparatus for driving the optical disk medium as described above, the position information as a parameter of the write / read command coming from the host is a logical address, but the drive needs to convert it into a physical address. Furthermore, it is necessary to specify the group configuration in specifying the position of the replacement sector corresponding to the defective sector.

  Since conventional optical disks are configured as described above, the addition of firmware for an optical disk device that controls defect management that manages the conversion of physical addresses and logical addresses and the allocation of spare areas by the appearance of media with different group configurations There was a problem that needed to be changed.

  In addition, even in a disk having a specific group configuration, since the size of the defect management area for each group is fixed, there is a problem that a defect management area more than necessary may occur depending on the application.

  In addition, when a new medium having a different group configuration appears, information indicating the position of the area having the position information of the area having the position information of the defective sector and the area storing the information for specifying the group structure cannot be discriminated from the disc. In addition, there is a problem in that an optical disc apparatus that supports only a conventional group configuration cannot reproduce a medium having a new group configuration.

  In addition, since data is normally recorded from a zone including a sector having a small logical address, a zone including a sector having a smaller logical address has a higher probability of using a spare area. Nevertheless, since the size of the spare area of each zone on the disc is almost proportional to the size of the user area of each zone, the error rate of the data recorded in each zone on the disc is biased. Occurs.

  Further, various control data are stored in the zone including the sector having the logical address value 0, and the size of the spare area of each zone of the disk is required despite the necessity of ensuring higher reliability. Since it is almost proportional to the size of the user area of each zone, the reliability of the control data was insufficient.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to obtain an optical disc that can be recorded and reproduced without changing the firmware of the conventional apparatus even when an optical disc having a different group configuration appears. It is another object of the present invention to provide an optical disc and an optical disc processing apparatus that can arbitrarily change the size of the spare area depending on the application. It is another object of the present invention to provide an optical disc that can easily allocate a spare area according to the access frequency of a user and the importance of recorded data.

  The optical disk according to claim 1 includes a control data area having information for controlling a recording / reproducing operation of the optical disk in the reproducible area, and a plurality of pieces of information for controlling replacement processing of defective sectors in the recordable / reproducible area. It includes a plurality of defect management areas, and information indicating the position of the defect management area is recorded in the control data area.

  The optical disk according to claim 2 is characterized in that the position information includes a head position, a number, or a size of the plurality of defect management areas.

  The optical disk according to claim 3 is characterized in that the head position of the control data area is always arranged at the same position regardless of the recordable capacity of the optical disk.

  An optical disk according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes information representing a head address or a size of the spare area.

  The optical disk processing apparatus according to claim 5 is characterized in that when the optical disk is initialized, the size of the spare area is set, and the set size or the start address of the spare area is recorded in the defect management area.

  The optical disc according to claim 6 is a recordable optical disc in which a recording area is divided into a plurality of groups by a circumferential boundary, and the number of sectors per track circumference is different for each group, The optical disc includes a control data area having information for controlling the recording / reproducing operation of the optical disc in the playable area, and the control data area is a linear function relating to a group number for obtaining the number of tracks for a predetermined group, or a predetermined function It has a parameter expressing a linear function for obtaining the number of sectors for the group.

  The optical disc according to claim 7 includes a plurality of defect management areas having information for controlling replacement processing of defective sectors in a recordable / reproducible area, and the defect management area includes the number of sectors in a spare area in a predetermined group. It includes a parameter of a linear or quadratic function related to a group number for obtaining.

  9. The optical disk according to claim 8, wherein the recordable / reproducible area includes a plurality of defect management areas having information for controlling replacement processing of defective sectors, and the defect management area includes the total number of sectors belonging to a predetermined group. And information indicating the ratio of the number of sectors belonging to the spare area.

  The optical disk according to claim 9 is a recordable optical disk in which a recording area is divided into a plurality of groups by a circumferential boundary, and the number of sectors per track is different for each group, and each group has a different number of sectors. A user in a group including a spare area to which a sector as an alternative to a defective sector of a disk can be allocated and a user area in which a user can record and reproduce information, the sector including a sector having a logical address value of 0 The ratio of the number of sectors in the spare area to the number of sectors in the area is configured to be larger than the ratio in other groups.

  The optical disc according to claim 10 is a recordable optical disc in which a recording area is divided into a plurality of groups by a circumferential boundary, and the number of sectors per track circumference is different for each group, and each group has a different number of sectors. A user in a group including a spare area to which a sector as an alternative to a defective sector of the disk can be allocated and a user area in which a user can record and reproduce information, and which includes a sector with the smallest logical address value The ratio of the number of sectors in the spare area to the number of sectors in the area and the ratio in the group including the sector having the maximum logical address value are configured to be larger than the ratio in the other groups.

  In the optical disk according to claim 11, in the optical disk according to claim 9 or 10, the ratio of the number of sectors in the spare area to the number of sectors in the user area in the other group becomes larger in a group including a smaller logical address value. It is configured as described above.

  Even when optical discs having different group configurations appear, it is possible to obtain an optical disc that can be recorded and reproduced without changing the firmware of the conventional apparatus. Further, it is possible to obtain an optical disc and an optical disc processing apparatus that can arbitrarily change the size of the spare area depending on the application. Further, it is possible to obtain an optical disc capable of easily allocating a spare area according to the access frequency of the user and the importance of recorded data.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a zone configuration of an optical disk medium according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. A zone is a plurality of annular areas divided according to the radial position of the disk, and is composed of a plurality of tracks. The track is composed of recording / reproduction units such as sectors. In FIG. 1, zone 0 is composed of four sectors, zone 1 is composed of five sectors, and zone 2 is composed of six sectors, and the number of sectors per track is different for each group. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of zones of the optical disk medium according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Each zone includes a group composed of a user area and a spare area and a guard area sandwiching the group. The guard area is for preventing crosstalk from the track of the adjacent zone at the zone boundary. That is, for example, in a ZCAV type optical disk having a preformat header, the positions of the headers are different in the circumferential direction in the tracks adjacent to the zone boundary, and crosstalk occurs, so the number of innermost and outermost zones of the zone The track is called a guard area and is not used for data recording / reproduction. The user area is an area where the user records / reproduces data, and the spare area is an area used instead of the sector when there is a sector that cannot be normally recorded / reproduced due to a defect in the user area.

  In the reproducible area on the innermost circumference of the disc, a control data area having information necessary for controlling the recording / reproducing operation such as the rotational speed of the disc and the laser power required for recording / reproducing is provided.

  A defect management area (DMA) having information for controlling defective sector replacement processing is provided in the recordable / reproducible areas on the inner circumference side of the innermost zone and the outer circumference side of the outermost zone. . FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the DMA and control data areas of the optical disk medium according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the first embodiment, four DMAs having the same contents are provided to improve reliability, DMA1 and DMA2 are arranged on the inner circumference side of the disk, and DMA3 and DMA4 are arranged on the outer circumference side. Yes.

  The control data area includes physical format information in which position information indicating the positions of the defect management areas DMA1 to DMA4 described above is recorded. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing physical format information in the control data area of the optical disk medium according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the position information includes various information related to the DMA such as the number of DMAs, the size, and the head position. The position of the control data area in which the physical format information is stored is always recorded at the same position regardless of the recordable capacity of the optical disk.

Further, the physical format information in the control data area stores a parameter that can specify the group configuration of the disk. The parameters are as follows.
-Number of disk zones zn
・ Number of tracks in guard area gtn (N)
・ Number of tracks in each zone tn (N)
-Number of sectors in each track sn (N)
・ Start start address ua (N) of user area of each zone
However, N is a zone number. These values and functions indicate the physical configuration of the disk and are not changed as long as the same disk base is used. The disk is configured such that the number of tracks tn (N) in each zone and the number of sectors sn (N) in each track can be expressed in the form of a linear function. In FIG. 3, only constants of a linear function are registered in the track number tn (N) of each zone and the sector number sn (N) of each track. For example, if the number of tracks in each zone is tn (N) = t1 · N + t0, t1 (constant) and t0 (constant) are registered as parameters. Similarly, the number of sectors sn (N) of each track is registered with s1 (constant) and s0 (constant) as parameters. Similarly, the start head address of the user area of each zone is registered in a format in which only function constants are registered.

  One of the elements defining the disk group structure is the size of the spare area. Conventionally, the size and position of the spare area are fixed. However, in this embodiment, the size of the spare area is set when the optical disk is initialized by using an optical disk processing apparatus (not shown). Is recorded in the defect management area. As described above, this area is used for disk defect processing. When a sector in the user area cannot be normally recorded / reproduced due to dirt or a medium defect, a sector in the spare area is used instead of the sector that cannot be recorded / reproduced. Which sector is defective and which spare area is used instead of the defective sector is usually managed by using a defect list in a defect management area called DMA (Defect Management Area). FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of DMA and DDS of the optical disk medium according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In addition to the defect list, each DMA has a DDS (Disc Definition Structure) that defines the structure of the data area of the disc. In the present embodiment, a parameter for defining the spare area is stored therein. The number of sectors in the spare area spn (N) is preferably set so that the ratio between the user area and the spare area is the same in each zone. If the spare area is small in a specific zone, the spare area is used up earlier in the zone than in other zones, and the spare area in another zone is allocated, so the number of head seeks increases. This is because the data transfer rate decreases.

  Since the number of tracks tn (N) in each zone and the number of sectors in each track are at most linear functions, the number of sectors in each zone is at most a quadratic function. In FIG. 4, the number of sectors in the spare area of each zone is expressed by a quadratic function as spn (N) = sp2 · N · N + sp1 · N + ssp0, but the number of tracks per zone is constant. In this case, spn (N) can be expressed in the form of a linear function.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration example of DMA and DDS of the optical disc medium according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  Similarly to the size of the spare area, the number of tracks in the guard area is recorded with parameters in the function format. In FIG. 4, the number of tracks in the guard area is a constant such as gtn (N) = gt0. This is because the necessary guard area is constant regardless of the zone position.

  Further, as another method of expressing the number of sectors in the spare area of each zone, the function recording area can be reduced by describing the ratio of the number of sectors to the number of sectors in the user area.

  Further, as a representation method other than the number of sectors in the spare area of each zone, a function can be similarly formed by using the start address of the spare area instead of the size of the spare area.

  In general, the larger the spare area, the harder the disk to be defective. On the other hand, the area that can be used by the user decreases. That is, the user capacity of the disk is reduced. The size of the spare area of a conventional optical disk is such that a user data error rate can be calculated from the defect rate of the disk and sufficient reliability can be obtained. However, in the recording of information such as video and audio, there are some applications where it is desirable that the recording capacity (time) is long even if the defect rate is somewhat high. For this reason, the position and size of the spare area in each zone are not uniquely determined, but it is possible to improve convenience by making it changeable. As shown in FIG. 4, this function can be realized by recording the arrangement information of the spare area of each zone in the recordable / reproducible area. This information is recorded when the disc is initialized.

  Regarding the start position of the spare area, it is conceivable to register the start position of the spare area of each zone in the DDS, but if it is determined to start without a break immediately after the user area, there is no need for registration.

  As described above, it becomes possible for the user or application to determine the size of the spare area when the disk is initialized. Furthermore, for example, it is possible to construct a unique defect management method in which the size of the spare area is set to 0, that is, the user area is maximized, and the defect management is performed only on the file system side of the host computer, for example. It becomes.

  Only the physical format information and the DDS parameters are used to make the zone configuration of the disk clear. This can facilitate F / W construction of a disk drive device capable of recording / reproducing media of various formats that will appear in the future. That is, it is not necessary to store the disk group structure corresponding to each of a plurality of formats. Further, even when a new group-structured disk appears after the device is completed, the number of firmware changes is smaller than in the past. If playback with the same physical characteristics as before is possible, playback may be performed without change.

  In order to recognize the group configuration from the above information, it is necessary to correctly read the DDS in the DMA. As shown in FIG. 4, if there are four DMAs, DMA1 and DMA2 are arranged on the inner circumference side of the disk, and DMA3 and DMA4 are arranged on the outer circumference side, the DMA3 and 4 on the outer circumference side are the disks. The arrangement position must be changed due to the difference in capacity and the disc diameter. For this purpose, the DMA position information is recorded in the physical format information section in the control data zone of the read-only area of the disc. At the same time, the size and number of DMAs are recorded. By doing so, it is possible to grasp the position of the DMA by reading the physical format information section first even on disks having different capacities. Furthermore, since position information is recorded as pre-pits in the read-only area, it is possible to escape from the risk of accidental erasure. Here, the position where the physical format information section is recorded is arranged at the same address regardless of the type of the disk.

  However, it is difficult to read the control data zone when the rotational speed and the modulation method are different among a plurality of disk types. For this reason, it is desirable to unify the modulation method so that compatibility is easy and to record only the data in the control data zone in a format that can be read even if the disc type is unknown.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a processing flow when the optical disk drive according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention loads a disk. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of the optical disk processing apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 13, 1 is an optical disk, 2 is a disk motor, 3 is an optical head, 4 is an information recording / reproducing means including an error correction processing section and a modulation / demodulation processing section. 5 is the number of zones zn, the number of tracks in each zone tn (N), the number of sectors in each track sn (N), the number of tracks in the guard area gtn (N), and the user area start start address ua (N) in each zone. It is a group structure determination part which determines the group structure of an optical disk from this information. A physical-logical address conversion unit 6 identifies a spare area for each zone from spare area information in the DMA, and uses a logical address value sent when reading / writing a disk from the host computer as a physical address. Convert. Reference numeral 7 denotes a RAM for storing a defect list. A controller 8 controls each unit. An explanation will be given of the case where the optical disk is read / written by the processing apparatus shown in FIG. When the disk is loaded, first, the physical format information section in the control data area is read. As a result, the zone number zn, the track number tn (N) of each zone, the sector number sn (N) of each track, the track number gtn (N) of the guard area, and the user area start top address ua (N) of each zone are obtained. Obtained and sent to the group configuration determination unit 5. Next, the position of the DMA is determined from the obtained DMA position, number, and size, the DMA is accessed, the information is read, and the sector number spn (N) of the spare area is obtained from the defect management information therein. At the same time, the defect management table is stored in the RAM 7. As a result, the physical-logical address conversion unit 6 identifies the group configuration, and further, the position and size of the spare area are clarified. As a result, it is possible to convert the logical address of the read / write sector sent from the host computer into a physical address while referring to the defect management table in the RAM 7.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment, the number of sectors in the spare area of each zone is defined as a function of second order or lower, and the constant of the function is recorded in the DDS as a parameter. In this embodiment, the number of sectors in the spare area of each zone is set so as to be proportional to the total number of sectors in the zone, and the DDS is a parameter for knowing the group configuration by recording the proportionality coefficient. And FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the DDS of the optical disk medium according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the number of sectors sn (N) in the spare area of each zone is k (constant) times the number of sectors tn (N) · sn (N) in each zone, and only k is registered in the DDS. . This embodiment has fewer parameters to be stored than the first embodiment, and the group configuration can be more easily grasped.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the first embodiment, the size of the spare area is set as a linear function so that the ratio of the spare area to the user area is constant. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the size of each zone of the optical disk medium according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In FIG. 7A, a smaller logical address is assigned to the inner zone. Further, the user area sector number us and the spare area ss have a proportional relationship, that is, a linear function relationship with respect to the zone number. However, the ratio of the number of sectors in the spare area to the user area is large on the inner circumference side and smaller on the outer circumference side.

  The logical address is an address value that is continuously assigned in order from the top of the user area. In the optical disk of the present embodiment, logical addresses are assigned from the inner circumference side to the outer circumference side. Data is recorded in order from the inner periphery of the disc. Accordingly, the frequency of recording / reproducing increases as the inner circumference increases. If the size of the spare area is set as in this embodiment, this group structure can be easily parameterized and recorded on the disk. In addition, the ratio of the spare area is increased toward the inner circumference side, the recording / reproduction defect rate of the zone having a high recording / reproducing frequency is decreased, and the spare area is set to the ratio of the spare area to the user area for each zone according to the access frequency. Can be arranged.

  Normally, the entire disk is not always used up, and the lower the logical address, the better. In this actual use state, a method for efficiently using the spare area could be realized. In addition, in a disk in which a larger number of spare areas than the number of defect replacements that can be registered in the defect list are set, the same effect can be obtained by allocating a large number of extra spare areas to places with a high probability of replacement. it can.

  In FIG. 7 (a), the side where the logical address is assigned from the inner circumference side to the outer circumference side of the disk is described. On the contrary, when the logical address is assigned from the outer circumference to the inner circumference, It goes without saying that the ratio of the size of the spare area to the size of the user area is increased toward the outer peripheral side. An example is shown in FIG.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
In the disk of the fourth embodiment, when used as a storage medium of a computer, user data is recorded as a file using a logical format such as UDF (Universal Disk Format) or DOS. In the logical format used in this embodiment, descriptors such as file recording positions, sizes, and attributes are recorded in the vicinity of the logical address 0. For example, in a disk in which logical addresses are assigned in order from the inner circumference to the outer circumference, descriptors are stored in the innermost zone. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the size of each zone of the optical disk medium according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In the disk shown in this figure, the descriptor is in the innermost circumference, and the ratio of the spare area of the zone 0 in the innermost circumference to the user area is larger than in the other zones. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a parameter arrangement indicating the number of sectors in the spare area of each zone of the optical disk medium according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a function spn (N) representing the number of sectors in the spare area of each zone in the DDS is used when n is 1 or more, and when N is 0, a value recorded individually is used.

  By adopting such a disk configuration, it is possible to greatly suppress the degradation of access performance when the number of bad sectors due to defects and dirt allowed in zones containing descriptors that are important in logical format increases. It becomes. Since the rate of reading and writing descriptors for a long time is reduced, a disk that is resistant to defects can be obtained.

  Descriptors used for file management are accessed every time the data on the disk is played / recorded / erased, so if the number of bad sectors in the zone increases, spare areas in other zones are used by defect replacement processing. Then, a long-distance seek operation frequently occurs. If the spare area allocation method shown in the fourth embodiment is used, such a situation can be avoided.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
In the disk according to the fifth embodiment, descriptors such as file recording positions, sizes, and attributes are recorded near the logical address of 0 and near the maximum logical address. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the size of each zone of the optical disk medium according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the disk shown in this figure, the descriptors are in the innermost and outermost zones, and the ratio of the spare area of the innermost zone 0 and the outermost zone 6 to the user area is larger than the other zones. By using this method, in a file format having a logical format in which descriptors are stored in a zone located on the innermost circumference and a zone located on the outermost circumference of the disk, it is possible to obtain a disk with little deterioration in access performance against defects. Can do.

  By adopting such a disk configuration, as in the fourth embodiment, the number of defective sectors due to defects and dirt allowed in a zone including descriptors that are important in the logical format increases, and descriptors can be read and written. Since the rate of time taken is reduced, a disk that is resistant to defects can be obtained.

  The sector described in the present invention represents one of the recording / reproducing units. For example, in a system in which processing for adding an error correction code or the like with a plurality of sectors as one block is performed, the sector may be read as a block. it can.

Embodiment 6 FIG.
FIG. 14 shows an example of zone and group configurations applied to a 120 mm diameter optical disc, and allocation of user areas and spare areas in each group. This will be described with reference to FIG. As indicated by “zone number” in the figure, the disk surface is divided into 35 zones from number 0 to number 34, and a group consisting of a user area and a spare area is formed in each zone. In the disk, a logical address is added to each sector in the user area in order from the inner periphery toward the outer periphery with the innermost periphery as the start position.

  The track pitch is fixed at 0.59 μm, and zone 0 is started from a position having a disk radius of 24 mm. “Radius” in the figure indicates the starting radial position of each zone. In each zone, one track is composed of the number of sectors indicated by “sn (N)” in the figure. For example, in zone 0, one track is composed of 25 sectors, and the number of sectors per track is increased by one as the zone moves to the outer zone. Since the number of tracks included in each zone is 1632, one zone is configured with a width of about 0.96 mm in the radial direction as shown in the figure. However, only one zone 34 is composed of 1344 tracks. This is because the radius of the outermost track is set to 57.53 mm so that the position of the outermost track ends about 2.5 mm inside from the end of the disk in consideration of the characteristic variation of the recording film of the disk.

  In the example shown here, 16 sectors having consecutive logical addresses are collectively handled as one block as a data recording / reproducing unit. The number of blocks included in each zone is indicated by “bn (N)” in the figure. The bn (N) of each zone is given by the following formula: bn (N) = sn (N) × tn (N) / 16 In zone 0 to zone 33, bn (N) = sn (N) × 1632/16, and since only the zone 34 has a small number of tracks per zone, bn (N) = sn (N) × 1344/16 .

  An area composed of bn (N) blocks in each zone includes a user block UB that constitutes a user area, a spare block SB that constitutes a spare area, and a guard block GB1 that constitutes a guard area that sandwiches these blocks from the inner circumference side / outer circumference side. / GB2 and UB and SB form one group.

  GB1 and GB2 are assigned sectors of an integer number of blocks so that each zone has a length of 2 tracks or more, that is, gtn (N) = gt0 = 2. For this reason, the number of blocks GB1 and GB2 gradually increases in the outer peripheral zone. In addition, the zone 1 GB 1 includes a block in the lead-in area arranged at the innermost periphery of the disk in addition to the original guard area block. This increased the number of blocks to 256 blocks. In the lead-in area, an area required for controlling the optical disk drive such as a defect management area is arranged.

  The number of blocks in the guard area that satisfies the above conditions can be obtained by calculation processing. In this embodiment, the number of sectors per track sn (N) can be used to obtain GB1 = GB2 = INT [(sn (N) × gt0-1) / 16] +1. However, the symbol INT [•] represents truncation of the decimal part. Therefore, in an actual optical disc apparatus, GB1 and GB2 can be obtained from the number of sectors per track (sn (N)) for each zone.

  As shown in the figure, the number of spare blocks SB in each zone is 75 blocks in zone 0, and is assigned to increase by 3 blocks each time the zone number increases by 1 when moving to the outer zone. Therefore, the number of sectors spn (N) in the spare area of group number N is expressed as spn (N) = (3N + 75) × 16 = 48N + 1200. If “48” and “1200” in this equation are registered in the defect management area as parameters indicating the size of the spare area, the number of spare sectors in each group can be easily obtained.

  Further, instead of spn (N), the number of spare blocks spb (N) may be defined and used as spb (N) = spn (N) / 16, and spb (N) = 3N + 75. Since values to be registered in the defect management area as parameters indicating the size of the spare area are small values such as “3” and “75”, they can be recorded with a small number of bits and are easy to handle. Of course, at this time, spb (N) can also be used to calculate the size of the spare area, similar to spn (N).

  In SB / UB in the figure, the ratio of the number of spare blocks SB to the number of user blocks UB in each group is shown. In the example shown here, each group in zone 1 to zone 33 is set to allocate a spare block having 3.04% of the number of user blocks. Also, the innermost zone 0 and the outermost zone 34 where important information used in the file system such as management information of files recorded on the disc is placed are respectively 3.39% and 3.72%, As shown, spare blocks were allocated at a higher rate than other zones.

  By doing so, as described in the fourth and fifth embodiments, an optical disk that is resistant to defects can be obtained.

  FIG. 15 shows another example in which the allocation method of the number of blocks of the user area and the spare area is changed for the optical disk having the same zone configuration as shown in FIG. The number of zones, the number of tracks in each zone, the track pitch, the radial position, the number of sectors per track, the number of sectors per block, etc. are the same. The same applies to the disk, in which the logical address is added to each sector in the user area in order from the inner periphery toward the outer periphery with the innermost periphery as the start position. Therefore, “bn (N)” of each zone is the same as the example of FIG. This will be described below with reference to FIG.

  Here, the number of spare blocks SB to be assigned to each zone is 90 blocks in zone 0 as shown in the figure, and is increased by 2 blocks each time the zone number increases by 1 in the outer zone. Set to. Therefore, the number of sectors spn (N) in the spare area of group number N is expressed as spn (N) = (2N + 90) × 16 = 32N + 1440. By registering “32” and “1440” in this equation in the defect management area as parameters indicating the size of the spare area, the number of spare sectors in each group can be easily obtained.

  Similarly to the previous example, the number of spare blocks spb (N) may be used instead of spn (N), and spb (N) = 2N + 90. In this way, the values registered in the defect management area as parameters indicating the size of the spare area are “2” and “90”.

  In SB / UB in the figure, the ratio of the number of spare blocks SB to the number of user blocks UB in each group is shown. In the example shown here, the spare block ratio SB / UB is assigned to each group from zone 1 to zone 33 so as to decrease gradually toward the outer peripheral side where the logical address increases. The spare blocks are distributed with an inclination so that the number of blocks is about 3.61% to 2.72% of the user blocks. In addition, in the innermost zone 0 and the outermost zone 34 where important information of the file system such as management information of files recorded on the disk is placed, 4.09% and 3.78%, respectively. Reserve blocks were allocated at a higher rate than other zones.

  By doing this, as described with reference to FIG. 14, an optical disk that is strong against defects is obtained, and more spare areas are brought closer to the user area in the group on the inner circumference side of the disk that is frequently used. Thus, even when the spare area is exhausted, the average access performance can be minimized.

  Now, when the spare area allocation is set as shown in FIG. 14, the total number of blocks in the spare area is 4410 blocks. Further, when the allocation of the spare area is set as shown in FIG. 15, the total number of blocks in the spare area is 4362 blocks. On the other hand, the number of defects that can be registered in the defect replacement list placed in the defect management area of the disk is limited to the maximum length of the list. The list is normally read out when the disk is loaded in the drive, and stored in a memory on the device. Therefore, the memory size on the device assumed to be generally used becomes the limit of the list length for defect replacement.

  As a commonly used value, if information per defect registration is 8 bytes and is represented on the list, up to 4096 defect replacement information can be registered at a time when a 32 Kbyte memory is used. I can do it. In the case where the number of blocks in the spare area is 4410 blocks or 4362 blocks, since the number of spare blocks is 4096 or more, which is the number of registered replacement information of this defect, it is possible to use the list for defect replacement without leaving a surplus. It is.

  Since more than 4096 spare blocks are prepared and distributed to each group, a group with many defects can preferentially use a spare area in its own group, and a group with few defects can be used in its own group. Use less spare space. For this reason, the probability of switching to a spare area across groups is reduced, and even when there are many defects, it is possible to minimize a decrease in average access performance.

  According to the optical discs and the like in the first to sixth embodiments described above, the following effects can be obtained.

  That is, position information indicating the position of the defect management area is recorded in the control data area provided in the reproducible area, and the defect management area in the recordable / reproducible area can be accessed by reading this information. Can record and reproduce the optical disk without knowing in advance information about the arrangement of the defect management area of the optical disk.

  In addition, when the format of an optical disc is changed or added, even an already manufactured device can handle the optical disc, so that the compatibility of the optical disc is greatly improved.

  In addition, since the position information indicating the position of the defect management area is recorded in the control data area provided in the reproducible area, and by reading this information, the defect management area in the recordable / reproducible area can be accessed. Can record and reproduce the optical disk without knowing in advance information about the arrangement of the defect management area of the optical disk.

  In addition, when the format of an optical disc is changed or added, even an already manufactured device can handle the optical disc, so that the compatibility of the optical disc is greatly improved. Furthermore, since it has not only the head position of the defect management area but also the number or size information, it is possible to cope with such a change of contents, and the interchangeable format change and additional width become much wider.

  In addition, since the head position of the control data area is always arranged at the same position regardless of the recordable capacity of the optical disc, the drive can be easily recorded / reproduced even on optical discs having different group structures and capacities. Enables realization of the device.

  In addition, since the defect management area includes information indicating the start address or size of the spare area, all information regarding the arrangement of the spare area can be obtained from the optical disc. It became possible to set to.

  In addition, the size of the spare area can be arbitrarily set at the time of initialization. Since this setting can be held on the optical disc, it can be changed by initialization. Further, since the size of the spare area can be changed according to the purpose of use, the user or application can determine the size of the spare area when formatting the disk. Furthermore, it is possible to construct a unique defect management method in which, for example, the size of the spare area is set to 0, that is, the user area is maximized, and defect management is performed only on slip processing without replacement processing, for example. Therefore, a flexible format can be constructed even in the future of various optical discs.

  In addition, the number of tracks or the number of sectors per track in a specific group is a linear function related to the group number, and the constant of the function is used as information that can specify the group structure, thereby specifying the zone configuration. In addition, the zone configuration can be specified with fewer parameters than when the number of groups in each zone is directly included in the table. Further, by keeping all the parameters that determine the zone configuration in the optical disc in a linear relationship, the firmware routine of the optical disc drive apparatus can be simplified.

  Further, the number of sectors in the spare area in a specific group is a linear or quadratic function related to the group number, and the constant of the function is used as information for specifying the group structure, so that the spare area in each group Specify the number of sectors. The group structure can be specified with fewer parameters than when the number of groups in each zone is directly included in the table. Further, by keeping all the parameters for determining the number of sectors in the spare area in the optical disc in a linear relationship, the firmware routine of the optical disc driving apparatus can be simplified.

  Further, the number of sectors in the spare area in a specific group is proportional to the number of sectors to which the group belongs, and the proportional coefficient is recorded in the area having the position information of the spare area for each group, thereby driving the optical disk. The zone configuration can be specified with fewer parameters than using a specific spare area size and position table in the device firmware.

  Further, even when the optical disk drive device drives an optical disk whose group structure of the disk is unknown, data can be recorded and reproduced by using the parameter of the spare area position information.

  Also, the ratio of the size of the spare area to the user area in the group including the sector having the logical address value 0 or the group including the logical address value 0 and the maximum logical address value is set as the spare area for the user area in other zones. By making it larger than the size ratio, the number of bad sectors due to defects and contamination of zones containing descriptors that are important in the logical format is increased, and the rate at which the read / write performance of descriptors decreases is reduced. Therefore, an optical disk resistant to defects can be obtained.

  In addition, by setting the number of sectors in the spare area within a specific group so that the ratio of the spare area size to the user area size increases in a zone containing a smaller logical address value, the user data A zone that includes a sector with a low logical address and that has a high probability of being recorded has a smaller rate at which the spare area is used up and cannot be read / written. At the same time, this group structure can be easily parameterized and recorded on an optical disk. it can.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the zone of the optical disk which is Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the zone of the optical disk which is Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the physical format information of the optical disk which is Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of DMA and DDS of the optical disk which is Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the processing flow when the optical disk drive device which is Embodiment 1 of this invention loads the disk. It is a figure which shows the structural example of DDS of the optical disk which is Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the magnitude | size of each zone of the optical disk which is Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the magnitude | size of each zone of the optical disk which is Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the parameter arrangement | positioning which shows the number of sectors of the reserve area | region of each zone of the optical disk which is Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the magnitude | size of each zone of the optical disk which is Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of DMA and the control data area | region of the optical disk which is Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of DMA and DDS of the optical disk which is Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the optical disk processing apparatus which is Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of each zone of the optical disk which is Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is a figure which shows another structural example of each zone of the optical disk which is Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is a figure which shows a structure of the data zone of the conventional optical disk. It is a figure which shows the arrangement position of DMA of the conventional optical disk. It is a figure which shows the arrangement position of DMA of another conventional optical disk. It is a figure which shows the magnitude | size of the reserve area | region of the conventional optical disk.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Optical disk, 2 Disc motor, 3 Optical head, 4 Information recording / reproducing means, 5 Group structure determination part, 6 Physical-logical address conversion part, 7 RAM, 8 Controller.

Claims (2)

A spare area that can be assigned to sector as a replacement for the defective sector comprises a control data area having information for controlling the record playback operation reproducible area, the defective sector in the recording reproducible area A defect management method for an optical disc including a plurality of defect management areas having information for controlling replacement processing, and including information indicating a start address or size of the spare area in the defect management area,
The defect management defective sectors alternating in a sector of the spare area of the optical disc based on the information of the defect management area, or by the file system without using the sector before Symbol spare area to manage the defect sector A defect management method for an optical disc, wherein the defect management is performed by switching any defect management. A spare area that can be assigned to sector as a replacement for the defective sector comprises a control data area having information for controlling the record playback operation reproducible area, the defective sector in the recording reproducible area An optical disk processing apparatus for performing defect management on an optical disk including a plurality of defect management areas having information for controlling replacement processing, and including information indicating the start address or size of the spare area in the defect management area,
The defect management defective sectors alternating in a sector of the spare area of the optical disc based on the information of the defect management area, or by the file system without using the sector before Symbol spare area to manage the defect sector An optical disk processing apparatus, wherein defect management is performed by switching any defect management.

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