JP3259856B2 - Pest control materials - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pest control material.

[0002]

[Prior Art] Termites, claw mites, etc.
When exterminating pests, it is common to use chemical insecticides.For example, when the purpose is to exterminate termites and mites, chemical insecticides with strong acute toxicity such as organophosphorus drugs and pyrethroid drugs are used. Widely used.

[0003]

By the way, this kind of chemical insecticide is to control pests by the medicinal effect of its chemical component, but the chemical component often has an adverse effect on humans and animals, Environmental pollution due to the application of highly toxic chemicals is also a concern.

[0004] Further, with the use of chemical insecticides, the insect pests gradually have insecticide resistance (resistance), and the chemical insecticide which was initially effective eventually stops exerting its effect as an insecticide. Things happen.

[0005] Against this background, the inventors of the present application have conducted intensive studies using various substances having low toxicity, and as a result, have found that calcium carbonate has a physical pest control effect as described below.

[0006] In such a pest control material using calcium carbonate, it is important that the calcium carbonate is in a powdery form in order to exert its pest control effect. Such calcium carbonate tends to adsorb water and tends to be clumped, and the clumped calcium carbonate has a reduced pest control effect.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pest control material that physically controls pests by using calcium carbonate, and to provide a stable pest control effect. Things.

[0008]

In order to achieve this object, an invention according to claim 1 is a pest-controlling material which is made of a solid and adheres to pests, wherein the solid has a particle size. Is characterized in that it contains powdery calcium carbonate smaller than the distance between the body hairs of the pest to be controlled and a substance having a hygroscopic property is added.

[0009]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the pest-controlling material contains a substance having a hygroscopic property in addition to the powdered calcium carbonate, the moisture such as moisture is a substance having a hygroscopic property. The powdered calcium carbonate is adsorbed on the surface, and it is reduced that the powdered calcium carbonate is aggregated, and the calcium carbonate can maintain the powdery state.

[0010] Therefore, calcium carbonate, which is powdery and whose particle size is smaller than the spacing between body hairs of the pest to be controlled,
It is easy to adhere to the pest without being hindered by the pest's body hair, whereby the pest control effect can be stably exhibited.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings by way of embodiments. First, the pest control effect of calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ) will be described.

According to the study of the present inventor, the physical pest control effect of calcium carbonate is considered to be caused by the following two mechanisms.

First, the first mechanism will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the body surface of a pest, wherein 1 is a pest, 2 is skin on the body surface of the pest, 3 is hair of the pest, and 41, 42, 43, and 44 are powdery. It is a pest control material composed of calcium carbonate.

The pest 1 takes oxygen into the body through the respiratory tract (not shown) or the skin 2, and discharges carbon dioxide gas out of the body directly through the skin 2.

A plurality of body hairs 3 are formed on the skin 2 for discharging carbon dioxide gas in this manner.

The body hairs 3 are formed at predetermined positions in accordance with the type of the pest 1, and the spacing between the body hairs 3 is also different. When standardized schematically, the arrangement of the hairs 3 on the skin 2 of the pest 1 is as shown in FIG. 1, and the spacing P between the hairs 3 is assumed to be uniform for simplification of the following description.

In addition, pest control materials 41, 42, 43, 44
Although there are naturally various shapes in reality, they are shown as circles in the drawings for simplicity of the following description of the mechanism, and each is different only in the particle size.

The skin 2 on which the body hair 3 is thus formed
The state of adhesion of the insect-controlling materials 41, 42, 43, 44 on the top is as follows.

That is, the pesticidal material 41 has a particle diameter D
₁ is slightly smaller than the spacing dimension P of the body hair 3, but is substantially the same.

Therefore, the pest control material 41 can reach the skin 2 of the pest 1 through the gap between the body hairs 3.

The insect-controlling material 41 that has reached the skin 2 of the pest 1 adheres to the skin 2 due to lipids, moisture, etc. on the skin 2.

As a result, the part of the skin 2 located below the insect-controlling material 41 is prevented from discharging carbon dioxide gas from the surface. In the case of a pest that takes in oxygen from the skin 2, the pest-controlling material 41 also prevents the uptake of oxygen from the skin 2 at the site.

[0024] Pest control material 42 is the particle size D ₂ is smaller than the pest control material 41, pest control material 43 is even more a particle size than the particle size D ₂ of the pest control material 42 is small.

The pest control materials 42 and 43, which have a smaller particle size than the pest control material 41, can reach the skin 2 of the pest 1 without being hindered by the body hair 3 as apparent from FIG. And the skin 2
It adheres to the top and hinders the pest 1 from discharging carbon dioxide.

The pest control material 44 is a comparative example in this example, and has a particle diameter D ₄ larger than the interval P between the body hairs 3. As is clear from FIG. 1, the pesticidal material 44 having such a particle size prevents any of the body hairs 3 from adhering to the pesticidal material. It is not possible to prevent the carbon dioxide gas discharging action or the like.

When the discharge of the carbon dioxide gas from the skin 2 at that part is prevented by the adhesion of the insect-controlling materials 41, 42, and 43, the respiratory action of the insect pest 1 generally depends on the area of the attached part. If the function deteriorates and the area of the portion exceeds the allowable range, respiratory failure will occur, and eventually the pest 1 will die.

Therefore, when exterminating pests using such an exterminator, it is extremely important to enlarge the area of the skin 2 to which the exterminants 41, 42, and 43 are attached, and the pests are exterminated. By appropriately selecting the particle size of the material in accordance with the pest, the purpose of pest control can be achieved through the enlargement of the attached area.

Next, the second mechanism will be described with reference to FIG. 2. This second mechanism is limited to the case where the pest to be controlled has an esophagus.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a cross section of the pest at the respiratory tract, where 1 is a pest having a respiratory tract, 2 is a body surface of the pest,
3 is the hair of the pest.

In the pest 1 having the respiratory tract, a trachea 5 extending from the body of the pest 1 opens to the body surface 2 and the respiratory tract 6
The trachea 5 and the respiratory tract 6 constitute a tracheal system 7 of the pest 1, and the tracheal system 7 functions as a passage for introducing oxygen that the pest 1 takes into the body into the body. Have

In the pest 1 having such an esophagus 6, the distance between the hairs 3 in the vicinity of the esophagus 6 is P,
Let W be the opening dimension (diameter) of.

Then, in FIG. 2, 81, 82, 8
Reference numerals 3 and 84 denote pest control materials made of powdered calcium carbonate, and these pest control materials 81, 82, 83,
Although 84 is actually of various shapes in reality, it is shown as a sphere in the drawings for simplification of the following mechanism, and it is assumed that each has only a different particle size.

In the vicinity of the phylum 6 of the pest 1, the behavior of the pest control materials 81, 82, 83, 84 differs depending on the particle size. In the following description, the pest control materials 81, 8 will be described.
2, 83 function as an active ingredient, and the pest control material 84 is positioned as a comparative example.

That is, the insect-controlling material 81 has a particle size D ₅
Are smaller than the interval dimension P of the body hair 3 and larger than the opening dimension W of the esophagus 6.

Therefore, the pest control material 81 reaches the body surface 2 of the pest 1 through the space between the body hairs 3 and can be located on the surface side of the respiratory tract 6. Then, the insect-controlling material 81 that has reached the body surface 2 of the insect pest 1 adheres to the body surface 2 due to lipids, moisture, and the like on the body surface 2, and the spiracle 6 is covered with the insect-controlling material 81. The obstruction is obstructed, and the uptake of oxygen from the respiratory tract 6 is inhibited.

The insect-controlling material 82 has a particle diameter D ₆ of the body hair 3
Are slightly smaller than the interval dimension P and the opening dimension W of the esophagus 6.

Therefore, the pest-controlling material 82 reaches the body surface 2 of the pest 1 in the same manner as the pest-controlling material 81, but can further enter the trachea 5 from the esophagus 6.

When the insect-controlling material 82 enters the trachea 5,
Since the ventilation area of the trachea 5 is greatly reduced, the uptake of oxygen by the pest 1 is impaired, and the invading pest control material 82 does not easily fall off the trachea 5, so that the pest 1 is finally depleted by prolonged oxygen deficiency. Will surely die.

In the pest control material 83 having a smaller particle size than the pest control material 82, the body hair 3 hardly hinders the pest control material 83 from reaching the body surface 2 of the pest 1. In addition, the phylum 6 is also a pest control material 8
Since the size is considerably larger than 3, the pest control material 83 can enter the trachea 5 with a relatively high probability.

The pesticidal material 83 that has entered the trachea 5 in this way is difficult to close the trachea 5 with the single particle only, as in the case of the pesticidal material 82, but is relatively high as described above. Since the insects enter the trachea 5 with a probability, a plurality of insect-controlling materials 83 adhere and accumulate, so that the ventilation cross-sectional area of the trachea 5 is reduced and the insect pest 1 is in an oxygen-deficient state.

The pest control material 84 is a comparative example in the case of the pest 1, and its particle diameter D ₇ is larger than the spacing dimension P of the body hair 3.

In such a case, the pest control material 84 is the body hair 3
Cannot reach the body surface 2 of the pest 1 due to
Function cannot be expected. But,
The interval dimension P of the body hair 3 and the opening dimension W of the esophagus 6 are:
Since different values are taken depending on the type of the pest, depending on the type of the pest, the pest control material 84 may be replaced by the pest control material 81 to 81 described above.
83 can act as the equivalent.

As described above, in the case described above, the insect-controlling materials 81, 82 and 83 adhere to the tracheal system 7 of the insect pest 1 and hinder the uptake of oxygen from the respiratory tract 6 of the insect pest 1.
Pest 1 dies due to lack of oxygen and achieves the purpose of pest control.

An advantage common to both of these first and second mechanisms is that, unlike conventional insecticides by chemical pesticides, highly acutely toxic chemical substances evaporate in the space where pests are to be controlled. Pests can be controlled without the need for chemicals, which can avoid the effects of chemical pesticides on humans and animals and environmental pollution, as well as the fact that the pests do not gradually become resistant and that the physical Due to the nature, it is possible to control pests for a long time.

Next, a demonstration test of the pest control mechanism will be described.

In this demonstration test, a paper was spread on a petri dish,
A pest control material made of powdered calcium carbonate is evenly spread on the paper, and 10 pests are put in a petri dish in this state, and the activity of the pests is observed with time.

The demonstration test described below uses a termite ant as a pest. In this case, the interval P between the body hairs is approximately 63 μm, and the opening size W of the esophagus is approximately 30 μm.

The calcium carbonate used as a pest control material is "Special Rice (S)" (trade name) manufactured by Maruo Calcium Co., Ltd., and has a particle size of 50 μm or less. As shown in FIG.

In this pest-controlling material, the total particle size is smaller than the interval P between the body hairs of the termite termites, and is an effective ingredient for the termite termites in the first mechanism. It corresponds to the extermination materials 42 and 43.

The total amount of the pesticidal material is an effective ingredient in the above-mentioned second mechanism. As is apparent from FIG. 3, more than 95% by weight% is the opening size of the esophagus. It is an active ingredient smaller than W of 30 μm and corresponding to the pest control materials 82 and 83 in the second mechanism.

The petri dish used in this demonstration test was:
It is 9 cm in diameter and 0.64 g (100 g / m
⁽ Corresponding to the state where the insect-controlling material was sprayed at a ratio of ² )).

The observation results are as follows.

One hour after the introduction of termites into a petri dish in which calcium carbonate as a pesticide was disposed, the ten termites had calcium carbonate as a pesticide adhered to the body surface. , And he was moving around.

Two hours after termite injection, nine animals died, and the other one only moved the antenna and legs.

3 hours after the termites were introduced, the remaining 1
The animals died, and all termites killed.

Then, microscopic observation of the dead termite revealed that the powdered pest control material had adhered to the skin on the body surface of the termite, including the esophagus.

Among the above observation results, in particular, that 9 termites died two hours after the termites were introduced, and that the dead termites, including the esophagus part, were powdered on the body surface. Considering that a large amount of the pesticidal material was attached to the termites, these termites inhibited the emission of carbon dioxide from the skin 2 by the first mechanism, or caused by the lack of oxygen by the second mechanism. It can be presumed to have died, and it is considered that the pest control mechanism was demonstrated.

As described above, the first and second mechanisms demonstrated by powdered calcium carbonate against termites as pests are based on the particle size of powdered calcium carbonate which is a pest-controlling material as described above. And the distance P between the body hairs 3 of the pest 1 to be controlled and the opening W of the esophagus 6, it can be used for various types of pests.

Examples of pests that can be controlled using the pest-controlling material of the present invention include, for example, other termites and house mites, such as the red mite, dust mite, acarid mite and cockroach, , Flies,
Fleas, lice, leaf beetles, beetles,
Nosyme moth, saw saw, beetle, weevil, azuki beetle, beetle beetle, beetle beetle, iga, chironomid,
Drosophilids, stink bugs, stink bugs, ticks, sand flies, squid moths, planthoppers, leafhoppers, paddy beetles, horned beetles, locust beetles, spider mites, spider mites, aphids, acer beetles, beetles, weevil weevil, pine beetle , Bark beetles, scarab beetles, petrels, and moss.

Among the above insect pests, house dust mites such as house dust mites and acarid mites do not have a respiratory tract and take up oxygen from the skin 2, so that the insect-controlling material of the present invention was used. In this case, the second mechanism does not work,
Calcium carbonate adhering to the skin by the first mechanism can inhibit not only the emission of carbon dioxide gas but also the uptake of oxygen, so that its extermination can be performed reliably.

When the above-mentioned pests different from the termites are targeted, as is clear from the first and second mechanisms, the pests are determined according to the interval P between the body hairs of the targeted pests and the like. Since the particle size of the active ingredient of the pesticide is determined, it is preferable to appropriately adjust the particle size distribution of the pesticide to be used. Hair spacing P
It is efficient to separate only those having a smaller particle size and use this as a pest control material.

For example, in the case where a house mite, the claw mite, is used as a pest to be controlled, the spacing between the hairs is approximately 30 μm.

When the above-mentioned insect-controlling material (having a particle size distribution shown in FIG. 3) composed of the above-mentioned calcium carbonate and used for termites is used as a target of the claw mite, approximately 95% by weight
Although a little more than 5% functions as an active ingredient that can reach the skin of the mites, the remaining 5% or less is equivalent to the pest control material 44 and does not function as a pest control material and is wasted.

The opening dimension W of the stomach stomach is generally about
Since the thickness is 1 μm, the content of the active ingredient that can function as the pest control materials 82 and 83 in the second mechanism is less than 10% by weight%.

Accordingly, in this case, the particle size distribution of the insect-controlling material used is adjusted to one having a large number of fine particles, and those having a particle size larger than the spacing dimension P of the hair 3 of the insect pest, that is, 30 μm are excluded. In other words, the pest control material used is less wasted and the probability of the pest control material adhering to the skin of the tick mites is increased, so that the pest control effect becomes more remarkable.

Calcium carbonate which is used to control pests by such a mechanism is necessarily required to be in the form of powder having a small particle size. Such powdery calcium carbonate is physically hygroscopic. In addition, powdery calcium carbonate tends to form a lump by absorbing moisture.

It is apparent that the first and second mechanisms do not function effectively in the case of calcium carbonate in the form of lumps.

Therefore, in the present application, a substance having hygroscopicity is added to the pest control material containing calcium carbonate to stably secure the functions of the first and second mechanisms by calcium carbonate. And

The term "hygroscopicity" as used in the present invention is a broad concept including humidity control, and may be not only a substance having hygroscopicity, but also a substance such as silica gel or silicic anhydride.

The substance having such hygroscopicity may be added as a block or pellet to a pest-controlling material containing powdered calcium carbonate. It is preferable to add the mixture with calcium carbonate. This is because the moisture absorption of the powdery calcium carbonate, which is the active ingredient, can be uniformly reduced as a whole.

Next, from this viewpoint, an example in which powdery silica gel is added as a substance having a hygroscopic property to the calcium carbonate and added thereto will be described.

The silica gel used in this example was obtained by pulverizing "Fuji Home Gel G" (trade name) manufactured by Fuji Devison Chemical Co., Ltd. into a powdery form, and its particle size distribution was as shown in FIG. It is.

The pesticidal composition of the first embodiment comprises 90% of the above calcium carbonate and 10% of the above silica gel by weight, respectively.
It is a mixture weighed and mixed.

The test for confirming the pest control effect of the pest control material comprising such a mixture was carried out in the same manner as in the above-mentioned verification test, except that only the pest control material used was changed.

The observation results are as follows.

After 1 hour from the introduction of termites into a petri dish in which the mixture as a pest control material has been placed,
Of the 10 termites injected, one died and the remaining 9
The animal had fluttering antennas and legs.

Two hours after the termite injection, nine termites had died, and the other one had its legs fluttering.

Three hours after the termites were injected, nine animals died, and the other one fluttered its antennae and legs.

Four hours after the termites were introduced, 10 animals died and the confirmation test was completed.

Microscopic observation of dead termites confirmed that powdered insect-controlling material had adhered to the skin including the esophagus on the body surface of the termites.

The control effect of this pest control material is the last
Since one animal is considered to be a unique example, the control effect is the same as that of the above-described pest control material using only calcium carbonate.

Therefore, in the first embodiment,
It is considered that termites were killed by the first and second mechanisms according to the simple insecticide for calcium carbonate.

The pest control material of the second embodiment is a mixture obtained by weighing and mixing 50% of the above calcium carbonate and 50% of the above silica gel by weight.

The test for confirming the insect-controlling effect of the insect-controlling material of the second embodiment was carried out in the same manner as described above.

The observation results are as follows.

One hour after the introduction of termites into a petri dish in which the mixture as a pest control material has been placed,
Of the 10 termites injected, nine died and the other had fluttering legs.

Two hours after the introduction of the termites, ten termites died, and the confirmation test was terminated.

Microscopic observation of dead termites confirmed that powdery insect-controlling materials had adhered to the skin including the esophagus on the body surface of the termites.

The exterminating effect of this insect-controlling material is stronger than that of the above-described calcium carbonate-only insect-controlling material, and the dehydration phenomenon caused by the contact of termites with silica gel is accompanied by the first and second mechanisms. It can be inferred that it has occurred.

In these first and second examples, it is recognized that each of the first and second examples has a pest control effect as is clear from the results of the confirmation test.

[0092] Since the powdered silica gel is added to the pest control materials of these examples as a substance having hygroscopicity as described above, during the storage of the pest control material or after the application of the pest control material, Silica gel is mixed with calcium carbonate, powder calcium carbonate as an active ingredient is reduced from being clumped by moisture, and the pest control effect by the first or second mechanism can be stably maintained. it can.

Although the embodiment described above is a mixture composed of two kinds of powdered calcium carbonate as an active ingredient and silica gel as a hygroscopic substance, the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, another substance may be added thereto to form a pest control material, and a weakly effective drug such as boric acid may be supplementarily added in some cases.

[0094]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in addition to the powdery calcium carbonate, a substance having a hygroscopic property is added to the pest-controlling material. Is absorbed by a substance having a hygroscopic property, so that the powdered calcium carbonate is less likely to be agglomerated, and the calcium carbonate can maintain a powdery state.

Therefore, calcium carbonate, which is powdery and whose particle size is smaller than the spacing between hairs of the pest to be controlled,
The pests can easily adhere to the pests without being hindered by the hair of the pests, whereby the pest control effect can be stably exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a first mechanism relating to pest control by calcium carbonate.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a second mechanism relating to pest control by calcium carbonate.

FIG. 3 is a particle size distribution diagram of calcium carbonate.

FIG. 4 is a particle size distribution diagram of silica gel.

[Explanation of symbols]

P (of body hair) spacing dimension 1 Pest 3 Body hair 41, 42, 43, 81, 82, 83 Pest control material (calcium carbonate)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-63-250308 (JP, A) JP-A-1-261217 (JP, A) JP-A-2-169506 (JP, A) JP-A 52- 54031 (JP, A) JP-A-5-201818 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01N 25/12 A01N 59/06

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A pest control material comprising a solid substance and adhered to a pest, wherein the solid substance contains powdery calcium carbonate having a particle size smaller than a distance between body hairs of the pest to be controlled. And a substance that absorbs moisture (however,
Pest control material characterized by the addition of zeolites) . 2. The pest control material according to claim 1, wherein the substance having a hygroscopic property is added in a powder form. 3. The insect pest-controlling material according to claim 1, wherein silica gel is used as the hygroscopic substance. 4. The pest control material according to claim 1, wherein silicic anhydride is used as the hygroscopic substance.