JP2640533B2 - Porous fish feed and its production method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a cultured fish such as yellowtail, yellowtail, flounder, trevally, tuna, salmon, trout, eel, etc., and porous fish which can be suitably used as bait for yellowtail. The present invention relates to a feed and a production method thereof.

[Related Art] In recent years, cultivated fisheries in Japan have become increasingly important. However, in the sea-farming of fish such as hamachi and Thailand, raw or frozen fish such as sardines and mackerel, which are high catch fish, are minced, cut, and fed in a round shape, the elution of water-soluble nutrients into seawater may occur. There is a drawback that there are many or varieties in water and the predation rate of fish is low.
In particular, hamachi and yellowtail did not feed on solid fish feed (dry pellets), which has been widely used in other fish species, and thus the above-mentioned raw feed feeding form has been adopted for many years. Research on solid feed has not progressed, and the vicious cycle of environmental deterioration, increased mortality, and deterioration of management is likely to occur.

Therefore, at present, fish meal, flour, soybean oil cake, gluten meal,
Composed of raw materials such as rice bran and other vitamins and minerals, as well as binding agents such as sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and guar gum, and minced raw or frozen fish. Moist pellets obtained by mixing and granulating moist pellets are becoming popular. The moist pellets have a good palatability because they are soft and contain at least 30 to 40% of water, and the fish farming grows to feed on raw food. However, it requires a large amount of capital investment in manufacturing equipment for moist pellets,
There are a number of problems, including variations in quality and increased feeding.

Under such circumstances, a porous solid fish feed using only a compound feed that is stable in quality has recently appeared on the market.
This porous feed is mainly composed of fish meal, soybean oil cake, corn gluten meal, starch (starch, flour, etc.), rice bran, etc., which are usually used in fish feed compound feed, and after adding vitamins and minerals. It is a feed that is molded by pressing and extruding with an extruder (pressurizing and heating extruder), and feed for hamachi has also appeared. In particular, hamachi does not like dry hard solid compound feed and does not feed it as it is, so when using these porous fish feeds, sponge the feed with water or water and oil. They need to be fed. Therefore, there is a problem that it takes time to prepare water and work, and that automatic feeding is difficult. Also, in terms of nutrition, water-soluble vitamins may flow out into the water, and the growth of fish is inferior to conventional feeds, and is not practical and is not widely used.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide a solid compound feed capable of eating seawater fish such as yellowtail and yellowtail that do not like dry solid compound feed and improving the growth of these fish.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient method for producing the above solid feed.

[Means for solving the problem]

The present invention is based on the finding that the above problem can be solved by using a solid feed in a porous form in which the crude fat content in the feed is increased, the hardness is low, and the bulk specific gravity is in a specific range. In doing so, it was made based on the knowledge that adding solid fats and oils in two portions would produce an efficient and excellent solid feed.

That is, the present invention is, crude fat content is 13 to 35 wt%, hardness of at 0.5~4.0kg / cm ^2, and a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 to 0.
A porous fish feed is provided, wherein the feed is in the range of 65. The present invention also provides a method for producing the above-described porous fish feed, wherein the fat and oil are added to the raw material of the fish feed, water is added thereto, and the mixture is heated and kneaded by an extruder for pressurizing and heating, and then dried and impregnated with the fat. Provide a way.

The porous high-lipid fish feed of the present invention can use almost the same raw materials as conventional porous fish feed, fish meal,
Proteins such as soybean oil cake, corn gluten meal,
Starch (starch, flour, etc.), vitamins,
Contains minerals, especially 13-35% by weight of crude fat
(Hereinafter abbreviated as%). That is, when crude fat is contained in such an amount, an excellent effect in promoting growth is obtained. The amount of crude fat is preferably 18-30%, more preferably 20-
30%, most preferably 23-30%. The crude fat contains animal fats and vegetable fats and oils in addition to fats derived from raw materials such as fish meal. The fats and oils preferably contain ω3 fatty acids of highly unsaturated fatty acids, and have a melting point of -20 to
It is preferable to use one at 50 ° C.

The feed component of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above requirements, but usually contains 1 to 5% of crude protein 35 to 55%, crude fat 13 to 35%, carbohydrates 5 to 30%, inorganic substances, vitamins and the like,
Those having a water content of 10% or less are preferred. The above carbohydrate is preferably contained in the form of pregelatinized starch.

The feed of the present invention has, in addition to the above characteristics, a hardness of 0.5 to 4.0.
It is characterized by being soft as kg / cm ² and in a porous form having a bulk specific gravity in the range of 0.35 to 0.65. That is, the hardness is 0.5
~4.0kg / cm ^2, preferably by 0.7~3.0kg / cm ^2, more preferably from 1.0~2.5kg / cm ^2, solid conventional that soft feed dipped in water before feeding to the fish The problems with feed can be eliminated and can be fed directly to fish. Also, the bulk specific gravity is 0.40 to 0.65, preferably 0.
By having a porosity of 5 to 0.65, more preferably 0.55 to 0.65, an efficient feeding can be achieved using an automatic feeding system.

The hardness and the bulk specific gravity can be adjusted to desired ranges by adjusting raw materials to be used and production conditions.

The porous feed of the present invention, the protein, carbohydrate,
Crude fat containing vitamins, etc. 2-9%, preferably 3
1 to 6%, preferably 3 to 5% of animal or vegetable oil or fat in a raw material having a water content of 5 to 14%, in the presence of heat for pressurized water (or steam). At
It is preferable that the starch is manufactured by a method in which starch is pregelatinized into a porous solid by heating and pressing and extruding into a porous solid and then dried. Here, it is preferable to add 10 to 24% of water as the amount of water. If fats and oils are added at the time of compounding the raw materials as described above, the raw materials may slip during the pressurization process and pressurization may be insufficient. Therefore, it is preferable to perform pressure extrusion using a twin-screw extruder.

Using a twin-screw extruder reduces frictional heat and reduces
Pressurized heating and kneading are possible at medium to low temperatures such as 100100 ° C., and deterioration due to heating and oxidation of raw materials can be suppressed. In the above method, by extruding the pressurized and heated raw material into the air, water evaporates and expands under substantially reduced pressure,
Immediately after that, if the moisture content is dried to a predetermined value, a porous body having a desired hardness can be produced.

In the method using the twin-screw extruder, the blended raw material is supplied to a feeder, and then the water content is increased to 20 to 38% by steam or hot water in a cooker section.
It is good to adopt a method of pressurizing, heating and kneading in a screw press section and discharging the air from a die into the air.

After drying the porous body thus obtained to a water content of 12%, preferably 5 to 12%, animal fats or vegetable fats and oils and mixtures thereof are sprayed or sprayed at room temperature or in a heated state. By post-adding by spraying or the like, it is possible to produce a high fat fish feed that actively feeds and grows yellowtail and yellowtail. Approximately 6% added after fat
About 25%, the components of fish feed are 13% to 35% crude fat,
The total energy of the feed is adjusted to 4500 kcal / kg to 6100 kcal / kg, preferably 18 to 30% of crude fat, and 4900 kcal / kg to 5900 kcal / kg. Since the feed of the present invention is porous, the feed can be absorbed very efficiently.

The porous feed of the present invention can have any shape and size, but by changing the shape of a die or the like, a spherical shape having a diameter of about 0.5 to 50 mm or a diameter of about 0.5 to 50 mm and a length of about 0.5 to 100 mm
mm.

〔The invention's effect〕

The porous high-lipid fish feed of the present invention has a high nutritional value and is actively eaten even in yellowtail, which was conventionally supposed not to feed on dry solid feed, and shows growth that is not inferior to that of conventional raw feed-based rearing. Was.

Therefore, the feed of the present invention can be widely used as a feed for cultivating many other fish as well as yellowtail and yellowtail.

In addition, by adjusting the bulk specific gravity, float feed (bulk specific gravity of about 0.35 to about 0.52) and sedimentable feed (about 0.52 to about 0.52) can be used.
65).

Next, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

〔Example〕

Example 1 The following ingredients: Fish flour 72% Soybean oil cake 4% Flour 13% Potato starch 6% Vitamin / mineral 2% Fish oil 3% (moisture content 10%, crude fat content 11%) in a mixer After sufficient mixing, add 17% water with a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Clectral Corporation) and heat at 80 ° C.
After being molded under pressure at ℃ 100 ° C., it was dried to a moisture content of less than 10%.

After that, spray 14% feed oil (fish oil) and feed a porous high-lipid fish feed with a crude fat of about 25% (diameter 10 mm, length 12
mm cylindrical pellet, hardness 2.3, bulk specific gravity 0.52).
The hardness was measured using a Kiya type hardness tester and the diameter of the pressurized surface was 5 mm.
The numerical value kg in the state of being pressed and crushed with a circular circular plane (plunger) of φ was calculated as the crushing hardness per 1 cm ² by calculating the area from the diameter of the pellet (the same applies hereinafter).

Using this porous feed, hamachi was cultured for 60 days. On the other hand, raw feed and commercially available mixed feed for hamachi 8:
A similar test was performed using moist pellets mixed and granulated at a ratio of 2. The results are shown below.

As is clear from the above results, the feed of the present invention can be used without adding water, and a result superior to the conventional live feed-based culture was obtained. Further, the feed of the present invention did not leave any food left behind, and the utilization was equal to or higher than that of the moist pellets.

When the feed of the present invention was given to flatfish other than hamachi and cultured, excellent growth rates and high utilization rates were obtained.

Example 2 Using the following ingredients: fish flour 60% squid meal 16% flour 6% potato starch 8% corn starch 4% vitamins and minerals 2% soybean oil 4% (moisture content 10%, crude fat content 10%) Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, the water content was 15%,
It was pressed at a heating temperature of 80 to 95 ° C. and dried to a moisture content of 8%.

After that, spray 20% of fats and oils (melting point 0 ° C) to give a porous high lipid feed with a crude fat content of 30% (hardness 2.0 to bulk specific gravity 0.5).
5) got.

This feed had excellent performance equivalent to that of Example 1.

Example 3 The following ingredients: fish flour 50% krill powder 20% soybean oil cake 5% flour 7% potato starch 5% wheat gluten 6% vitamins and minerals 2% feed oil (fish oil) 3% soybean oil 2% ( Using a water content of 9% and a crude fat content of 9%), the same apparatus as in Example 1 was used to carry out press molding at a water content of 16% and a heating temperature of 80 to 90 ° C., and dried to a water content of 9%.

After that, spray 20% of fats and oils (melting point 0 ° C) to give a porous high lipid feed with a crude fat content of 29% (hardness 2.3 to bulk specific gravity 0.3).
5) got.

The feed was floatable and gave excellent growth and utilization when fed to Hamachi.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A porous fish feed with a crude fat content of 13 to 35% by weight, a hardness of 0.5 to 4.0 kg / cm ² and a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 to 0.65. 2. The porous material according to claim 1, wherein after adding fats and oils to the raw material of the fish culture feed, water is added, and the mixture is heated and kneaded with a pressurizing and heating extruder, then dried and then impregnated with the fats and oils. Production method of fish feed.