JP2022514693A - Muc18に特異的な抗体 - Google Patents
Muc18に特異的な抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022514693A JP2022514693A JP2021536072A JP2021536072A JP2022514693A JP 2022514693 A JP2022514693 A JP 2022514693A JP 2021536072 A JP2021536072 A JP 2021536072A JP 2021536072 A JP2021536072 A JP 2021536072A JP 2022514693 A JP2022514693 A JP 2022514693A
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- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
- C07K16/3076—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells against structure-related tumour-associated moieties
- C07K16/3092—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells against structure-related tumour-associated moieties against tumour-associated mucins
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Abstract
Description
CD146または黒色腫細胞接着分子(MCAM)としても知られているMUC18は、主に細胞接着において機能する膜貫通当タンパク質である。それは、血管平滑筋を含む、血管組織内の内皮細胞において検出可能なレベルで発現される。注目すべきことに、MUC18は、ヒト悪性黒色腫において、具体的には、転移性病変および進行性原発腫瘍において、過剰発現される。それは、したがって、がんの処置および診断の両方における使用のための、抗MUC18抗体などの有効なMUC18アンタゴニストを開発するのに非常に重要である。
本開示は、少なくとも一部が、MUC18に特異的な数多の抗体の開発に基づいている。かかる抗体は、標的MUC18抗原に対する高い結合親和性および/またはMUC18+細胞に対する高い阻害活性を示した。
本明細書に開示されるのは、数多の抗MUC18抗体であり、これらは、標的MUC18抗原への高い結合親和性および/またはMUC18+細胞に対する高い阻害活性を包含する、優れた特色を示した。
本開示は、MUC18を結合する抗体を提供し、これは、CD146または黒色腫細胞接着分子(MCAM)としても公知である。ヒトにおいて、MUC18は、MCAM遺伝子(NCBI遺伝子ID:4162)によってコードされている。MUC18は、ヒト悪性黒色腫において、具体的には、転移性病変および進行性原発腫瘍において、過剰発現される。その細胞の接着機能性から生じて、MUC18は、黒色腫細胞と血管系の細胞要素との間の接触点として作用し得る。この接触は、黒色腫病変および腫瘍の脈管構造への浸透、および、炎症の間の白血球の血管外移動を可能にする。MUC18は、加えて、FYNおよびPTK2/FAK1のチロシンリン酸化の引き金を引くと考えられている。さらに、黒色腫患者における上昇したMUC18発現レベルはまた、予後および生存不良のマーカーであると実証されてきた。よって、この受容体は、標的がんの処置および診断のための標的および/またはバイオマーカーとして機能し得る。
[Bound] = [Free]/(Kd+[Free])
本明細書に記載のとおりのMUC18を結合することができる抗体は、当該技術分野において知られている任意の方法によって作成され得る。例えば、Harlow and Lane, (1998) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New Yorkを参照のこと。
いくつかの例において、抗MUC18抗体は、以下に例示されるような組換え技術によって調製される。
本開示はまた、本明細書に記載の抗MUC18抗体のいずれかを含む、抗体-薬物抱合体を提供し、これは、治療剤に共有結合している。用語「抗体-薬物抱合体」または「ADC」は、本明細書で使用される場合、本明細書に記載の抗MUC18抗体および治療剤が共有結合的に連結されている抱合体を指す。一般に、この抗体-薬物抱合体は、抗MUC18抗体、治療剤、および任意に抗体と治療剤との間のリンカーを包含し得る。ADCは、治療剤をMUC18+細胞に送達することによって治療効果を増加させ得、これは、抗体、とりわけ、MUC18+がん細胞によって標的化される。抗体-薬物抱合体は、当該技術分野において知られている、抗体-薬物抱合体を調製する様々な方法によって調製され得る。
本開示はまた、MUC18を標的にするキメラ抗原受容体およびこれを発現する免疫細胞を特色とする。本明細書に開示のとおりのキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)は、これを発現する免疫細胞(例として、T細胞)の結合特異性を、上皮由来がん細胞などのMUC18+細胞に再指向させ、それにより、例として、免疫細胞のエフェクター活性を介して、標的疾患細胞を除去する、人工細胞表面受容体である。CAR構築物はしばしば、少なくとも1つの細胞内シグナリングドメインに融合された、細胞外抗原結合ドメインを含む。Cartellieri et al., J Biomed Biotechnol 2010:956304, 2010。単鎖抗体フラグメント(scFv)であり得る細胞外抗原結合ドメインは、MUC18抗原に特異的であり、および、細胞内シグナリングドメインは、免疫細胞の活性化に繋がる細胞シグナリングを媒介し得る。そのため、MUC18に特異的なCAR構築物を発現する免疫細胞は、MUC18を発現する疾患細胞(例として、腫瘍細胞)に結合し、免疫細胞の活性化および疾患細胞の除去に繋がり得る。
本明細書に記載のとおりの、抗MUC18抗体、これをコードする核酸または核酸セット、これを含むベクター、またはベクターを含む宿主細胞、ならびに、抗MUC18抗体を含むADCおよび/またはMUC18標的CARを発現する免疫細胞は、薬学的に許容し得る担体(賦形剤)と混合されて、標的疾患の処置における使用のための医薬組成物を形成することができる。「許容し得る」は、担体が組成物の活性成分と適合性でなければならず(および好ましくは、活性成分を安定化することができる)および処置される対象に有害ではないことを意味する。緩衝液を包含する薬学的に許容し得る賦形剤(担体)は、当該技術分野において周知である。例として、Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 20th Ed。(2000) Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Ed. K. E. Hooverを参照のこと。
吸入またはガス注入のための医薬組成物は、薬学的に許容し得る、水性のまたは有機溶媒中の溶液および懸濁液、またはそれらの混合物および粉末を包含する。液体または固体組成物は、上に示されるような、好適な薬学的に許容し得る賦形剤を含有し得る。いくつかの態様において、組成物は、局部または全身効果のために、経口または経鼻呼吸ルートによって投与される。
本明細書に記載のとおりの、抗MUC18抗体、これをコードする核酸または核酸セット、これを含むベクター、抗MUC18抗体を含むADC、およびMUC18標的CARを発現する免疫細胞(例として、T細胞またはNK細胞)は、MUC18+がん細胞などのMUC18+疾患細胞を阻害および/または除去するのに有用であり、それにより、MUC18+疾患細胞に関連する疾患または障害の処置に利益となる。
本明細書に記載の抗MUC18抗体のいずれかは、試料中のMUC18+細胞の存在またはレベルを検出するために使用され得る。かかる診断アッセイは、インビトロまたはインビボで実施され得る。
本開示はまた、MUC18+疾患を阻害および/または除去し、したがって、かかる疾患細胞に関連する疾患/障害を軽減することにおける使用のためのキットを提供する。かかるキットは、抗MUC18抗体、これを含むADC、または、MUC18標的CARポリペプチドを発現する免疫細胞、例として、本明細書に記載のもののいずれか、を含む、1以上の容器を包含し得る。
代替的にまたは加えて、キットは、抗MUC18抗体に結合することができる二次抗体を含み得る。キットはさらに、MUC18+を検出するための抗MUC18抗体を使用するための指示書を含む。
本開示の実践は、他に指し示されない限り、分子生物学(組換え技法を包含する)、微生物学、細胞生物学、生化学、および免疫学の従来の技法を使用し、これらは、当業者の範囲内である。かかる技法は、Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, second edition (Sambrook, et al., 1989) Cold Spring Harbor Press; Oligonucleotide Synthesis (M. J. Gait, ed. 1984);Methods in Molecular Biology, Humana Press;Cell Biology: A Laboratory Notebook (J. E. Cellis, ed., 1989) Academic Press;Animal Cell Culture (R. I. Rreshney, ed, 1987);Introuction to Cell and Tissue Culture (J. P. Mather and P. E. Roberts, 1998) Plenum Press;Cell and Tissue Culture: Laboratory Procedures (A. Doyle, J. B. Griffiths, and D. G. Newell, eds. 1993-8) J. Wiley and Sons;Methods in Enzymology (Academic Press、Inc.);Handbook of Experimental Immunology (D. M. Weir and C. C. Blackwell, eds.): Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells (J. M. Miller and M. P. Calos, eds., 1987);Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel, et al. eds. 1987);PCR: The Polymerase Chain Reaction, (Mullis, et al., eds. 1994);Current Protocols in Immunology (J. E. Coligan et al., eds., 1991);Short Protocols in Molecular Biology (Wiley and Sons, 1999);Immunobiology (C. A. Janeway and P. Travers, 1997);Antibodies (P. Finch, 1997);Antibodies: a practice approach (D. Catty., ed., IRL Press, 1988-1989);Monoclonal antibodies: a practical approach (P. Shepherd and C. Dean, eds., Oxford University Press, 2000);Using antibodies: a laboratory manual (E. Harlow and D. Lane (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1999);The Antibodies (M. Zanetti and J. D. Capra, eds. Harwood Academic Publishers, 1995);DNA Cloning: A practical Approach, Volumes I and II (D.N. Glover ed. 1985);Nucleic Acid Hybridization (B.D. Hames & S.J. Higgins eds.(1985≫;Transcription and translation (B.D. Hames & S.J. Higgins, eds. (1984≫;Animal Cell Culture (R.I. Freshney, ed. (1986≫;Immobilized Cells and Enzymes (lRL Press, (1986≫;and B. Perbal, A practical Guide To Molecular Cloning (1984);F.M. Ausubel et al.(eds.)などの文献において十分に説明されている。
例1:抗MUC18抗体の生成
試薬および一般的な方法
ハイブリドーマ細胞培養培地(PFHM-II Protein-Free Hybridoma Medium;#12040077)をThermo Fisherより購入した。
RNAを、標準的なプロトコルおよびThermo FisherからのTRIzol試薬(#15596018)を使用して単離した。結果として生じるcDNA分子を、TakaraからのcDNA合成キット(PrimeScript II 1st strand cDNA synthesis kit;#6210A)を使用して生成した。抗体V領域増幅は、TakaraからのプレミックスTaq(#RR901A)を使用して実施した。標準的なPCRプライマーセット(Ig-Primer Sets #TB326)を、Novagenから得た。遺伝子を、標準的な技法を使用して、EcoRI、HindIII、SalI、およびT4リガーゼ(全てNEBから)の使用を包含し、pET28a(Novagen;#69864)にクローニングした。QIAEX IIゲル抽出キット(QIAgen #20021)を利用して、全てではないが、いくつかのオリゴヌクレオチド分子を精製した。
A375、SK-Mel-2、GAK、HMVII、およびSK-OV-3細胞培養物を、37℃で5%CO2の雰囲気で、独立した単層培養物としてインビトロで維持した。これらの腫瘍細胞は、随時、規則的に継代培養した。
CL070325は、免疫付与方法論を使用して生成した。手短に言えば、Balc/cマウスを、組換えMUC18タンパク質(ACRO BioSystemsから購入;アミノ酸残基24~559)の筋肉内注射を用いて、6回免疫付与した。
個々のハイブリドーマクローンを、10mLハイブリドーマ細胞培養培地(PFHM-II無タンパク質ハイブリドーマ培地)を含むT25フラスコ中で培養した。細胞を、80%コンフルエントまで、37℃で培養した。培養培地を、次いで除去し、および細胞を、1xPBSで2度洗浄した。TRIzol試薬(1mL vol.)をフラスコに直接添加し、および、細胞を、ピペット混合により溶解した。細胞ライセートを、次いで、T25フラスコから回収し、および全RNAを、標準的な方法を使用して単離した。RNA濃度を、続いて、Nanodrop 2000(Thermo Fisher)を用いて測定した。標準的なcDNAを、次いで、Takara PrimeScript II 1st strand cDNA合成キットプロトコルに従って、単離されたRNAから生成した。結果として生じるcDNAのハイブリドーマV領域の増幅は、NovagenユーザープロトコルTB326に従って実施した。以下の表3に示されるような、プライマー対を、増幅のために使用した:
CL07032を、ELISA滴定実験を使用する、抗原結合アッセイにおいて試験した。抗体を、変化する濃度の組換えMUC18タンパク質(rタンパク質)とともにインキュベートした。CL070325は、1.56nM結合親和性でMUC18を結合した。
ヒト化CL070325抗MUC18抗体(VHおよびVL)を、CD8ヒンジ領域、CD8膜貫通領域、補助刺激分子4-1BBの細胞内ドメイン、およびCD3ζの細胞内ドメインを有するフレームのキメラ抗原レセプターベクターに挿入した。このベクターはさらに、EF1αプロモーターを含む。抗MUC18 CAR+をコードする核酸は、239T細胞へのレンチウイルスパッケージングを使用してトランスフェクトした。ヒトCD3+T細胞を、次いで、抗MUC18 CAR+T細胞を産生するために、レンチウイルスで、活性化および形質導入した。上に記載のとおりの抗MUC18 CAR+T細胞の産生後、各CAR構築物についての形質導入効率を、FACSを使用して決定した(図1)。ヒト化CL070325 CARを形質導入されたT細胞集団は、>65%CAR+細胞を構成した。
A375異種移植モデル
マウスは、皮下にA375黒色腫細胞を注射した。A375細胞の注射後、4日目(平均腫瘍サイズ~100mm3)および8日目に、マウスは、皮下にCD3 T細胞(対照)またはヒト化CL070325 CAR+T細胞を、6x106細胞/マウスの濃度で注射した。CAR+T細胞集団は、~50% CAR+細胞を含んでいた。腫瘍体積は、処置の開始の日から1週間に2回測定した。
マウスは、皮下に、GAK黒色腫細胞を注射した。GAK細胞の注射後、4日目(平均腫瘍サイズ~150mm3)および8日目に、マウスは、皮下にCD3 T細胞(対照)またはヒト化CL070325CAR+T細胞を、6x106細胞/マウスの濃度で注射した。CAR+T細胞集団は、~50%CAR+細胞を含んでいた。腫瘍体積は、処置の開始の日から、1週あたり3回測定した。
抗MUC18 CAR+T細胞集団で処置したマウスは、対照T細胞で処置したマウスと比べて、腫瘍成長の低減を有した(図5B)。驚くべきことに、抗MUC18 CAR+T細胞は、実験の21日までずっと、GAK黒色腫腫瘍における持続性低減を誘導した。
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Claims (34)
- CL070325である参照抗体と同じヒトMUC18のエピトープに結合する、ヒトMUC18に結合する単離された抗体。
- (a)重鎖相補性決定領域1(HC CDR1)、重鎖相補性決定領域2(HC CDR2)、および重鎖相補性決定領域3(HC CDR3)を含む重鎖可変領域(VH)、および
(b)軽鎖CDR1(LC CDR1)、軽鎖CDR2(LC CDR2)、および軽鎖CDR3(LC CDR3)を含む軽鎖可変領域(VL)、
を含み、
ここで、HC CDR1、HC CDR2、およびHC CDR3は、集合的に、参照抗体のHC CDR1、HC CDR2、およびHC CDR3と少なくとも85%同一であり、および/または、LC CDR1、LC CDR2、およびLC CDR3は、集合的に、参照抗体のLC CDR1、LC CDR2、およびLC CDR3と少なくとも85%同一である、請求項1または2に記載の単離された抗体。 - VHは、参照抗体と同じHC CDR1、HC CDR2、およびHC CDR3を含み、および/または、VLは、参照抗体と同じLC CDR1、LC CDR2、およびLC CDR3を含む、請求項2に記載の単離された抗体。
- VHは、参照抗体のHC CDR1、HC CDR2、およびHC CDR3と比べて、5個までのアミノ酸残基バリエーションを集合的に含有する、HC CDR1、HC CDR2、およびHC CDR3を含み、および/または、VLは、参照抗体のLC CDR1、LC CDR2、およびLC CDRと比べて、5個までのアミノ酸残基バリエーションを集合的に含有する、LC CDR1、LC CDR2、およびLC CDR3を含む、請求項2に記載の単離された抗体。
- VHは、参照抗体のVHと少なくとも少なくとも85%同一であり、および/または、VLは、参照抗体のVLと少なくとも85%同一である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体。
- 参照抗体と同じVHおよび/または参照抗体と同じVLを含む、請求項5に記載の単離された抗体。
- ヒトMUC18に特異的に結合する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- ヒトMUC18および非ヒトMUC18と交差反応する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- 非ヒトMUC18は、霊長類MUC18である、請求項8に記載の抗体。
- 抗体は、完全長抗体またはその抗原結合性フラグメントである、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- IgG分子である、請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- ヒト抗体、ヒト化抗体、またはキメラ抗体である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- 配列番号1に示すVHおよび/または配列番号2に示すVLを含む、請求項12に記載の抗体。
- 単鎖抗体である、請求項1~9または12~13のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の抗MUC18抗体を集合的にコードする核酸または一組の核酸。
- 請求項15に記載の核酸を含むベクターまたは一組のベクター。
- 発現ベクターである、請求項16に記載のベクターまたは一組のベクター。
- 請求項16または17に記載のベクターまたは一組のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- (i)MUC18に結合する抗原結合性フラグメントを含む細胞外ドメイン、
(ii)膜貫通ドメイン、および
(iii)1以上の細胞内シグナリングドメイン
を含む、キメラ抗原受容体。 - 抗原結合性フラグメントは、単一鎖抗体フラグメント(scFv)である、請求項19に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- scFvは、請求項14で表される、請求項20に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 膜貫通ドメインは、CD28またはCD8受容体に由来する膜貫ドメインを含む、請求項19~21のいずれか一項に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- (iii)はCD3ζからのシグナリングドメインを含む、請求項19~22のいずれか一項に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- (iii)は、同時刺激性シグナリングドメインを含む、請求項19~23のいずれか一項に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 同時刺激性シグナリングドメインは、4-1BB、CD7、CD27、CD28、CD40、OX40、ICOS、GITR、HVEM、TIM1、またはLFA-1受容体からである、請求項24に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 請求項19~25のいずれか一項に記載のキメラ抗原受容体をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、核酸。
- 請求項26に記載の核酸を含むベクター。
- 請求項19~27のいずれか一項に記載のキメラ受容体を発現する宿主細胞。
- 免疫細胞である、請求項28に記載の宿主細胞。
- 免疫細胞はT細胞である、請求項29に記載の宿主細胞。
- (i)請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の抗体、請求項15~17または26~27のいずれか一項に記載の核酸または一組の核酸、または請求項18または28~30のいずれか一項に記載の宿主細胞;および(ii)薬学的に許容し得る担体を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項31に記載の医薬組成物の有効量を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、MUC18+細胞の数を低減する方法。
- 対象は、がんを有するか、または有すると疑われる、請求項32に記載の方法。
- MUC18+細胞の存在を検出する方法であって、
i.MUC18+細胞を有すると疑われる試料を、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の抗体と接触させること、ここで、抗体は標識剤と抱合されている、および、
ii.抗体の試料中の細胞への結合に基づいて、試料中のMUC18+細胞の存在を検出すること
を含む、前記方法。
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