JP2013208003A - Permanent magnet type rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine that improves demagnetization resistance of a segment magnet forming a permanent magnet-made magnetic pole due to armature reaction and overcurrent.SOLUTION: A permanent magnet type rotary electric machine including a stator having many teeth and a rotor having a permanent magnet-made segment magnet is configured to have many segment magnets arrayed in a circumferential direction with nonmagnetic gaps interposed therebetween, and a circumferentially directional corner portion of each segment magnet on a side opposed to a field magnetic gap is formed in a curved surface shape gradually increasing in opposition interval between a rotary cylindrical surface drawn by tips of the teeth 3 and a corner portion 9a of a segment magnet 9 toward an adjacent segment magnet 9.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which a rotor magnetic pole is formed of a permanent magnet.

  This type of rotating electric machine, for example, a permanent magnet type brushless motor (hereinafter simply referred to as a permanent magnet type motor), includes a stator having teeth with armature windings, an arrangement circumferential surface of the teeth, and a field gap. And a rotor in which a large number of opposed permanent magnet magnetic poles are arranged in the circumferential direction. Permanent magnet magnetic poles include plastic magnets formed by mixing magnetic powder into plastic powder and sintered magnets formed by sintering magnetic powder.

  A rotor magnetic pole made of a plastic magnet is formed as a continuous ring-shaped molded body and is stored in a disk-shaped rotor frame as it is. On the other hand, in a rotor magnetic pole made of a sintered magnet, when individual magnets, that is, segment magnets, are molded and sintered as a single continuous ring, a portion whose radial thickness changes, that is, between each segment magnet, is cooled. It is inevitable that cracking occurs due to shrinkage stress.

  Therefore, although the plastic magnet rotor is more advantageous in terms of formability and assemblability, the output per unit volume of the magnet is significantly lower than that of the sintered magnet rotor. A plastic magnet is a mixture of a non-magnetic plastic powder (binder) and magnetic powder, whereas a sintered magnet is composed of only magnetic powder, so that the output per unit volume is large. In this kind of permanent magnet type motor, small size, high output and low noise are strongly desired regardless of whether it is used for home appliances, information communication equipment, office equipment, etc. I am addicted. In terms of small size and high output, the sintered magnet type motor is superior to the plastic magnet type, and the latter is considerably cheaper in terms of price. A configuration for reducing the noise of a permanent magnet type motor using a plastic magnet is disclosed in Patent Document 1. The main purpose of the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 is to improve the sinusoidal approximation of the induced electromotive force, and as a result, to prevent output reduction due to harmonic components and reduce noise. The magnetic pole face opposite to the stator teeth is a convex curved surface having a maximum protruding dimension at the pole center, and the radial thickness at both ends in the circumferential direction is 85 to 88% of the pole center thickness. ing.

JP 2003-319585 A

  Although not disclosed in Patent Document 1, if the permanent magnet is a sintered magnet in order to obtain a small size and high output, the rotor magnetic poles are individually bonded to the disk-shaped frame as described above. Unlike the case of plastic magnets that are integrally molded in the form of a ring from the beginning, this portion is not used because nonmagnetic support members such as adhesive are interposed between the circumferential directions of the segment magnets that are arranged. It becomes a magnetic gap. Or even when a support member is not required, a space is inevitably generated. The inventors have determined that this unavoidably generated magnetic air gap has a significant adverse effect on motor characteristics over time.

  Embodiments of the present invention provide a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine that can suppress motor characteristics, particularly a decrease in induced electromotive force with time and a waveform with time, as much as possible by improving demagnetization resistance of a segment magnet forming a rotor magnetic pole. The purpose is to provide.

    In order to achieve this object, a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine includes a stator having teeth around which a stator winding is wound, and a magnetic gap between the teeth so as to face each other via a field gap. A rotary electric machine comprising a rotor having a segment magnet made of sintered permanent magnets arranged in a circumferential direction via a pole, wherein each segment magnet has a high magnetic flux density at the center of the circle. The cylindrical surface on which the tip of the teeth draws the shape of the circumferential corner portion on the side facing each of the field gaps of each segment magnet has a convergence anisotropy that gradually decreases as it goes to both ends in the circumferential direction. It is formed in a curved surface shape that gradually expands as the facing distance to the corner portion advances in the direction of the adjacent segment magnet.

Sectional drawing which expands and shows the principal part of the permanent magnet type motor of the 1st Embodiment of this invention A perspective view showing a stator of the motor Perspective view of rotor of same motor Explanatory drawing of the curved shape of the corner part of the segment magnet of the motor Diagram showing the relationship between the shape of the segment magnet, demagnetization rate, and induced voltage change rate FIG. 4 equivalent view of the second embodiment FIG. 4 equivalent view of the third embodiment Fig. 1 equivalent view of a conventional motor

  Hereinafter, a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine, for example, a permanent magnet type motor according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The stator 1 includes a stator core 4 made of a laminated steel plate having a large number of teeth 3 wound around an armature winding 2 in a radial circular arrangement, and is attached to an attachment target device such as a motor support frame of a washing machine. A mounting portion 5 is provided. The rotor 6 includes a disk-shaped rotor frame 7 also serving as an iron rotor yoke, and a number of segment magnets 9 arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the annular portion 8 of the rotor frame 7.

  The flat plate portion of the rotor frame 7 has an opening 10 for supporting a rotating shaft at the center thereof, and a ventilation hole 11 around the opening 10. The ratio of the number of rotor magnetic poles by the segment magnet 9 and the number of slots by the tooth 3 is set to 4 to 3, which is 48 poles and 36 teeth in this embodiment. The segment magnets 9 are formed by sintering magnetic powder, for example, ferrite powder, so as to be independent of each segment, and arranged in a circumferential direction on the inner surface of the annular portion 8 of the rotor frame 7. Individually attached by gluing.

  In this attachment, it is impossible to form adjacent magnets in an array with no gaps like plastic permanent magnets formed in a ring shape. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Inevitably, a gap 12 (not shown in FIG. 3) is generated. The reason is that the sintered magnet undergoes a process of solidifying powder, firing and cooling, but since the shrinkage rate in the cooling is large, the variation in the finished dimensions also increases. If this variation is large, there is a possibility that there will be no gap for inserting the last one when arranging the 48 segment magnets 9 in the annular portion 8 of the rotor frame 7. To avoid this, the circumference of the annular portion 8 is increased. A margin is given, and the margin dimension is assigned as a uniform gap 12 between the segment magnets.

  Thereby, the above gaps 12 inevitably occur between the segment magnets. This gap 12 is a space but may be magnetically equivalent to a magnetic gap. Therefore, in this embodiment, a nonmagnetic spacer is interposed with an adhesive to reinforce the support force of the segment magnet 9.

  The segment magnet 9 has a magnetic anisotropy (focusing anisotropy) that has the highest number of magnetic fluxes at the center of the magnetic pole and decreases as it goes to both ends in the circumferential direction. That is, the axis of easy magnetization has a characteristic that it is oriented in the radial direction in the pole center region and is inclined as it is away from the pole center. On the premise of such magnetic anisotropy, the shape of the circumferential corner portion 9a on the surface of the segment magnet 9 facing the tip of the tooth 3 via the field gap is as shown in FIG. A smooth curved surface with no squared corners. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the facing distance L <b> 1 between the cylindrical surface 3 a drawn by the tip of the tooth 3 and the corner portion 9 a of the segment magnet 9 gradually increases as the segment magnet 9 is adjacent. In particular, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the surface of the segment magnet 9 on the field gap side is a flat surface 9b, and the curved surface shape of the corner portion 9a is a point 9d tangent to a straight line 9c passing through the flat surface 9b. A circular arc shape is drawn to draw a circle 9e. In FIG. 4, the corner portion 9a is an arc that coincides with a quarter circle of the circle 9e. However, the circumferential end surface of the segment magnet 9 has a shape cut by less than a quarter circle as indicated by an imaginary line 9f. May be.

  This permanent magnet type brushless motor having the configuration of the above-described embodiment can be expected to have the following effects. In the operating state of the motor, the armature reaction due to the magnetic flux from the armature winding 2 cannot be completely avoided. Therefore, a reverse magnetic field due to the armature reaction acts on the segment magnet 9 and the magnet 9 exerts a demagnetizing action. receive. This demagnetization action becomes significant at a large current under an abnormal load. This will be explained by the conventional configuration shown in FIG. 8. A part of the magnetic flux φ1 generated from the teeth (b) by energization of the armature winding reverses the gap between the two segment magnets (a) adjacent in the circumferential direction. Reflux (reverse magnetic field) passing in the direction (opposite to the magnetic flux φ2 from the segment magnet (a)) should be unavoidable.

  The magnetic flux returning in the opposite direction concentrates and passes through the corner (c) of the segment magnet having a smaller magnetic resistance than the gap between the two segment magnets, and the corner (c) has an angular shape with a short magnetic path length. If the shape is too high, the concentration increases further, and this part is strongly demagnetized. This is because the thinner the magnet, the easier it is to demagnetize by a reverse magnetic field. In this embodiment, as a result of making the shape of the circumferential corner portion 9a of the segment magnet 9 into a curved surface shape, the interval L1 between the corner portion 9a and the rotating surface 3a of the tooth 3 is the central region of the segment magnet 9, that is, flat. As it advances in the circumferential direction as compared with the surface 9b portion, it gradually expands, and the magnetic resistance increases accordingly.

  As a result, concentrated magnetic flux passing through the corner portion 9a is alleviated and the magnet layer with respect to the reverse magnetic field has a relatively thick shape. Further, when this embodiment inevitably has a non-magnetic gap between adjacent magnets as in the motor of the invention, if the corner part of the segment magnet remains at a right angle as shown in FIG. A reverse magnetic flux is received from the adjacent different-polar magnet 9 through the gap (d), and the demagnetizing action is always received even when the operation is stopped. In this embodiment, since the corner portion 9a has a curved surface, the magnetic path length between adjacent magnets is increased, so that such demagnetization action can be avoided.

  Further, when the corner portion 9a of the segment magnet 9 is demagnetized over time, the sine wave distribution of the initial magnetic flux density set over the entire area of the magnet also changes over time, and the waveform distortion of the electromotive force increases. At the same time, the induced electromotive force is also reduced, so that the control accuracy is reduced in torque control and speed control using the magnitude of the electromotive force as data. In contrast, in this embodiment, since the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor are maintained as expected over a long period of time by improving the anti-magnetism resistance, the change in strain of the induced voltage waveform over time, and hence the decrease in output over time, Can be expected to prevent noise increase. Furthermore, since the electromotive force can be prevented from decreasing with time, the desired control accuracy and good motor characteristics can be maintained over a long period of time without changing the control constant of the motor. In particular, in the configuration in which the number of segment magnets 9 is as large as 48, as in the motor of this embodiment, the demagnetization of each segment magnet has an extremely large influence, so that the usefulness of this embodiment is extremely high. There is something expensive.

  FIG. 5 shows a part of the test data leading to the realization of this embodiment. FIG. 5A shows the shape of the segment magnet 9 of the rotor, which is a test material. FIG. 5B shows the change in the magnet demagnetization factor α with respect to the change in the thickness ratio Z of the segment magnet 9. The change rate β of the induced voltage is shown in FIG. Here, when the average thickness in the radial direction of the main part other than both ends in the circumferential direction of the magnet is Y and the thickness of the tip surface of the corner portion 9a at both ends is X (X ≦ Y), X / Y Is referred to as the thickness ratio Z. When the start point of the curved surface of the corner portion 9a is P1, and the end point of the curved surface is P2, the thickness X is the dimension from the segment magnet 9 attachment surface (the surface not facing the teeth 3) to the end point P2.

  The test is performed by changing the shape of the corner portion 9a of the segment magnet 9 without changing the position of the starting point P1 of the curved surface (changing the P2 position) (therefore, the radius of curvature of the corner portion 9a changes) For each shape (each thickness ratio Z), the demagnetization factor α and the change rate β of the induced voltage were measured. This measurement was performed for four stages of thickness ratios of 100%, 88%, 78%, and 73%, and FIGS. 5B and 5C were created. Here, the demagnetization factor α and the change rate β of the induced voltage are values obtained by dividing each value when X is changed with respect to Y by the amount of demagnetization and the induced voltage when X = Y.

  According to FIG. 5B, the demagnetization factor α decreases as the value of the thickness ratio Z decreases, that is, as the shape of the corner portion 9a approaches from a rectangle (Z = 100%) to a circle. An improvement in demagnetization is observed. Further, according to FIG. 5C, it is recognized that the induced electromotive force decreases as the thickness ratio Z decreases. This is due to the general characteristic that the induced electromotive force increases as the volume of the magnet increases. To do. 5 (B) and 5 (C), it is recognized that as the thickness ratio Z of the corner portion 9a of the segment magnet 9 becomes smaller, the resistance to demagnetization increases while the induced electromotive force decreases. In consideration of the characteristics, the shape of the corner portion 9a does not exceed 90% in terms of the thickness ratio Z, preferably 80% or less, and 70% or more can be evaluated as practical.

  In this embodiment, since the ratio of the number of segment magnets, which is the number of rotor magnetic poles, to the number of stator slots by the teeth is set to 4 to 3, the demagnetizing action received by the corner portion 9 of the segment magnet 9 is reduced. . This means that the thickness (diameter dimension) of the segment magnet 3 can be reduced. On the other hand, when the ratio is 2 to 3, the electrical angle width of the segment magnet 9a is larger than that of the teeth 3, and the reverse magnetic field is concentrated on one segment magnet 9a, so that the demagnetization resistance decreases.

  As shown in FIG. 6 as the second embodiment, the shape of the surface of the segment magnet 9 facing the teeth 3 is a convex curved surface in FIG. The shape which makes 9g may be sufficient. In this case, the radius of curvature of the convex curved surface 9g in the central area is set to a value larger than the radius of curvature of the corner portion 9a, and the boundary between the corner portion 9a and the convex curved surface 9g is formed as a continuous curved surface.

  As shown in FIG. 7 as the third embodiment, the shape of the surface of the segment magnet 9 that faces the teeth 3 may be a shape between the corner portions 9a, that is, the central area forms a concave curved surface 9h. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the concave curved surface 9g in the central area is larger than the radius of curvature of the corner portion 9a, and the boundary between the corner portion 9a and the concave curved surface 9h is formed as a continuous curved surface as described above. To do.

  In addition, although embodiment of this invention was described, this embodiment is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented by being modified to various other forms for improving the demagnetization resistance, and various omissions, replacements, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Can do. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

In the drawings, 1 is a stator, 2 is an armature winding, 3 is a tooth, 4 is a stator core, 6 is a rotor, 7 is a rotor frame, 9 is a segment magnet, 9a is a corner portion, and 9b is a flat surface. 9g is a convex curved surface, 9h is a concave curved surface, and 12 is a non-magnetic gap.

Claims (5)

  A stator having teeth around which a stator winding is wound, and a pole-to-segment relationship arranged in a circumferential direction so as to be opposed to the teeth via a magnetic field gap and between each other via a magnetic gap A rotary electric machine comprising a rotor having segment magnets made of sintered permanent magnets, wherein each of the segment magnets has a magnetic property that the magnetic flux density is high at the pole center and gradually decreases toward both ends in the circumferential direction, Further, as the distance between the cylindrical surface drawn by the tip of the tooth and the corner portion of the segment magnet, the shape of the circumferential corner portion of the segment magnet on the side facing the field air gap gradually advances to the adjacent segment magnet. A permanent magnet type rotating electric machine characterized by being formed into an expanding curved surface shape.   The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic anisotropy of each segment magnet is a focusing anisotropy.   The surface of the segment magnet facing the teeth is a flat surface, and the curved surface shape of the corner portion is an arc surface tangent to a straight line passing through the flat surface. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine described.   The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotor has an iron rotor yoke having an annular portion, and the segment magnets are arranged in the annular portion.   The curved surface shape of the corner portion of the segment magnet has P1 as the starting point on the side facing the teeth of the curved surface and P2 as the ending point, and the dimensions from the surface not facing the teeth of the segment magnet to P1 and P2. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when Y and X are respectively set, 70%? X / Y? 80%.

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