JP2009544276A - 水素の大量生産方法 - Google Patents
水素の大量生産方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P3/00—Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
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- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/36—Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
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- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/26—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pH
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Abstract
Description
CO2、SOxおよびNOxの発生をもたらす化石燃料の過度の燃焼は、地球温暖化および酸性雨の主要原因の1つであり、これらは地球の気候、気象、植物および水中生態系に影響を与え始めてきた。水素は最も安いエネルギー源であり、その唯一の燃焼産物として水を生じる。水素はバイオマスおよび水のような再生可能原料から生産されうる。したがって、水素は化石燃料の潜在的なクリーンエネルギー代替物である。燃料として水素の“グリーン”な性質にもかかわらず、それはスチームリフォーミングを経て天然ガスおよび石油ベース炭化水素のような非再生可能源からなお主に生産され、わずか4%が電気分解を用いて水から生成されているにすぎない。しかしながら、これらのプロセスは高度にエネルギー集約的であり、常に環境的にやさしいわけではない。これらの見通しから考えて、生物学的水素生産は代替エネルギー源として特に重要と思われる。
本発明はまた、上記方法を実施するためのリアクターを提供することをその目的とする。
VFA=揮発性脂肪酸
a)嫌気性条件下栄養培地で微生物を培養し、荷電電極を含む発酵槽中25〜40℃範囲の温度で36〜72時間発酵を進行させ、そして
b)電荷を電極へ印加してプロトンを電極へ選択的に引き寄せることにより、発酵に際して生じるプロトンを捕捉して水素分子を生じさせ、それを発酵に際して微生物により生じる水素とともに収集すること
を含んでなる方法を提供する。
本発明のさらに他の態様によれば、栄養培地は糖および発酵性有機酸(fermentable organic acids)を含んでなる群から選択される。
本発明のさらに他の態様によれば、糖はヘキソース、ペントースを含んでなる群より選択される。
a)発酵容器(vessel for fermentation)、
b)少なくとも1つの電極であって、印加されたとき、望ましい荷電粒子を選択的に捕捉するように適合してなる電極、
c)ガス収集口(outlet to collect gas)、および
d)所望により、生じた水素を保管するための手段
を含んでなる。
さらに、本発明の他の態様によれば、電極は所望によりガス透過性膜で封入されてなる。
培地組成
本発明において用いられる培養物の成長およびバイオマス生成のために用いられる培地は、下記成分を有している。
ビーフエキス : 45g/L
ペプトン : 20g/L
デキストロース: 2g/L
NaCl : 5g/L
結晶HCl : 0.5g/L
蒸留水 : 1000mL
プロテアーゼペプトン: 5g/L
KH2PO4 : 2g/L
酵母エキス : 0.5g/L
MgSO4・7H2O: 0.5g/L
L‐シスチンHCl : 1g/L
デキストロース : 10g/L
蒸留水 : 1000mL
必要な栄養素と共に20g/Lグルコースを含有し、クロストリジウム種の純粋培養物を接種された滅菌培地1Lを、2L発酵槽中30℃の恒温で嫌気性発酵に付した。必要な栄養素と共に20g/Lグルコースを含有し、受理番号Clostridium sp.ATCC824およびClostridium cellulovoron BSMZ3052のクロストリジウム種の純粋培養物を接種された滅菌培地1Lを、2L電気生化学リアクター(図1)中30℃の恒温で嫌気性発酵に付した。印加された陰極電位は2.0〜4Vであり、一方電流密度は0.3〜3.0mAであった。全発酵時間は48時間であり、生じた全ガスを液体移送技術に基づき従来のガス収集システムで集めた。parapak Q SSカラムでガスクロマトグラフィー(電子捕捉検出器)を用いて、水素含有率についてガスを分析した。
1.様々な基質の嫌気性消化に際して生じるプロトンの捕捉および発酵ブロスにおける過剰酸度を防ぐ約7.0でのpHの維持のため、従来の嫌気性発酵プロセスと比較して向上した水素生産。
2.発酵ブロスから生じるプロトンの捕捉はこのため、アルカリの付加なしでpHを維持することに役立ち、しかも反応速度の増加につながる。
3.約10−3atmの低水素圧で維持された電気生化学リアクターは、様々な基質の嫌気性発酵および嫌気性消化の際のプロトン捕捉を介して、水素生産の向上に用いられる。
4.微生物の混合共同体の使用はプロセスを操作しやすくさせ、純粋発酵微生物と比較して基質の滅菌の必要性がない。
Claims (6)
- 従属栄養発酵プロセスにおける水素の大量生産方法であって、
a.嫌気性条件下栄養培地で微生物を培養し、荷電電極を含む発酵槽中25〜40℃の範囲の温度で36〜72時間発酵を進行させ、そして
b.電荷を前記電極へ印加してプロトンを前記電極へ選択的に引き寄せることにより、発酵に際して生じるプロトンを捕捉して水素分子を生じさせ、それを発酵に際し前記微生物により生じる水素とともに収集すること
を含んでなる、方法。 - 前記工程(a)において、温度が37℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記栄養培地が、糖および発酵性有機酸を含んでなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記糖が、ヘキソース、ペントースを含んでなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 従属栄養発酵プロセスに用いられるバイオリアクターであって、
a)発酵容器、
b)少なくとも1つの電極であって、印加されたとき、望ましい荷電粒子を選択的に捕捉するように適合してなる電極、
c)ガス収集口(outlet to collect the gas)、および
d)所望により、生じた水素を保管するための手段
を含んでなる、バイオリアクター。 - 発酵槽における生化学反応に際して生じる過剰の荷電粒子を発酵槽から捕捉する方法であって、
発酵槽へ少なくとも1つの電極を導入し、該電極へ電荷を印加して望ましい荷電粒子を前記電極へ選択的に引き寄せてそれを捕捉することにより前記荷電粒子を捕捉すること
を含んでなる、方法。
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IN1127MU2006 | 2006-02-13 | ||
PCT/IB2007/000327 WO2007093877A2 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2007-02-13 | Process for over-production of hydrogen |
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US (1) | US20090325255A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1989287A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2009544276A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080108990A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101384696B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007216223B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0706993A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2642247A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007093877A2 (ja) |
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MY159196A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2016-12-30 | Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd | Alcohol production process |
CN104245944B (zh) * | 2012-02-17 | 2018-08-24 | 格林菲尔德专业醇类公司 | 用于从有机材料电辅助制氢的方法和系统 |
BR112016001701A2 (pt) | 2013-07-26 | 2017-09-19 | Greenfield Specialty Alcohols Inc | Método para a fermentação de acetona-butanol-etanol de material orgânico; e; sistema para produção de hidrogênio, metano, ácidos graxos voláteis e álcoois a partir de material orgânico |
CN104003519B (zh) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-04-13 | 杭州拓瑞博科技有限公司 | 一种用含氮废水制取氮营养盐的方法 |
KR20200038952A (ko) * | 2017-01-03 | 2020-04-14 | 씨-너지 피티와이 엘티디 | 수소 제조 |
CN108531383B (zh) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-03-15 | 国网浙江宁波市鄞州区供电有限公司 | 一种微生物制氢设备 |
Citations (7)
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US4053395A (en) * | 1974-08-22 | 1977-10-11 | Alpha Systems Corporation | Method for producing methane gas by processing waste materials |
JPH08191683A (ja) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-07-30 | Ebara Corp | 微生物による水素生産方法及び装置 |
JP2002280045A (ja) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-09-27 | Kajima Corp | 燃料電池組込み型水素発酵バイオリアクター |
US20030205458A1 (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 2003-11-06 | Sukomal Roychowdhury | Process for production of hydrogen from anaerobically decomposed organic materials |
WO2005005981A2 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-20 | Stichting Wetsus Centre For Sustainable Water Technology | Bio-electrochemical process for producing hydrogen |
JP2005110543A (ja) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-28 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 水素発生装置および水素発生方法 |
WO2006010149A2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-26 | The Penn State Research Foundation | A bio-electrochemically assisted microbial reactor that generates hydrogen gas and methods of generating hydrogen gas |
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US4480035A (en) * | 1980-06-09 | 1984-10-30 | Sukomal Roychowdhury | Production of hydrogen |
US5417817A (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1995-05-23 | Dammann; Wilbur A. | Biomass gasification process and apparatus |
US6074769A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 2000-06-13 | Hannelore Binsmaier Nee Gallin-Ast | Method of generating electric energy from regenerative biomass |
DE102004061455A1 (de) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-07-06 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Fermentation eines Substrats und entsprechende Vorrichtung |
CA2673116A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-26 | University Of Maryland | Process for rapid anaerobic digestion of biomass using microbes and the production of biofuels therefrom |
-
2007
- 2007-02-13 CA CA002642247A patent/CA2642247A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-13 CN CN2007800053736A patent/CN101384696B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-13 AU AU2007216223A patent/AU2007216223B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-02-13 KR KR1020087022496A patent/KR20080108990A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-02-13 JP JP2008554867A patent/JP2009544276A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2007-02-13 WO PCT/IB2007/000327 patent/WO2007093877A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-02-13 EP EP07733882A patent/EP1989287A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-02-13 US US12/279,232 patent/US20090325255A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-13 BR BRPI0706993-6A patent/BRPI0706993A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
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US4053395A (en) * | 1974-08-22 | 1977-10-11 | Alpha Systems Corporation | Method for producing methane gas by processing waste materials |
JPH08191683A (ja) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-07-30 | Ebara Corp | 微生物による水素生産方法及び装置 |
US20030205458A1 (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 2003-11-06 | Sukomal Roychowdhury | Process for production of hydrogen from anaerobically decomposed organic materials |
JP2002280045A (ja) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-09-27 | Kajima Corp | 燃料電池組込み型水素発酵バイオリアクター |
WO2005005981A2 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-20 | Stichting Wetsus Centre For Sustainable Water Technology | Bio-electrochemical process for producing hydrogen |
JP2005110543A (ja) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-28 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 水素発生装置および水素発生方法 |
WO2006010149A2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-26 | The Penn State Research Foundation | A bio-electrochemically assisted microbial reactor that generates hydrogen gas and methods of generating hydrogen gas |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20080108990A (ko) | 2008-12-16 |
CN101384696B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
CN101384696A (zh) | 2009-03-11 |
US20090325255A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
WO2007093877A3 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
CA2642247A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
WO2007093877A2 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
EP1989287A2 (en) | 2008-11-12 |
BRPI0706993A2 (pt) | 2012-06-12 |
AU2007216223A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
AU2007216223B2 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
WO2007093877A8 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
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