JP2009254974A - Pneumatic membrane structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pneumatic membrane structure having a large-scale closed arable space into which moist air is supplied from a water source unsuitable for irrigation and fresh water necessary for vegetation is supplied. <P>SOLUTION: The pneumatic membrane structure 1 comprises a dome 2, a blower 7, a water evaporator 4 and a water condenser 5. Further the pneumatic membrane structure 1 comprises a means of passing air for supporting a film, sent from the blower through the water evaporator to obtain moist air with increased moisture content, and a means of passing a flow of the moist air through the water condenser and recovering moisture from the air as fresh water to send air with a larger moisture content than outside air into an inside space of the pneumatic membrane structure. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an air film structure having an improved internal environment, and more particularly, to an air film structure capable of supplying fresh water and humid air to an internal space using a water resource unsuitable for irrigation in an arid region. .

    Water is a must for all living creatures. Water supply is the key to the development of life, agriculture and industry. However, since water is an excellent solvent, it also serves as a receptacle for undesirable contaminants. Pumping up groundwater for agriculture causes soil degradation, silt reduction, depletion, and salt damage.

    Land irrigation, especially desert irrigation, will result in desert greening and significantly improve the agricultural productivity of the land. However, irrigation technology in desert areas is very limited. In the first place, there is little water. Distributing fresh water from a distant location is usually not effective due to material and system cost constraints, and there is a loss due to evaporation during transport. Water that has once penetrated into the ground by irrigation is evaporated from the bottom by capillarity due to active evaporation from the ground surface. At this time, the salt dissolved in water in the ground is precipitated with evaporation on the ground surface, causing a phenomenon that the salt accumulates on the ground surface, and transforms into soil that is not suitable for vegetation, thereby causing so-called salt damage. In addition, since groundwater in arid areas usually contains trace amounts of salt, the land will eventually suffer salt damage when used for irrigation. Thus, unless there is a sufficient amount of good quality water to wash away from the irrigated soil, the irrigated land will eventually be unusable as a suitable soil environment for vegetation.

  The idea of a structure (Large Climate Moderating Envelope, LCME) that encloses a closed space and calms the internal climate has been published in the 1960s (Non-Patent Document 1). An economic evaluation (1983) of the construction of large-scale LCMEs such as a fabric air dome (1971) and a Jeddah Airport terminal (425,000 m2) that spans 2 km in diameter, or the production of LCME in the Arizona desert as agricultural land was announced. Has been. All of these suggested only vegetation and energy conservation by calming the climate inside the space, but not to supply water.

A plant growth apparatus that is a distillation method using air as a medium, generates cold air together with fresh water by combining a water evaporator and a water condenser, and supplies water and cold air to a greenhouse is disclosed in a patent (patent) Reference 1)
Proceedings of ISES 1983 Solar World Congress, (1983) vol.1 1217-1221 JP-A-4-156990

  An object of the present invention is to provide a means for supplying moist air from a water resource unsuitable for irrigation and supplying fresh water necessary for vegetation in an air membrane structure having a large space.

This invention is invention of any one of the following.
[1] An air membrane structure having a dome, a blower, a water evaporator and a water condenser, wherein the moisture for increasing the moisture content is obtained by passing the film-supporting air fed by the blower through the water evaporator An air membrane structure having a means for making air, and means for passing a flow of air through a water condenser and collecting water from the air as fresh water, wherein the moisture content of the air for supporting the membrane is higher than that of the outside air.
[2] An air membrane structure having a dome, a blower, a water evaporator and a water condenser, wherein the air for supporting the membrane fed by the blower is sequentially passed through the water evaporator and the water condenser, and the water evaporator Air having a moisture content increased in the air, means for recovering moisture from the air as fresh water in the water condenser, and means for sending the air containing the remaining moisture into the interior space of the dome Membrane structure.
[3] In the water evaporator, the membrane supporting air fed by the blower is brought into direct contact with the raw water to increase the water content and discharge the used raw water out of the system. 2. The air membrane structure according to 2.
[4] The water evaporator in which the outside air passage is formed through the heat exchange plate coupled to the high-temperature circulating fluid passage so as to be capable of exchanging heat is thermally connected to the refrigerant condenser of the heat pump using the high-temperature circulating fluid as a heat medium, Raw water is flowed down to wet the surface of the heat exchange plate in the outside air passage of the water evaporator to convert the outside air into moist air, and the humid air passes through the heat exchange plate connected to the low-temperature circulating fluid passage so as to be able to exchange heat. The water condenser in which the passage is formed is thermally connected to a refrigerant evaporator of a heat pump using a low-temperature circulating liquid as a heat medium, and condenses water from wet air and recovers it as fresh water. The air membrane structure described.
[5] The raw air is made to flow and come into contact with the surface of a water evaporator in which an outside air passage is formed as a refrigerant condenser of a heat pump connected to the refrigerant discharge pipe, thereby converting the outside air into moist air and sucking the refrigerant. The air according to claim 1 or 2, wherein water is condensed from the humid air and collected as fresh water on a surface of a water condenser in which a humid air passage is formed as a refrigerant evaporator of a heat pump connected to a pipe. Membrane structure.
[6] When heating raw water or circulating raw water supplied to the water evaporator by a heater provided in an intermediate part of the raw water circulation path, the heater is a refrigerant condenser of a heat pump. An air membrane structure according to the above.
[7] When heating raw water or circulating raw water supplied to the water evaporator by a heater provided in an intermediate portion of the raw water circulation path, the heater is thermally connected to the refrigerant condenser of the heat pump via the high-temperature circulating liquid. The air film structure according to claim 1, wherein the air film structure is provided.
[8] The air film structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least a surface on the outside air passage side of the heat exchange plate of the water evaporator is hydrophilic.
[9] The air film structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a side wall of the dome of the air film structure is formed of a film material constituting the dome.
[10] The air film structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the film of the air film structure is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride resin, polyester, or fluororesin.
[11] An irrigation method using the air membrane structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the collected fresh water is used for irrigation of soil inside the air membrane structure. Irrigation method.
[12] An irrigation method using the air membrane structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the inner space of the air membrane structure is used for plant growth.
[13] A dome having an internal space in which plants can be grown;
Power generation facilities that generate solar or wind power;
A heat pump powered by electrical energy generated by the power generation facility;
A water source facility that collects raw water from a water source containing salt;
It consists of air containing water by evaporating and condensing water with a heat pump and a blower / fresh water device that produces fresh water.
Air containing water generated by the blower / fresh water device is used as support air for the dome of the air membrane structure, and fresh water produced by the blower / fresh water device is used for irrigation of the internal space of the air film structure. Irrigation system used.

    The invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is completely independent for preparing fresh water by using air blowing for generating pressurized air essential to the air membrane structure for distillation of water. There is no need for desalination equipment or distillation equipment, and since high temperatures such as ordinary distillation that operates at the boiling point of water are not used, energy consumption is low, safety is high, and once evaporated water is pure water or There is an effect that it can be used as a moisture in the air.

  By using the moisture and fresh water in the air, plant growth can be promoted in desert areas where natural water is scarce and contribute to the greening of the plant.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the heat generated by the compressor is used by the water evaporator to increase the temperature of the outside air or the air containing water, so that energy consumption can be reduced.

  According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the water evaporator and the water condenser function as the refrigerant condenser and the refrigerant evaporator of the heat pump, respectively, so that the energy efficiency can be improved.

  In the invention of claim 6 or 7, since the heat generated in the compression process of the heat pump can be used for heating the raw water, the evaporation efficiency can be easily increased, and the fabric as a water evaporation medium of the water evaporator, A simple structure using a nonwoven fabric or the like can be taken.

  In the invention described in claim 8, since a thin water film can be formed on the surface of the water evaporation medium, the contact area between the raw water and the outside air can be substantially enlarged, so that the evaporation efficiency can be increased.

  In the invention according to claim 9, the high-rise type air film structure is easy to construct and does not require a structure such as a low-rise type side wall, so that it is particularly effective in an area with poor infrastructure such as a desert. is there.

  In the invention according to the tenth aspect, each feature can be utilized by using a highly weather-resistant fluororesin, a low-cost polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), a vinyl chloride resin or a polyester resin.

  In invention of Claim 11 or 12, there exists an effect that the space which can be cultivated can be provided to internal space by using the air film | membrane structure provided in Claims 1-10.

  In the invention of claim 13, even in areas where infrastructure is not maintained such as deserts, the air dome structure, the power generation facility, the heat pump, the water source facility, and the blower / fresh water generator are systematized using the air film structure. This has the effect of providing a space in which plants can be grown.

[Air film structure]
The air membrane structure 1 of the present invention will be described. The air membrane structure 1 includes a dome 2 and a blower 7 for feeding pressurized air for maintaining the dome shape. In the air membrane structure 1 shown in FIG. 1, a blower 7 is incorporated in a blower / fresh water generator 3 in which a water evaporator 4 and a water condenser 5 are coupled by a duct 6. In the air membrane structure 1 shown in FIG. 2, the blower 7 is provided on the dome side (inside side) of the water evaporator 4, but may be on the outside side, while the water condenser 5 is provided on the dome side. 2 is provided so that the exhaust from 2 circulates.

  The air membrane structure 1 is formed so as to be able to improve the air tightness of the room by a weather resistant and flexible or flexible film material, and the room is always blown by the blower 7, The room air pressure is kept slightly higher than the outside air pressure while appropriately exhausting (ventilating) through an exhaust damper (not shown).

  The dome 2 of the air membrane structure 1 includes a low-rise type that has a side wall and is fixed to the dome 2 and a high-rise type that does not have a side wall and the membrane material substantially directly contacts the ground. As the air membrane structure of the present invention, a high rise type is preferably used from the viewpoint of economy.

  As the structure of the dome 2 of the air film structure 1, a known structure such as a single film structure or a double film structure can be used as the film structure. As the membrane material, a synthetic resin sheet is usually used to have a laminated structure, and a laminated sheet in which a synthetic resin film, glass fibers, and synthetic resin fibers are laminated to increase the strength can be used. The material of the film material is required to have mechanical strength against severe weather conditions such as desert climate, weather resistance to solar radiation, flying sand, and storms. The film material itself is transparent or opaque, and a light shielding member such as a light shielding film can be provided on the outer surface side. Examples of the resin used for the film material include polyvinyl fluoride resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin, polyhexafluoropropylene resin, vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene ( Fluorine resin, vinyl chloride resin such as binary copolymer of HFP), ternary copolymer of VDF, HFP and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and binary copolymer of VDF and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) Polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyester resin, etc. can be used, but the fluororesin is mentioned as preferable in terms of weather resistance, but polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. ), Vinyl chloride resin and plastic Ester resin is selected from the economy.

  The weight of the roof formed by the membrane material is usually 2 to 30 kg / m 2, and generally 5 to 10 kg / m 2, although it varies depending on the type of members such as the membrane material, membrane fixing hardware, and cable. In order to support the roof, the internal / external pressure difference (internal pressure) of the structure may be kept higher than the atmospheric pressure. However, in order to prevent the film from fluttering due to gusts, it is also necessary to provide a margin sufficient to prevent deformation or breakage due to a load due to snow.

  The air inside the air film structure 1 maintains a pressure of 200 mm water column or less. Depending on the environment to be used, for example, only a 5-10 mm water column should be kept higher than the atmospheric pressure, but the internal pressure is usually about 10-80 mm water column. A water column of several tens of mm is preferable.

  In addition, this type of air membrane structure 1 is constantly leaking air for opening and closing the door, ventilation, and the like, and the amount of air leakage varies depending on the usage conditions such as climate, weather, day and night. Therefore, in order to maintain the internal pressure in preparation for these changes in the amount of air leakage, an auxiliary or auxiliary blower can be provided.

The blower 7 for sending in air that supports the air membrane structure 1 has an arbitrary positional relationship between the water evaporator 4 and the water condenser 5 of the blower / fresh water generator 3 described below. It is only necessary that an air flow of outside air can be introduced into 3. For example, it can be installed between the outside air inlet 8, the air outlet 9, the water evaporator 4 and the water condenser 5. Further, the blower 7 can be additionally installed separately from the blower / fresh water generator 3. Furthermore, a part of the airflow of the blower used for the blower / fresh water generator 3 can be bypassed and sent directly into the air membrane structure.
[Blower and fresh water generator]
The blower / fresh water device 3 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of FIG. 2 where the water evaporator 4 and the water condenser 5 are separated, the action of distillation is the same. The blower / fresh water generator 3 includes a blower 7, a water evaporator 4, a water condenser 5, and a heat exchange cycle for exchanging heat between the water evaporator 4 and the water condenser 5. The water evaporator 4 supplies water not suitable for irrigation such as seawater, brackish water, brine, etc. as raw water from the upper part, is brought into contact with the air flow while flowing down the water evaporator 4, and evaporates the water in the air It is a device that raises the relative humidity. Fresh water can also be used as raw water.

  In the water evaporator 4, the relative humidity of the air blown to the dome 2 is increased. Since the time for which the water flowing down from the top of the water evaporator 4 and the air blown across it are in contact with each other is extremely short, it is necessary to increase the moving speed of moisture to the air per unit time. Is important. In order to improve the efficiency of the water evaporator 4, it is possible to increase the relative contact time by increasing the contact area between water and air in terms of shape. Moreover, it is efficient and preferable because it is possible to increase the amount of evaporated water per unit water amount of raw water such as seawater, brackish water, and flooded water by making the film of water to flow down thin, and to reduce the amount of circulating water.

  That is, when evaporating precious water resources with a water evaporator, the water film flowing down the water evaporator is made as thin as possible to (1) efficiently perform heat exchange, and (2) used for supplying water resources. By minimizing energy and (3) highly concentrated, salts dissolved in the feed water can be advantageously recovered.

  The contact surface of the water evaporator with the raw water is a hydrophilic surface. In particular, a superhydrophilic surface having a water contact angle of almost 0 ° is more preferable. The spread of a liquid onto a solid is generally determined by the surface energy of the solid, the surface energy of the liquid, and the fine shape of the solid surface. Accordingly, the hydrophilic surface can be obtained by forming a substance having a large surface energy on a plane in a shape having minute irregularities.

  In the water evaporator 4 having a hydrophilic surface, the water supplied from the upper part quickly spreads on the surface of the water evaporator 4 to form a thin film and flows down, so that the gas-liquid contact efficiency and the heat exchange efficiency are dramatically increased. The increase in relative humidity in the air that is improved and blown to the dome can be dramatically increased.

  It is known that the amount of water evaporation greatly depends on the temperature. That is, the amount of saturated water vapor in the air is about 17 g at 20 ° C. per square meter, about 51 g at 40 ° C., and about 130 g at 60 ° C. When water evaporates from the water flowing down in the water evaporator 4, the heat of vaporization is removed, and the temperature of the water evaporator 4 decreases. If the temperature of the water evaporator 4 decreases, the evaporation of water is suppressed, which is not preferable. Therefore, the water evaporator 4 can have a mechanism for increasing the temperature. For example, use of a heat pump by heat exchange with the water condenser 4 is suitable. Moreover, the water to flow down can be heated in advance, and sunlight can be used as a heat source.

  Although heating can also be performed by the water evaporator 4 as in Example 1 below, it can also be an intermediate part of the raw water circulation path 15. For example, any position of the raw water tank 12, the upper water tank 11, or the raw water circulation path 15 may be used, and the shape is not limited. When it is not necessary to perform heat exchange with the water evaporator 4, a material having a fine structure on the surface, such as a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a filter, can be used as the raw water / outside air contact medium of the water evaporator 4.

Seawater, brackish water and brine concentrated by evaporating water are discharged from the lower part of the water evaporator 4 and collected in the raw water tank 12. Concentrated sea water or brackish water, brine may be utilized as a resource by recovering the salt through a further concentration step. Concentrated seawater, brackish water, and brine are guided to the open channel in the dome, and water is supplied to the dome by natural evaporation, and the seawater, brackish water, and brine are further concentrated to facilitate subsequent recovery of salts. You can also

  The shape of the water evaporator 4 is determined in consideration of efficient contact between the raw water flowing down and the air passing therethrough and efficient heat exchange that compensates for a temperature drop due to the heat of vaporization of the flowing water. Specifically, it is recommended to use a radiator type that is widely used in heat exchangers composed of a large number of thin plates (fins) and heat medium passages, or a shape in which the heat medium passages are installed in close contact with the heat exchange plate. .

  In the water evaporator 4, it is preferable to prevent the entrainment of salts due to entrainment by disposing a filter or the like between the water condenser 5. In that case, it becomes easy to use the water entrained in the air as water vapor or the recovered water as fresh water for vegetation.

  The air that has passed through the water evaporator 4 may be introduced into the dome 2 of the air membrane structure 1 as it is, and is passed through the water condenser 5 described below to recover a part of the contained water as liquid fresh water. The air film structure 1 can also be introduced as air containing water that has not been condensed. It is preferable to determine the operating conditions of the water condenser 5 so that the introduced air contains more water than the outside air contains.

  By passing the air humidified by the water evaporator 4 through the water condenser 5 and cooling it, the relative humidity in the air is increased and saturated to condense the water. In order to efficiently cool the humid air in a short contact time, the temperature difference between the surface of the water condenser 5 and the passing humid air is made as large as possible to increase the heat transfer efficiency. In addition, by increasing the contact area between the air and the condenser in this way, the contact time can be increased, while condensed water can be quickly discharged from the water condenser as droplets.

  The water condenser 5 is cooled by using a heat pump by exchanging heat with the water evaporator 4. Moreover, it can also cool with the refrigerant | coolant prepared with the independent refrigerator.

  The water condenser 5 can also be performed using an air flow exhausted from the air membrane structure 1 to keep the air pressure constant. In this case, since the cooled air is exhausted, it can be used for air conditioning with moderate humidity.

An irrigation system can be configured using the air membrane structure of the present invention. That is, it consists of a dome part of an air membrane structure, a power generation facility, a heat pump, a water source facility, a blower / fresh water generator, and the air membrane structure having a space where plants can be grown inside by functioning these element facilities. An irrigation system can be configured.

  Here, as the power generation facility, a power storage facility can be provided in order to prepare for a solar power generation, a nighttime or stormy weather that cannot depend on wind power generation, or a stable power source. As a power storage facility, a large-sized lithium ion secondary battery, a superconducting power storage system, or the like can be used in addition to a conventionally used lead storage battery.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these.
<Example 1>
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. The air film structure 1 includes a dome 2 and a blower / fresh water generator 3 including a blower 7 for sending in pressurized air for maintaining the dome shape. The dome 2 has a suitable strength, weather resistance, and airtightness, and is a material having so-called selective permeability capable of transmitting visible light of sunlight and blocking heat rays such as infrared rays, such as a transparent fluororesin. It consists of a film material such as a film.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of the blower / fresh water device 3. Methods such as the position of the blower and the reception of raw water and the reception of recovered raw water are not limited to this example. The blower / fresh water generator 3 as a whole is composed of an air duct 6 provided with an outside air intake port 8 at one end and an air discharge port 9 at the other end, and a blower 7 is placed in the air duct 6 at an intermediate portion between both ends. Is arranged. A water evaporator 4 is disposed between the blower 7 and the outside air intake 8 on the intake side of the blower 7, and water is disposed between the blower 7 and the air outlet 12 on the exhaust side of the blower 7. A condenser 5 is provided. An upper water tank 11 for temporarily storing raw water and a raw water tank 12 are attached to the water evaporator 4. The raw water tank 12 receives raw water taken from a well, the ocean, and the like, and receives raw water collected without being evaporated by the water evaporator 4.

  The water evaporator 4 includes a high-temperature circulating fluid passage 30 through which a high-temperature circulating fluid sent from the refrigerant condenser 18 of the refrigerator 10 through the high-temperature circulating fluid passage 16 circulates, and an outside air passage 31 via a heat exchange plate 32. Are adjacent to each other (FIGS. 5 and 6).

  The water condenser 5 exchanges heat between the low-temperature circulation liquid passage 33 through which the low-temperature circulation liquid sent from the refrigerant evaporator 19 of the refrigerator 10 passes through the low-temperature circulation liquid passage 17 and the low-temperature circulation liquid passage 33. The wet air passage 32 is formed through a plate 35, and a fresh water reservoir (not shown) for receiving condensed water is provided at the bottom of the air duct 6 at the bottom of the water condenser 5 (FIG. 5). , FIG. 7).

  In the water evaporator 4, the high-temperature circulating fluid passage 30 is coupled to the outside air passage 31 through the heat exchange plate 32 so as to be able to exchange heat, and is configured as a passage formed in close contact with the heat exchange plate 32. A plurality of sheets are arranged vertically side by side, an outside air passage 31 is formed between adjacent heat exchange plates 32, and the air passage side surface of the heat exchange plate 32 of the water evaporator 4 has hydrophilicity. (Fig. 6).

  In addition, the low-temperature circulating fluid passage 33 in the water condenser 5 is configured as a passage formed in the heat exchange plate 35, and a plurality of heat exchange plates 35 are vertically arranged at intervals to adjoin adjacent heat exchange plates. A humid air passage 34 is formed between the plates 35 (FIG. 7).

  The raw water passage is a portion of the raw water that has been pumped up from the raw water tank 12 by the raw water pump 13 and supplied to and stored in the upper water tank 11, then flows down to the water evaporator 4 and is brought into gas-liquid contact with the outside air and has not evaporated A raw water circulation path 15 through which raw water is collected in the raw water tank 12 is piped (FIG. 6). Further, as the passage of the high-temperature circulating water and the low-temperature circulating water, the high-temperature circulating liquid heated by the refrigerant condenser 21 connected to the refrigerant discharge side of the refrigerator 10 is hot-circulated to the high-temperature circulating liquid path 30 of the water evaporator 4. The high-temperature circulation path 16 that returns the high-temperature circulating liquid that has been sent by the liquid pump 26 and cooled by indirect contact with the raw water to the refrigerant condenser 21, and the refrigerant evaporator 19 that is connected to the refrigerant suction side of the refrigerator 10. After the low-temperature circulating liquid cooled in step 1 is sent to the low-temperature circulating liquid passage 33 of the water condenser 5 by the low-temperature circulating liquid pump 27 and the humid air sent from the water evaporator 4 is indirectly cooled, A low-temperature circulation path 17 that returns to the refrigerant evaporator 19 of the refrigerator 10 and is cooled again in a heated state is provided (FIG. 5).

  While the blower 7 is operated, outside air is taken into the air duct 6 from the outside air intake 8 at one end thereof, while raw water is pumped by the raw water pump 13 and flows down from the upper water tank 11 to the air passage side surface of the heat exchange plate 32 of the water evaporator 4. Then, the raw air is brought into gas-liquid contact to evaporate a part of the raw water, and the humid air containing the evaporated water is supplied to the water condenser 5 by the blower 7. Next, the remainder of the raw water partially evaporated is collected in the raw water tank 12, and then returned to the upper water tank 11 for circulation (FIG. 6).

  On the other hand, the high-temperature circulating liquid heated in the refrigerant condenser 18 of the refrigerator 10 is supplied to the high-temperature circulating liquid passage 30 of the water evaporator 4 and indirectly contacted with the raw water via the heat exchange plate, and this raw water heating is manifested. The high-temperature circulating liquid that has been slightly cooled by the movement of heat and its latent heat of vaporization is returned to the refrigerant condenser 21 of the refrigerator 10, and the refrigerant is cooled by the refrigerant condenser 18 of the refrigerator 10. After the temperature is raised, the water is supplied to the high-temperature circulating liquid passage 30 of the water evaporator 4 and circulated.

  Further, the low-temperature circulating liquid cooled by the refrigerant evaporator 19 connected to the refrigerant suction side of the refrigerator 10 is sent to the low-temperature circulating liquid passage 33 of the water condenser 5 by the low-temperature circulating liquid pump 27, and this water condenser 5 The humid air flowing in the humid air passage 34 is cooled with the low-temperature circulating liquid indirectly through the heat exchange plate 35 to cool it, and the moisture in the humid air is condensed to obtain fresh water. It is dropped in a fresh water reservoir (not shown) formed in the lower part of the condenser 5 and collected in a fresh water storage tank 14 provided outside the duct.

Air containing water that has passed through the water condenser 5 is discharged from an air discharge port 9 formed on the dome side of the air duct 6 to keep the inside of the air membrane structure 1 at a higher air pressure than the outside.
<Example 2>
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the water evaporator 4 and the water condenser 5 constituting the blower / fresh water generator 3 are separately installed.

  The water condenser 5 uses an air flow inside the air film structure 1 by exhausting to adjust the internal pressure of the air film structure 1 instead of the humid air driven by the blower.

In Example 2, since the humid air prepared by the water evaporator 4 is supplied to the inside of the dome as it is, the supply of moisture to the air film structure 1 is mainly performed as water vapor, and is naturally condensed inside. Or the part except the water | moisture content absorbed by the plant is collect | recovered with the water condenser 5, and can be utilized for irrigation etc.
<Example 3>
1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is carried out except that the water evaporator 4 and the water condenser 5 constituting the blower / fresh water generator 3 are directly heated and cooled by the refrigerant that operates the compressor 20 of the refrigerator 10. Similar to Example 1.

  The water evaporator 4 includes a plurality of heat exchange plates 32 and heat exchange plates 32 that are formed in close contact with the liquid refrigerant passage 21 through which the refrigerant flows and arranged vertically in parallel with each other. A passage 31 is formed, and the surface of the heat exchange plate 32 of the water evaporator 4 on the outside air passage side has hydrophilicity (FIG. 8). The raw water circuit is the same as in the first embodiment.

  The water condenser 5 is formed in close contact with the gas refrigerant passage 22 through which the gas refrigerant, which is pressurized and condensed by the compressor 20 and passes through the liquid refrigerant passage 21 of the water condenser 4 and cooled under reduced pressure by the capillary tube 23 circulates. A plurality of the heat exchange plates 35 and the heat exchange plates 35 are vertically arranged at intervals, and a humid air passage 34 is formed between adjacent heat exchange plates. A fresh water reservoir (not shown) is provided at the bottom of the air condenser 6 at the bottom of the air condenser 6 (FIG. 9).

  In the compressor 20, a refrigerant evaporator 19 (water condenser 5) is connected to a refrigerant suction pipe 25. The refrigerant evaporator 19 (water condenser 5) is connected to the refrigerant condenser 18 (water evaporator 4) via a capillary tube 23. The refrigerant discharge pipe 24 connects the refrigerant condenser 18 (water evaporator 4) and the compressor 20 (FIG. 5).

  The compressor 20 sucks and compresses the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has passed through the gas refrigerant passage 22 of the refrigerant evaporator 19 through the refrigerant suction pipe 25 to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is led from the refrigerant discharge pipe 24 through the liquid refrigerant passage 21 to the refrigerant condenser 18 and releases heat of heat condensation with the raw water through the heat exchange plate 32 to liquefy and condense it into high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Become. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant is adiabatically expanded by the capillary tube 23 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant and is led to the refrigerant evaporator 19. The low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant maintains the surface of the refrigerant evaporator 19 at a temperature at which the pressure is saturated, and becomes a gas refrigerant in order to cool the humid air through the heat exchange plate 35 due to the evaporation latency, and again becomes the compressor 20. Sucked into. At this time, the raw water in the raw water tank 12 disposed below the refrigerant condenser 18 is sucked by the raw water pump 13 and is caused to flow down from the upper side of the refrigerant condenser 18 by the upper water tank 11. While the water that has flowed down falls while wetting the surface of the refrigerant condenser 18, it is heated and evaporated by the refrigerant condenser 18 that releases the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant, making the air humid.

The humid air that has become humid is guided to the water condenser 5 by the blower 7 and is cooled by exchanging heat with the refrigerant while passing through the surface of the heat exchange plate 35 of the low-temperature refrigerant evaporator 19, and is contained in the air. The amount of water is equal to or greater than the saturated water amount corresponding to the air temperature after cooling, and the remaining water is condensed and dripped onto the surface of the refrigerant evaporator 19 and collected in a fresh water storage tank 14 disposed below the refrigerant evaporator 19. .
<Example 4>
A water evaporator 4 of this embodiment is shown in FIG. In the first embodiment, the high-temperature circulating liquid passage 30 is formed in close contact with the heat exchange plate 32 of the water evaporator, whereas in the fourth embodiment, a large number of thin plates (fins) 38 are arranged vertically in parallel. The difference is that the liquid passage 30 is formed so as to penetrate therethrough. A dispersion plate 37 is provided in the introduction portion of the raw water from the upper water tank 11 to the water evaporator 4 to facilitate the development of water on the surface of the thin plate 38.

  Moreover, the water condenser 5 of a present Example is shown in FIG. In the first embodiment, the low-temperature circulating fluid passage 33 is formed in close contact with the heat exchange plate of the water evaporator, whereas in the fourth embodiment, a large number of thin plates (fins) 38 are arranged vertically in parallel. The difference is that the passage 33 is formed through.

  The thin plate of the water evaporator 4 was used after hydrophilizing the aluminum surface in the same manner as described in JP-A-2007-308602.

  Air flow 2.2 m3 / min (wind speed 1m / sec in duct), water supply 517mL / min, high temperature circulating fluid temperature 40 ° C, low temperature circulating fluid temperature 4 ° C, air temperature 23 ° C, humidity 60% (13g / m3), hourly 3.6kg of water was brought into the dome. Of this, 1.0 kg of water was recovered as liquid water from under the water condenser. When seawater (chlorine concentration: 18.8 g / L) was used as the supply water, it was desalted to the salt concentration (chlorine concentration: 0.18 g / L) at the river water level, and water that could be used as irrigation water was recovered. The amount of water brought into the dome in the form of liquid and gas is converted into an annual dome of 5,000 square meters (50,000 square meters in volume) when the exchanged air volume is 1 time / hour. This means that it corresponds to a rainfall of 2400mm (average rainfall in South Kyushu), suggesting that an environment that allows sufficient vegetation to form inside the dome is formed.

In dry areas and deserts where it is difficult to obtain water resources suitable for farming, it is possible to develop farmland that is irrigated in a closed space.

It is the schematic showing the whole air film structure of Example 1. FIG. It is the schematic showing the whole air film structure of Example 2. FIG. It is the schematic showing an air blower and fresh water generator. It is the schematic showing the heat exchange of the water evaporator and water condenser of Example 1. FIG. It is the schematic showing the heat exchange of the water evaporator and water condenser of Example 3. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a water evaporator according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a water condenser according to Example 1. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a water evaporator according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a water condenser of Example 3. FIG. It is the schematic showing the water evaporator of Example 4. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a water condenser of Example 4. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 .... Air membrane structure 2 .... Dome 3 .... Blowing and fresh water generator 4 .... Water evaporator 5 .... Water condenser 6 .... Duct 7 .... Blower 8 .... Outside air inlet 9 .... Air discharge Exit 10 ··· Refrigerator 11 · · · Upper water tank 12 · · Raw water tank 13 · · Raw water pump 14 · · Fresh water storage tank 15 · · Raw water circuit 16 · · High temperature circuit 17 · · Low temperature circuit 18 · · Refrigerant condenser 19 .... Refrigerant evaporator 20 .... Compressor 21 ... Liquid refrigerant passage 22 .... Gas refrigerant passage 23 ... Capillary tube 24 ... Refrigerant discharge pipe 25 ... Refrigerant suction pipe 26 ... High temperature circulating fluid pump 27 ... Low temperature Circulating fluid pump 30 .. High temperature circulating fluid passage 31 .. Outside air passage 32 .. Heat exchange plate (evaporator) 33 .. Low temperature circulating fluid passage 34 .. Wet air passage 35 .. Heat exchange plate (condenser) 37.・ Dispersion plate 38 ・ ・ Thin plate (fin)

A ・ ・ Outside air B ・ ・ Moist air C ・ ・ Water-containing air D ・ ・ Exhaust air E ・ ・ High-temperature circulating fluid F ・ ・ Low-temperature circulating fluid G ・ ・ Liquid refrigerant H ・ ・ Gas refrigerant

Claims (13)

An air membrane structure having a dome, a blower, a water evaporator, and a water condenser, wherein the air for supporting the membrane fed by the blower is passed through the water evaporator to make the moisture content increased. An air membrane structure in which the moisture content of the air for supporting the membrane is higher than that of the outside air, having means and means for passing the air flow through the water condenser and collecting water from the air as fresh water. An air membrane structure having a dome, a blower, a water evaporator and a water condenser, wherein the air for supporting the membrane sent by the blower is sequentially passed through the water evaporator and the water condenser, and contains water in the water evaporator. An air membrane structure having means for increasing the amount of air, means for recovering moisture from the air as fresh water in a water condenser, and means for feeding air containing residual moisture into the interior space of the dome . 3. The water evaporator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the membrane supporting air fed by a blower is brought into direct contact with the raw water to increase the water content and discharge the used raw water out of the system. Air membrane structure. A water evaporator in which an outside air passage is formed through a heat exchange plate coupled to the high-temperature circulating fluid passage so as to be capable of exchanging heat is thermally connected to the refrigerant condenser of the heat pump using the high-temperature circulating fluid as a heat medium. Raw water is flowed down to wet the surface of the heat exchange plate in the outside air passage to convert the outside air into humid air, and a humid air passage is formed through a heat exchange plate connected to the low-temperature circulating fluid passage so as to be able to exchange heat. The air according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water condenser is thermally connected to a refrigerant evaporator of a heat pump using a low-temperature circulating liquid as a heat medium, and condenses water from the humid air and recovers it as fresh water. Membrane structure. As the refrigerant condenser of the heat pump connected to the refrigerant discharge pipe, the raw water flows down and comes into contact so as to wet the surface of the heat exchanger plate of the water evaporator where the outside air passage is formed, and the outside air is converted into moist air. 3. The water according to claim 1, wherein water is condensed from the humid air and collected as fresh water on a surface of a water condenser in which a humid air passage is formed as a refrigerant evaporator of a heat pump connected to the suction pipe. Air membrane structure. The heater is a refrigerant condenser of a heat pump when heating the raw water supplied to the water evaporator or the circulating raw water by a heater provided in an intermediate part of the raw water circulation path. Air membrane structure. When the raw water or circulating raw water supplied to the water evaporator is heated by the heater provided in the middle part of the raw water circulation path, the heater is thermally connected to the heat pump through the refrigerant condenser and the high-temperature circulating liquid. The air film structure according to claim 1 or 2. The air membrane structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least a surface on the outside air passage side of the heat exchange plate of the water evaporator has hydrophilicity. The air film structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a side wall of the dome of the air film structure is formed of a film material constituting the dome. The film of an air film structure consists of polyethylene, a polypropylene, a vinyl chloride resin , polyester, or a fluororesin, The air film structure of any one of Claims 1-9 characterized by the above-mentioned. An irrigation method using the air membrane structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the collected fresh water is used for irrigation of soil inside the air membrane structure. An irrigation method using the air membrane structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the inner space of the air membrane structure is used for plant growth. A dome having an internal space in which plants can be grown;
Power generation facilities that generate solar or wind power;
A heat pump powered by electrical energy generated by the power generation facility;
A water source facility that collects raw water from a water source containing salt;
It consists of air containing water by evaporating and condensing water with a heat pump and a blower / fresh water device that produces fresh water.
Air containing water generated by the blower / fresh water device is used as support air for the dome of the air membrane structure, and fresh water produced by the blower / fresh water device is used for irrigation of the internal space of the air film structure. Irrigation system used.

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