JP2007039253A - Organic silicate fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fertilizer raw material obtained by particularly utilizing fly ash of industrial waste and livestock excreta having much of a problem as the pollution by livestock to convert the inorganic fly ash to an organic material, a fertilizer or a fertilizer for paddy rice culture containing the same and a method of manufacturing the same in the manufacture of the fertilizer effectively utilizing the waste. <P>SOLUTION: The organic silicate fertilizer is manufactured by adsorbing the livestock excreta to the fly ash and fermenting. That is, the fly ash is housed in a bag made from a base material having high strength and excellent penetration of a liquid and the fly ash-housing bag is dipped into a livestock urine pond to adsorb the urine liquid to the fly ash to be saturated and transported to a fermentation plant to carry out the fermentation. The fertilizer obtained by mixing a potassium fertilizer with the organic silicate fertilizer is used for the fertilizer for paddy rice culture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic silicate fertilizer, or a fertilizer mixed with the fertilizer, and more specifically, an organic silicate fertilizer is produced by adsorbing urine from livestock to fly ash, which is one of industrial wastes. And an organic silicate fertilizer rich in potassium by adding a potassium compound and the like, and a fertilizer for paddy rice containing the fertilizer.

In order to supply electricity stably, coal is superior to other fossil fuels in terms of supply stability and economy, and is positioned as the next alternative to nuclear power as an alternative energy to oil. It is said that there are 33.77 million KW at the end of 2014, planned to be 39.22 million KW in 2007 and 43.15 million KW in 2012. As coal-fired power generation facilities increase in this way, the amount of fly ash (coal ash) generated also increases, and the amount of fly ash (coal ash) generated nationwide is about 9.2 million tons at the end of 2002, the end of 2007 Is estimated to reach about 10 million tons. In order to effectively utilize such a large amount of fly ash (coal ash) generated as a resource, research and development are actively carried out.
As an effective use of fly ash, it is used in many fields taking advantage of its chemical and physical properties, and is used in the fields of cement admixtures, road materials, building materials, agriculture and fisheries.

  Fly ash is composed mainly of silicic acid, and it also contains many trace elements useful for crops such as boron, lime, and iron that ancient plants have taken up for their growth. However, as it is, it is not absorbed by the crops, and fly ash alone cannot be used as a fertilizer.

  Conventionally, as a technique for using fly ash as a raw material for fertilizers, in a method for composting organic matter in which organic matter such as domestic waste and livestock waste is fermented by microorganisms, silicate minerals and fly in the organic matter are used. In a method for composting organic matter that promotes fermentation of organic matter by mixing a mixture with ash or the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1) and a method for producing fertilizer from organic sludge, (1) Organic sludge before dehydration In contrast, the step of adding fly ash in an amount of 50 to 200% by weight per solid content of organic sludge, stirring and mixing, (2) and then the polymer agglomerate in the amount of 0.3 to 2.0 weight per solid content of the mixed sludge (3) Subsequently, wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust, baked rice bran as fermentation aids for the dehydrated sludge obtained in the previous step. A method for producing fertilizer from organic sludge comprising, for example, a step of adding and mixing so that the moisture content of sludge after addition of ku (bark) is 55 to 73% by weight, followed by fermentation (for example, Patent Document 2) In the method of manufacturing compost, which mixes water and nitrogen sources with organic carbon sources including wood, and ferments the mixture in the atmosphere to corrode, the mixture is further mixed with coal ash such as fly ash There is known a method for producing woody raw material compost (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  In addition, in the method for producing livestock manure, a method for producing livestock manure that subdivides livestock feces in the presence of a moisture-absorbing material such as pulp and fly ash (see, for example, Patent Document 4), and sediment fermentation. Organic fertilizer having a soil improvement effect obtained by mixing and fermenting clinker ash and fly ash produced as by-products from an organic substance and a coal boiler at a volume ratio of 30 to 70:70 to 0: 0 to 70 (see, for example, Patent Document 5) )It has been known.

  On the other hand, livestock urine treatment technology includes a urine storage tank for storing livestock urine, a predetermined amount of urine from the urine storage tank, and a predetermined amount of water mixed with at least one kind of bacteria. An aeration tank of a predetermined size, an aerator provided at the bottom of the aeration tank, and aerating the aeration tank by outside air sent from an air pump; and water containing livestock urine from the aeration tank A denitrification tank into which a part is charged, and a nitrification tank in which a part of water containing livestock urine charged from the denitrification tank is reacted with oxygen in the atmosphere to generate nitrate and re-enter the denitrification tank. A water circulation system comprising: a filtration device for filtering part of water containing livestock urine in the nitrification tank; and a treated water tank for storing water that is filtered by the nitrification tank and re-entered into the aeration tank A waste disposal apparatus (see, for example, Patent Document 6) is known. That.

JP-A-7-61882 JP-A-11-228267 JP 2001-130991 A JP 2001-181074 A JP 2003-192476 A JP 2000-354898 A

  An object of the present invention is to produce fertilizer by effectively using waste, and in particular, using fly ash that is industrial waste and livestock urine which is a big problem as livestock pollution, An object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer raw material, a fertilizer containing the fertilizer, a fertilizer for paddy rice, and a production method thereof by changing fly ash into an organic mold. In particular, rice is a plant that prefers to absorb silicic acid, and the creation of soil that supplies silicic acid is the basis for high quality and high yield, and 100 kg of brown rice absorbs 20 kg of silicic acid. It is said that 120 kg of silicic acid is required every year to harvest 600 kg of rice. Potassium is also an important element for the growth of rice, and it is said that potassium is involved in the transfer of rice husk nutrients to rice grains. Until rice ripening is completed, those with a high accumulation of potassium become cocoon seeds, and those with a reduced potassium retention in the later stage of ripening tend to be sterile. Therefore, unlike nitrogen and phosphoric acid, potassium must be supplied until a very late stage of growth. The effect of potassium also maintains the turgor pressure in the crop body, which increases resistance to drought, contributes to carbohydrate synthesis, and increases the overall size of the cocoon, so that the development of pods in secondary branching It also contributes to increased sales and quality. Furthermore, potassium is an important component that absorbs an appropriate amount continuously throughout the entire cultivation period of paddy rice, and the present invention provides an efficient fertilizer particularly suitable for paddy rice containing silicic acid and potassium. provide.

  Conventionally, it has been widely known that fly ash is mixed with fiber components such as livestock manure and other wood chips and fermented to make fertilizer, but the main component of fly ash is changed from inorganic to organic type. As a fertilizer raw material to change and make the best use of, and to combine the potash fertilizer to obtain fertilizer rich in siliceous and potassium, we have made fly ash and various other waste materials As a result of earnest research on the combination with urine, it was found that the combination with livestock urine was effective as a fertilizer raw material, and the present invention was completed.

  That is, the present invention includes (1) a method for producing an organic silicate fertilizer characterized by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash, and (2) a material having high strength and good liquid permeability. (1), wherein the fly ash bag is soaked in a livestock urine pond, adsorbed until the urine is saturated, carried into a compost fermenter and fermented. The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic silicate fertilizer.

  The present invention also includes (3) an organic silicate fertilizer obtained by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash, and (4) an organic silicate-containing fertilizer material and potassium-containing compound obtained by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash. And (5) a fertilizer characterized by containing an organic silicate-containing fertilizer raw material obtained by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash, a potassium-containing compound, and a magnesium-containing compound ( 6) A fertilizer for paddy rice, wherein the fertilizer according to any one of (3) to (5) is used as a fertilizer for paddy rice.

  The organic silicate fertilizer raw material of the present invention and the fertilizer containing the raw material not only contribute to the treatment of waste by using fly ash of industrial waste and livestock urine that is a problem of animal husbandry pollution, but also organic silica. It can be mixed with potassium fertilizer and / or magnesium fertilizer of high quality as acid fertilizer, and “potassium” can be changed to bitter-soluble potassium fertilizer, and organic silicic acid fertilizer in which silicic acid is well absorbed by crops can be obtained.

  The method for producing the organic silicate fertilizer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method of adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash, and livestock urine here refers to livestock feces and livestock urine. Means urine fluid separated into solid and liquid. As fly ash, the one generated from ordinary coal-fired power plants and discharged as fly ash can be used. Livestock urine is mainly cows and pigs, but is also discharged from horses, sheep, etc. Can be used.

  As a method of adsorbing livestock urine to fly ash, fly ash is simply mixed with livestock urine, so fly ash is scattered and inefficient, so it is strong and easy to penetrate liquid, such as nylon, vinyl etc. A method is preferred in which fly ash is accommodated in a bag as a raw material, and then the fly ash-accommodated bag is placed in a urine pool (pond) and the livestock urine is adsorbed to the fly ash.

Fermentation can be carried out in a conventional fermenter for fermenting compost, and N, P, K contained in the urine of livestock is used as a culture substrate, and in particular, the content of nitrogen that is converted from ammonia is high. . Like fermentation of the compost which accumulates, it ferments and a fermentative heat generate | occur | produces normally by natural fermentation. Fermentation heat is generated in the process of decomposing organic materials as raw materials by aerobic microorganisms attached to the atmosphere or organic carbon sources. The temperature condition of the preferable fermenter managed using such fermentation heat is about 60-80 degreeC. This is because the fermentation reaction is slow at a low temperature of less than 60 ° C., and if it is heated to exceed 80 ° C., the growth of microorganisms deteriorates and the fermentation does not proceed.
During the fermentation, feces such as livestock and wood chips can be added as appropriate.

Specifically, first, the livestock urine adsorption fly ash is taken out from the bag, and in the compost fermenter (usually a tank that ferments fertilizer etc. to produce fertilizer), the livestock urine adsorbent fly ash and the secondary fermenter Mix well with the back compost and ferment the mixture for about 10 days while sucking and feeding it in the primary fermenter, then transfer it to the secondary fermenter and ferment for about 7 days while sucking and feeding it. About 90% of the fermented product here is returned to the wet mixing tank. The fermented material from the secondary fermenter is transferred to the tertiary fermenter and fermented while being fed for about 50 days. Thereafter, the fermented fermented product is dried for about 90 days while being fed in the product place, and a fermented product having a water content of about 20% is obtained.
Above wetting

The fly ash is as described above. According to JIS standards, silica 45% or more, moisture 1% or less, ignition loss 8% or less, specific gravity 1.95 or more, specific surface area 1500 _cm ² / g or more. Of course, such a standardized fly ash can be used.

  As the other fertilizer of the present invention, if it contains an organic silicate fertilizer obtained by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fly ash fermented product”) and a potassium-containing compound, There is no particular limitation. In general, quick-acting potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are mainly used as potash fertilizer, but in the present invention, a slow-acting potash fertilizer that works slowly and does not have a concentration disturbance can be obtained.

  The other fertilizer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains an organic silicate fertilizer obtained by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash, a potassium-containing compound, and a magnesium-containing compound.

  By mixing and granulating conventional fly ash, potassium-containing compounds, and other magnesium sources such as magnesium hydroxide and dolomite, and calcining them at a relatively low temperature, the potassium-containing compounds turn into “bitter-soluble” potash fertilizers. However, “silicic acid” is well absorbed by crops, but the fly ash fermented product of the present invention has such an effect.

  Generally, potassium silicate fertilizer does not dissolve in water because it is bitter-soluble, it does not flow out due to rainwater or brackish water, and by becoming bitter-soluble, it is dissolved by the root acid coming from the root of the crop, so it absorbs only the necessary amount of crop And there is no such thing as excessive absorption, which is a problem with potash fertilizer. The fly ash fermented product of the present invention is considered to perform the above-described action and mechanism.

  Since the fertilizer containing the fly ash fermented product and potassium of the present invention does not contain a component that acidifies the soil, increasing the amount of fertilization does not increase the salt concentration of the soil and does not cause concentration disturbance. Also, only when the potash component of potassium silicate fertilizer is needed, it dissolves and absorbs as much as necessary, so the potash concentration in the crop body is not increased more than necessary, so that lime and bitter soil are absorbed in a balanced manner. It does not cause physiological disorder.

  As with conventional potassium silicate fertilizers, the fly ash fermented fertilizer with potash of the present invention has an improved rice photosensitivity, does not decay photosynthesis, makes rice resistant to abnormal weather such as cold damage, It is highly resistant to pests due to its high utilization rate, promotes nutrient supply at the later stage of growth, has good rooting, has many root hairs, and has the effect of making rice less likely to fall.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention more concretely, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to these illustrations.

(Manufacturing method of livestock urine adsorption fly ash)
The fly _{ash, SiO 2: 52.3%, Al} 2 O 3: 26.6%, CaO: 9.4%, Fe 2 O 3: 5.6%, K 2 O: 1.1%, B ₂ O ₃ : 0.4% blending ratio was used. 20 kg of this fly ash was accommodated in a plastic bag, and 15 bags, a total of 300 kg, were placed in a urine pond containing 1000 kL of cow urine and left for 3 days to adsorb the cow urine to the fly ash. The fly ash bag was carried into a compost fermenter.

(Production method of fermented fly ash)
The urine adsorption fly ash obtained in Example 1 was carried into a raw dung yard / infiltration mixing tank at 53 t / day (water content 83.0%), and the fermented material fermented in the secondary fermenter was returned and mixed well with compost. Adjust to 62% and repeat fermentation with suction / air feeding in the primary fermentor for 10 days to give moisture of 42.0%. Fermentation with repeated suction / air feeding for 7 days in the secondary fermentor The water content was 36.0%. About 90% of the amount was returned to the infiltration mixing tank, and the remaining 10% (water content 35.0%) was fermented while being sent to the tertiary fermenter (50 days) (water content 25.0%). Furthermore, fermentation and aging were carried out while staying and supplying air for 88 days in the product storage. A final product of 8.0 t / day with a moisture content of 20.0% was obtained.

  10 kg of potassium chloride and 3 kg of magnesium hydroxide were mixed with 87 kg of fly ash fermented product (organosilicate fertilizer) produced in Example 2 using a mixing stirrer to obtain 100 kg of paddy rice fertilizer.

An appropriate amount of the fly ash fermented product (organosilicate fertilizer) produced in Example 2 was sprayed on the field crop soil as it was. As a result, the soil became agglomerated and fertile, and the soil grew better than the field crops that were not sprayed with organosilicate fertilizer.

Claims (6)

A method for producing an organic silicate fertilizer, characterized in that livestock urine is adsorbed on fly ash and fermented. The fly ash is stored in a bag made of a material with high strength and good liquid permeability. The fly ash bag is immersed in a livestock urine pond and adsorbed until the urine is saturated, and then transferred to the compost fermenter. The method for producing an organic silicate fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation is performed. Organic silicate fertilizer made by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash. A fertilizer comprising an organic silicic acid-containing fertilizer raw material obtained by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash and a potassium-containing compound. A fertilizer comprising an organic silicic acid-containing fertilizer raw material obtained by adsorbing and fermenting livestock urine to fly ash, a potassium-containing compound, and a magnesium-containing compound. A fertilizer for paddy rice, wherein the fertilizer according to any one of claims 3 to 5 is used as a fertilizer for paddy rice.