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JP2005080470A - Capacitor device - Google Patents

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JP2005080470A
JP2005080470A JP2003310613A JP2003310613A JP2005080470A JP 2005080470 A JP2005080470 A JP 2005080470A JP 2003310613 A JP2003310613 A JP 2003310613A JP 2003310613 A JP2003310613 A JP 2003310613A JP 2005080470 A JP2005080470 A JP 2005080470A
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electric double
layer capacitor
double layer
secondary battery
power
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Kazuo Yamashita
和郎 山下
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Japan Radio Co Ltd
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Japan Radio Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a capacitor device capable of accumulating a large energy while taking out a large power instantaneously, with a smaller size. <P>SOLUTION: The capacitor device comprises a secondary battery S100 where a plurality of secondary battery cells S101-S106 are connected in series, and an electric double-layer capacitor C100 where a plurality of electric double-layer capacitor cells C101-C106 are connected in series. Since the electric double-layer capacitor cells C101-C106 are connected to both terminals of the secondary battery cells S101-S106, the electric double-layer capacitor cells C101-C106 are applied with voltages from the secondary battery cells S101-S106. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、繰り返し充放電可能な蓄電装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a power storage device that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.

従来の蓄電装置の一例が特開平６−２６４８５１号公報（特許文献１）に開示されている。この装置は、自動車用の蓄電装置であり、始動用蓄電池と負荷用蓄電池の２つの蓄電池を備えている。そして、例えばエンジン始動用のスタータモータのような瞬時負荷は始動用蓄電池に分担させ、例えばランプ類のような定常負荷は負荷用蓄電池に分担させている。これによって、始動用蓄電池は効率放電用、負荷用蓄電池は低率放電用の設計を可能とし、蓄電池の長寿命化を図っている。その他にも、特許文献２に示す自動車用蓄電装置が開示されている。   An example of a conventional power storage device is disclosed in JP-A-6-264851 (Patent Document 1). This device is a power storage device for automobiles, and includes two storage batteries, a start storage battery and a load storage battery. For example, an instantaneous load such as a starter motor for starting the engine is shared by the starting storage battery, and a steady load such as a lamp is shared by the load storage battery. As a result, the start-up storage battery can be designed for efficient discharge, and the load storage battery can be designed for low-rate discharge, thereby extending the life of the storage battery. In addition, an automobile power storage device disclosed in Patent Document 2 is disclosed.

特開平６−２６４８５１号公報JP-A-6-264851 特開平５−３４３１０３号公報JP-A-5-343103

しかしながら、このような蓄電池は電気化学反応を用いて負荷に供給するためのエネルギーを蓄積しているため、瞬時に取り出せる電力及び長寿命化には限界がある。したがって、この従来の蓄電装置においては、大電力を瞬時に取り出すこと及び長寿命化が困難であるという問題点がある。   However, since such a storage battery stores energy to be supplied to a load using an electrochemical reaction, there is a limit to the power that can be taken out instantaneously and the life extension. Therefore, in this conventional power storage device, there is a problem that it is difficult to take out a large amount of power instantaneously and extend its life.

一方、繰り返し充放電可能な蓄電装置として、蓄電池以外に電気二重層キャパシタも利用されている。電気二重層キャパシタは電気化学反応を用いないため、大電力を瞬時に取り出すことが可能であり、かつ長寿命という特徴を有している。しかし、電気二重層キャパシタについては、蓄電エネルギーは電気化学反応を用いる蓄電池より劣り、大エネルギーを蓄積することが困難であるという問題点がある。   On the other hand, as a power storage device that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, an electric double layer capacitor is also used in addition to a storage battery. Since the electric double layer capacitor does not use an electrochemical reaction, a large electric power can be taken out instantaneously and has a long life. However, the electric double layer capacitor has a problem that the stored energy is inferior to that of a storage battery using an electrochemical reaction, and it is difficult to store large energy.

さらに、電気二重層キャパシタは、その耐電圧が一般的に２．５Ｖ程度と低く、特性を劣化させないためにも耐電圧以下の電圧範囲で用いる必要がある。そこで、電気二重層キャパシタを高電圧化するためには、直列に複数接続して用いる必要がある。直列に複数接続された電気二重層キャパシタの両端に充電用電源を接続して充電を行う場合は、その各々に容量のばらつきがあるため、充電電圧にもばらつきが発生する。劣化を防止するためにもすべてのキャパシタの充電電圧を耐電圧以下にする必要があるため、一部のキャパシタには十分に電気エネルギーを蓄積することができないという問題点がある。充電電圧のばらつきを補正するための回路を用いれば、すべてのキャパシタの充電電圧が均等になるように充電可能であり、キャパシタに電気エネルギーを効率よく蓄えることが可能であるが、その場合は装置の小型化が困難であるという問題点がある。   Furthermore, the electric double layer capacitor generally has a low withstand voltage of about 2.5 V, and must be used in a voltage range below the withstand voltage in order not to deteriorate the characteristics. Therefore, in order to increase the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor, it is necessary to connect a plurality of capacitors in series. When charging is performed by connecting a power source for charging to both ends of a plurality of electric double layer capacitors connected in series, there is a variation in capacity in each of them, and thus a variation occurs in the charging voltage. In order to prevent the deterioration, it is necessary to set the charging voltage of all the capacitors to a withstand voltage or lower, so that there is a problem that some capacitors cannot sufficiently store electric energy. If a circuit for correcting variations in charging voltage is used, charging can be performed so that the charging voltages of all capacitors are equal, and electric energy can be efficiently stored in the capacitors. There is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the size.

本発明は、大エネルギーを蓄積することができるとともに大電力を瞬時に取り出すことができ、さらに小型化を実現できる蓄電装置を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a power storage device that can store large energy, take out large electric power instantaneously, and realize further downsizing.

このような目的を達成するために、第１の本発明に係る蓄電装置は、複数の二次電池セルが直列に接続されている二次電池と、複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルが直列または直並列に接続されている電気二重層キャパシタと、を備え、前記二次電池セルの両端子間の各々には、１つの電気二重層キャパシタセルまたは互いに並列接続された複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルが接続されていることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve such an object, a power storage device according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a secondary battery in which a plurality of secondary battery cells are connected in series and a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells in series or directly. An electric double layer capacitor connected in parallel, and between each of the terminals of the secondary battery cell, there is one electric double layer capacitor cell or a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells connected in parallel to each other. It is connected.

本発明によれば、大エネルギーを二次電池に蓄積することができるとともに大電力を電気二重層キャパシタから瞬時に取り出すことができる。さらに、電気二重層キャパシタセルの各々に二次電池セルからの均等の電圧を印加することができるので、各電気二重層キャパシタセルの電圧が均等になるように電気二重層キャパシタの充電を行うことができ、電気二重層キャパシタに電気エネルギーを効率よく蓄積することができる。そして、電気二重層キャパシタの充電のときに電圧のばらつきを補正するための回路を用いる必要がないため、蓄電装置の小型化を実現できる。   According to the present invention, a large amount of energy can be stored in a secondary battery, and a large amount of power can be instantaneously extracted from the electric double layer capacitor. Furthermore, since an equal voltage from the secondary battery cell can be applied to each electric double layer capacitor cell, the electric double layer capacitor is charged so that the voltage of each electric double layer capacitor cell becomes equal. Thus, electric energy can be efficiently stored in the electric double layer capacitor. Since it is not necessary to use a circuit for correcting the voltage variation when charging the electric double layer capacitor, the power storage device can be downsized.

第２の本発明に係る蓄電装置は、前記二次電池セルと該二次電池セルの両端子間に接続されている電気二重層キャパシタセルとの間に流れる電流を制限するための電流制限手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする。   A power storage device according to a second aspect of the present invention is a current limiting means for limiting a current flowing between the secondary battery cell and an electric double layer capacitor cell connected between both terminals of the secondary battery cell. Is further provided.

この構成によれば、二次電池セルと該二次電池セルの両端子間に接続されている電気二重層キャパシタセルとの間に流れる電流を制限することができるので、二次電池の大電流放電に起因する電圧変動を抑制することができる。したがって、蓄電装置の長寿命化を実現できる。   According to this configuration, since the current flowing between the secondary battery cell and the electric double layer capacitor cell connected between both terminals of the secondary battery cell can be limited, the large current of the secondary battery Voltage fluctuation caused by discharge can be suppressed. Therefore, the life of the power storage device can be extended.

第３の本発明に係る蓄電装置は、第１または第２の本発明に記載の装置であって、該蓄電装置は、第１の負荷と、該第１の負荷より駆動頻度が低くかつ駆動時の消費電力が大きい第２の負荷と、を駆動するための電力を供給可能であり、前記第１の負荷を駆動するための電力は前記二次電池から供給され、前記第２の負荷を駆動するための電力は前記電気二重層キャパシタから供給されることを特徴とする。   A power storage device according to a third aspect of the present invention is the device according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the power storage device has a first load and a drive frequency lower than that of the first load and is driven. Power for driving the second load having a large power consumption at the time, and the power for driving the first load is supplied from the secondary battery, and the second load is supplied to the second load. Electric power for driving is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor.

この構成によれば、駆動頻度が低いものの瞬時に大電力の供給を要求される負荷については、二次電池からではなく瞬時に大電力を取り出せる電気二重層キャパシタから電力が供給される。したがって、蓄電装置の長寿命化を実現できる。   According to this configuration, for a load that is driven less frequently but requires a large amount of power to be supplied instantaneously, the power is supplied from an electric double layer capacitor that can take out a large amount of power instantaneously rather than from a secondary battery. Therefore, the life of the power storage device can be extended.

以下、本発明の実施の形態（以下実施形態という）を、図面に従って説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る蓄電装置を含む動力出力装置の構成の概略を示す図である。本実施形態に係る蓄電装置は、二次電池Ｓ１００及び電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００を備えている。なお、本実施形態に係る蓄電装置の適用例としては、内燃機関１８を動力源として備えた車両に用いた例が挙げられる。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a power output device including a power storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The power storage device according to the present embodiment includes a secondary battery S100 and an electric double layer capacitor C100. As an application example of the power storage device according to the present embodiment, an example in which the power storage device is used in a vehicle including the internal combustion engine 18 as a power source can be given.

電気化学反応を用いて電気エネルギーを蓄積可能な二次電池Ｓ１００においては、複数の二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６が直列に接続されている。電気化学反応を用いずに電気エネルギーを蓄積可能な電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００においては、複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６が直列に接続されている。なお、二次電池Ｓ１００の端子ＴＭ１１７は接地されている。   In the secondary battery S100 that can store electrical energy using an electrochemical reaction, a plurality of secondary battery cells S101 to S106 are connected in series. In an electric double layer capacitor C100 capable of storing electric energy without using an electrochemical reaction, a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 are connected in series. Note that the terminal TM117 of the secondary battery S100 is grounded.

本実施形態においては、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６は、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６にそれぞれ対応して設けられており、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６の両端子間の各々にそれぞれ接続されている。なお、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６の耐電圧は、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６の定格電圧より高くなっている。二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６の定格電圧については、電極材料及び電解質により決まり、例えば鉛蓄電池の場合は約２Ｖとなる。   In the present embodiment, the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 are provided corresponding to the secondary battery cells S101 to S106, respectively, and are respectively connected between both terminals of the secondary battery cells S101 to S106. ing. In addition, the withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 is higher than the rated voltage of the secondary battery cells S101 to S106. The rated voltage of the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 is determined by the electrode material and the electrolyte. For example, in the case of a lead storage battery, it is about 2V.

二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６と電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６とをそれぞれ接続するための配線Ｌ１０１〜Ｌ１０６には、電流制限手段Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６がそれぞれ設けられている。ここでの電流制限手段Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６については、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６と電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６との間に流れる電流を制限するために設けられている。そして、電流制限手段Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６の具体的な構成の一例については、抵抗のみによって本発明の電流制限手段Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６を実現することができる。   Current limiting means R101 to R106 are respectively provided on the wirings L101 to L106 for connecting the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 and the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106, respectively. The current limiting means R101 to R106 here are provided to limit the current flowing between the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 and the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106. And about an example of the concrete structure of current limiting means R101-R106, current limiting means R101-R106 of this invention is realizable only by resistance.

動力出力用の内燃機関１８は、その出力軸に連結されている例えば車輪等の負荷（図示せず）に動力を出力可能である。また、内燃機関１８の運転時には、発電機１６が発電状態に駆動される。   The internal combustion engine 18 for power output can output power to a load (not shown) such as a wheel connected to the output shaft. Further, when the internal combustion engine 18 is operated, the generator 16 is driven to a power generation state.

二次電池Ｓ１００の両端子ＴＭ１１１，ＴＭ１１７間には、発電機１６がスイッチ３２を介して接続されている。スイッチ３２が導通状態（イグニッションのオン時）にあり発電機１６が発電状態に運転されているときは、発電機１６によって二次電池Ｓ１００の充電を行うことができる。   The generator 16 is connected via a switch 32 between both terminals TM111 and TM117 of the secondary battery S100. When the switch 32 is in a conductive state (when the ignition is on) and the generator 16 is operated in the power generation state, the secondary battery S100 can be charged by the generator 16.

電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６には、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６からの電圧がそれぞれ印加される。この二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６からの印加電圧によって、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６の充電をそれぞれ行うことができる。ただし、電流制限手段Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６によって二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６から電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６へ流れる電流は制限される。この電流制限手段Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６によって、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６の電圧変動が抑制される。   Voltages from the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 are applied to the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106, respectively. The electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 can be charged by the applied voltage from the secondary battery cells S101 to S106, respectively. However, the current flowing from the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 to the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 is limited by the current limiting means R101 to R106. Voltage fluctuations of the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 are suppressed by the current limiting means R101 to R106.

二次電池Ｓ１００の両端子ＴＭ１１１，ＴＭ１１７間には、さらに負荷２２がスイッチ３２を介して接続されている。二次電池Ｓ１００から供給される電力、あるいは二次電池Ｓ１００及び発電機１６から供給される電力によって負荷２２の駆動が可能である。ここでの負荷２２は、例えば空調装置、オーディオ、ランプ類、及び警告灯類等を含む車両電装品であり、スイッチ３２の導通時（イグニッションのオン時）には略常時駆動される負荷である。なお、電流制限手段Ｒ１０１によって電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００から負荷２２側へ流れる電流は制限される。   A load 22 is further connected via a switch 32 between both terminals TM111 and TM117 of the secondary battery S100. The load 22 can be driven by the power supplied from the secondary battery S100 or the power supplied from the secondary battery S100 and the generator 16. Here, the load 22 is a vehicle electrical component including, for example, an air conditioner, audio, lamps, warning lights, and the like, and is a load that is almost always driven when the switch 32 is turned on (when the ignition is on). . The current flowing from the electric double layer capacitor C100 to the load 22 side is limited by the current limiting means R101.

電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００の両端子ＴＭ１０１，ＴＭ１０７間には、電動機２０がスイッチ３４を介して接続されている。スイッチ３４の導通時に電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００から供給される電力によって電動機２０を駆動させることで、停止状態の内燃機関１８を始動させることができる。   The electric motor 20 is connected via a switch 34 between both terminals TM101 and TM107 of the electric double layer capacitor C100. The internal combustion engine 18 in a stopped state can be started by driving the electric motor 20 with electric power supplied from the electric double layer capacitor C100 when the switch 34 is turned on.

ここで、本実施形態の蓄電装置を備えた車両においては、停止時には内燃機関１８を一時的に停止させ、発進時にはスイッチ３４を導通させて電動機２０により内燃機関１８を再始動させる制御を行う。内燃機関１８の始動時には、瞬時に大電力が電動機２０によって消費されることになる。このように、ここでの電動機２０は、消費電力が大きくかつ瞬時的に駆動される負荷であり、負荷２２より駆動頻度が低くかつ駆動時の消費電力が大きくなる。   Here, in the vehicle including the power storage device of the present embodiment, the internal combustion engine 18 is temporarily stopped at the time of stop, and the switch 34 is turned on at the time of start so that the electric motor 20 restarts the internal combustion engine 18. When the internal combustion engine 18 is started, a large amount of electric power is instantaneously consumed by the electric motor 20. As described above, the electric motor 20 here is a load that consumes a large amount of power and is driven instantaneously, has a lower driving frequency than the load 22 and has a large power consumption during driving.

なお、図１では直列に接続された二次電池セルの数が６である場合を示しているが、直列に接続する二次電池セルの数については、複数の範囲で任意に設定することができる。   Although FIG. 1 shows a case where the number of secondary battery cells connected in series is 6, the number of secondary battery cells connected in series can be arbitrarily set in a plurality of ranges. it can.

次に、本実施形態に係る蓄電装置に用いられる電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００の構成の一例について説明する。   Next, an example of the configuration of the electric double layer capacitor C100 used in the power storage device according to the present embodiment will be described.

図２は、電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００の構成の概略を示す図であり、図２（Ａ）は上面から見た外観図を示し、図２（Ｂ）は側面から見た内部構造図を示す。電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００は、電気二重層が形成された複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６が直列接続されるように積層されて構成されている。   2A and 2B are diagrams schematically illustrating the configuration of the electric double layer capacitor C100, in which FIG. 2A shows an external view seen from the top, and FIG. 2B shows an internal structure seen from the side. The electric double layer capacitor C100 is formed by stacking a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 in which electric double layers are formed so as to be connected in series.

容量を形成する電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６の各々は、一対の分極性電極４２，４４及びセパレータ４６を含んでいる。一対の分極性電極４２，４４はセパレータ４６を介して対向配置されている。分極性電極４２，４４及びセパレータ４６には電解液が含浸されている。   Each of the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 forming a capacitor includes a pair of polarizable electrodes 42 and 44 and a separator 46. The pair of polarizable electrodes 42 and 44 are disposed to face each other with a separator 46 interposed therebetween. The polarizable electrodes 42 and 44 and the separator 46 are impregnated with an electrolytic solution.

電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６の各々は、集電極Ｅ１０１〜Ｅ１０７間に挟まれた状態で直列接続されるように積層されている。また、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６の各々は、パッキン４８によって外部に対して封止されている。パッキン４８はモールド用樹脂５０によって覆われている。   Each of the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 is stacked so as to be connected in series while being sandwiched between collector electrodes E101 to E107. In addition, each of electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 is sealed to the outside by packing 48. The packing 48 is covered with a molding resin 50.

本実施形態の電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００においては、集電極Ｅ１０１〜Ｅ１０７の各々が外部に露出している外部接続端子ＴＭ１０１〜ＴＭ１０７をそれぞれ有している。ここで、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０１は電流制限手段Ｒ１０１及びスイッチ３４に接続され、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０７は二次電池Ｓ１００の端子ＴＭ１１７及び電動機２０に接続される。そして、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０２〜ＴＭ１０６の各々は電流制限手段Ｒ１０２〜Ｒ１０６にそれぞれ接続される。なお、集電極Ｅ１０１〜Ｅ１０７の各々は互いに電気的に接続されていないため、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０１〜ＴＭ１０７の各々も互いに電気的に接続されていない。   In the electric double layer capacitor C100 of the present embodiment, the collector electrodes E101 to E107 each have external connection terminals TM101 to TM107 exposed to the outside. Here, the external connection terminal TM101 is connected to the current limiting means R101 and the switch 34, and the external connection terminal TM107 is connected to the terminal TM117 of the secondary battery S100 and the electric motor 20. External connection terminals TM102 to TM106 are connected to current limiting means R102 to R106, respectively. Since each of collector electrodes E101 to E107 is not electrically connected to each other, each of external connection terminals TM101 to TM107 is also not electrically connected to each other.

以上説明したように、本実施形態の蓄電装置によれば、例えば内燃機関１８の始動に用いられる電動機２０のように駆動頻度が低いものの瞬時に大電力の供給を要求される負荷については、瞬時に大電力を取り出せる電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００から電力が供給される。一方、例えば車両電装品のように瞬時に大電力の供給を必要としないものの略常時駆動される負荷２２については、大エネルギーを蓄積できる二次電池Ｓ１００から電力が供給される。このように、本実施形態においては、大エネルギーを二次電池Ｓ１００に蓄積することができるとともに大電力を電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００から瞬時に取り出すことができる。また、瞬時に大電力の供給を要求される負荷である電動機２０については、二次電池Ｓ１００からではなく電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００から電力が供給されるので、蓄電装置の長寿命化を実現できる。   As described above, according to the power storage device of the present embodiment, for example, an electric motor 20 used for starting the internal combustion engine 18 has a low drive frequency but a load that is required to supply a large amount of power instantaneously. Electric power is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor C100 that can take out large electric power. On the other hand, for example, the load 22 that does not need to be supplied with a large amount of power instantaneously like a vehicle electrical component but is driven almost constantly is supplied with power from the secondary battery S100 that can store a large amount of energy. Thus, in this embodiment, large energy can be stored in the secondary battery S100, and large power can be instantaneously taken out from the electric double layer capacitor C100. In addition, since the electric motor 20 that is a load that is instantaneously required to supply a large amount of power is supplied not from the secondary battery S100 but from the electric double layer capacitor C100, the life of the power storage device can be extended.

そして、電動機２０によって停止状態の内燃機関１８を始動させるときに、電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００から瞬時に大電力を供給することができるので、内燃機関１８の始動性を改善することができる。   And when starting the internal combustion engine 18 in a stopped state by the electric motor 20, since the large electric power can be instantaneously supplied from the electric double layer capacitor C100, the startability of the internal combustion engine 18 can be improved.

さらに、本実施形態によれば、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６は、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６の両端子間にそれぞれ接続されている。ここで、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６の定格電圧は、電極材料及び電解質により決まり、定格電圧より大きくなるように二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６を充電したとしても、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６内の電気化学反応に消費されるため、定格電圧より大きくなり難い。したがって、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６間に容量のばらつきがあっても、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６の各々に二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６からの均等の電圧を印加することができるので、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６間の電圧のばらつきを抑制することができる。したがって、電圧が均等になるように電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６の各々の充電を行うことができ、電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００に電気エネルギーを効率よく蓄積することができる。また、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６間の電圧のばらつきを補正するための回路を用いることなく、電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６の各々の電圧が均等になるように充電を行うことができるので、蓄電装置の小型化を実現できる。   Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 are respectively connected between both terminals of the secondary battery cells S101 to S106. Here, the rated voltage of the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 is determined by the electrode material and the electrolyte, and even if the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 are charged so as to be larger than the rated voltage, the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 Because it is consumed in the electrochemical reaction, it is difficult to exceed the rated voltage. Therefore, even if there is a variation in capacitance between the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106, an equal voltage from the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 can be applied to each of the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106. The variation in voltage between the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 can be suppressed. Therefore, each of the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 can be charged so that the voltages are equal, and electric energy can be efficiently stored in the electric double layer capacitor C100. Further, charging can be performed so that the respective voltages of the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 are equal without using a circuit for correcting the voltage variation between the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106. Therefore, the power storage device can be downsized.

また、本実施形態によれば、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６と電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６との間に流れる電流を制限する電流制限手段Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６が設けられている。この電流制限手段Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６によって、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６から電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６へ流れる電流を制限することができ、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６の大電流放電に起因する電圧変動を抑制することができる。したがって、蓄電装置の更なる長寿命化を実現できる。   Moreover, according to this embodiment, the current limiting means R101 to R106 for limiting the current flowing between the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 and the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 are provided. The current limiting means R101 to R106 can limit the current flowing from the secondary battery cells S101 to S106 to the electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106, and the voltage resulting from the large current discharge of the secondary battery cells S101 to S106. Variations can be suppressed. Therefore, the life of the power storage device can be further extended.

以上の説明においては、複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６が直列に接続されている電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００の場合について説明した。ただし、本発明に係る蓄電装置に用いられる電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００については、例えば図３に示すように、複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６が直並列に接続されていてもよい。図３に示す構成においては、二次電池セルＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０６の両端子間の各々には、互いに並列接続された複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６がそれぞれ接続されることになる。図３に示す構成のように、複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６を直並列に接続することにより、電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００の容量を増大させることができる。   In the above description, the case of the electric double layer capacitor C100 in which the plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 are connected in series has been described. However, for the electric double layer capacitor C100 used in the power storage device according to the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 may be connected in series and parallel. In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 connected in parallel to each other are respectively connected between both terminals of secondary battery cells S101 to S106. As shown in the configuration of FIG. 3, the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor C100 can be increased by connecting a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 in series and parallel.

図３に示すような複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルＣ１０１〜Ｃ１０６が直並列に接続されている電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００については、例えば図４に示す構成の電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００によって実現することができる。図４に示す構成においては、図２に示す構成の電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００が並列に複数接続されている。すなわち、電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００の各々について、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０１同士及び外部接続端子ＴＭ１０７同士がそれぞれ接続されている。そして、電気二重層キャパシタＣ１００の各々について、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０２同士、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０３同士、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０４同士、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０５同士、及び外部接続端子ＴＭ１０６同士もそれぞれ接続されている。なお、外部接続端子ＴＭ１０１〜ＴＭ１０７の接続先については図２に示す構成と同様であるため説明を省略する。   The electric double layer capacitor C100 in which a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells C101 to C106 as shown in FIG. 3 are connected in series and parallel can be realized by, for example, the electric double layer capacitor C100 having the configuration shown in FIG. . In the configuration shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of electric double layer capacitors C100 having the configuration shown in FIG. 2 are connected in parallel. That is, for each of the electric double layer capacitors C100, the external connection terminals TM101 and the external connection terminals TM107 are connected to each other. For each of the electric double layer capacitors C100, the external connection terminals TM102, the external connection terminals TM103, the external connection terminals TM104, the external connection terminals TM105, and the external connection terminals TM106 are also connected. The connection destinations of the external connection terminals TM101 to TM107 are the same as those shown in FIG.

以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明したが、本発明はこうした実施の形態に何等限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術思想を逸脱しない範囲内において、種々なる形態で実施し得ることは勿論である。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to such embodiment at all, and within the range which does not deviate from the technical idea of this invention, it can implement with a various form. Of course.

本発明の実施形態に係る蓄電装置を含む動力出力装置の構成の概略を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the motive power output device containing the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る蓄電装置に用いられる電気二重層キャパシタの構成の概略を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline of a structure of the electric double layer capacitor used for the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る蓄電装置を含む動力出力装置の他の構成の概略を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline of the other structure of the power output device containing the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る蓄電装置に用いられる電気二重層キャパシタの他の構成の概略を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline of the other structure of the electric double layer capacitor used for the electrical storage apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１６ 発電機、１８ 内燃機関、２０ 電動機、Ｃ１００ 電気二重層キャパシタ、Ｃ １０１〜Ｃ１０６ 電気二重層キャパシタセル、Ｒ１０１〜Ｒ１０６ 電流制限手段、Ｓ１００ 二次電池、Ｓ１０１〜Ｓ１０６ 二次電池セル。   16 generator, 18 internal combustion engine, 20 motor, C100 electric double layer capacitor, C 101-C106 electric double layer capacitor cell, R101-R106 current limiting means, S100 secondary battery, S101-S106 secondary battery cell.

Claims (3)

複数の二次電池セルが直列に接続されている二次電池と、
複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルが直列または直並列に接続されている電気二重層キャパシタと、
を備え、
前記二次電池セルの両端子間の各々には、１つの電気二重層キャパシタセルまたは互いに並列接続された複数の電気二重層キャパシタセルが接続されていることを特徴とする蓄電装置。 A secondary battery in which a plurality of secondary battery cells are connected in series;
An electric double layer capacitor in which a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells are connected in series or in series and parallel;
With
One electric double layer capacitor cell or a plurality of electric double layer capacitor cells connected in parallel to each other are connected between both terminals of the secondary battery cell. 請求項１に記載の蓄電装置であって、
前記二次電池セルと該二次電池セルの両端子間に接続されている電気二重層キャパシタセルとの間に流れる電流を制限するための電流制限手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする蓄電装置。 The power storage device according to claim 1,
A power storage device further comprising current limiting means for limiting a current flowing between the secondary battery cell and an electric double layer capacitor cell connected between both terminals of the secondary battery cell. 請求項１または２に記載の蓄電装置であって、
該蓄電装置は、第１の負荷と、該第１の負荷より駆動頻度が低くかつ駆動時の消費電力が大きい第２の負荷と、を駆動するための電力を供給可能であり、
前記第１の負荷を駆動するための電力は前記二次電池から供給され、前記第２の負荷を駆動するための電力は前記電気二重層キャパシタから供給されることを特徴とする蓄電装置。 The power storage device according to claim 1 or 2,
The power storage device can supply power for driving the first load and a second load that is driven less frequently than the first load and consumes a large amount of power during driving.
The power storage device, wherein power for driving the first load is supplied from the secondary battery, and power for driving the second load is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor.
JP2003310613A 2003-09-02 2003-09-02 Capacitor device Pending JP2005080470A (en)

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US9450232B2 (en) 2009-04-23 2016-09-20 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Process for producing negative plate for lead storage battery, and lead storage battery
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US9508493B2 (en) 2009-08-27 2016-11-29 The Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd. Hybrid negative plate for lead-acid storage battery and lead-acid storage battery
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