JP2004016207A - Method for producing royal jelly and the royal jelly - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide royal jelly having an excellent biologically activating effect, and to provide a method for collecting/preserving the royal jelly. <P>SOLUTION: A bee larva of two days old is transferred to a queen cell, the royal jelly is collected within a period of 48 hr after the larva is transferred, and immediately the collected royal jelly is rapidly purified by using a filtering device for which centrifugal force is utilized. The collected royal jelly is cooled and stored at about 2°C during a period less than 4 weeks after collected. The bee larva is cultured for collecting the royal jelly in such a circumstance that a uniform and good bee sources is obtainable and stresses on a bee cluster caused by other insects, bacterial infection, chemicals, and the like, are little. Apparatuses used in processes for producing the royal jelly are formed out of materials other than metals or out of a metal whose surface is coated with a coating film. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００３５】
上記表１に示されたように、本願発明によるローヤルゼリーは、生理活性成分である１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸の含量が２．５６％という高い値を達成していた。上記表の左側三列に示すように、現在市販されている一般のローヤルゼリーの１０−ヒドロキシデセン酸含有量は１．７〜２．２％であることから、これは顕著に高い活性成分含有量と言える。また同様に生理活性が認められているパントテン酸においても７．４１ｍｇ／１００ｍｇという高い含有量が測定された。
【００３６】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明に示すローヤルゼリー製造方法は、ローヤルゼリーの活性成分含量を顕著に高め、また品質の低下を防ぐために有用であり、この方法を用いて製造されたローヤルゼリーからは高い生理活性が得られる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to royal jelly and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Royal jelly is a food product collected from honeybees, and is a milky white paste-like substance secreted from the hypopharyngeal gland and the large gland by working bees 3 to 12 days old after emergence for larva rearing. After 3 days of hatching, larvae that become working bees are replaced with royal jelly and are fed with pollen and honey. Grows into a queen bee with the ability to lay eggs. The worker bee emerges and emerges 21 days after laying, while the queen bee emerges and emerges 15 days after laying.
[0003]
Currently, royal jelly is milked using an artificial royal platform developed by the late Tanji Inoue.
[0004]
First, in a bee colony with sufficient beekeeping, after separating the queen bee, place a nest frame in which 12 x 3 rows (beds) of artificial cups made of cup plastic with an inner diameter of about 1 cm are placed upside down in a nest box. Install. The larvae within 3 days after hatching are transferred from each worker's hive to each one (migratory).
[0005]
Here, from several days to 10 days after emergence, worker bees taking care of the larvae secrete royal jelly. In order to release good royal jelly, worker bees need to be fed a large amount of pollen in addition to honey.
[0006]
The royal stand is almost full 68 to 72 hours after the transfer, and is covered with beeswax. This is collected (milked) using a bamboo spatula or a vacuum pump, and temporarily stored in a plastic container or the like. .
[0007]
Royal jelly immediately after milk collection contains impurities such as larvae and larval excreta, worker bee wings, and beeswax fragments that formed the nest. Therefore, a purification step is performed to remove these. This work is performed manually by a method of filtering with a mesh filter cloth or the like, or manually in Japan using a small-sized extrusion-type filtration device.
[0008]
Incidentally components of royal jelly, water content of about 68%, protein 13%, carbohydrate 16%, about 4% lipid, other vitamin _{B 1,} vitamin _{B 2,} vitamin _{B 6,} nicotinic acid, folic acid, pantothenic acid, Biotin, inositol, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and the like. Royal jelly is also attracting attention in the medical community as being effective for lifestyle-related diseases, cancer, heart disease, stroke, and the like. According to recent research, royal jelly has many pharmacological effects, such as activation of immunity by acting on immune cells, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, removal of active oxygen, antibacterial and bactericidal effects, but no resistant bacteria are born. It is known to have.
[0009]
As a physiologically active ingredient of royal jelly, 10-hydroxydecenoic acid is known. The royal jelly by the conventional milking method contains about 1.7 to 2.2% of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid.
[0010]
However, most of the components of royal jelly are organic substances with large molecular weights, so they decompose and degrade when exposed to high temperatures of 8 ° C or higher, ultraviolet rays, acidic components such as carbon dioxide, or metals in the air. The activity is gradually impaired over time. In order to prevent such deterioration, the royal jelly collected is stored at a low temperature in a refrigerator or a freezer.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Larvae several days after hatching are used in the transfer, but honeybee larvae are very small and fragile, so it is easier to handle them if they are slightly larger. However, when the larva is large, the excreta mixed into the royal jelly increases, and the consumption by the larva increases.
[0012]
In addition, milk collection is currently performed 68-72 hours after migration, when the royal platform is full, in order to give priority to yield, but the adverse effects of the larvae described above and the decomposition and alteration of the components at room temperature are also caused. As the process progresses, the quality deteriorates even when the royal platform is full.
[0013]
It is desirable that the royal jelly collected from the royal platform be purified immediately at the site where beekeeping is performed in order to maintain the freshness of the royal jelly, and that the royal jelly be immediately transferred to low-temperature storage after purification. However, at the current beekeeping sites in China, power supply is not available or there is no refrigeration equipment. Collectively transported to an urban refinery. Royal jelly is frozen and stored at -18 ° C for the first time in a refinery, but when it reaches a unit volume of tons, it is thawed, mixed homogeneously with a metal stirrer, filtered and purified manually, and It is customary to freeze at 18 ° C. Freezing at −18 ° C. is effective for maintaining quality during long-term storage, but repeated freezing and thawing instead promotes the decomposition of proteins and the like. In addition, since royal jelly is in the form of a paste having a high viscosity and is very heavy, if it takes a long time to perform filtration and stirring due to clogging of the mesh, etc., the time required for exposure to the outside air is prolonged and the quality is impaired. Therefore, the labor is hard work, and this refining process causes further deterioration of quality.
[0014]
Incidentally, the factors that accelerate the deterioration of the quality of royal jelly are (1) contact with acidic components such as carbon dioxide in the air, (2) irradiation of ultraviolet rays, (3) high temperature of 8 ° C. or higher, and (4) (5) contact with an inorganic acid by contact, and the like.
[0015]
The diet that worker bees consume also has a significant effect on quality. Generally, sugar water is often used as a substitute for honey for maintaining bee colonies, but the activity of royal jelly in this case is much lower than when honey is given, and even when given to fertilized egg larvae, Not a queen bee. In an environment where beekeeping is conducted in this way, whether the source of honey can be sufficiently ensured, or whether the bee colony is stressed by harm from other insects or animals, bacterial infection, drugs, etc., is a major factor in the quality of royal jelly. Affect.
[0016]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a method for producing high-quality and high-purity royal jelly by adding various improvements to various processes of royal jelly production, and a method obtained by this method. Royal jelly is disclosed.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a method for producing royal jelly of the present invention will be described below.
[0018]
Claim 1 shows a general royal jelly milking process and a royal jelly production method which further includes performing the milking in 48 to 50 hours after the transfer and performing the purification step immediately after milking. The royal jelly is gradually secreted following the activity of the bees after being transferred, and accumulates on the platform. Beekeepers usually work on a 24-hour basis in accordance with the activity cycle of the bees, but in the 24-hour period after transfer, they have not yet accumulated enough to be able to collect milk, and this 24-hour milk, commonly called colostrum, is collected. Caterpillars do not grow on queen bees. Even 48 hours after transfer, the royal jelly can fill about 50% (about 250 mg) of the royal platform. In the prime season, when flowering conditions are the best, the yield significantly increases, but it still satisfies 80% of the king's stand 48 hours after transfer. Therefore, if milk is collected in a short time after the transfer, the yield will be lower than in the conventional method, and the work cycle will be shortened, resulting in an increase in the amount of work. In these respects, it is disadvantageous to shorten the time until milk collection, but since it shifts to the purification step and low-temperature storage state within a short time from secretion, the quality such as the content of bioactive components is higher than that of the conventional method. Notably improved. In addition, by installing a simple centrifugal filtration device near the bee field and shortening the time required for this step, the royal jelly is less likely to be exposed to room temperature, outside air, and ultraviolet rays.
[0019]
Claim 2 shows a method for producing royal jelly, further comprising using two-day-old larvae for transfer. Since the larvae are very small and fragile, it is difficult to handle the larvae as they move to the royal platform so that they do not hurt. , The quality of royal jelly can be improved.
[0020]
Further, a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing royal jelly, which further comprises storing the royal jelly immediately after purification in a dark place at a temperature of 0 to 4 ° C. The royal jelly is rapidly decomposed and deteriorated under a temperature condition of 8 ° C. or more, and its quality is deteriorated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays. On the other hand, when the cryopreservation is performed at a temperature below the freezing point, the components are decomposed by repeating thawing and re-freezing thereafter, and since 10-hydroxydecenoic acid has a property of not being thawed even after thawing, it is difficult to use as a physiologically active substance. Form. Therefore, if the storage period is about 4 weeks or less, refrigerated storage at a low temperature above freezing and avoiding ultraviolet rays is most effective for maintaining the activity.
[0021]
Claim 4 shows a method for producing royal jelly, which further comprises storing the purified royal jelly at a temperature of 2 ± 0.5 ° C. Of the temperature conditions described in claim 3, storage at about 2 ° C. in particular makes it possible to stably maintain the royal jelly's physiological activity.
[0022]
Further, in claim 5, the royal jelly production according to the present invention provides a beekeeping for royal jelly milking that a sufficiently large and uniform honey source can be obtained, and that pests other than honeybees, such as insects and mites, pathogens, pesticides, dust, etc. A method for producing royal jelly, which is performed in an isolated place where contamination such as scattering can be avoided, will be described. The royal jelly can be milked using various honey sources such as rapeseed, locust, vetch, buckwheat, etc. As a result, the quality of royal jelly secreted by honeybees is improved and stable. In addition, as a place where contamination by pathogenic bacteria, chemicals, and dust can be avoided, for example, an alpine area with little traffic and clean air can be considered. By performing beekeeping in such an environment, stress on the bee colony is reduced, and royal jelly of stable supply and quality can be collected.
[0023]
Further, in claim 6, the device used in the step of claim 1 is made of a material other than metal, such as bamboo, wood, resin, or even if it is made of metal, it is made of Teflon (registered trademark) or enamel. 1 shows a method for producing royal jelly, which is characterized by being coated. Since contact with metal causes a chemical change in the components of the royal jelly, deterioration of the royal jelly is prevented by avoiding exposure of the metal to the surface of a container used for milk collection, purification, stirring, a spatula, a purification device, and the like.
[0024]
Further, claim 7 discloses a royal jelly produced by the method according to claims 1 to 5 described above.
[0025]
Claim 8 discloses a royal jelly in which the content of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid as an active ingredient is 2.5% or more. The royal jelly production method improved as described above enables production of royal jelly having a high content of such a physiologically active ingredient.
[0026]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The royal jelly collected, purified and stored according to the method of the present invention was analyzed for physiologically active components.
[0027]
The royal jelly, which was used as an analytical sample, was manufactured at the Qingzhai Plateau in Qinghai Province, China. It is a high altitude of 3500 meters above sea level and has a vast and large rape blossom cluster, making it a good and uniform nectar source. In this area, other plants do not flower due to the cool climate, and there is little growth of insects and small animals other than honeybees.Because it is a basin in the alpine mountains, the arrival of insects and germs from the outside is extremely high. Few. In addition, since the air is clean because of the highlands, and pesticides and antibiotics are not used in the surrounding area, disease to bees and stress caused by drugs are avoided.
[0028]
Two-day-old larvae were used for the transfer, and one by one using a spatula made of bird wings on a plastic artificial pedestal with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 1.3 cm placed upside down. Transferred. The royal stands were arranged in two rows of 34 nests in a row, and the nests were placed in about 100 nest boxes where the queen bees were isolated.
[0029]
In this state, the nest box was covered, and the nest frame was taken out 48 hours before the transfer and milking was performed. First, the larva was taken out with tweezers so as not to hurt, and then the royal jelly was taken out from the royal stand using a brush or a bamboo spatula.
[0030]
Immediately after milk collection, purification was performed by installing a filtration and purification device provided with an enamel coating at the site of milk collection. The purified royal jelly was immediately transferred to a plastic container, and sealed with the container filled with the mouth. During storage, the temperature was kept at 2 ° C.
[0031]
【Example】
(Example)
The results of component analysis of the royal jelly obtained by the above method are shown below.
[0032]
The analysis was performed by commissioning the Japan Food Research Laboratories, and was performed using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). HPLC analysis conditions were as follows: column: Inertsil ODS-2 4.0 mm × 100 mm, column temperature 40 ° C., mobile phase: 10 mmol / L phosphate buffer-methanol 60:40 (V / V), flow rate 0.75 ml / min. At a detection wavelength of 210 nm.
[0033]
The content of the physiologically active ingredient in the royal jelly according to the conventional method and the present invention obtained by this analysis is shown below.
[0034]
[Table 1]

[0035]
As shown in Table 1, the royal jelly according to the present invention had a high content of 2.56% of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid as a physiologically active ingredient. As shown in the left three columns of the above table, the 10-hydroxydecenoic acid content of common royal jelly currently on the market is 1.7-2.2%, which means that the content of the active ingredient is remarkably high. It can be said. Similarly, a high content of 7.41 mg / 100 mg was measured for pantothenic acid, which was also recognized as having physiological activity.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the method for producing royal jelly according to the present invention significantly increases the active ingredient content of royal jelly, and is useful for preventing a decrease in quality.From the royal jelly produced using this method, high physiological activity is obtained. can get.

[0019]
Here, a method for producing royal jelly using 2-day-old larvae for transfer is shown. Since the larvae are very small and fragile, it is difficult to handle the larvae as they move to the royal platform so that they do not hurt. , The quality of royal jelly can be improved.

[0020]
Further, claim 2 shows a method for producing royal jelly further comprising storing the royal jelly immediately after purification in a dark place at a temperature of 0 to 4 ° C. The royal jelly is rapidly decomposed and deteriorated under a temperature condition of 8 ° C. or more, and its quality is deteriorated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays. On the other hand, when the cryopreservation is performed at a temperature below the freezing point, the components are decomposed by repeating thawing and re-freezing thereafter, and since 10-hydroxydecenoic acid has a property of not being thawed even after thawing, it is difficult to use as a physiologically active substance. Form. Therefore, if the storage period is about 4 weeks or less, refrigerated storage at a low temperature above freezing and avoiding ultraviolet rays is most effective for maintaining the activity.

[0021]
Claim 3 shows a method for producing royal jelly, which further comprises storing the purified royal jelly at a temperature of 2 ± 0.5 ° C. Among the temperature conditions described in claim 2 , storage at about 2 ° C. in particular makes it possible to stably maintain the physiological activity of royal jelly.

[0022]
Further, according to claim 4 , the royal jelly production according to the present invention provides a beekeeping for royal jelly milking, a sufficiently large and uniform honey source can be obtained, and insects other than honeybees, insect pests such as mites, pathogens, pesticides, and dust. A method for producing royal jelly, which is performed in an isolated place where contamination such as scattering can be avoided, will be described. The royal jelly can be milked using various honey sources such as rapeseed, locust, vetch, buckwheat, etc. As a result, the quality of royal jelly secreted by honeybees is improved and stable. In addition, as a place where contamination by pathogenic bacteria, chemicals, and dust can be avoided, for example, an alpine area with little traffic and clean air can be considered. By performing beekeeping in such an environment, stress on the bee colony is reduced, and royal jelly with stable supply and quality can be collected.

[0023]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the device used in the step of the first aspect is made of a material other than metal, such as bamboo, wood, resin, or even if it is made of metal, it is made of Teflon (registered trademark) or enamel. 1 shows a method for producing royal jelly, which is characterized by being coated. Since contact with metal causes a chemical change in the components of the royal jelly, deterioration of the royal jelly is prevented by avoiding exposure of the metal to the surface of a container used for milk collection, purification, stirring, a spatula, a purification device, and the like.

[0024]
Further, claim 6 discloses a royal jelly produced by the method according to claims 1 to 5 described above.

[0025]
Further, claim 7 discloses a royal jelly in which the content of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid as an active ingredient is 2.5% or more in raw royal jelly . The royal jelly production method improved as described above enables production of royal jelly having a high content of such a physiologically active ingredient.

[0025]
　 The method for producing royal jelly improved as described above enables the production of royal jelly in which the content of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid, which is a physiologically active ingredient, is 2.5% or more in raw royal jelly .

Claims (8)

A method for producing royal jelly, comprising performing the following steps.
(A) A step of setting a royal stand in a nest box where a queen bee is isolated and transferring larvae there.
(B) A step of placing a nesting box with a transferred nest on an appropriate honey source to cause worker bees to secrete royal jelly.
(C) a step of milking royal jelly secreted by the royal platform 48 to 50 hours after the transfer.
(D) a purification step of immediately separating and removing contaminants mixed in the royal jelly after milk collection. The royal jelly production method according to claim 1, wherein the step (a) further comprises using a larva 2 days (2 days old) after hatching for the transfer. The royal jelly production method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising storing the royal jelly immediately after being purified in the purification step in a dark place at 0 to 4 ° C for up to 4 weeks. The method for producing royal jelly according to claim 3, further comprising storing the composition under a temperature condition of 2 ± 0.5 ° C. The process described in the above (b) can be carried out using a honey source of a sufficient size for beekeeping, a low risk of bee colonies being harmed by pests such as mites or bacterial infection, a low level of dust in the air, and a clean pesticide. The method for producing royal jelly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising performing the treatment in an isolated area where the possibility of contamination by antibiotics and antibiotics is low. The device used in each of the above-mentioned steps (a) to (d) is made of a material other than metal so as to avoid contact between royal jelly and metal, or the surface is coated even with metal. The method for producing royal jelly according to claim 1, further comprising: A royal jelly collected and purified by the method according to claim 1. Royal jelly having a 10-hydroxydecenoic acid content of 2.5% or more.