JP2001261475A - Composting assistant and gelatinizing or solidifying method of compost raw material using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an assistant (a composting assisting material in common use as a moisture regulating material) which is extremely high in water absorption magnification and rapidly biologically degrades compost raw materials (the night soil of animals, garbage, or the like) and to provide a gelatinizing or solidifying method for allowing the flow property of the compost raw materials to be lost by absorbing the moisture included in the compost raw material. SOLUTION: This composting assistant consists of a polymer having biodegradability and water absorption properties. The gelatinizing or solidifying method consists in applying the composting assistant described above to the compost raw materials to allow the flow property of the compost raw materials to be lost by absorbing the moisture included in the compost raw material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composting aid and a method for gelling or solidifying a compost material using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of a polymer having biodegradability and water absorbability as a composting aid and a method for gelling or solidifying compost materials (animal manure, garbage, etc.) using the composting aid. It is.

[0002]

[Prior Art] Composting of livestock manure (composting)
In order to promote fermentation by microorganisms, a water conditioner is indispensable. In other words, composting is the production of compost, which is an organic fertilizer, by decomposing and changing the organic matter in the manure of animals such as humans, cows, and horses by microorganisms. Although essential for microorganisms, if the water content is too high, the air permeability deteriorates, so that the water content is usually adjusted to about 60 to 70%. Currently,
Sawdust, rice straw and the like are used as a material for the moisture adjustment. The water absorption ratio of the moisture adjustment material is about 1 to 5 times its own weight, which is extremely low, and the moisture generated from the low water absorption is low. The amount of compost increases due to the use of large amounts of conditioning materials (sawdust, rice straw, etc.), making it difficult to treat in the area. As a result, there is a problem in that the equipment becomes large and the treatment cost increases. In addition, since the amount of sawdust, rice straw, and the like used is large (for example, more than half of the amount of compost produced is the water conditioning material), there are problems that it takes a long time to compost, and it is difficult to produce fully-ripened compost. . Also, in general, high water content compost materials (eg, cow manure, garbage, etc., or a mixture of these with sawdust, rice straw, etc.) are very difficult to handle, and when transported by a belt conveyor or transported by a dump truck, etc. Compost raw materials having high water content spread horizontally in the form of a slurry, causing problems such as contamination of the surroundings due to runoff and scattering, or a reduction in transportation efficiency.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has been proposed as a water-conditioning material or a composting-promoting aid which is a composting aid. It is an extremely high-magnification material that has the advantages of not requiring a long time for composting, biodegrading in a short time, enabling downsizing of treatment facilities, and improving transportation efficiency. It is intended to provide a composting aid. Also, the present invention provides this composting aid,
A gel of a compost material that loses fluidity by absorbing a small amount of water in the compost material by applying (spraying, adding or mixing) it to a compost material such as manure or garbage of animals such as humans, cows and horses. It is intended to provide a solidification or solidification method.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has developed a biodegradable and highly water-absorbing composting aid, that is, a composting-promoting aid and moisture-regulating material for compost raw materials. As a result of various studies, the present inventors have found that a composting aid composed of a polymer having biodegradability and water absorbability can achieve the above object, and based on this finding, have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to the following composting aid and a method for gelling or solidifying a compost raw material using the same. (1) A composting aid comprising a polymer having biodegradability and water absorbability. (2) The composting aid according to the above (1), wherein the polymer having biodegradability and water absorbability is a crosslinked polyamino acid or crosslinked polysaccharide. (3) The composting aid according to the above (2), wherein the crosslinked polyamino acid is a crosslinked polyglutamic acid or crosslinked polyaspartic acid. (4) The composting aid according to the above (2), wherein the crosslinked polysaccharide is at least one selected from a crosslinked starch, a crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose and a crosslinked alginic acid. (5) Absorbing water contained in the compost material to lose fluidity by applying (dispersing, adding or mixing) a composting aid made of a polymer having biodegradability and water absorbency to the compost material. A method for gelling or solidifying a compost raw material, characterized in that: (6) The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to (5), wherein the polymer having biodegradability and water absorbability is a crosslinked polyamino acid or crosslinked polysaccharide. (7) The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to (6), wherein the crosslinked polyamino acid is a crosslinked polyglutamic acid or crosslinked polyaspartic acid. (8) The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to (6), wherein the crosslinked polysaccharide is at least one selected from a crosslinked starch, a crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose, and a crosslinked alginic acid. (9) The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to any one of the above (5) to (8), wherein the compost material is animal manure, garbage, or a mixture thereof. (10) The composting aid comprising the biodegradable and water-absorbing polymer described in (5) above is added to the compost raw material in an amount of 0.01.
The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to any one of the above (5) to (9), wherein the compost raw material is applied in an amount of 10 to 10% by weight. (11) The composting aid according to (5) has a water absorption capacity of 10
The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to any one of the above (5) to (10), which is 0 to 5000.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The biodegradable and water-absorbing polymers which are composting aids of the present invention include crosslinked polyamino acids such as crosslinked polyglutamic acid and crosslinked polyaspartic acid, and crosslinked starch. , Alginic acid cross-linked products, carboxymethyl cellulose cross-linked products and the like. A method for producing such a polymer having biodegradability and water absorption is already known. For example, the method for producing the crosslinked polyamino acid is described in JP-A-7-224163.
JP-A-7-309943, JP-A-7-30056
No. 3, JP-A-10-298282, etc., and the method for producing the crosslinked polysaccharide is described in US Pat.
No. 0716, but there is no description in these patents regarding use as a composting aid. The biodegradable and water-absorbing polymer, which is the composting aid of the present invention, is colorless and transparent, may be granulated in a predetermined shape, or may be irregularly crushed, spherical, or the like. Further, each of the crosslinked polyamino acid and the crosslinked polysaccharide may be used alone, or may be used as a mixture of two or more polymers.

The biodegradable and water-absorbing polymer used in the present invention has been shown to be biodegradable and therefore friendly to the global environment and non-toxic. Unlike a water-absorbing polymer that does not have biodegradability (eg, an acrylic acid-based water-absorbing resin), it is a material that is gentle to humans. Since the biodegradable and water-absorbing polymer used in the present invention is used as a composting aid, those having a large water absorption capacity are more advantageous. From this point, it is preferable to use a crosslinked polyamino acid rather than a crosslinked polysaccharide. Examples of the cross-linked polyamino acid include a cross-linked polyglutamic acid and a cross-linked polyaspartic acid, and the use of the former cross-linked polyglutamic acid has a higher water absorption capacity than the latter cross-linked polyaspartic acid. It is more preferable because it can be obtained.

The water absorption capacity of the composting aid is 100 to 5000.
Is preferable, and the range of 1000 to 3000 is more preferable. A polymer having a low water absorption capacity and a polymer having a high water absorption capacity can be appropriately mixed and used. Further, if necessary, an uncrosslinked polyamino acid may be mixed and used as an additive with the composting aid of the present invention. In the present invention,
"Water absorption capacity" means the weight (g) of water retained in the polymer when the polymer is swollen in a sufficient amount of water or an aqueous solution with respect to the polymer dry weight (g).
Means the ratio of

As described above, the first invention of the present invention is a composting aid composed of a polymer having biodegradability and water absorption, while the second invention is based on a polymer having biodegradability and water absorption. A method of gelling or solidifying a compost material, characterized in that a composting aid is applied (dispersed, added or mixed) to the compost material to absorb water contained in the compost material and lose fluidity. is there. The composting aid used in the second invention is the same as the composting aid comprising the polymer having biodegradability and water absorbency of the first invention. The compost material used in the second invention is animal manure, garbage or a mixture thereof. Specific examples of animal manure include:
Manure of humans, cows, horses, and the like can be mentioned, and specific examples of garbage include waste vegetables, vegetable waste, sewage, food residues with relatively high moisture, and beverage residue.

The amount of the biodegradable and water-absorbing polymer composting aid applied to gel or solidify the compost material is 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0 to 10% by weight, based on the compost material. 0.1 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight
2% by weight.

[0011]

As described above, the present invention is characterized by the use of a polymer having biodegradability and water absorption.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to Examples in which a cross-linked poly-γ-glutamic acid, which is one of the cross-linked polyamino acids that is the most preferable material in the present invention, is used as a composting aid. Is not limited to these examples.

Examples 1-3 (1) Production of composting aid and measurement of water absorption ratio Meiji γ-PGA (manufactured by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.) was used as poly-γ-glutamic acid. 2,
After dissolving in distilled water to a concentration of 5, 10% by weight and bubbling with nitrogen, 30 ml was placed in a plastic bag with a chuck (10 mm × 14 mm) and chucked. The sample bag was placed horizontally, and the electron beam was irradiated vertically by an electron beam irradiation apparatus so that the irradiation dose became 20 kGy. The obtained treated product was taken out of the sample bag and immersed in water at 4 ° C. for one week to remove uncrosslinked poly-γ-glutamic acid. The poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel swollen by absorbing water was filtered through an 80-mesh wire gauze and freeze-dried to obtain a cross-linked poly-γ-glutamic acid.
The water absorption capacity of this crosslinked product was measured. The water absorption capacity is
After immersing the polymer comprising the cross-linked poly-γ-glutamic acid in a large excess of distilled water to sufficiently swell, the weight (wet weight) after draining with a 80-mesh wire gauze is measured, and the water absorption weight (from the wet weight) (Amount obtained by subtracting the dry weight) from the dry weight. The water absorption capacity of the crosslinked poly-γ-glutamic acid (composting aid) obtained in Examples 1 to 3 was as follows. Poly-γ-glutamic acid concentration water absorption ratio Example 1 2% by weight 700 Example 2 5% by weight 1500 Example 3 10% by weight 3100

Example 4 Using the raw materials and the production methods used in Examples 1 to 3, a water absorption ratio of 700, a water absorption ratio of 1500 and a water absorption ratio of 3100 were used.
Of poly-γ-glutamic acid was prepared. The absorption capacity of the obtained cross-linked poly-γ-glutamic acid (composting aid) for various samples (composting raw materials) was examined. For the absorption capacity, various samples (sample 1 was cow urine,
Sample 2 was human urine, and Sample 3 was garbage liquid (carrot squeezed juice)].
0.05 g of the crosslinked poly-γ-glutamic acid of 0.1500 and 3100 was added, and 10 minutes after the addition, the state of each sample was examined. As a result, all of samples 1 to 3 were solidified (9 test tubes in total, all).

Example 5 Using the raw materials and the production method used in Example 3, the water absorption ratio was 3
100 crosslinked poly-γ-glutamic acids were produced, and a biodegradability test was performed using this polymer. That is,
700 g of compost (microorganism source of Yawata Bussan Co., Ltd.), 530 g of washed sea sand (25-35 mesh) and 170 g of water
g of the mixture, and 220 g of water were further added to adjust the water content to 60 to 65%. Next, the adjusted compost composition 4
Of poly-γ- having a water absorption ratio of 3100.
The glutamic acid cross-linked product is thoroughly stirred in 10 g portions, and put into one reaction tube. As a sample, in addition to a crosslinked product of poly-γ-glutamic acid (abbreviation: PGA), an uncrosslinked PGA was also used as a sample. As a test device, "Microbial oxidative decomposition measurement device (M
ODA) "(released by Yawata Bussan Co., Ltd.). A heater was wound around the reaction tube of this apparatus and set at 35 ° C. to carry out the reaction, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated was measured. The decomposition rate of the uncrosslinked PGA and the crosslinked PGA was measured from the amount of carbon dioxide generated according to the conventional method of the above measuring apparatus. The results were as follows. Decomposition rate (%) Day 0 15 9 15 19 Uncrosslinked PGA 0 2.4 22.8 58.9 77.1 81.4 PGA crosslinked 0 0.4 32.1 61.0 78.1 83.5

Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 Using the raw materials and the production method used in Example 2, a crosslinked poly-γ-glutamic acid (crosslinked PGA) having a water absorption capacity of 1500 was produced. The obtained crosslinked PGA was used as a working sample, sawdust and rice straw were used as comparative samples, and these three samples were buried in humus and allowed to stand. When excavated one month after standing, the crosslinked PGA was decomposed and disappeared, but sawdust and rice straw were not decomposed.

Example 7 and Comparative Example 2 10 kg of a crosslinked poly-γ-glutamic acid having a water absorption capacity of 1500 was produced by using the raw materials and the production method used in Example 2 and increasing the scale. Next, the obtained poly-γ
10 kg of the crosslinked glutamic acid (water absorption ratio: 1500) was mixed with 2 tons of bovine manure in a slurry state, and this mixture was used as a working sample and allowed to stand in the open air at -15 ° C to + 5 ° C. Immediately after standing, with or without solidification, and after standing for 10 days,
The surface state of the manure slurry, the internal temperature of the manure mixture at −5 ° C. (outside air temperature), and the growth state of microorganisms were evaluated. As a comparative sample, poly-γ-
The same evaluation was carried out for the sample without the addition of the crosslinked glutamic acid, that is, the sample using only 2 tons of cattle excrement in a slurry state. The evaluation results were as shown below. Evaluation items carried organic- No Yes (hardened) Sample Comparative Sample solidified No (urine outflow) frozen and the surface state -5 ° C. is flexible manure slurry (outside air temperature) 27 ° C. 3 ° C. during manure Internal temperature Microbial growth status Proliferation is observed No growth is observed

[0017]

The composting aid of the present invention is excellent in water absorption, and is much higher than conventional moisture control materials such as sawdust and rice straw (the water absorption ratio is 1 to 5 times). It has a water absorption capacity and is excellent in biodegradability (for example, it disintegrates in a short time in soil), so it is much more advantageous than sawdust, rice straw, etc., which contain a lot of cellulose and lignin and have a long composting period. Material. When the composting aid of the present invention is applied to a compost raw material, it absorbs the moisture contained in the compost raw material, loses the fluidity of the compost raw material, and is gelled or solidified. It is not a slurry, so it is prevented from scattering. It can be piled high in a compost house, etc., making it possible to reduce the size of the equipment. The amount of compost generated by using sawdust, rice straw, etc. is reduced by half. Has the effect of

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Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A composting aid comprising a biodegradable and water-absorbing polymer. 2. The polymer having biodegradability and water absorbability is a cross-linked polyamino acid or cross-linked polysaccharide.
A composting aid as described. 3. The crosslinked polyamino acid is a crosslinked polyglutamic acid or a crosslinked polyaspartic acid.
A composting aid as described. 4. The composting aid according to claim 2, wherein the crosslinked polysaccharide is at least one selected from a crosslinked starch, a crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose and a crosslinked alginic acid. 5. A compost characterized in that a composting aid comprising a biodegradable and water-absorbing polymer is applied to a compost raw material to absorb water contained in the compost raw material and lose fluidity. A method for gelling or solidifying raw materials. 6. The polymer having biodegradability and water absorbability is a cross-linked polyamino acid or cross-linked polysaccharide.
The method for gelling or solidifying the compost material according to the above. 7. The crosslinked polyamino acid is a crosslinked polyglutamic acid or crosslinked polyaspartic acid.
The method for gelling or solidifying the compost material according to the above. 8. The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to claim 6, wherein the crosslinked polysaccharide is at least one selected from a crosslinked starch, a crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose and a crosslinked alginic acid. 9. The method for gelling or solidifying a compost raw material according to claim 5, wherein the compost raw material is animal manure, garbage, or a mixture thereof. 10. A composting aid comprising the biodegradable and water-absorbing polymer according to claim 5 with respect to a compost raw material.
The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the composting material is applied in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight. 11. The method for gelling or solidifying a compost material according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the composting aid according to claim 5 has a water absorption ratio of 100 to 5000.