GB2272969A - Thermal storage device - Google Patents
Thermal storage device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2272969A GB2272969A GB9222106A GB9222106A GB2272969A GB 2272969 A GB2272969 A GB 2272969A GB 9222106 A GB9222106 A GB 9222106A GB 9222106 A GB9222106 A GB 9222106A GB 2272969 A GB2272969 A GB 2272969A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- phase change
- pcm
- resilient material
- sheet
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- BDKLKNJTMLIAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2OC=C(C=O)N=2)=C1 BDKLKNJTMLIAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940087562 sodium acetate trihydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002135 phase contrast microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUDYPQRUOYEARG-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);dihydroxide;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] ZUDYPQRUOYEARG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZWGHDYJGOMEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VZWGHDYJGOMEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate sodium acetate trihydrate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0004—Use of compounding ingredients, the chemical constitution of which is unknown, broadly defined, or irrelevant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/002—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release using electrical energy supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2383/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2383/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A thermal storage heater employing phase change material (PCM) as the storage material. A mass of this material, which crystallises as the temperature falls to give out heat of crystallisation, is contained in a housing on one interior face of which a sheet or slab of foamed silicone rubber is fitted. Electric elements supply heat to the PCM during a low price period and the heat is given out during a high price period. As the PCM passes through its phase change it increases in volume in assuming the crystalline phase. This volume increase is accommodated by the resilient silicone rubber. The sheet of silicone rubber may be separated from the PCM by a sheet of metal. <IMAGE>
Description
Thermal Storage Device
This invention relates to thermal storage devices for domestic and other environments where space heating is required. Heat storage devices employing so called 'phase change materials1 are known in which advantage is taken of that property of the phase change material (PCM) whereby, as the material cools, it crystallises and gives out heat. This heat of phase change is in addition to its conventional heat storage properties in each of its two phases. Some known PCMs are:
sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate
sodium acetate trihydrate, barium
hydroxide octahydrate
While the material is crystalline in its lower temperature state it is in the form of a semi-solid pasty mass in its higher temperature state.One disadvantage of PCMs as heat storage materials is their change of volume occurring with the phase change, and to a lesser extent, in each of their two phase states as well.
The present invention is directed to accommodating this volume change in a novel and advantageous manner.
According to the present invention, a thermal storage device comprises a housing containing a phase change material in bulk, the housing also containing a resilient material which is adapted to contract and expand to accommodate expansion and contraction of the phase change material.
The resilient material may be in the form of a sheet or slab. The housing may be rectangular and the resilient material may then extend over one internal wall of the housing.
A metal sheet may separate the resilient material from the phase change material.
The resilient material may have at least one surface shaped to reduce the stiffness in a direction normal to said surface.
Alternatively the resilient material may be formed to entrap pockets of air to increase its thermal insulation.
The phase change material may be, for example, sodium acetate trihydrate and the resilient material may be foamed silicone rubber.
A thermal storage device in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the device, partly broken away;
and Figure 2 is a plan view in the plane II-II of Figure 1.
The storage heater comprises a sheet metal housing 1 of rectangular form the interior of which is divided into two sections by a sheet metal partition 3. The major section of the enclosure is filled with a phase change material 5, eg sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate or sodium acetate trihydrate. The minor section, which occupies the rear of the enclosure, is filled with a sheet or slab of foamed silicone rubber 7 to which the sheet metal partition 3, is bonded. The partition 3 so mounted on the silicone rubber sheet may be left 'floating', ie un-anchored, within the housing 1.
Alternatively it may be fixed along one edge to the housing 1 to allow movement transverse to its surface over most of the surface.
The basic purpose of the partition 3 is to separate the
PCM 5 from the resilient material 7 where there may be some chemical interaction between the PCM and the material 7. Superior resilient materials such as foamed silicone rubber are less likely to interact with the PCM and in such cases the partition may be omitted and the
PCM allowed to bear directly on the resilient material.
In an alternative arrangement the partition 3 may be of metal foil bonded to the material 7 and effectively carried by it.
The sheet of resilient material 7 typically has high thermal resistance and provides good insulation between the hot PMC and the rear surface 2 of the housing 1. This factor is of considerable value where the storage heater is to be operated in a situation where it backs on to a wall and the wall, or wall surface, is vulnerable to heat.
The sheet of resilient material can be formed or shaped in such manner as to enhance this protection. It may for example be corrugated or indented so as to trap air in pockets against the interior of the rear wall 2 of the housing or against the partition sheet 3. Alternatively the sheet, which inherently contains air or gas bubbles of sizes between zero and something of the order of a millimetre, may be formed with bore holes moulded into it.
The arrangement in which the PCM bears directly, or by means of a flexible membrane, on the resilient material 3, and without the intervening metal sheet has an advantage in that, if the phase change in the bulk material 5 does not occur uniformly throughout its mass the expansion/contraction will also not be uniform and the absence of a pressure-spreading metal sheet will allow the resilient material 7 to make local accommodation.
Towards the base of the storage heater, electric elements 9 are fitted to the housing 1 to project into the bulk of PCM 5.
Towards the top of the storage heater a thermostat is fitted at one side (from location 11 on the housing) and a cut-out (not shown) in the corresponding position on the other side, the thermostat and cut-out extending towards each other.
In operation, the elements 9 are energised during a 'cheap' period in the day. As the bulk of PCM heats up it reaches its phase change temperature and changes phase from crystalline structure to an amorphous pasty mass without a significant rise in temperature. This physical change is accompanied by a reduction in volume which may be considerable.
At this point the foamed silicone rubber, which was compressed below the phase change, returns to or towards its natural volume. With further heat input the mass 5 absorbs and stores further heat while expanding slowly. Heat input is limited by the thermostat, and if necessary by the cut-out, the heat content of the bulk PCM being topped up throughout the 'on' period.
During the 'supply-off' period the bulk PCM loses heat to its environment through the front surface the sides and the top, but to a very much smaller extent through the sheet of silicone rubber 7 on the rear surface. As mentioned above, any wall against which the heater is positioned is not then subjected to any significant amount of heat.
At the peak temperature of the bulk PCM its volume will be such as to compress the silicone rubber 7 moderately, bu way of the metal sheet 3. As the temperature falls, the volume decreases slightly until at the crystallisation temperature the bulk of PCM paste crystallises and undergoes a significant increase in volume. It is at this point that the silicone rubber takes full effect. It is compressed by the partition sheet 3 or by the direct pressure of the
PCM on it, the gas bubbles in the silicone rubber foam permitting compression of the foam with little resistance. Distortion of the housing 1 is thus avoided.
The crystallised PCM continues to lose heat until its temperature falls to that of the environment.
A very efficient thermal storage heater is thus provided and which is not subject to distortion of the body.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal storage device comprising a housing containing a phase change material in bulk, the housing also containing a resilient material which is adapted to contract and expand to accommodate expansion and contraction of the phase change material.
2. A device according to Claim 1, wherein said resilient material is in the form of a sheet or slab.
3. A device according to Claim 2, wherein said housing is rectangular and the resilient material extends over one internal wall of the housing.
4. A device according to Claim 3, wherein a metal sheet separates the resilient material from the phase change material.
5. A device according to any of Claims 2, 3 and 4, wherein said resilient material has at least one surface shaped to reduce the stiffness in a direction normal to said surface.
6. A device according to any of Claims 2 to 5, wherein said resilient material is formed to entrap pockets of air to increase its thermal insulation.
7. A device according to any preceding claim, wherein said phase change material is sodium acetate trihydrate
8. A device according to any preceding claim wherein said resilient material is foamed silicone rubber.
9. A thermal storage device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9222106A GB2272969A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Thermal storage device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9222106A GB2272969A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Thermal storage device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9222106D0 GB9222106D0 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
| GB2272969A true GB2272969A (en) | 1994-06-01 |
Family
ID=10723811
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9222106A Withdrawn GB2272969A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Thermal storage device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2272969A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5805766A (en) * | 1996-07-07 | 1998-09-08 | Wang; Chi-Tu | Heat releasing bag with sodium acetate solution and electric heating element producing infrared radiation |
| US5999699A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1999-12-07 | Vesture Corporation | Thermal retention device with outer covering receiving a warmer and food to be heated |
| US6121578A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2000-09-19 | Vesture Corporation | Wrap heater and method for heating food product |
| US6353208B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2002-03-05 | Vesture Corporation | Apparatus and method for heated food delivery |
| US6392201B1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2002-05-21 | Vesture Corporation | Catering apparatus and method for delivering heated food product |
| US6433313B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2002-08-13 | Vesture Corporation | Apparatus and method for heated food delivery |
| US6555799B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2003-04-29 | Vesture Corporation | Apparatus and method for heated food delivery |
| US6936791B1 (en) | 1996-09-06 | 2005-08-30 | Vesture Acquisition Corporation | Thermal storage and transport |
| US20130255602A1 (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Flexible heat accumulator for engine coolant |
| CN103925822A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heat exchanging device based on phase-change heat storage material and packaging method thereof |
| WO2014195512A1 (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-11 | Société Muller & Cie | Heating appliance comprising a phase-change material |
| FR3024215A1 (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-29 | Muller & Cie Ets M | SEASONAL THERMOELECTRIC STORAGE DEVICE AND HEATING APPARATUS EMPLOYING SUCH A DEVICE |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1538533A (en) * | 1975-04-28 | 1979-01-24 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Heat store |
| US4504402A (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1985-03-12 | Pennwalt Corporation | Encapsulated phase change thermal energy _storage materials |
-
1992
- 1992-10-21 GB GB9222106A patent/GB2272969A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1538533A (en) * | 1975-04-28 | 1979-01-24 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Heat store |
| US4504402A (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1985-03-12 | Pennwalt Corporation | Encapsulated phase change thermal energy _storage materials |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5999699A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1999-12-07 | Vesture Corporation | Thermal retention device with outer covering receiving a warmer and food to be heated |
| US5805766A (en) * | 1996-07-07 | 1998-09-08 | Wang; Chi-Tu | Heat releasing bag with sodium acetate solution and electric heating element producing infrared radiation |
| US6936791B1 (en) | 1996-09-06 | 2005-08-30 | Vesture Acquisition Corporation | Thermal storage and transport |
| US6121578A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2000-09-19 | Vesture Corporation | Wrap heater and method for heating food product |
| US6300599B1 (en) | 1998-03-17 | 2001-10-09 | Vesture Corporation | Wrap heater and method for heating food product |
| US6353208B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2002-03-05 | Vesture Corporation | Apparatus and method for heated food delivery |
| US6433313B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2002-08-13 | Vesture Corporation | Apparatus and method for heated food delivery |
| US6486443B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2002-11-26 | Vesture Corporation | Apparatus and method for heated food delivery |
| US6555789B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2003-04-29 | Vesture Corporation | Apparatus and method for heated food delivery |
| US6555799B2 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2003-04-29 | Vesture Corporation | Apparatus and method for heated food delivery |
| US6392201B1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2002-05-21 | Vesture Corporation | Catering apparatus and method for delivering heated food product |
| US20130255602A1 (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Flexible heat accumulator for engine coolant |
| US9074826B2 (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2015-07-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Flexible heat accumulator for engine coolant |
| WO2014195512A1 (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-11 | Société Muller & Cie | Heating appliance comprising a phase-change material |
| FR3006750A1 (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-12 | Muller & Cie Soc | HEATING APPARATUS COMPRISING PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL |
| CN105393062A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2016-03-09 | 米乐公司 | Heating appliance comprising a phase-change material |
| JP2016520791A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2016-07-14 | ソシエテ ミューラー アンド シーアイーイー | Heater made of phase change material |
| RU2684040C2 (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2019-04-03 | Сосьете Мюллер Э Си | Heating device containing material with phase change |
| CN103925822A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heat exchanging device based on phase-change heat storage material and packaging method thereof |
| CN103925822B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-12-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of heat-exchange device based on phase-change heat-storage material and method for packing thereof |
| FR3024215A1 (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-29 | Muller & Cie Ets M | SEASONAL THERMOELECTRIC STORAGE DEVICE AND HEATING APPARATUS EMPLOYING SUCH A DEVICE |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9222106D0 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |