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GB1590435A - Sleeve or lapped joints in purlin assemblies - Google Patents

Sleeve or lapped joints in purlin assemblies Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1590435A
GB1590435A GB3136876A GB3136876A GB1590435A GB 1590435 A GB1590435 A GB 1590435A GB 3136876 A GB3136876 A GB 3136876A GB 3136876 A GB3136876 A GB 3136876A GB 1590435 A GB1590435 A GB 1590435A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
web
purlin
length
flange
family
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB3136876A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
T I METSEC Ltd
Original Assignee
T I METSEC Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by T I METSEC Ltd filed Critical T I METSEC Ltd
Priority to GB3136876A priority Critical patent/GB1590435A/en
Priority to IN58/CAL/78A priority patent/IN148953B/en
Priority to IN59/CAL/78A priority patent/IN148954B/en
Publication of GB1590435A publication Critical patent/GB1590435A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/022—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of a plurality of parallel similar trusses or portal frames
    • E04B7/024—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of a plurality of parallel similar trusses or portal frames the trusses or frames supporting load-bearing purlins, e.g. braced purlins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
    • E04D12/004—Battens
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0482—Z- or S-shaped

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Description

(54) SLEEVED OR LAPPED JOINTS IN PURLIN ASSEMBLIES (71) We, T.1. METSEC LIMITED, a British Company, of Birmingham Road, Oldbury, Warley, West Midlands, B69 4HE, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a Patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to structural beams such as purlins and has as its object the provision of an improved structural beam which facilitates the joining of two similar beams together in an end-to-end relationship.
According to one aspect ot the present invention thcre is provided a structural beam of substantially constant cross-section along its length which is formed with a generally flat web and a pair of integral flanges which project respectively in opposite directions from the two longitudinal edges of the web, the web having at least one pair of fastening holes having axes which extend in directions perpendicular to the plane of the web and which are positioned so that the distance of the axis of one of said holes from the edge between the web and the outer surface of the adjacent flange measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam is greater, by the thickness of material forming the flanges, than the distance between the axis of the other hole from the edge between the web and the outer surface of the other flange, measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam, the longitudinal free edge of each flange having a lip extending on the same side of the flange as the web and the flanges being of different widths arranged so that two similar beams can be assembled together in an overlapping, nesting relationship by turning or inverting one beam by 180 about its longitudinal axis relative to the other beam.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a family of structural beams each formed as above described and having cross-sections of similar proportions but of different sizes, each of said fastening holes being positioned so that the ratio of the distance between the axis of the hole and the edge between the web and the outer surface of the nearer flange measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam to the overall depth of the beam cross-section measured across the web in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam is between 0.16 and 0.31 and in which the distance between the axis of the corresponding hole in each beam of the family and the edge between the web and the outer surface of the nearer flange measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam is the same for each member of the family of teams.
The flanges are advantageously arranged to extend at right angles to the web and may form with the web a generally Z-shaped cross-section.
The invention is now more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view showing two purlins which each represent an example of a structural beam in accordance with the invention, the purlins being connected together by an overlapping joint, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a perspective view showing two purlins which represent further examples of a structural beam in accordance with the invention, the purlins being connected together by means of a sleeve.
As shown in the drawings a long structural beam, of constant cross-section along its length, such as a purlin 10, is formed with a generally flat web 12, and with integral wide and narrow flanges 14, 16 projecting respectively in opposite directions at right an les to the web 12 from the two longitudinal edges thereof. The flanges 14, 16 have returned edges or lips 18 (extending on the same side of the associated flange as the web) for structural stability. Such a purlin, therefore, has a generally Z-shaped cross-section, and is conveniently made by a roll-forming process from sheet steel strip.
Figures 1 and 2 show one convenient arrangement for joining two lengths of such purlins 10, of the same cross-section, in an end-to-end relationship. Thus one length of purlin 10 is rotated through 1800 about its longitudinal axis, relative to the other length opurlin, so that the narrow flange 16 of each length can be nested within the wider flanges 14 of the other length with the two purlin lengths in an overlapping relation.
The two lengths of purlin 10 are then fastened together by rivets, bolts and nuts, or the like, fastened through at least one pair and preferably two pairs of aligned holes 20, 22 in the two webs 12, each hole having an axis which is perpendicular to the plane of the associated web as seen in Figure 2. It is preferable to dnll or punch the holes 20, 22 during or at the end of the process of forming the purlins 10, rather than after assembling them together on site. To ensure alignment of the holes 20, 22 after assembly however, the distance of the axis of the hole 22 in each web from the edge between the web and the outer surface of the wider flange 14 of the associated purlin in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam (a in Figure 2) is equal to the distance of the axis of the hole 20 in each web from the edge between the web and the outer surface of the associated narrower flange 16 in direction perpendicular to the length of the beam (b in Figure 2) plus the material thickness t of the wider flange 14, i.e. a = b + t, within normal tolerances of machining, assembly and fastening.
Instead of the flanges 14, 16 being at right angles to the web 12, they could be inclined thereto or be of curved form provided that one flange of one purlin can nest in the other flange of the other purlin and the webs 12 can overlie each other when two adjacent purlins are lap-jointed.
Figure 3 shows an alternative joint in which two purlins 10 are joined in a butted end-to-end alignment by use of a sleeve 24. In this case the two purlins are not inverted relative to each other and the joint consists essentially of two lapped joints which are each formed as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and in which the sleeve 24 comprises a short length of purlin section which is itself inverted through 1800 relative to the two purlins 10.
Thus by forming said holes 20, 22 in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of each purlin 10 and of the sleeve 24 (i.e. in the webs of the purlins and sleeve) and in accordance with the aforesaid relationship a = b + t, lengths of purlin 10 can be joined optionally by lap or sleeve joints without further holes, and moreover the hole pattern on the sleeve 24 is the same as on the purlin ends.
For production convenience and also for structural strength and stability reasons, where it is desired to produce a family of purlin designs of different cross-sectional dimensions but of similar proportions, it is advantageous to use constant values for the dimensions a and b for the family. provided that variations of thickness t throughout the family still produce holes which are within normal tolerances of position.
Dimensions related to Figure 2 for one family of purlin cross-sections are shown in the following table.
Purlin Type Dimensions, mm.
a b c d e t (alternatives) a b c c A 44 42 142 54 49 1.5-1.6-1.8 .310 .296 B 44 42 172 65 60 1.5-1.6-1.8 .256 .244 C 44 42 202 65 60 1.6-1.9-2.1-2.4 .218 .208 D 44 42 232 76 69 1.9-2.4-2.9 .190 .181 E 44 42 262 80 72 2.4-2.9 .168 .160 Thus, the ratios a/c and b/c for a family of beams as above specified together fall within a range of 0.16 - 0.31.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A structural beam of substantially constant cross-section along its length which is formed with a generally flat web and a pair of integral flanges which project respectively in opposite directions from the two longitudinal edges of the web, the web having at least one pair of fastening holes having axes which extend in directions perpendicular to the plane of the web and which are positioned so that the distance of the axis of one of said holes from
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (5)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. and narrow flanges 14, 16 projecting respectively in opposite directions at right an les to the web 12 from the two longitudinal edges thereof. The flanges 14, 16 have returned edges or lips 18 (extending on the same side of the associated flange as the web) for structural stability. Such a purlin, therefore, has a generally Z-shaped cross-section, and is conveniently made by a roll-forming process from sheet steel strip. Figures 1 and 2 show one convenient arrangement for joining two lengths of such purlins 10, of the same cross-section, in an end-to-end relationship. Thus one length of purlin 10 is rotated through 1800 about its longitudinal axis, relative to the other length opurlin, so that the narrow flange 16 of each length can be nested within the wider flanges 14 of the other length with the two purlin lengths in an overlapping relation. The two lengths of purlin 10 are then fastened together by rivets, bolts and nuts, or the like, fastened through at least one pair and preferably two pairs of aligned holes 20, 22 in the two webs 12, each hole having an axis which is perpendicular to the plane of the associated web as seen in Figure 2. It is preferable to dnll or punch the holes 20, 22 during or at the end of the process of forming the purlins 10, rather than after assembling them together on site. To ensure alignment of the holes 20, 22 after assembly however, the distance of the axis of the hole 22 in each web from the edge between the web and the outer surface of the wider flange 14 of the associated purlin in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam (a in Figure 2) is equal to the distance of the axis of the hole 20 in each web from the edge between the web and the outer surface of the associated narrower flange 16 in direction perpendicular to the length of the beam (b in Figure 2) plus the material thickness t of the wider flange 14, i.e. a = b + t, within normal tolerances of machining, assembly and fastening. Instead of the flanges 14, 16 being at right angles to the web 12, they could be inclined thereto or be of curved form provided that one flange of one purlin can nest in the other flange of the other purlin and the webs 12 can overlie each other when two adjacent purlins are lap-jointed. Figure 3 shows an alternative joint in which two purlins 10 are joined in a butted end-to-end alignment by use of a sleeve 24. In this case the two purlins are not inverted relative to each other and the joint consists essentially of two lapped joints which are each formed as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and in which the sleeve 24 comprises a short length of purlin section which is itself inverted through 1800 relative to the two purlins 10. Thus by forming said holes 20, 22 in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of each purlin 10 and of the sleeve 24 (i.e. in the webs of the purlins and sleeve) and in accordance with the aforesaid relationship a = b + t, lengths of purlin 10 can be joined optionally by lap or sleeve joints without further holes, and moreover the hole pattern on the sleeve 24 is the same as on the purlin ends. For production convenience and also for structural strength and stability reasons, where it is desired to produce a family of purlin designs of different cross-sectional dimensions but of similar proportions, it is advantageous to use constant values for the dimensions a and b for the family. provided that variations of thickness t throughout the family still produce holes which are within normal tolerances of position. Dimensions related to Figure 2 for one family of purlin cross-sections are shown in the following table. Purlin Type Dimensions, mm. a b c d e t (alternatives) a b c c A 44 42 142 54 49 1.5-1.6-1.8 .310 .296 B 44 42 172 65 60 1.5-1.6-1.8 .256 .244 C 44 42 202 65 60 1.6-1.9-2.1-2.4 .218 .208 D 44 42 232 76 69 1.9-2.4-2.9 .190 .181 E 44 42 262 80 72 2.4-2.9 .168 .160 Thus, the ratios a/c and b/c for a family of beams as above specified together fall within a range of 0.16 - 0.31. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A structural beam of substantially constant cross-section along its length which is formed with a generally flat web and a pair of integral flanges which project respectively in opposite directions from the two longitudinal edges of the web, the web having at least one pair of fastening holes having axes which extend in directions perpendicular to the plane of the web and which are positioned so that the distance of the axis of one of said holes from
the edge between the web and the outer surface of the adjacent flange measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam is greater, by the thickness of material forming the flanges, than the distance between the axis of the other holes from the edge between the we and the outer surface of the other flange measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam, the longitudinal free edge of each flange having a lip extending on the same side of the flange as the web and the flanges being of different widths arranged so that two similar beams can be assembled together in an overlapping, nesting relationship by turning or inverting one beam by 180O about is longitudinal axis relative to the other beam.
2. A family of structural beams which are web formed as claimed in Claim 1 and which have cross-sections of similar proportions but of different sizes, each of said fastening holes being positioned so that the ratio of the distance between the axis of the hole and the edge between the web and the outer surface of the nearer flange measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam to the overall depth of the beam cross-section measured across the web in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam is between 0.16 and 0.31 and in which the distance between the axis of the corresponding hole in each beam of the family and the edge between the web and the outer surface of the nearer flange measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the beam is the same for each member of the family of beams.
3. A family of structural beams as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the flanges of each beam extend at right angles to the web of the beam, the flanges and the web being arranged to form a Z-shaped cross-section.
4. A structural beam substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing.
5. A family of beams substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the aforementioned table.
GB3136876A 1976-07-28 1976-07-28 Sleeve or lapped joints in purlin assemblies Expired GB1590435A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3136876A GB1590435A (en) 1976-07-28 1976-07-28 Sleeve or lapped joints in purlin assemblies
IN58/CAL/78A IN148953B (en) 1976-07-28 1978-01-17
IN59/CAL/78A IN148954B (en) 1976-07-28 1978-01-17

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3136876A GB1590435A (en) 1976-07-28 1976-07-28 Sleeve or lapped joints in purlin assemblies

Publications (1)

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GB1590435A true GB1590435A (en) 1981-06-03

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Family Applications (1)

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GB3136876A Expired GB1590435A (en) 1976-07-28 1976-07-28 Sleeve or lapped joints in purlin assemblies

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IN (2) IN148954B (en)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080250A2 (en) * 1981-11-23 1983-06-01 Ayrshire Metal Products public limited company Improvements in purlins
EP0105188A2 (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-04-11 ROBERTSON BAUELEMENTE GmbH Panel support assembly for concealed fastener roof structure
US4461134A (en) * 1981-07-06 1984-07-24 Lowe Colin F Sheet metal beam
FR2545131A1 (en) * 1983-04-29 1984-11-02 Wuppermann Gmbh Theodor FAILURE FOR AN INCLINED ROOF COVER
FR2549933A1 (en) * 1983-07-27 1985-02-01 Donn France Sa I-shaped profiled beam, fasteners and assemblies for such beams
FR2614054A1 (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-21 Haironville Forges Method for constructing walls of buildings
US5079884A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-01-14 National Gypsum Company Extendible interconnected Z-studs
DE4236763A1 (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-05-06 Krieg & Zivy Industries (Sa), Boulogne, Fr Soundproof cubicle with self-supporting frame - has Z=section uprights and cross-members with flanges at right angles to web and has panels filling in spaces supported by sealing components
EP0551202A1 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-14 Ward Building Systems Limited Structural connection
FR2714861A1 (en) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-13 Saint Maxent Michel Fishplating of metal frame sections
WO1997028326A1 (en) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Z-section structural member
EP0864702A1 (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-16 Didier Bocquet Supporting structure for buildings made from cold-rolled profiles
US6408591B1 (en) * 1998-03-27 2002-06-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Door beam of aluminum alloy
US6749163B1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2004-06-15 David E. Lee Window sill extension kit and method of using
RU2548268C1 (en) * 2014-01-27 2015-04-20 Александр Иванович Данилов Unit of spring type of z-shaped runs support against main bearing structures

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4461134A (en) * 1981-07-06 1984-07-24 Lowe Colin F Sheet metal beam
EP0080250A2 (en) * 1981-11-23 1983-06-01 Ayrshire Metal Products public limited company Improvements in purlins
EP0080250A3 (en) * 1981-11-23 1984-04-25 Ayrshire Metal Products Public Limited Company Improvements in purlins
EP0105188A2 (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-04-11 ROBERTSON BAUELEMENTE GmbH Panel support assembly for concealed fastener roof structure
EP0105188A3 (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-10-17 ROBERTSON BAUELEMENTE GmbH Panel support assembly for concealed fastener roof structure
FR2545131A1 (en) * 1983-04-29 1984-11-02 Wuppermann Gmbh Theodor FAILURE FOR AN INCLINED ROOF COVER
FR2549933A1 (en) * 1983-07-27 1985-02-01 Donn France Sa I-shaped profiled beam, fasteners and assemblies for such beams
FR2614054A1 (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-21 Haironville Forges Method for constructing walls of buildings
US5079884A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-01-14 National Gypsum Company Extendible interconnected Z-studs
DE4236763A1 (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-05-06 Krieg & Zivy Industries (Sa), Boulogne, Fr Soundproof cubicle with self-supporting frame - has Z=section uprights and cross-members with flanges at right angles to web and has panels filling in spaces supported by sealing components
EP0551202A1 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-14 Ward Building Systems Limited Structural connection
FR2714861A1 (en) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-13 Saint Maxent Michel Fishplating of metal frame sections
WO1997028326A1 (en) * 1996-02-02 1997-08-07 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Z-section structural member
EP0864702A1 (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-16 Didier Bocquet Supporting structure for buildings made from cold-rolled profiles
BE1011042A3 (en) * 1997-03-12 1999-04-06 Bocquet Didier Building frame profiles made from cold.
US6408591B1 (en) * 1998-03-27 2002-06-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Door beam of aluminum alloy
US6749163B1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2004-06-15 David E. Lee Window sill extension kit and method of using
RU2548268C1 (en) * 2014-01-27 2015-04-20 Александр Иванович Данилов Unit of spring type of z-shaped runs support against main bearing structures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN148953B (en) 1981-07-25
IN148954B (en) 1981-07-25

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PS Patent sealed
732 Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977)
PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 19970721