FI70732C - FIBER STRUCTURES WITH FLASHING COMPONENTS - Google Patents

Description

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(51) Kv.lk. * / Lnt.CI. * D 01 D 5/00 FINLAND —FINLAND (21) Patent application Patentanjöknlng 790713 (22) Application date - Ansökningsdag 02.03 · 79 (Fl) (23) Starting date - Giltighetsdag 02.03. 79 (41) Made public - Blivit offentlig 0A. 09 · 79

National Board of Patents and Registration Date of publication and publication. - o / ·

Patent and registration authorities '' Ansökan utlagd och utl.skriften publicerad Zb.UD.OD

(86) Kv. application - Int. ansökan (32) (33) (31) Privilege claimed - Begärd priority 03.03.78 23.i2.78, 25.01.79 Federal Republic of Germany1-Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland (DE) P 28093 ^ 6.1 P 2856O9I.O, P 2902758.5 Verified-Styrkt ( 71) Akzo nv, IJssellaan 82, Arnhem, Hoilanti-Hoiland (NL) (72) Klaus Gerlach, Obernau, Nikolaus Mathes, Brauberg, Friedbert Wechs, W8rth am Main, Federal Republic of Germany FörbundsrepubIiken Tyskland (DE) (7 * 0 Oy Kolster Ab (5 * 0 Fiber structures from multicomponent fibers and their manufacture -Fiberstrukturer av f 1erkomponentfibrer och deras framstä11 Ning

The invention relates to fibrous structures such as staple fibers, yarns and surface products such as fabrics, knits, carding gauze and the like made wholly or partly of matrix-segment type multicomponent fibers, the various components of which are at least partially separated from each other, and to a method of making these types of fibers. the various components of the multicomponent fibers, the multicomponent fibers being comprised of at least two mismatched components arranged in a matrix and a plurality of segments in a wire cross-section, the segments accounting for about 20-80% of the total cross-section and the at least 3 segments being only partially peripheral, by treating shrinkable, substantially unfixed multicomponent fibers whose components have not yet been separated, in particular after they have been dried; 70732 as road structures, such as staple fibers, yarns or surface structures, as an organic solvent in which the fiber-forming polymer components have different shrinkage abilities.

Numerous methods for producing a fiber from two or more incompatible polymer components are already known, in which case the polymer components in the cross-section of the fiber can be distributed in as many different ways as possible. In addition, various methods for separating components from multicomponent fibers after spinning have already been tried.

GB 1 171 843 discloses a process for making a multicomponent yarn in which the filler formed by the very fine microfibers (segments) of component A is surrounded by a matrix component B, the matrix component B separating the very fine microfibers forming the filler, and the individual fibers of components A and B , wherein the strands of component A are in contact with both the other strands of component A and the strands of component B. The same applies to the threads of component B. Such yarns are made by first forming a core curtain or sidewall bicomponent product, collecting a plurality of such prefabricated products in a funnel-shaped chamber that opens and opens into the spinning orifice, and squeezes through the spinning orifice. Both the relative order of the segments in the cross section of the finished wire and the separation of the segments caused by the matrix component are random. Specific cross-section geometries cannot be reproducibly fabricated. There is no indication in this GB patent publication that the strands of such multicomponent yarns could be detached from each other.

DE-A-2 117 076 discloses a manufacturing method for yarns consisting of a plurality of segments and a segment-separating matrix, in which a stream of liquid spinning material consisting of at least two substantially equal, thin layers of thin layers extending radially from the outlet to the outlet is directed axially from the conveying nozzle above the conduit to the conduit, and that simultaneously a current of a second spinner is compressed into each block formed between said radially extending thin layers and the conduit walls, 3 70732 so that said thin layer is cast into the latter spinnerets; the currents are compressed through the outlet without any interference in the flow line of the thin layer. Although Figures 1-6 of this application show 3-6 segment cross-sections, it is shown on page 14 (first paragraph) that it is very difficult to produce yarns containing 3, 5 or more segments (with the exception of 6 segments). Likewise, the manufacture of spinning heads known from this application is difficult; it is practically impossible to change the spinning ends so that the cross-section of the wire to be manufactured is changed to another type, for example a four-segment cross-section to a six-segment cross-section. The disintegration of a multi-segment yarn into separate matrix and segment yarns is not described; co. the publication only teaches to dissolve or decompose these with water or as an organic solvent.

DE-A-0 040 802 also discloses wire cross-sections in which many of the segments are completely surrounded by a matrix component. No further information is available on the production of such yarns. The breakdown of such composite yarns into individual, discrete components is not disclosed in this application.

NL application publication 67 12 909 also discloses numerous cross-sectional sections containing more than two segments. The segments are all composed of separate polymer components that are not separated by the matrix component. In addition, most wire cross-sections are surrounded by a matrix component. If such yarns are post-treated mechanically and / or chemically, they will not be transformed into a bundle of very fine yarns and / or fibers as a result of such post-treatment, although this is an essential goal of recent developments in the field of multicomponent yarns.

GB Patent 1,104,694 discloses how to obtain fine titer fibers from matrix / filament yarns by pretreating the matrix / filament yarn with, for example, heat, solvents or blowing agents and then subjecting it to bending stress. However, this method results in yarns that only partially and very irregularly fibrillate. The possibilities of using textile surfaces made of this type of yarn are very limited and do not have the desired softness or the required silky sheen. Their coverage is also unsatisfactory.

DE 24 19 318 describes the preparation of textile fiber structures from multicomponent yarns of polyamide and other polymers using a surfactant-containing aqueous emulsion containing 1.5 to 50% by weight of benzyl alcohol and / or phenyl alcohol for fibrillation. at a wavelength of 495 nm.

The main disadvantage of this known method is that the composition of the treatment solution as well as the treatment conditions must be carefully monitored. In addition, a relatively long-term effect must be applied to the textile surface in order for similar fibrillation to occur in general. ' In this case, there is also a risk that the polyamide changes during the action and the final product no longer has the desired properties.

In addition, it should be noted that this method is extremely difficult to achieve a certain degree of fibrillation; usually only incomplete fibrillation of the wire is achieved. In addition, in the method described in said publication, gluing between fibers easily takes place.

DE-A-25 05 272 also describes a similar process in which certain other organic solvents can also be used as solutions or aqueous emulsions. This method also has essentially the same drawbacks as DE 24 19 318. In addition, there are considerable difficulties in working with aqueous solutions or emulsions containing organic solvents; the recovery of pure organic solvent is complex and, in addition, there are considerable problems with water purification, which are particularly important from the point of view of environmental protection.

U.S. Patent 3,117,362 describes the treatment of multicomponent fibers with acetone. Although the yarns are kept immersed in the solvent for five minutes, there is no significant separation of the components, and pulling the yarns over a sharp angle results in only partial separation of the components.

5,70732

Only after this type of additional mechanical treatment has been carried out three times have the various components been completely detached from each other.

Although methods for breaking up multicomponent fibers and separating different components from each other, as well as methods for making corresponding fibrous structures, are already known, there is still a need for an improved method for obtaining fibrous structures with more advantageous properties.

This object is achieved by the method according to the invention, which can be used to manufacture fibrous structures by separating the various components of the multicomponent fibers at least partially from each other in a simple, economical and reproducible manner. The purpose of this method is to determine the desired degree of detachment of the components and in particular the complete detachment of the yarn components, resulting in fibrous structures characterized by titer fineness, soft silky feel, high coverage and regularity, and versatility in both textiles and technology.

The process according to the invention for producing fibrous structures by separating the various components of the multicomponent fibers is characterized in that the separation of the components is carried out using a liquid or gaseous solvent which lowers the matrix polymer or block polymer ° C.

In the context of the invention, fibrous structures are understood to mean linear products, such as fibers of short as well as long staple length, practically continuous linear products such as strands and yarns obtained from continuous fibers or staple fibers, and surface products such as fabrics, knits, wefts, cardigans, at least on one side are fluffed, as well as three-dimensional products such as wadding and fluff or pulp molded or unformed.

Within the scope of the invention, shrinkage means that a polymer, for example a polyester, arranged in a matrix-shaped or segment-type wire cross-section shrinks, i.e. it shortens in the longitudinal direction of the fiber when the fiber is treated as a solvent according to the invention.

The shrinkage ability of the fibers depends on their pretreatment steps and shrinkage conditions, such as temperature and duration of treatment. In particular, the shrinkage ability of the fibers is affected by the conditions which, however, were affected when they were spun and / or stretched.

Sufficient shrinkage within the scope of the invention is generally provided to the fibers by stretching, as is common in the manufacture of polyester yarns, for example, stretching to three times or more. Sufficient shrinkage can also be achieved by drawing the yarns at an increased speed during spinning and then stretching them slightly. The air stretching commonly used in the manufacture of spinning gauze can also result in sufficient shrinkage.

Importantly, the matrix components or segment components still shrink considerably in the solvent. Suitably, this shrinkage should be at least 10%, with at least 15% shrinkage being preferred.

If the fiber has already been given sufficient shrinkage under the manufacturing conditions, it is not necessary to examine the multicomponent fiber itself, but may otherwise be examined under the same conditions, but using monocomponent yarns made exclusively of matrix or block polymers, i.e. polyester is made under the conditions used to make multicomponent fibers, e.g. under stretching conditions, the fibers consist only of polyesters and the shrinkage of the fibers obtained is determined in a solvent.

To determine shrinkage, the fibers are treated, for example, under conditions substantially similar to those intended for the separation of components. In this case, for example, a 50 cm long fibrous rope marked at the beginning and end is immersed in 35 ° C methylene chloride for 5 minutes. Shrinkage is obtained from the change in the distance between these marks when the distance is measured both before and after the solvent treatment.

In addition, it is important that the matrix and segment components have different shrinkage capabilities in the solvent. In this case, for example, only the 7,70732 matrix shrinks but the segments do not shrink, or only the segments shrink but the matrix does not shrink. In addition, it is possible that both components will shrink, but their shrinks will be different. It is essential, however, that the induction time, i.e. the time during which shrinkage in the treatment medium occurs to a considerable extent, is different for the different components. It is important for the method according to the invention that the shrinkage induction time of either the matrix component or the segment component is as small as possible and preferably only of the order of seconds. The difference in the shrinkage behavior of the different components may occur in such a way that the matrix or segments have a higher shrinkage rate than the segments or matrix, respectively.

Further details of induction time determinations are given in N.L. In Lindner's articles in Colloid und Polymer Sei. 255 (1977) 213 and ibid 255 (1977) 433.

In the context of the invention, substantially unfixed means that the multicomponent fibers had not yet been fixed, in particular at least thermally, before the solvent treatment, so that the initial shrinkage caused by the spinning and / or stretching conditions was completely or partially displaced. Fixation with, for example, chemical agents should also be avoided before the actual treatment of the components.

In the context of the invention, fibers are understood to mean both fibers which end in length, such as short staple or ordinary staple fibers, and products which are practically endless, such as filaments.

By multicomponent fiber consisting of a matrix and a plurality of segmentally arranged components is meant fibers in which the individual segments and the matrix are continuously arranged in the longitudinal direction of the fiber so that the cross-section of the fiber is substantially the same along the entire length of the fiber. In this case, the matrix is understood to mean the component which surrounds the other components or which encloses the other components. Examples of fiber sections that are particularly suitable within the scope of the invention are shown in Figures 1-7, where a represents a matrix and b represents segments.

8 70732

By incompatible polymers is meant polymers which are not miscible or react with each other and which, under the given conditions, have a clear phase boundary, especially when they are mixed together during melting or braided side by side into a single multicomponent fiber. Such incompatible polymers include, in particular, polyamides and polyesters, with preferred incompatible polymers being terephthalic acid-based polyesters. These polymers do not appear to react significantly with each other when melted, at least for a certain period of time, so in practice hardly copolymers are formed which would bond these different phases more tightly together. It is self-evident that the exchange reactions between polyesters and polyamides which may occur during melting over a longer period of time, as described, for example, in Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 1962, Volume 147, No. 6, page 13, 165-8, are disregarded.

The multicomponent fibers having the wire cross-section required by the invention can be made in various ways, e.g. using suitable nozzles or spinning arrangements, and the batches are made, e.g. Particularly preferably, such multicomponent fibers can be produced by the method and apparatus described in DE-A-2 803 136. In this case, the components of the multicomponent fibers with the cross-section according to Figure 1, 2 or 6 of said publication can be separated from each other particularly advantageously using the method according to the present invention, whereby the peripheral segments and the matrix are substantially completely separated when the segments are made of polyamide.

The cross-sections according to Figures 1-7 are particularly suitable when the segments are made of polyester.

In many cases, complete or partial detachment of the core segment occurs even in the cross-sections of Figure 3, e.g., when the peripheral segments and the core segment are formed of polyester.

70732

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the various components of the multicomponent fibers are separated from each other by means of organic solvents when the multicomponent fibers are produced according to DE-A-2 803 236 with a polyester matrix and peripheral segments of polyamide or vice versa.

On the other hand, multicomponent fibers which are still shrinkable and are prepared, for example, according to DE-A-2 803 136, have sufficiently high adhesion forces between the matrix and the segments to allow normal processing of the fibers into, for example, to stand out according to the invention from the action of solvents into individual components.

For the purposes of this invention, organic solvents are understood to mean chemical substances which can bring other substances into solution physically. It is not necessary and even detrimental for the solvent to dissolve one or all of the polymers from which the multicomponent fibers are formed. The solvent should be such that the matrix phase shrinks as strongly as possible, but the segments, on the other hand, have little or no or vice versa.

Zero shrinkage temperatures can be determined by the method described, for example, in Lenzinger Berichie 40 (1976) 22-29. In this case, the dynamic shrinkage curves must be determined from the yarns in the solvent in question in the treatment of multicomponent fibers. Extrapolation of the linear part of the dynamic shrinkage curve gives a zero shrinkage temperature at the intersection of the abscissa.

In the process according to the invention, it has been found that methylene chloride, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and chloroform in particular sufficiently lower the zero shrinkage temperature of the matrix polymer or block polymer and cause a surprisingly advantageous separation of the various components of the multicomponent fibers.

In the method according to the invention, when the different components separate from each other, a considerable shrinkage occurs in the matrix fiber or segment fibers, which is generally at least 10%, preferably at least 15-25%.

10 70732 The processing is usually very short and the time from a few seconds to a few minutes is many times sufficient to achieve the desired component release. When using the solvent according to the invention, e.g. when using methylene chloride, it is not necessary to use any excipients, so that a substantially pure solvent can be used without diluents and other additives.

The methylene chloride treatment can be performed either at room temperature or above. The treatment can also be performed with methylene chloride gases.

Within the scope of the invention, it is possible to manufacture a wide variety of fiber structures by at least partially separating the various components of the multicomponent fiber. For example, linear fibrous structures can be made, i.e., fibers of finite length, which can have as many different lengths as possible. The method according to the invention can be used to treat so-called short-cut fibers or staple fibers (fiber length 10, 20, 50 or 100 mm or more). It is also possible to process virtually endless continuous fibers, also commonly referred to as elemental fibers.

The treatment of the multicomponent fibers according to the invention can also be carried out on fibrous structures obtained by processing the multicomponent fibers into textile or technical products such as knits, fabrics, braids, fabrics or carded gauze, in particular irregularly arranged fibrous carded products, with lint on at least one side.

The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of loop products, such as knitwear and woven fabrics, as well as fabrics, the first step of which is to make a corresponding surface product from intact and uniform multicomponent fiber or yarn by knitting or weaving. This surface product is then treated as a solvent so that the fibers in the textile surface product shrink, causing compaction to occur, which is observed, among other things, in interesting optical effects and high coverage of the product. When this type of fibrous structure is treated with a solvent, either the matrix component or the segments 70732 shrinks, which in turn causes stress or surface shrinkage in the product. In this case, the segment yarns or matrix yarns are curved and form arcuate protrusions above or below the surface plane of the surface product.

Particularly in the treatment of multicomponent fibers terminating in length, a certain curvature of the fibers occurs when the components detach from each other, whereby the curvature of the segment fibers as a whole is stronger than the curvature of the matrix fibers. The curvature of the segment fibers and the concomitant shrinkage cause surface shrinkage, above all, on surface products, such as karst gauze, in which the fibers are in an irregular order. In surface shrinkage, the material condenses considerably and thus provides an excellent covering effect. At the same time, a particularly strong felting takes place, which leads to a very strong adhesion of the fiber.

The fibrous structures according to the invention may consist either completely or only partially of multicomponent fibers, the various components of which are either completely or only partially separated from one another, i.e. they may also contain fiber grades other than ordinary component fibers, for example polyester and / or polyamide fibers.

Fibrous structures, such as fabrics or woven fabrics, are formed from fibers, yarns, or filaments that contain only multicomponent fibers, but may also simultaneously include yarns or filaments that consist in part of multicomponent fibers, in part of other common fibers, e.g. polyester.

The above-mentioned fibrous structures, such as linear products, surface products, such as fabrics, knitwear, woven and carded gauze, can be manufactured by methods known to the person skilled in the art. In this case, even before the solvent treatment, the product can only be given a special pattern or special effects by means of conventional methods such as knitting and weaving according to the different binding and yarn type, in addition to which the treatment according to the invention has the effect.

In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, fabrics or knitted products made of intact and uniform multicomponent fibers are provided in fixed areas. This fixation frame from the considered locations can take place, for example, by stamping a regular or irregular pattern on a knit, fabric or fabric with a hot stamp calender. This treatment fixes these spots so that the fibers can no longer shrink. In the subsequent solvent treatment, the more unfixed areas can shrink, resulting in interesting optical and tactile effects.

A hot-stamped calender with embossed locations arranged in a pattern shape can also simultaneously cause the material to condense into fixed locations.

Of course, the fixation of certain areas can also take place by other methods, such as chemical fixation or steam treatment.

In order to obtain similar patterns and effects, it is still possible to treat surface products made of intact and uniformly multicomponent fiber only from certain locations, for example by a method commonly used in printing.

Also, by partially applying a patterned paste, e.g. a polyacrylate-based paste, it is possible to prevent the methyl chloride which separates the components from entering the fiber, so that the separation of the fiber components takes place only in places not treated with the paste.

In many cases, it is appropriate to perform additional mechanical treatment on the multi-component fibers during the solvent treatment. This can be done, for example, by moving the fibers mechanically.

Simultaneous ultrasonic treatment has also proven to be very suitable.

Further mechanical treatment of fibrous structures, such as staple fibers, yarns or surface products, can take place by moving the product in a treatment bath, for example by stirring, raising and lowering regularly or irregularly, pressing and removing stress or batting type treatment.

Particularly suitable is a method in which the fibrous structure is subjected to an ultrasonic treatment during the treatment as an organic solvent.

This can be done by carrying out the treatment with an organic solvent in vessels in which the products are placed as inputs in the ultrasonic cleaning. Devices of this type are commercially available and are mentioned, for example, under the trade name Branson Europa N.N. in CP-100 BE-1-72. Devices of this type usually consist of a liquid treatment tank for the product and include an ultrasonic generator already built into the shell.

With the treatment according to the invention, it is possible to achieve a far-reaching separation of the various components of the multicomponent fibers from one another, especially in difficult cases. Thus, treatment of the rope material with methylene chloride results in a substantially stronger separation of the components if the rope material is simultaneously exposed to ultrasonic waves.

Also, the components of the multicomponent fibers contained in knitted fabrics made of multicomponent fibers are substantially more strongly separated from each other by the action of methylene chloride if ultrasonic waves are simultaneously applied to the knitted fabrics.

If a multicomponent fiber with a cross-section according to Fig. 7 is used for the production of fibrous structures, simultaneously ultrasonic separation of the components in the organic solvent treatment achieves a substantially longer separation of the components than without the corresponding further mechanical treatment or ultrasonic treatment.

Ultrasonic treatment is particularly advantageous in the manufacture of Kars stainers, as it causes improved separation of the components as well as felting, which increases the strength of the product.

It is particularly surprising that the method according to the invention makes it possible to decompose the multicomponent fibers simply, rapidly and in a controlled manner, at least in part into separate components, the multicomponent fiber being a fiber in the finished textile product. Only short-term treatment is required to remove the components, e.g. by immersing the product in a suitable bath or by short-term treatment as a gaseous solvent. The use of additives such as surfactants or water is not necessary. It is also not necessary to prepare any emulsions or dispersions, so that recovery of the solvent added for treatment is easy to carry out and no environmental burden is created. Because the treatment is extremely short, no damage is caused to the fibers or surface products either. 14 70732 textile surface products are characterized by special softness, high opacity and special smoothness and interesting optical effects.

Fluffed substrates can be prepared as follows:

The multicomponent fibers of suitable shear length are applied to the substrate, e.g. a fabric with an adhesive, by an electrostatic method in a manner not yet fixed in the shrinkable state in the production of lint.

Once the fiber is attached to the substrate, it is treated as a solvent. In this case, the multicomponent fiber is completely or partially decomposed into separate matrix fibers and peripheral segment fibers.

The advantage of this method is that longer staple fibers can be used in the production of fluff from fine fibers than is possible in the conventional method, because the intact and uniform fiber has an even coarser titer and a finer titer develops only after fluffing.

The cardboard gauze according to the invention can be produced in a manner known per se, e.g. by stacking multicomponent fibers. The disintegration of the fibers into at least partially detached components can be performed before stacking, but also only after the surface product has already been formed.

If it is desired for the fibers to bond to each other at the intersections of the product structure, this is accomplished by allowing heat, e.g., hot water, saturated steam, hot air, or contact heat, through the hot rollers to act on the product, either without pressure or pressure. One of the polymer components may be suitable for such fiber bonding. Mixed polyamides and co-polyesters are particularly suitable. It is self-evident that the binding component has a lower melting point than the component not used for binding.

Since the process according to the invention does not involve any material loss due to the dissolution of the polymers, the process is extremely economical.

The fibrous structures according to the invention are described in claims 19-40.

The fibrous structures according to the invention are characterized, among other things, by a high water retention capacity. It is particularly advantageous in the invention that products with both the finest titers and coarser titers can also be produced. Thus, fiber structures can be prepared in which the titer of the segment phases is 0.1 to 3 dtex and the titer of the matrix phases is 0.5 to 20 dtex. Thanks to the corresponding distribution of titers, special effects on tactility can be achieved.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1 Using the spinning die described in DE-A-2 803 136, spun polyethylene terephthalate (relative viscosity 1.63) and polyamide 6 (relative viscosity 2.20) in a weight ratio of 80/20 matrix segment yarn with a cross-section according to Fig. 3 and a titer 50 dtex f 30. The spinning speed was 1,200 m / min and the stretch ratio 1: 3.26. The shrinkage of the yarns in methylene chloride was 22%. The yarn thus obtained was immersed as a 50 cm long fiber rope in methylene chloride at a temperature of 35 ° C for one minute, dried from the maximum solvent under pressure on filter paper and then at 80 ° C in a convection oven. The fibers had been virtually completely detached from each other into matrix and segment fibers, which could be clearly seen under a microscope.

Example 2

The polyethylene terephthalate and copolymer obtained using 60% β-caprolactam and 40% hexamethylenediamine / adipic acid were spun under the conditions of Example 1 and using the same fuse as in Example 1, which was cut into 5 mm pieces after stretching. The various components of the fibers were then separated from each other by the action of methylene chloride, suspended in water with a dispersant and processed into a wet carding gauze using a conventional press. When dried at about 95 ° C, the bonding of the cardboard gauze occurred due to the softening of the polyamide.

Example 3

The endlessly continuous yarns of Example 1, the components of which had not been separated, were made into a knit weighing about 100 g / m 2. The knit was then passed through a slit in a stamp calender heated to 220 ° C, whereby the stamped areas of the knit were heated to about 180 ° C corresponding to the calender elevations and thus fixed, while the other areas remained 16 70732 unfixed. The product was treated with methylene chloride at 35 ° C for 1 minute, at which point the components of the fibers in the unfixed tower were separated.

Example 4 Using the spinning die described in DE-A-2 803 136, a matrix segment yarn having a cross section of Figure 2 and a titer of 75:25 was spun from polyethylene terephthalate (relative viscosity 1.63) and polyamide 6 (relative viscosity 2.20) by weight. 50 dtex 25. The spinning speed was 1200 m / min and the stretch ratio 1: 3.26. The length shrinkage of the yarn in methylene chloride was about 20%. The yarn thus obtained was immersed in a 50 cm long rope for 10 minutes in methylene chloride at a temperature of 35 ° C, dried on filter paper under pressure from the solvent and then at 80 ° C in a convection oven. The components of the fibers were completely detached from each other.

Example 5

An endless continuous yarn having a cross-section of Figure 2, the components of which had not been separated and in which polyethylene terephthalate was the matrix component and polyamide 6 was the segment component, was made into a surface knit 2 weighing about 100 g / m 2. This crude product was then immersed in methylene chloride at 35 ° C for about 5 minutes and dried in a circulating air oven. A product was obtained in which the various components were completely detached from each other. Because the segments were mostly on the upper and lower surfaces of the knitwear, the product was characterized by improved coverage, a soft, thick feel, and a silky sheen.

Example 6

A two-conductor warp knit product was made from a matrix segment yarn having the cross-section of Fig. 2 prepared according to Example 4. This matrix segment yarn with a titer of 50 dtex f 30 was placed on the first yarn conductor with a satin bond 3-4, and a polyester yarn with a titer of 50 dtex f 14 was placed on the second yarn conductor.

After fluffing and shearing, treatment for 5 minutes in methylene chloride at 35 ° C was followed, followed by drying of 17,70732 products. Originally, completely uniform and intact fluff yarns disintegrated into separate components.

As the fine segments remained on the top surface, a thicker matrix shrank inside. The product obtained a thick soft fluff which had a good patterning effect.

Example 7 Using a spinning nozzle as described in DE-A-2 803 136, a matrix segment yarn with 9 peripheral segments and a titer of 9:20 was spun from polyethylene terephthalate (relative viscosity 1.63) and polyamide 6 (relative viscosity 2.20) in a weight ratio of 40 dtex 5. The spinning speed was 1200 m / min and the stretch ratio 1: 3.8. A surface knitting piece was made from the yarn thus obtained, and for comparison, part of the sample was immersed for one minute in a 35 ° C methylene chloride bath without ultrasound and another part of the sample was immersed in that bath for the same time. the components of the fiber contained in the sample are completely detached from each other.

Example 8

The endless split yarn of Example 7, the components of which had not been separated, was cut into 45 mm long fibers and made into a needle felt (80 stitches / cm 2). The fibers were separated by methylene chloride (35 ° C) in an ultrasonic bath. It was clear that the specimens subjected to ultrasound during component removal showed not only more complete separation of the components but also stronger felting and associated higher strength, as well as the same carding properties as the non-ultrasonically treated specimens.

Claims (39)

A method for producing fibrous structures by separating the various components of multicomponent fibers from each other, which multicomponent fibers are formed by at least two mutually incompatible, in tree cross-section, as matrix and multiple segments, wherein the segments share of the total cross-section is about 20 -80% and at least 3 segments are arranged peripherally such that they are only partially surrounded by the matrix component, by the treatment of shrink-possessed, substantially unixed multicomponent fibers, the components of which have not yet been separated from each other, especially since they are formed into the fiber structure, such as staple fibers, trees or surface structures. , with an organic solvent in which the fiber-forming polymer components have different shrinkage characteristics, characterized in that the separation of the components from each other is carried out using a liquid or gaseous solvent which lowers the zero shrinkage temperature of the matrix polymer or the segment polymer. stone 160 ° C and in which one of the said polymers has a greater shrinkage velocity, whose zero shrinkage temperature drops at least 160 ° C. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a solvent is used in which the shrinkage induction time for the polymer used in the matrix is less or greater than the shrinkage induction times for the polymers used in the peripheral segments. 3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a solvent is used in which the shrinkage of the matrix or peripheral segments is at least 10%. 4. A process according to claim 3, characterized in that a solvent is used in which the shrinkage of the matrix or segments is at least 15%. 5. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that a solvent is used which lowers the zero shrinkage temperature of the matrix polymer or segment polymer by at least 200 ° C. 26 70732 6. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that methylene chloride is used as a solvent. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is used as a solvent. 8. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that 1,1,2-trichloroethane is used as a solvent. 9. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that chloroform is used as a solvent. 10. A process according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in that, as a matrix component, terephthalic acid-based polyester is used and as segment component polyamide. 11. A process according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in that polyamide is used as a matrix component and as a segment component of terephthalic acid-based polyester. 12. A process according to claim 10, characterized in that a copolymer is used as a segment component. 13. A process according to claim 11, characterized in that a copolymer is used as a matrix component. 14. A process according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that as a copolyamide, a copolymer is used on the basis of t -caprolactam and hexamethylenediamine / adipic acid. 15. A method according to any of claims 1-14, characterized in that the peripheral segment surface contents in tree cross sections are at most 1/5, preferably at most about 1/8 of the total surface content. 16. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the treatment with the organic solvent is combined with a simultaneous dyeing process. 17. A process according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that the multi-component fibers during the solvent treatment are further subjected to a mechanical treatment. 707 32 18. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the multicomponent fibers are treated with ultra-1 Jud. 19. Fiber structure, made wholly or partially of multi-component matrix-type fibers, the various components of which fibers are at least partially separated from each other, may be characterized in that the multi-component fibers are formed by at least two incompatible, in cross-sectional, food as cross-sections. segments arranged components, wherein the segments' share of the total cross-section is about 20-80% and at least 3 segments are arranged perpendicularly so that they are only partially surrounded by the matrix component, and the various components of the multicomponent fibers are at least partially separated from each other by multi-component fibers which shrink and whose components have not yet been separated from each other are subjected to treatment with an organic solvent in which the fiber-forming polymer components have different shrinkage, which lowers the zero shrinkage temperature of the matrix polymer or segment polymer by at least 160 ° C. the said polymers have greater shrinkage the velocity structure containing a polyalkylene terephthalate matrix fiber and at least three of this fully or partially separated polyamide segment fiber, the matrix fiber having shrunk at least about 10%. 20. Fiber structure, made wholly or partially of multi-component matrix-type fibers, whose oil components are at least partially separated from each other, may be characterized in that the multicomponent fibers are formed by at least two mutually incompatible, in segmental cross-sections such as matrix components, wherein the segment's share of the total cross-section is about 20-80% and at least 3 segments are arranged peripherally such that they are only partially surrounded by the matrix component, and the various components of the multicomponent fibers are at least partially separated from each other by multicomponent fibers, which shrink and whose components have not yet been separated from each other, are subjected to treatment with an organic solvent in which the fiber-forming polymer components have different shrinkage, and which lowers the zero shrinkage temperature of the matrix polymer or segment polymer by at least 160 ° C. that of said polymers has greater shrinkage velocity, whose zero shrinkage temperature drops at least 160 ° C, wherein the fiber structure contains a polyamide matrix fiber and at least three of this fully or partially separated polyalkylene terephthalate segment fibers, which in comparison with the matrix fiber have shrunk at least 10%. 21. Fiber structure according to claim 19, characterized in that it is formed by a multi-component fiber caused by weaving, crocheting or knitting, and by segmented fiber from its surface eaten up and down. 22. Fiber structure according to claim 20, characterized in that it contains finite length matrix and segment fibers in disordered device, which fibers have different shrinkage capacity, the segment fibers being in total stronger shrunk than the matrix fibers. 23. Fiber structure according to claim 20, characterized in that it is formed by a multi-component fiber device caused by weaving, crocheting or knitting and by the matrix and fiber-like matrix fibers eaten up and down. Fiber structure according to any one of claims 19-23, characterized in that it contains fixed areas and multicomponent fiber regions in which the various fibers are not separated from each other. Fiber structure according to claim 24, characterized in that it contains densified, regularly arranged fixed areas. Fiber structure according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the multicomponent fibers are arranged as a fiber web. Fiber structure according to claim 26, characterized in that the multicomponent fibers are arranged as a felt felt. 28. Fiber structure according to claim 19, characterized in that it contains bonded multicomponent fibers in the form of a fibrous web, wherein the bonding of the fibers at the intersection sites is achieved with polyamide and at the intersection of the fibers, 29 7 0 7 3 2 crosses segmental fibers bonded to segment fibers. matrix fibers and matrix fibers unbound by matrix fibers. 29. Fiber structure according to claim 20, characterized in that it contains bonded multicomponent fibers in the form of a web, wherein the bonding of the fibers at the intersection sites is achieved with polyamide and at the intersection of the fibers crosses segmental fibers unbonded by segmental fibers, segmental fibers are bonded to segmental fibers, bonded to matrix fibers. Fiber structure according to claim 20, characterized in that it contains a matrix fiber which contains one or more core segments of polyalkylene terephthalate. 31. Fiber structure, made wholly or partially of multi-component matrix segment type fibers, the various components of which fibers are at least partially separated from each other, characterized in that the multicomponent fibers are formed by at least two mutually incompatible and in cross-sectional segments as food sections. components, wherein the segments' share of the total cross-section is about 20-80% and at least 3 segments are arranged perpendicularly so that they are only partially surrounded by the matrix component, and the various components of the multicomponent fibers are at least partially separated from each other by multicomponent fibers, which shrink and whose components have not yet been separated from each other, are subjected to treatment with an organic solvent in which the fiber-forming polymer components have different shrinkage properties, and which lowers the zero shrinkage temperature of the matrix polymer or segment polymer by which at least one of said polymers has greater krymphasti The zero-shrinkage temperature drops at least 160 ° C, wherein the fibrous structure contains a matrix fiber of a copolyester and at least three of the wholly or partially separated segment fibers which, in comparison with the matrix fiber, have shrunk at least 10%, these multi-component fibers being bonded webs in which the bonding of the fibers at the junction sites is accomplished by the copolyester and at the junction sites of the fibers crosswise segment fibers unbound to segment fibers, segment fibers bonded to matrix fibers and matrix fibers bonded to matrix fibers. 70732 3C Fiber structure according to claim 28, characterized in that it contains segment fibers of a copolyamide. Fiber structure according to claim 29, characterized in that it contains a matrix fiber of a copolyamide. 34. Fiber structure according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that it contains a copolyamide on the basis of β, caprolactam and hexamethylenediamine / adipic acid. 35. A fiber structure according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the multicomponent fibers are arranged in a lint type. Fiber structure according to claim 21, characterized in that it contains fully or partially opened segment fibers. Fiber structure according to claim 23, characterized in that it contains fully or partially opened matrix fiber cups. 38. Fiber structure, made wholly or partially of multi-component matrix type fibers, the various components of which fibers are at least partially separated from each other, characterized in that the multicomponent fibers are formed by at least two incompatible, cross-sectional food segments which are in cross-sectional segments. components, wherein the segments' share of the total cross-section is about 20-80% and at least 3 segments are arranged perpendicularly so that they are only partially surrounded by the matrix component, and the various components of the multicomponent fibers are at least partially separated from each other by multicomponent fibers, which shrink , and whose components have not yet been separated from each other, are subjected to treatment with an organic solvent in which the fiber-forming polymer components have different shrinkage properties, and which lowers the zero shrinkage temperature of the matrix polymer or segment polymer by at least 160 ° C. the polymers have greater shrinkage velocity , whose zero shrinkage temperature drops at least 160 ° C, wherein the various components of the multicomponent fibers have been completely and / or partially separated from each other into matrix fibers and segmental fibers, the multicomponent fibers, the various components of which are only partially separated from each other, yet