EP3658316A1

EP3658316A1 - Method for modifying components using additive manufacturing

Info

Publication number: EP3658316A1
Application number: EP18793564.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Reiner Anton; Uwe Galander; Kay Krabiell
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2017-10-27
Filing date: 2018-10-09
Publication date: 2020-06-03
Also published as: RU2746913C1; CN111278588A; US20200290123A1; US11752552B2; WO2019081197A1; DE102017219333A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for building structures on existing components using devices for additive manufacturing. The present invention also relates to a device for additive manufacturing, which is suitable for use in the method according to the invention. The present invention further relates to a composite structure which is suitable for use in the method according to the invention.

Description

description

Method of modifying components using additive manufacturing

The present invention relates to the processing of best ^¬ Henden components using devices for additive manufacturing. Furthermore, the present application relates to an apparatus for additive manufacturing for carrying out this method. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composite structure which is used in the method according to the invention. The additive manufacturing of components is known. Example ^¬ example deals with the DE 10 2009 048 665 AI producing ei ^¬ ner turbine blade, a three-dimensional grid that expands is contained in the inside. The interior is surrounded by a wall, wherein holes can be provided in this wall, which connect the interior space with a surface of the turbine blade. As can be seen, for example, from DE 10 2009 033 753 A1, such openings can be used, for example, for transporting cooling gas from the interior of the blade to its surface. In this way, a film cooling of the blade with the cooling gas is possible.

Although additive manufacturing offers the flexibility to create components with a wide variety of geometries, the layered structure of the components requires a great deal of time. At the same time Pul ^¬ ver used here is very expensive due to the high quality requirements. The use for repair or modification of existing components brings with it further problems.

For example, the additively fabricated structure is built up at a defined location of the space within the device for additive manufacturing from a powder bed. Thus ei ^¬ ne additively manufactured structure already during the additive Manufacturing can be connected to an existing component, this component must be introduced into the powder ^{bed ¬} the and there high precision on the surface to be machined of the component to the structure of the structure to be started. However, for this it is necessary, for example, that the position and orientation of the existing component is known exactly. However, a high-precision alignment of the component in the system is not always feasible because, for example, too inaccurate, and requires at least a lot of time, in which the device for additive manufacturing can not be used for production. Also, a real component may, for example, deviate in shape from the theoretical reference data of its shape. Since, unlike existing methods such as laser welding, a significant excess of material should not be applied, these deviations should also be incorporated into additive manufacturing. Otherwise, no high-precision structures can be applied to the surface of the existing component without the structure having to be removed and rebuilt after fabrication as a result of the deviation.

Existing devices for additive manufacturing do not yet offer a solution, so that additive manufacturing in this area can still not be used to supplement or replace existing processes. In particular, it is not yet possible to use the particular advantages of additive manufacturing, such as the possibility of performing a modification of an existing component in the sense of an upgrade by applying a novel structure. Here, in view of the lack of opportunities or at least in view of the effort and thus resulting price, a re-production of corresponding components is preferred. In particular, it would be advantageous to be able to easily retrofit existing systems in order to use these resources.

Therefore, there is a need for an improved process that integrates additive manufacturing into the current ge production technology, maintenance technology and repair technology allowed, with the least possible adjustments to existing devices for additive manufacturing to be made. Further, there is a need for such modified devices and tools for implementing such a method. These objects other not explicitly been led ^¬ and objects are achieved by the invention disclosed in the claims and the description of the invention and the specific embodiments that are disclosed hereinafter.

According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a method for additive manufacturing a structure on at least one surface to be machined of a component in a device for additive manufacturing, wherein the means for additive manufacturing a countertop having umfas ^¬ send the steps of

a) providing an auxiliary plate suitable for the fastening ^¬ tion on the worktop, wherein the auxiliary plate min least ^¬ a reference mark,

b) fixing the component on the auxiliary plate, preferably wherein the at least one surface to be machined is directed to ^¬ downward,

c) optionally machining the at least one surface to be machined to provide a surface substantially parallel to the working plane of the additive manufacturing apparatus,

d) measuring the at least one reference mark and the component, wherein the position of the component is detected with respect to the at least one reference mark,

e) introducing the auxiliary plate with the at least one Refe ^¬ rence mark and the component in the device for additive manufacturing and releasably attaching the auxiliary plate to the worktop and

f) machining of the component in the device for additive manufacturing by means of working data based on measurement data of step d). The term "upstream" in the sense of vorlie ^¬ constricting invention refers to an orientation in which the surface to be processed by the auxiliary plate facing away. In this case, the abovementioned steps take place in the abovementioned sequence, it also being possible for further intermediate steps mentioned below or not mentioned to occur. The present method allows the use of ^¬ be stationary devices for additive manufacturing, by a minimal change to the device is made and the measurement is to determine the required data from the apparatus for manufacturing additive is displaced. As a binding point between the reference system of the measuring device

Step d) and the reference system of the additive manufacturing device is the at least one reference marks, which are defined as a reference point for the reference system of the device. This makes it possible to use the data obtained outside the device in the device.

The term "reference mark" within the meaning of the present invention relates to a detectable marker of the auxiliary plate, which is a known position in the device for additive manufacturing. Such Referenzmarkie ^¬ approximations can be made for example by manufacturing the reference mark in the device for additive manufacturing, so that from the data of production of these reference points a mapping of the position in the device to the location of the reference mark on the auxiliary plate SUC ^¬ gene can. as the reference marks, for example, indentations may be in the surface of the auxiliary plate Oberflächenmo ^¬ ification of the auxiliary plate as markers or body the surface of the auxiliary plate can be used.

According to a further aspect, the present OF INVENTION ^¬ dung relates to a device for additive manufacturing including a working plate and an auxiliary plate for carrying out the He ^¬ inventive method, wherein the work plate is suitable the sub-panel releasably Fixed To ^¬ gen to the worktop, and wherein said auxiliary plate at least has a Referenzmar ^¬ cation and is suitable to be releasably connected to the Arbeitsplat ^¬ te. According to a further aspect, the present OF INVENTION ^¬ dung relates to a composite structure for use in a method of the invention comprising

- An auxiliary plate suitable for attachment to the Ar ^¬ woritsplatte the device for additive manufacturing,

- At least one component for machining by additive manufacturing, wherein the component is attached to the auxiliary plate, and

- At least one reference mark which is attached to the auxiliary plate, wherein the at least one reference mark is suitable to be used as a reference point for the position determination of the at least one component. For a more complete understanding of the present OF INVENTION ^¬ dung, reference is made to the following detailed description and figures herein described in conjunction. The figures, however, are to be understood here only as Verdeutli ^¬ chung of the invention and are only particularly preferred embodiments and not a limitation of the invention.

Figure 1 shows the detail of a schematic side view of an apparatus for additive manufacturing during step f) of the method.

Figure 2 shows the detail of a schematic side view of an apparatus for additive manufacturing during a later time of step f) of the method.

Figure 3 shows a schematic representation

Step d) of the method already shown in Figure 1. Figure 4 shows the production of an auxiliary plate 3 in the

Device 8 for additive manufacturing, which is also shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 shows a schematic sequence of a method also shown in Figures 1 and 2. Here, the steps a) to f) are passed through. According to one aspect, the present invention relates to the aforementioned method for additive manufacturing a structure on at least one surface to be machined of a construction ^¬ part in an apparatus for additive manufacturing the component may eg be connected directly to the auxiliary ^¬ plate or by means of fastening elements on the auxiliary plate be attached. This is ^¬ geous in particular, since hereby also components can be securely and firmly fixed to the auxiliary plate, for example, have little base surface for contact with the auxiliary plate. Also hereby a component such as a turbine ^¬ scoop between several fasteners are clamped. A releasable attachment of the component to optionally present fastening elements is typically preferred here. Thus, for example, eliminates a subsequent step after ^¬ radicals of a weld or equivalent residues as a non-detachable connection of the component and the auxiliary plate or member and the fastening element to entfer ^¬ NEN. The fastening elements can in this case be fastened releasably or non-detachably to the auxiliary plate. Preferably, a fastener, more preferably a plurality of fastening ^¬ elements, releasably secured to the auxiliary plate, for example, screwed to allow a quick and easy attachment of the fastener. This not only allows the quick replacement of the fasteners, but also, for example, the rapid attachment of the component in ^¬ particular by clamping between multiple fasteners without great technical effort. The worktop is a component preferably detachably connected to the additive manufacturing apparatus, adapted to secure the auxiliary plate thereto. This allows for wear of the fasteners for the auxiliary plate to replace the worktop and thus allow a permanent ^¬ high-precision fastening of the auxiliary plate without noticeable downtime of the device. Further, it is advantageous if the worktop is part of a platform which is suitable to apply the powder bed for the additive manufacturing and gradually lowered abge ^¬ . The phrase "to the working level of the device for additive

Fabrication in a substantially parallel surface "in the sense of the present invention designates a surface which does not differ substantially from a theoretical plane parallel to the working plane Preferably such a substantially parallel surface obtained in step c) gives at most 0.5 mm, more preferably at most 0 , 2 mm, more preferably at most 0.1 mm, particularly preferably at most 0.04 mm, from a theoretical plane parallel to the working plane, which is arranged centrally between the highest and lowest point of the corresponding surface, which in step f) to representing working surface.

The term "work plane" in the sense of the present invention denotes the theoretical level in which a layer is built up in the device for additive manufacturing.

For example, this is in the case of the selective Laserschmel ^¬ zen using a metal alloy powder, the plane of the aufgerakelten metal alloy powder from which the corresponding layer of the component is built up.

The generated work data includes data required for the additive manufacturing apparatus to produce a desired final shape of the component. Here, the reference marks serve as reference points, so that the device for additive manufacturing the necessary steps for

Structure of the desired structures can perform. This can be done in particular without measuring the component in the device for additive manufacturing. In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein the working data after step d) are generated based on the spatial arrangement of the surface to be processed to the at least one reference mark, wherein the additive manufacturing device based on these working data in step f) the additive Fer ^¬ account the structure controls such that the structure adjoins the surface to be machined and is firmly connected to the component. The auxiliary plate serves as a basis for being able to transmit the relations of component and reference marking, which are determined in the measuring device, to one another in the apparatus for additive production. At the same time, its precise attachment to the work surface in the device allows the reference marks to be located at the associated position within the device, and thus the placement of the component due to the measurement data from step d) is indirectly known. The evaluation of the measured data and Generate ^¬ account the work data can take place automatically. This is particularly preferred if a larger number of construction ^¬ parts to be processed automatically.

Typically, it is preferred that the work data also include the data of the structure to be fabricated. The summary of the data required for processing for example, reduces the risk of confusion in the indust ^¬-material processing a large number of components.

Furthermore, it is advantageous to provide the auxiliary plate with a machine-readable marking such as a barcode.

In this way, measurement data can be assigned to specific components, and the risk of confusion are almost fully Schlos ^¬ sen. In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein after step d) measured data of the component are compared with reference data of the component, deviations between the measured data of the component and the reference data of the component are determined, the need ^¬ tion of an adaptation of reference data of the structure is determined and possibly adjusted based on the deviations ^¬ conditions of the measured data of the component, the reference data of the structure and working data are created with data of an adapted structure. Examples of reference data that can be used here are the CAD data that illustrate example, the original CAD data of the component ^¬ or CAD data that have been modified with respect to the structures to be applied. This has the advantage that hereby deviations from the theoretical shape of the component can be detected and incorporated into the processing. So can thus for example in deformation of the component adjustments are made to prevent a smooth upper surface running of the finished component sicherzustel ^¬ len and for example unwanted Nominalgeometrieabwei ^¬ tions in the component.

In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein the auxiliary plate is fixed in step e) at a predetermined position with a predetermined orientation on the worktop. Due to the possibility, the auxiliary plate is detachably fastened at a predetermined position with a predetermined orientation on the worktop a simple yet accurate way created, the data from the measurement in step d) to the Bezugssys ^¬ system of the device for additive manufacturing to be transmitted. This makes it possible in particular to use existing devices for ad ^¬ ditive manufacturing without additional measurement technology in the interior, with high-precision structures can be applied to any components. Given the prices of Vorrich ^¬ obligations and the flexibility of the disclosed in the present invention way the efficiency of the use of existing plants can be increased dramatically.

In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein the exact position and orientation of the auxiliary plate by a detection method after attachment to the worktop is determined. A determination of the exact position and orientation can also be made, for example, by detecting the position of different reference points of the auxiliary plate or of the at least one reference mark. Additionally or alternatively, the position of a defined side of the auxiliary plate by ei ^¬ ner measuring device can be determined for example, the analog of a dial gauge, in particular digital dial gauge, or analogous to a probe, digital or analog, is working or a dial gauge, preferably digital dial indicator, and / or a sensor, preferably a digital sensor. In this case, it is necessary for a corresponding measurement technology to be integrated in the interior of the device for additive production. However, because only a few points of the defined

Auxiliary plate must be determined, this is a very ^simple a ^¬ measurement technique sufficient and quickly ^perform the measurement ^¬ . The actual high-precision measurement of the exact position and / or shape of the component is nevertheless shifted to step d) and thus out of the device for additive production.

In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method wherein the at least one reference mark comprises 3-dimensional bodies attached to the auxiliary plate. Such reference markings can typically be measured very well with the conventional measuring methods in step d), so that preferably also the position of at least one reference mark can be determined simultaneously with the position of the component. This can avoid, for example, the position of a Referenzmarkie ^¬ tion and of the component are determined separately on the auxiliary plate, which is calculated therefrom indirectly the position of the component in Re ^¬ lation to the reference marking. Rather, the exact position of a component in relation to at least one reference mark can be obtained directly, which serves as a link to the reference system of the device for additive production. To simplify the measurement and / or increase the measuring accuracy, the use of 3-dimensional body is typically advantageous that at least one edge more before ^¬ Trains t 2 edges have. For example, cylinders are on the auxiliary plate with a circular base area, where ^¬ provides an edge for simplifying the measurement in the upper circular area.

It is also typically advantageous if at least one 3-dimensional body is used as a reference mark, the 3-dimensional body having a height of at least 0.5 cm, preferably at least 1 cm.

In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method wherein the at least one reference mark is measured with the same method as the component. By appropriate selection of the reference marking it possible that additional steps are vermie ^¬. In particular, the transfer of the supported component into another measuring device requires additional time. Moreover, the risk of an accident eliminates the transfer between the measuring devices, thereby changing the location of at least one component and therefore needs to be ^¬ measure again. Furthermore, this prevents the misallocation of measured data of different auxiliary plates.

Preferably, a component, optionally a plurality of components, and at least one reference mark are measured simultaneously. Further, measurement can be carried out, for example, first, the data of at least one component and min ^¬ least be obtained a reference mark. Subsequently, for example, in the case of a plurality of components on the auxiliary plate, the relation also can be measured from component to component in order indirectly to obtain a reference to the at least one reference mark.

In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein the component is a component of a ner turbine, more preferably a gas turbine, is. Such components particularly benefit from the possibilities of the method according to the invention. So various structures can be built on loading stationary components given the flexib ^¬ len manufacturing capabilities. This is particularly advantageous for turbine components, in particular gas turbine ^components , whose price makes the repair sensible and in which adjustments are to be carried out as part of an upgrade for the further optimization of the existing system. Furthermore, it is also possible to apply directly additively manufactured structures to new conventionally produced components in order to be able to offer more cost-effective new components with additively manufactured components. This also makes possible the direct repair of additively manufactured components which, on the one hand, have an increased significance in these areas and, on the other hand, can at least in part not be repaired by conventional methods.

Particularly preferably, the at least one component is a blade such as a vane or blade or a heat shield as it is present in the blade area or in the region of the combustion chamber. The method has proven particularly advantageous for structures on blades. For example, in structures at the ends of the blades in this case the respective component at the other end must be clamped ^¬ in a holder ^¬ , the attachment can be done so far best case with great effort in predefined high-precision orientation. In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein in step b) at least two components, more preferably at least four components, even more preferably at least eight components, each with at least one surface to be machined on the auxiliary plate fortified. Surprisingly, it has been found that a plurality of components can also be applied to the auxiliary plate, the measurement data providing sufficient information for processing. Although obscure with appropriate measurements in step d) some of the components parts of other components, however, the remaining visible region of the components in United ^¬ bond is sufficiently with the possibility of high-precision measurements in order to obtain the necessary data to create the Arbeitsda- th. Furthermore, in a separated measuring system, it is much easier to change the position and distance of the measuring device to the component in order to ensure that sufficient measurement data is obtained. This is particularly advantageous for additive manufacturing processes that take place in a powder bed, such as selective laser melting. Being able to process several components at the same time leads to a drastic increase in efficiency.

The term "additive manufacturing" refers to the production methods customary to the person skilled in the art, in which a component is constructed from an informal material such as liquids, gels or powders or shape-neutral materials such as band-shaped, wire-shaped or sheet-shaped materials based on a data model such as CAD data are hereby shapeless form or neutral substances from metals, Metalllegie ^¬ stanchions and ceramic materials, preferably metals and metal alloys selected. A typically preferred example of the additive manufacturing procedures are 3D printing process.

Examples of these methods are selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), selective laser sintering (SLS) and binder jetting from which in a further embodiment the additive manufacturing method is preferably selected. Particularly preferred are the selective laser melting, electron beam melting and selective laser sintering, more preferably the selective laser melting and electron beam melting. Such methods proved to be particularly suitable for use in the method according to the invention. For example, flexible 3D

Structures can be built on high-priced components with high precision and reliability. For special applications, in particular focusing on a particularly high temperature resistance have insbesonde ^¬ re additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser sintering and Binder jetting, in particular proved selective laser sintering to be advantageous.

For other embodiments, in particular, the binder jetting has proved to be advantageous if, for example, ^high quantities are to be processed at low cost.

In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method wherein the structure on the component is made of a metal, a metal alloy or a ceramic material, preferably a metal or a metal alloy. Preferably, a high temperature metal or a high temperature metal alloy is used, such as a nickel superalloy. This is particularly advantageous since hereby, for example, heavy-duty structures on Bautei ^¬ len can be built. For example, in the case of turbine components, these are not in line with the original material in terms of reliability and also permit flexible ^upgrading of, for example, existing turbine blade sets.

In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein the measurement in step d) takes place by means of an optical detection method, more preferably with an optical 3D scanner, even more preferably with a blue light scanner. Such systems are based on the prior ^¬ preferably fringe projection to means Bildsequen- zen the 3-dimensional detection of the surface of the Scanned ^¬ th objects to be determined. These methods are particularly geous before ^¬ since hereby with very high accuracy and high speed Ge ^¬ the measurements in step d) can be performed. This is particularly necessary for maintenance work, which within a narrow time window example ^¬ as complete Turbinenschaufeisätze a gas turbine over ^¬ works must be. In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein the at least one reference mark is at least partially applied by means of additive manufacturing on the auxiliary plate. The at least partial application of the reference mark by means of additive manufacturing makes it possible in a simple manner to connect the spatial reference system within the device for additive manufacturing with the coordinate system of a measuring device used in step d).

In further embodiments, it is preferred that Minim ^¬ least completely, more preferably completely all reference marks are applied by means of additive manufacturing and subsequently only takes place a reference mark an optional processing step by removal of material before the measurement in step d). Although this requires a larger Zeitbe ^¬ may in the apparatus for additive manufacturing, but avoids, for example, an additional process step, in which based on the location of partially applied reference mark more material is applied. The abovementioned material removal can be done, for example, by cutting. In this case, for example, one or more edges can be generated in particular. Furthermore, a prepared by additive manufacturing

Auxiliary plate comprising the required reference body are measured and serve as a basis for copies of this. In this case, auxiliary plates comprising identical reference markings are produced at identical points with high precision, for example by means of cutting processes. In further embodiments, therefore, the application of the reference marks by means of additive manufacturing as stated above or they are outside of an apparatus for additive manufacturing as a copy of such an auxiliary plate with reference marks produced using standard methods such as cutting manufacturing steps. Standard processes are those known to the person skilled in the manufacturing process, preferably not the selective laser melting, electric nenstrahlschmelzen or selective laser sintering include. For example, a combination of at least one material- ^applying method, such as build-up welding, for example laser deposition welding, can be used with at least one material-removing method, such as a machining operation. This allows easy and fast Ready Stel ^¬ development of device-specific reference points without large amounts of operating time of the corresponding device for additive manufacturing for the production of selected materials to expend plates.

In further embodiments, it is preferable that at least one reference point for exact alignment of a subsequently constructed reference body is applied by means of additive manufacturing. This has the time interpreting ^¬ Lich reduced in the sub-panel has to be processed in the Vorrich ^¬ processing for additive manufacturing, which is typically the time-limiting factor the advantage. A derar ^¬ tiger reference point can be done for example on a dummy body. The term "dummy-body" in the sense of the present invention refers to a body that the at least one reference mark is mounted on the auxiliary plate to the destination and having a larger volume than are required by ^¬ following reference mark. The inaccurate plate-cation and orientation of the reference bodies is subsequently compensated by the fact that on the pressure applied by means of additi ^¬ ver manufacturing reference point material is based removed from the blank body, preferably by machining, so that the reference body with a defined placement, shape and orien- tation results on the auxiliary plate. Additionally or al ^¬ ternatively this If desired, at least one reference body can be set up at a distance from it, in other embodiments it is preferred that during step e) at least one centering element of the work surface is connected to a counterpart of the auxiliary plate or at least one centering element of the auxiliary plate with a counterpart of the Ar beitsplatte be combined. Here, the Zentrierele ^¬ ment can be selected for example from known zero-point clamping systems. Preferably, it is protruding from the surface of each ^¬ weiligen elements At the very least partially towards its end taper. As the end of this case, the plate having the centering element abge ^¬ turned side is considered. For example, such a centering element preferably has at its end a slope or curvature, which steers the auxiliary plate to the exact position when connecting the worktop and auxiliary plate. The Ge ^¬ gene fragment of each other plate in this case provides a Publ ^¬ represents voltage, which is engaged by the centering and thus setting a defined orientation. In particular it is before Trains t ^¬ that the work plate has at least such a cen- rierelement.

In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method, wherein step a) comprises the following steps

al) attachment of the auxiliary plate to the worktop of the pre ^¬ direction for additive manufacturing, and

a2) applying at least one 3-dimensional body as a reference mark on the auxiliary plate by means of additive manufacturing.

According to a further aspect, the present OF INVENTION ^¬ dung relates to the aforementioned apparatus for additive manufacturing including a working plate and an auxiliary plate for imple ^¬ out the method according to the invention.

In further embodiments, it is preferred that the countertop is releasably connected to the additive manufacturing apparatus. This facilitates the replacement when Abnut ^¬ tion of fasteners for the auxiliary plate.

Alternatively, the worktop can be permanently installed in the device for additive manufacturing. By modifying a fixed worktop, although typically wisely increases the times required during maintenance. However, this can typically achieve even greater accuracy in positioning the worktop and thus the auxiliary panel attached thereto.

Further, the additive manufacturing apparatus preferably comprises a powder conveying component capable of feeding a metal powder, metal alloy powder or ceramic material powder, preferably metal powder or metal alloy powder, into the manufacturing area of the additive manufacturing apparatus.

In particular, devices for ad ^¬ ditive manufacturing have shown to be advantageous, which have a component for generating and controlling a laser beam and / or electron beam, wherein the laser beam and / or electron beam is suitable to melt a metal powder or metal alloy powder for additive manufacturing or a ceramic material powder sinter, preferably to melt a metal powder or metal alloy powder for additive manufacturing.

According to a further aspect, the present OF INVENTION ^¬ dung relates to the aforementioned composite structure for use in a method of the invention.

In further embodiments, it is preferred that the composite structure further comprises fastening elements for the component. This is particularly advantageous to allow a stable connection with the auxiliary plate.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to individual figures. Here it hinzuwei ^¬ sen that the figures are only schematically to understand, and from no lack of feasibility of the invention can be derived. In particular, they should not be construed as limiting the invention, the scope of which is specified solely by the claims. Furthermore, it should be noted that the technical characteristics Darge below ^¬ set to be claimed in any combination, as far as this combination can achieve a solution of the invention object.

FIG. 1 shows the detail of a schematic side view of an apparatus 8 for additive production during step f) of the method. For additive manufacturing, selective laser melting is used here. Here, it ^¬ clearly is the composite structure 10 comprising an auxiliary ^¬ plate 3, a reference mark 4 and a component 5. For the fastening of the component 5 on the auxiliary plate 3, two fastening elements 6 are used, in spite of the fir tree teeth at the lower end of the component 5 allow a secure fastening ^¬ tion in a defined position on the auxiliary plate 3. This allows the alignment of the component 5, so that the surface 1 to be processed is directed upward. The component 5 is a turbine blade in FIG. 1, which is a component of a gas turbine.

The composite structure 10 has been introduced after the measurement in step d) during step e) in the device 8 for additive Ferti ^¬ supply and was releasably secured to the worktop 2 at a predetermined position and in a predetermined orientation. Worktop 2 is gradually lowered during processing in step f). After the respective lower ^¬ From the working plate 2 and of the composite structure 10 connected thereto, a new powder layer is applied the advertising before another layer of the structure is generated.

As a powder in the case of this specific example the Pul ^¬ ver a nickel-base superalloy is used to provide a solid structure for hochwarm-. In the control of the additive manufacturing apparatus 8, work data obtained from measurement data of the step d) of the method is used. Here, the Vorrich ^¬ device 8 is controlled for additive manufacturing such that connecting the structure to the produced additive to be machined upper surface ^¬ 1 and is fixedly connected thereto.

The visible reference mark 4 has the shape of a cylinder with a circular base, which is attached to the auxiliary plate 3. As a reference mark 4 thus serves a 3-dimensional body. It is sunk in Figure 1 completely in the powder bed 7, from which in the device 8 for addi ^¬ tive production, the structure on the surface to be machined 1 of the component 5 is constructed.

Figure 2 shows as Figure 1 shows the detail of a schematic side view of an apparatus 8 for additive manufacturing in the process already shown in Figure 1. Figure 2, however, represents a later date in which already the structure 9 on the surface to be processed. 1 has been built.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation from step d) of the method already shown in FIG. 1 with the composite structure 10 shown therein. Due to the perspective view of the composite structure 10, three reference markings 4 are visible in FIG. The component 5 is fastened on the auxiliary plate 3 by means of two fastening elements 6. As already shown in Figure 1, the surface 1 to be processed is directed upward. The three visible reference marks 4 are cylinders with a circular base and thus 3-dimensional body, which are attached to the auxiliary plate 3. The stylized eye represents the optical measuring device, in this case a blue light scanner.

The composite structure 10 is measured by means of an optical onsverfahrens Detekti-, which in the present case, a blue light scanner which records the shape and Po ^¬ sition of the component 5 and the reference body by means of strip light. In this case, reference marks 4 and component 5 are measured by the same method. In this case, the measurement data obtained are used to determine the shape of the component 5 and to subsequently compare it with reference data. Based on this, if necessary, an adaptation of the data of the structure 9 to be constructed additively takes place, wherein the adapted data are forwarded to the device 8 as working data.

In addition, the exact spatial arrangement of the surface 1 to be processed to at least one of the reference marks 4 is detected. These data allow subsequent precise control of the surface to be processed 1 of the component 5 in the device 8, without these ^¬ own measurement technique must have inside. In this case, the position and orientation of the surface 1 to be processed in the device 8 are indirectly determined from the known position of the reference mark 4 in the device 8 and the aforementioned spatial arrangement of the reference mark 4 and the surface 1 to be processed. Once the auxiliary plate 3 is thus releasably secured to the work surface 2 at a predetermined position with a predetermined orientation, the structure 9 can be constructed by means of additive manufacturing, wherein the structure 9 to the surface to be machined 1 ^¬ closes and fixed to the component. 5 connected is.

Figure 4 shows the production of an auxiliary plate 3 in the device 8 for additive manufacturing, which is also shown in Figure 1. Here already a part of two reference marks 4 is constructed. The auxiliary plate 3 is detachably mounted on the work plate 2 at a predetermined position with predetermined orientation. Since the Referenzmar ^¬ kierung is made 4 additive in the specific device at a specified location, the control data of the device 8 for the preparation of the auxiliary plate 3 with the reference mark 4 contain a reference possibility between subsequent measurements as in step d) and the reference system of the controller of the device 8. Thus, it can be indirectly determined which location within the device 8 must be driven, if the location is known relative to the Re ference ^¬ mark. 4 The auxiliary plate 3 produced in Figure 4 is subsequently used directly in the process of Figures 1 and 2. Alternatively, for example, as described in the description this

Auxiliary plate 3 are, however, for example, reproduced by conven tional methods such as ^¬ chipping operations outside the apparatus. 8 Figure 5 shows a schematic sequence of the method also shown in Figures 1 and 2. Here, the steps a) to f) are passed through. Here, the procedural ^¬ ren either i) with step c), or ii) it can follow without ^¬ step c).

In step d) measured data to the component and at least egg ^¬ ner reference marker can be obtained. These are used to create work data for the control of the device. Further, for controlling the device, the information of the known position of the at least one reference mark in the apparatus for additive manufacturing is used at a known position and orientation of the auxiliary plate in the device. Preferably, the information of the known Posi ^¬ tion is used at least one reference mark in the apparatus for manufacturing the additive directly to generate together with the measurement data from step d) a data set for controlling the device. This allows the typically lower computing capacity of a control device to avoid a device for additive manufacturing as a limiting factor.

Claims

claims

1. A method for the additive production of a structure (9) on at least one surface to be machined (1) of a Bau ^¬ part (5) in a device (8) for additive manufacturing, wherein the device (8) for additive manufacturing a worktop (2 ), comprising the following steps

a) providing an auxiliary plate (3) suitable for Be ^¬ fastening to the worktop (2), wherein the auxiliary plate

(3) has at least one reference mark (4), b) fixing the component (5) on the auxiliary plate (3), c) optionally machining the at least one surface (1) to be machined to provide a working plane of the device (8) additive manufacturing essentially parallel surface (1),

d) measuring the at least one reference mark

(4) and the component (5), the position of the component

(5) is detected in relation to the at least one reference mark (4),

e) introducing the auxiliary plate (3) with the at least one reference mark (4) and the component (5) in the device (8) for additive manufacturing and releasably securing the auxiliary plate (3) on the worktop (2) and

f) machining of the component (5) in the device (8) for additive production by means of working data based on measurement data of step d).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the work data after step d) are generated based on the spatial arrangement of the surface to be processed (1) to the at least one reference mark (4),

wherein the device (8) for additive manufacturing based on these working data in step f) controls the additive manufacturing of the structure (9) such that the structure (9) adjoins the surface (1) to be machined and fixed to the component ( 5) is connected.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein after step d) measured data of the component (5) are aligned with reference data of the component (5),

Deviations between the measured data of the component (5) and the reference data of the component (5) are determined, the need for adaptation of reference data of the

Structure (9) is determined and

If appropriate, based on the deviations of the measured data of the component (5), the reference data of the structure (9) are adapted and working data with data of an adapted structure (9) are created.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the auxiliary plate (3) in step e) at a predetermined position with a predetermined orientation on the worktop (2) is attached.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exact position and orientation of the auxiliary plate (3) by a detection method after attachment to the worktop (2) is determined.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one reference mark (4) on the auxiliary plate (3) attached 3-dimensional body comprises.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one reference mark (4) is measured by the same method as the component (5).

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the component (5) is a component of a turbine.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step b) at least two components (5) each having at least one surface to be machined ^¬ (1) on the auxiliary plate (3) are attached.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing process is selected from the group consisting of selective laser melting, electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, and binder jetting.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the structure (9) on the component (5) made of a metal, a Me ^¬ talllegierung or a ceramic material is made.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the measurement in step d) takes place by means of an optical detection method.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein step a) comprises the following steps

al) fixing the auxiliary plate (3) to the worktop (2) of the device (8) for additive manufacturing, and

a2) applying at least one 3-dimensional body as a reference mark (4) on the auxiliary plate (3) by means of additive manufacturing.

14. A device (8) for additive production comprising a worktop (2) and an auxiliary plate (3) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 13,

wherein the worktop (2) is adapted to releasably secure the auxiliary plate (3) to the worktop (2), and

wherein the auxiliary plate (3) has at least one reference mark (4) and is adapted to be detachably connected to the work surface (2).

15. Composite structure 10 for use in a method according to one of claims 1 to 14 comprising

- An auxiliary plate (3) suitable for attachment to the worktop (2) of the device (8) for additive manufacturing,

- At least one component (5) for processing by additi ^¬ ver production, wherein the component (5) is attached to the auxiliary plate (3), and at least one reference mark (4) which is attached to the auxiliary plate (3), wherein the at least one reference mark Refe (4) is suitable as a reference point for the sitionsbestimmung the component (5) to be used.