EP3649113A1

EP3649113A1 - Continuous dilution of polyisocyanates

Info

Publication number: EP3649113A1
Application number: EP18733647.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Groth; Ruiwen WU; Antonio MIDOLO
Original assignee: Covestro Deutschland AG
Current assignee: Covestro Deutschland AG
Priority date: 2017-07-05
Filing date: 2018-07-02
Publication date: 2020-05-13
Also published as: CN110914245B; KR20200026266A; US20200115328A1; CN110914245A; US11091431B2; WO2019007895A1; JP2020525597A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a polyisocyanate composition, consisting of adding at least one solvent which is inert compared to isocyanate groups to at least one polyisocyanate, said method being characterised in that the addition of the solvent is carried out in one or more steps and at least one of these steps is continuous dilution. The invention also relates to the polyisocyanate compositions obtained according to said method, to the use of the polyisocyanate compositions, a two-component system containing the polyisocyanate composition and to composite systems produced using the two-component system.

Description

Continuous dilution of polyisocyanates

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a polyisocyanate composition, in particular a polyisocyanate composition from tolylene diisocyanate, and the polyisocyanate compositions obtainable therefrom. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of the polyisocyanate composition as a crosslinking agent in paints and adhesives and the use of a continuous dilution. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a two-component system containing the polyisocyanate composition and the composite systems obtainable therefrom.

Urethane-containing polyisocyanates of polyhydroxy compounds and toluene diisocyanate have been known for a long time and are described, for example, in US Pat. in DE 870 400, DE 953 012 and DE 1 090 196.

Toluene diisocyanate isocyanurates are prepared by cyclotrimerization using various catalysts. Such reaction products have also been known for a long time and are described, for example, in DE 951168 B, DE 1013869 A, US Pat. No. 6,936,678 B2, DE 19523657 A1, US Pat. No. 4,255,569 A, EP 2 174 967 B1 and CN 105001701.

There has long been a desire to present the known isocyanurates of tolylene diisocyanate on the one hand low viscous, on the other hand highly functional. Toluene diisocyanate is also referred to below as TDI.

For example, low viscosity is desirable to improve the application performance of paints and adhesives. In addition, when using low-viscosity polyisocyanates as crosslinkers of paints and adhesives, the solvent content of the formulation can be lowered. This means that the emissions of volatile organic compounds of such formulations can be reduced without adversely affecting the applicability.

In addition, it is desirable in the use of such polyisocyanates as crosslinkers in paints and adhesives that the polyisocyanates have a high content of isocyanate groups. This further increases sustainability in terms of a low content of organic solvents and fast networking, ie high process efficiency.

In addition, it is desirable that the isocyanurates of TDI contain a low level of free diisocyanate. Because of the toxicological questionability of the monomeric TDI, this is an important condition for universal applicability in industrially applied paints and adhesives. In the reaction of TDI to polyisocyanurate, as known from DE 951168B, DE 1013869A, very highly viscous resins are obtained, which makes the processing difficult or makes it necessary to use larger amounts of organic solvents. In addition, polyisocyanates of TDI have a high tendency to crystallize and are difficult to dissolve in organic solvents.

Another important factor is the solubility of the oligomeric isocyanurates in common organic solvents. Incomplete solubility leads to turbid solutions, which severely restricts the usability in coating or adhesive formulations.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing a polyisocyanate composition which can be used to obtain polyisocyanate compositions which have a low viscosity and, at the same time, the highest possible content of isocyanate groups. In addition, the polyisocyanate compositions should have the lowest possible color number.

This object has been achieved by processes for preparing a polyisocyanate composition comprising adding at least one isocyanate-inert solvent to at least one polyisocyanate, characterized in that the addition of the solvent takes place in one or more stages and at least one of these stages is carried out as a continuous dilution becomes.

The process according to the invention can be used to prepare polyisocyanate compositions which are more cloud-stable than the prior art and are therefore also suitable for uses in which clear solutions are required. The range of use is further improved by the fact that the polyisocyanate compositions have a color number of <100 Hazen, preferably <95 Hazen. The color number in Hazen is determined according to DIN EN 1557: 1997-03.

Thus, a process for producing a polyisocyanate composition which has a color number of <100 Hazen, preferably <95 Hazen, determined according to DIN EN 1557: 1997-03, comprising adding at least one isocyanate-inert solvent to at least one polyisocyanate, characterized in that the addition of the solvent takes place in one or more stages and at least one of these stages is carried out as a continuous dilution, an advantageous embodiment of the present invention. In a first preferred embodiment, the polyisocyanate is a polyisocyanate based on at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanate, preferably of an aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanate and especially preferably from an aromatic diisocyanate. The term of a diisocyanate is synonymous with based on such a diisocyanate.

Suitable aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates are, for example, selected from the group consisting of 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,5-diisocyanatopentane (PDI), 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI), 2-methyl-1,5-diisocyanatopentane , 1,5-diisocyanato-2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1,10-diisocyanato-dodecane, 1,3- and 1, 4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane, 1,3- and 1,4-bis- (isocyanatomethyl) -cyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl- 5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 1-isocyanato-1-methyl-4 (3) isocyanato-methylcyclohexane, bis (isocyanatomethyl) -norbornane, 1.3 and 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) benzene (XDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis (2-isocyanato-prop-2-yl) benzene (TMXDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 2, 4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI), 1,5-diisocyanatonaphthalene, 1,3- and 1,4-phenyl endiisocyanate, or any mixtures of such diisocyanates. Particularly preferred here are 1,5-diisocyanatopentane (PDI), 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI),

1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane, 1,3- and

1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 1 , 3- and 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) benzene (XDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI) or 1,5-diisocyanato naphthalene.

In particular, the present invention has the specific object of providing a process for preparing a polyisocyanate of toluene diisocyanate, which can be obtained from the toluylene diisocyanate, which have a low viscosity at the same time as high as possible content of isocyanate groups and also present as turbidity-stable solutions. In addition, the polyisocyanate compositions should have the lowest possible color number.

This particular object has been achieved by a process for preparing a polyisocyanate composition from tolylene diisocyanate, comprising adding at least one isocyanate-inert solvent to at least one polyisocyanate from tolylene diisocyanate, characterized in that the addition of the solvent takes place in one or more stages and at least one of these stages is carried out as a continuous dilution. Thus, in another preferred embodiment, the polyisocyanate is based on toluene diisocyanate. The term "from tolylene diisocyanate" is synonymous with "based on tolylene diisocyanate".

An advantageous embodiment of the present invention is also a process for the preparation of a polyisocyanate composition of toluene diisocyanate having a according to DIN EN 1557: 1997-03 specific color number of <100 Hazen, preferably <95 Hazen, comprising the addition of at least one isocyanate-inert solvent at least one polyisocyanate of tolylene diisocyanate, characterized in that the addition of the solvent takes place in one or more stages and at least one of these stages is carried out as a continuous dilution.

In the present case, tolylene diisocyanate is the generic term for the isomers 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate.

In the present invention, references to "comprising", "containing", etc., preferably mean "consisting essentially of" and most preferably "consisting of". In the present context, "continuous dilution" is to be understood as meaning that at least two volume flows, preferably exactly two volume flows, are mixed with each other in such a way that the dilution takes place essentially without a concentration course Product flow between <10% and <10% below, preferably between <5% and <5% below and more preferably between <2% and <2% may vary below the reachable solids content of the diluted product stream.

Suitable devices for continuous dilution are, for example, tees, two-pipe systems with static mixers, and boilers or intermediate boilers. In the present case, a vessel or intermediate dissolving vessel is understood to mean a vessel into which at least two volume flows are continuously introduced into a stirred volume from which the diluted product stream flows accordingly. This product stream is the polyisocyanate composition according to the invention, wherein in the presence of several dilution stages, the product stream obtained after the last dilution stage is the polyisocyanate composition according to the invention. The continuous dilution preferably takes place in that at least two liquid streams, particularly preferably exactly two liquid streams, are continuously introduced into a stirred volume from which the diluted product stream preferably flows off continuously. Such a stirred volume may be, for example, an aforementioned boiler. As a rule, these liquid streams are, on the one hand, the polyisocyanate from TDI (polyisocyanate stream) to be dissolved and, on the other hand, the at least one solvent inert to isocyanate groups (solvent stream). In contrast to the known batch dilution, disadvantages in the thorough mixing in the process according to the invention can be largely avoided since the desired concentration is always present directly. In addition, so the residence time can be kept as short as possible, which has an advantageous effect on the stability of the products.

Suitable solvents in polyurethane chemistry common diluents and solvents such as toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl glycol acetate, pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone, N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl ethyl ketone, white spirit, higher substituted aromatics, such as Solvent Naphtha®, Solvesso®, Shellsol®, Isopar®, Nappar® and Diasol® commercially available, heavy benzene, tetralin, decalin and alkanes having more than 6 carbon atoms, common plasticizers such as phthalates, sulfonic acid esters and phosphoric acid esters and mixtures of such diluents and solvents are used.

Other suitable solvents are polyisocyanates based on aliphatic diisocyanates, as described, for example, in US Pat. in DE-A 4 428 107 are described. This makes accessible dilute low-monomeric TDI trimers which contain no or less easily evaporable solvents and diluents.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the addition of the solvent takes place in at least two stages, the first stage being carried out as a continuous dilution. The at least second stage can be carried out continuously or batchwise. This results in the advantage that the turbidity stability of the polyisocyanate composition according to the invention is increased even further. In addition, the color number is further reduced.

It is also possible that a third, fourth, fifth or multiple stage is carried out, which must be weighed between the required procedural effort and the possible gain in further turbidity stability. It has been found that in most cases a two-stage addition brings the optimal balance of procedural effort and possible gain in further turbidity stability. In the case of a multistage or multistage addition of at least one solvent which is inert toward isocyanate groups, different dilution settings (solids contents) are achieved in the steps which are carried out sequentially in various apparatus, such as, for example, intermediate dissolving vessels. These dilution settings are also referred to below as solids contents. In the present case, solids content is understood as meaning the proportion by weight of the polyisocyanate in the polyisocyanate composition.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention in the first stage, a solids content of> 30 to <90 wt .-%, preferably> 50 to <85 wt .-%, more preferably> 55 to <75 wt .-% and completely particularly preferably> 60 to <70% by weight.

In this at least two-stage addition, it is further preferred if in the second stage, a solids content of> 10 to <80 wt .-%, preferably> 15 to <65 wt .-%, particularly preferably> 20 to <50 wt. % and very particularly preferably> 25 to <35 wt .-%, is set, wherein the adjusted in the first stage solids content in the second stage at least by 15 wt .-%, preferably at least 25 wt .-% is lowered. This results in the advantage that can be set on the at least two-stage addition solids contents which are as broad as possible suitable for later application of the obtainable by the process according to the invention polyisocyanate composition and are nevertheless turbidity stable.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the polyisocyanate is prepared from tolylene diisocyanate

(i) reacting toluene diisocyanate to form a polyisocyanate and

(ii) removal of the unreacted tolylene diisocyanate.

In the context of the present invention, the "removal of the unreacted tolylene diisocyanate" is to be understood as being substantially complete. "Substantially complete" is to be understood as meaning that residual contents of monomeric tolylene diisocyanate of <0.5% by weight are preferred <0.3 wt .-% and particularly preferably <0.1 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate of tolylene diisocyanate.

The removal of the unreacted toluene diisocyanate in step (ii) can be carried out by any desired methods. However, it is preferred if the removal of the unreacted tolylene diisocyanate in step (ii) is carried out by at least one thermal separation process which may comprise one or more stages, preferably by at least one two-stage thermal separation process and more preferably by at least one downcomer evaporator and / or at least one Thin-film evaporator takes place. This leads to the advantage that a sufficient separation of the unreacted toluene diisocyanate can be achieved even at higher throughputs.

Suitable thermal separation processes are, for example, distillations in vacuo by means of thin film evaporators and / or downpipe evaporators. For the removal of TDI are generally pressures in the range of 0.1-20 mbar and temperatures of 120-250 ° C suitable.

Preferably, the thermal separation process is carried out at a heating medium temperature of> 140 to <235 ° C and preferably from> 160 to <215 ° C. This results in the advantage that the removal of unreacted toluene diisocyanate takes place gently and yet efficiently. Depending on the process complexity, contents of monomeric tolylene diisocyanate of <0.5% by weight, preferably <0.3% by weight and particularly preferably <0.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate, can be omitted To realize tolylene diisocyanate, the lower these contents are, the broader the polyisocyanate composition according to the invention can be used, since workplace hygiene, in particular in craft applications, is further improved. The contents of unreacted toluene diisocyanate can be determined by gas chromatography according to DIN EN ISO 10283: 2007-11 with internal standard.

If, in addition to the tolylene diisocyanate, other or instead of the tolylene diisocyanate other diisocyanates from the above list are used, the abovementioned residual contents and separation possibilities relate to the total residual contents of the total monomeric diisocyanates, the skilled person making minor adjustments, for example with regard to the process parameters can to tune the separation to the corresponding monomeric diisocyanate to be removed.

In a further preferred embodiment, in step (i) of the process, a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate is used which contains> 50 to <99% by weight, preferably> 70 to <95% by weight. % and particularly preferably to> 75 to <90 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the toluene diisocyanate used, consists of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate. This results in the further advantage that a balanced balance between selectivity of the different reactive isocyanate groups in the 2,4-TDI and increasing the crystallization stability is achieved by at least a small proportion of 2,6-TDI.

Both 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and their mixtures are generally available commercially. They can be prepared by known methods, such as by phosgenation of the corresponding toluenediamine (TDA) in the liquid phase or the gas phase. Particularly preferred are tolylene diisocyanates prepared by gas phase phosgenation of TDA, since such a process is particularly efficient.

In another embodiment, the polyisocyanate formed in step (i) of the process is a urethane group-containing polyisocyanate of tolylene diisocyanate. This is preferably prepared so that polyhydroxy compounds are reacted with 5 to 10 times the molar amount of TDI. Here, suitable low molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds are dihydric to tetrahydric alcohols having a molecular weight of 62 to 146 and / or polyether polyols prepared therefrom by addition of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide in pure form or as any desired mixtures. Suitable dihydric to tetrahydric alcohols are, for example, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol , 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethylhexanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.

Suitable polyether polyols have a molecular weight from 106 to 600, preferably from 106 to 470, which can be calculated from hydroxyl group content and hydroxyl functionality. Preference is given to using polyether diols and polyether triols. These polyether polyols can be obtained in a conventional manner by alkoxylation of suitable two- to four-functional starter molecules or suitable mixtures of starter molecules, wherein in the alkoxylation in particular propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide, optionally in mixture in succession in any order used. The above-mentioned di- to tetrahydric alcohols are preferably used as starter molecules. Very particular preference is given to using mixtures of trimethylolpropane and diethylene glycol.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polyisocyanate of the process according to the invention is an isocyanate group-containing polyisocyanurate from tolylene diisocyanate, the reaction of tolylene diisocyanate in step (i) to form isocyanurate groups in the presence of at least one catalyst and at a content of isocyanate groups of> 30 to <46 Wt .-%, preferably from> 34 to <44 wt .-% and particularly preferably from> 38 to <42 wt .-% by adding at least one catalyst poison is stopped.

In this embodiment, the steps (i) and (ii) are preferably in the presence of> 0 to <1 wt .-% at distillation conditions inert, liquid, at least 50 ° C above the toluene diisocyanate boiling distillation aids and / or> 0 to <1 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used in step (i), of compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups carried out. Particularly preferred is that such distillation aids in amounts of> 0 to <0.5 wt .-%, preferably> 0 to <0.25 wt .-% and particularly preferably> 0 to <0.1 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used in step (i), and / or that the compounds which have one or more hydroxyl groups in amounts of> 0 to <0.8 wt .-%, preferably> 0 to <0 , 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably> 0 to <0.1 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used in step (i) are present. If appropriate, distillation aids present in these amounts and / or compounds optionally present in these amounts and having one or more hydroxyl groups have no negative influence on the process according to the invention. However, it is very particularly preferred if no distillation aids and / or compounds which have one or more hydroxyl groups are present in steps (i) and (ii) of the process according to the invention, with the exception of the aromatic compounds which may be present below hydroxyl groups.

If isocyanate-inert solvents are present in the process according to the invention in steps (i) to (ii), it is preferred that such solvents in steps (i) to (ii) be> 0 to <3% by weight. -%, preferably> 0 to <1 wt .-% and particularly preferably> 0 to <0.05 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used in step (i) may be present.

Suitable catalysts for the formation of isocyanurate groups, also referred to below as trimerization catalysts, are in principle all known catalysts of the prior art, for example phosphines, alkali metal salts, alkali metal alkoxides, tertiary amines, fluorides, hydrogendifluorides or hydrogen polyfluorides. It is preferable to use catalysts which have Ν, Ν-dialkylaminomethyl groups bound to aromatics and phenolic OH groups (alkyl: independently alkyl chain or alkylene chain having up to 18 carbon atoms, which are optionally separated by oxygen or sulfur). These groups can be distributed over several molecules or positioned on one or more benzene aromatics. Particular preference is given to using catalysts which contain both hydroxyl and dialkylaminomethyl groups in one molecule. Very particular preference is given to using catalysts whose dialkylaminomethyl groups (alkyl = C 1 to C 3 chain) are positioned ortho to aromatic hydroxyl groups. Examples include the following Mannich bases, such as those based on phenol, p-isononylphenol or bisphenol A, for example, by reacting 188 parts by weight of phenol with 720 parts of a 25% aqueous dimethylamine solution and 425 parts by weight of 40% formaldehyde solution Heating for 2 hours at 80 ° C, separating the aqueous phases and distillation of the organic phase at 90 ° C / 10 Torr according to DE-A 2 452 531 9 are obtained. The reaction in step (i) is generally carried out at temperatures between 20 and 120 ° C, preferably between 40 and 100 ° C and more preferably between 60 and 90 ° C.

The catalysts are used as pure substance or dissolved, if appropriate, in several small portions in step (i), wherein the amount can be varied over a wide range. Preferably, the amount of total catalyst used is> 0.001 to <2.0 wt .-%, preferably> 0.003 to <0.5 wt .-% and particularly preferably> 0.005 to <0.05 wt .-%, based on the Total weight of the compounds used in steps (i) and (ii).

The reaction in step (i) is stopped by addition of at least one catalyst poison, using as catalyst poisons, for example, sulfur (in the case of using phosphines as catalysts) or alkylating agents, such as, for example, toluenesulfonic acid methyl ester (in the preferred use of Mannich bases as catalysts) or acylating agents such as benzoyl chloride can be used.

The amount of catalyst poison to be used is selected according to the amount of catalyst used, so that the catalyst is deactivated. Preferably, a total of less than equimolar amount of the catalyst poison based on the equivalents of Lewis bases of the catalysts is used, even> 20 to <100%, based on the used equivalents of Lewis base of the catalyst, be sufficient for a complete deactivation of the catalyst ,

Regardless of which polyisocyanate from TDI is used in the process according to the invention, in a further preferred embodiment, after addition of the at least one isocyanate-inert solvent to the at least one polyisocyanate, preferably from tolylene diisocyanate, in a further step, the addition of at least one of the polyisocyanate of the above Embodiments Various polyisocyanate composition of tolylene diisocyanate, preferably at least one polyisocyanate cyanurate of tolylene diisocyanate and / or at least one polyurethane composition of tolylene diisocyanate, and optionally the addition of one or more auxiliaries and additives. This polyisocyanurate composition of tolylene diisocyanate and this polyurethane composition of toluene diisocyanate can be prepared by known methods, but also by the above-described method for preparing the isocyanate group-containing polyisocyanurate from tolylene diisocyanate and the urethane-containing polyisocyanate from tolylene diisocyanate.

This results in the further advantage that the physical and chemical properties of mixtures comprising at least one polyisocyanate according to the invention can be set in a targeted manner. Suitable auxiliaries and additives are, for example, the usual wetting agents, leveling agents, anti-foaming agents, anti-foaming agents, solvents, matting agents such as silica, aluminum silicates and high-boiling waxes, viscosity-regulating substances, pigments, dyes, UV absorbers, stabilizers against thermal or oxidative degradation.

A polyisocyanate composition prepared or preparable by the process according to the invention is a further object of the invention, since it has surprisingly been found that such a process procedure leads to cloud-stable compositions, whereas an addition of solvent in which at least one stage is not carried out as a continuous dilution cloudy compositions leads.

In this article of the invention, this is preferably for polyisocyanate compositions in which the polyisocyanate based on 1,5-diisocyanatopentane (PDI), 2-methyl-l, 5-diisocyanatopentane, l, 5-diisocyanato-2,2-dimethylpentane, 1 , 10-diisocyanatodecane, 2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 1-isocyanato-1-methyl-4 (3) isocyanato-methylcyclohexane, bis (isocyanatomethyl) - norbornane, 1,3- and 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) benzene (XDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis- (2-isocyanato-prop-2-yl) -benzene (TMXDI), toluene diisocyanate ( TDI), 2,4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI), 1,5-diisocyanatonaphthalene or 1,3- and 1,4-phenylenediisocyanate or mixtures of the aforementioned diisocyanates. Particularly preferred is the polyisocyanate based on 1,5-diisocyanatopentane (PDI), 2-methyl-l, 5-diisocyanatopentane, l, 5-diisocyanato-2,2-dimethylpentane, 1,10-diisocyanatodecane, 2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 1-isocyanato-1-methyl-4 (3) isocyanato-methylcyclohexane, bis (isocyanato-methyl) -norbornane, 1,3- and 1,3-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) benzene (XDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis (2-isocyanato-prop-2-yl) benzene (TMXDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,4 ' and 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI), 1,5-diisocyanatonaphthalene or 1,3- and 1,4-phenylenediisocyanate, and most preferably from tolylene diisocyanate (TDI).

In addition to the advantageous turbidity stability, the polyisocyanate compositions according to the invention have a very low color number of <100 Hazen, preferably <95 Hazen. The color number in Hazen is determined according to DIN EN 1557: 1997-03. Another object of the invention is the use of the continuous dilution in the solution of polyisocyanates, preferably of polyisocyanates from tolylene diisocyanate, to prevent turbidity in the polyisocyanate composition. The polyisocyanate composition of the invention is very well suited for use as a crosslinking agent in an adhesive or in a coating agent, preferably in an adhesive. Therefore, this is another object of the invention.

The polyisocyanate compositions which can be prepared by the process according to the invention are preferably used for the production of adhesives or coating materials which cure under the influence of atmospheric moisture. They can also be used for the production of adhesion promoters, printing inks and polyurethane moldings. They are particularly preferably used as crosslinkers in two-component systems with compounds which are known to be reactive toward isocyanate groups.

Another object of the invention is therefore a two-component system comprising an isocyanate component A) containing at least one polyisocyanate composition according to the invention, and an isocyanate-reactive component B) containing at least one isocyanate-reactive compound, preferably at least one hydroxyl-containing polyester.

Suitable compounds which are reactive toward isocyanate groups are, for example, hydroxy-functional polyethers, esters, amides, carbonates, acrylates, butadienes or mixed types of the hydroxy-functional polymers mentioned. Low molecular weight di- and polyols, di- and trimer fatty alcohols and amino-functional compounds can also be used in the two-component system according to the invention. In addition, cyclohexanone-formaldehyde condensates, for example in castor oil, are suitable. However, hydroxyl-containing polyesters are particularly preferred. In addition, in the coatings or adhesives, other auxiliaries and additives such as the usual wetting agents, leveling agents, anti-skinning agents, anti-foaming agents, adhesion promoters, solvents, matting agents such as silica, aluminum silicates and high-boiling waxes, viscosity regulators, pigments, dyes, UV absorbers, Stabilizers are used against thermal or oxidative degradation. The coating compositions can be used in the form of clearcoats as well as in the form of pigmented paints.

The coating materials or adhesives obtained can be used for coating or bonding any desired substrates, for example natural or artificial fibers, preferably wood, plastics, leather, paper, textiles, glass, ceramics, plaster, masonry, metals or concrete and particularly preferably paper or leather become. They can be applied using standard application methods such as spraying, brushing, flooding, pouring, dipping, rolling.

Therefore, a composite system, manufactured or prepared by curing the applied to at least one substrate inventive two-component system is a further object of the invention. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples, without, however, restricting them to them.

Examples

All percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.

The NCO contents were determined titrimetrically in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11909: 2007-05.

The residual monomer contents were measured according to DIN EN ISO 10283: 2007-11 by gas chromatography with an internal standard.

The turbidity was measured according to DIN EN ISO 7027-1: 2016. Example 1 (not according to the invention):

1500 g of a toluene diisocyanate isomer mixture of about 80% 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 20% of 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate are introduced at 80 ° C in a 2L flask. Then 0.52 g of a Mannich base (bisphenol / formaldehyde / dimethylamine 25% in butyl acetate / xylene 19:56) are metered in with stirring within 2 hours, the temperature being kept at 78-82 ° C. When an NCO content of 40.4% is reached, 1 g of dibutyl phosphate is added to stop the reaction. From the crude product thus obtained, the excess diisocyanate is then removed by distillation at temperatures of 180 ° C and a pressure of 0.05 mbar. The resulting hot resin (370 g) is pumped directly into a stirred flask equipped with a reflux condenser to 863 g of boiling ethyl acetate, which corresponds to a one-step, batchwise dilution from 100% solids to 30% solids. A solution is obtained with the following properties:

NCO: 7.1%

Monomer content: 0.08%

Haze: 21 NTU

Example 2 (according to the invention):

1500 g of a toluene diisocyanate isomer mixture of about 80% 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 20% of 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate are introduced at 80 ° C in a 2L flask. Then 0.52 g of a Mannich base (bisphenol / formaldehyde / dimethylamine 25% in butyl acetate / xylene 19:56) are metered in with stirring within 2 hours, the temperature being kept at 78-82 ° C. When an NCO content of 40.4% is reached, 1 g of dibutyl phosphate is added to stop the reaction. From the crude product thus obtained, the excess diisocyanate is then removed by distillation at temperatures of 180 ° C and a pressure of 0.05 mbar. The running out of the distillation hot resin is conveyed at 105 g / h by means of a pump directly into a stirred 500 ml 4-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser. At the same time, 245 g / h of ethyl acetate are allowed to run in from a dropping funnel and the continuously diluted product is passed through a submerged riser by means of a pump at 350 g / h continuously in a cooled receiver flask. The content of the 4-necked flask remains constant at approx. 400 g and has a temperature of approx. 80 ° C. A solution having a solids content of 30% and the following properties is obtained:

NCO: 7.0%

Monomer content: 0.03%

Turbidity: 12 NTU

Example 3 (according to the invention):

1500 g of a toluene diisocyanate isomer mixture of about 80% 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 20% of 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate are introduced at 80 ° C in a 2L flask. Then 0.52 g of a Mannich base (bisphenol / formaldehyde / dimethylamine 25% in butyl acetate / xylene 19:56) are metered in with stirring within 2 hours, the temperature being kept at 78-82 ° C. When an NCO content of 40.4% is reached, 1 g of dibutyl phosphate is added to stop the reaction. From the crude product thus obtained, the excess diisocyanate is then removed by distillation at temperatures of 180 ° C and a pressure of 0.05 mbar. The running out of the distillation hot resin is conveyed at 105 g / h by means of a pump directly into a stirred 500 ml 4-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser. At the same time, 57 g / h of ethyl acetate are allowed to run in from a dropping funnel and the continuously diluted product is continuously transferred via a submerged riser by means of a pump at 162 g / h into a cooled receiver flask. The content of the 4-necked flask remains constant at approx. 400 g and has a temperature of approx. 80 ° C.

Subsequently, the contents of the original flask are diluted in a discontinuous step with ethyl acetate to 30% solids. A solution is obtained with the following properties:

NCO: 7.0%

Monomer content: 0.05%

Turbidity: 2 NTU

Claims

claims

A process for preparing a polyisocyanate composition comprising adding at least one isocyanate-inert solvent to at least one polyisocyanate, characterized in that the solvent is added in one or more stages and at least one of these stages is carried out as a continuous dilution.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyisocyanate is based on at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanate, preferably from an aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanate and more preferably from an aromatic diisocyanate.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polyisocyanate is based on toluene diisocyanate.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the addition of the solvent takes place at least two stages, wherein the first stage is carried out as a continuous dilution.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first stage, a solids content of> 30 to <90 wt .-%, preferably> 50 to <85 wt .-%, particularly preferably> 55 to <75 wt. -% and very particularly preferably> 60 to <70 wt .-%, is adjusted.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in the second stage, a solids content of> 10 to <80 wt .-%, preferably> 15 to <65 wt .-%, particularly preferably> 20 to <50 wt. -% and very particularly preferably> 25 to <35 wt .-%, is adjusted, wherein the adjusted in the first stage solids content in the second stage at least by 15 wt .-%, preferably at least 25 wt .-% is lowered.

7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the polyisocyanate of toluene diisocyanate

(i) reacting toluene diisocyanate to form a polyisocyanate and

(ii) removal of the unreacted tolylene diisocyanate to a residual content of monomeric tolylene diisocyanate of <0.5% by weight, preferably <0.3% by weight and particularly preferably <0.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate, of tolylene diisocyanate.

A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the removal of unreacted toluene diisocyanate in step (ii) by at least one thermal Separation process, preferably by at least a two-stage thermal separation process and more preferably by at least one downpipe evaporator and / or at least one thin-film evaporator takes place.

A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one thermal separation process at a heating means temperature of> 140 to <235 ° C and preferably from> 160 to <215 ° C is performed.

A process according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the polyisocyanate of tolylene diisocyanate is an isocyanate-containing polyisocyanurate of tolylene diisocyanate, the reaction of tolylene diisocyanate in step (i) to form isocyanurate groups in the presence of at least one catalyst and at Content of isocyanate groups of> 30 to <46 wt .-%, preferably from> 34 to <44 wt .-% and particularly preferably from> 38 to <42 wt .-% by adding at least one catalyst poison is stopped.

11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the steps (i) and (ii) in the presence of> 0 to <1 wt .-% at distillation conditions inert, liquid, at least 50 ° C over toluylene diisocyanate boiling distillation aids and / or> 0 to <1% by weight, based on the total weight of the compounds used in steps (i) and (ii), of compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after addition of the at least one isocyanate-inert solvent to the at least one polyisocyanate in a further step, the addition of at least one polyisocyanate composition other than the polyisocyanate of the preceding claims of tolylene diisocyanate, preferably at least one Polyisocyanuratzusammen- tolylene diisocyanate and / or at least one polyurethane composition of toluene diisocyanate, and optional addition of one or more auxiliaries and additives.

A polyisocyanate composition prepared or preparable according to a process of claims 1 to 12, wherein the polyisocyanate is based on 1,5-diisocyanatopentane (PDI), 2-methyl-l, 5-diisocyanatopentane, l, 5-diisocyanato-2,2-dimethylpentane, 1,10-diisocyanato-decane, 2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,4'-diisocyanato-1,2-dimethylpentane. Diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 1-isocyanato-1-methyl-4 (3) isocyanato-methylcyclohexane, bis (isocyanatomethyl) -norbornane, 1,3- and 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) -benzene (XDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis (2-isocyanato-prop-2-yl) -benzene (TMXDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI), 1, 5-diisocyanatonaph thalin or 1,3- and 1,4-phenylenediisocyanate or any mixtures of these diisocyanates.

Use of the continuous dilution in the solution of polyisocyanates, preferably of polyisocyanates from toluene diisocyanate, to prevent turbidity in the polyisocyanate composition.

Use of a polyisocyanate composition according to claim 13 as a crosslinking agent in an adhesive or a coating agent, preferably in an adhesive.

Two-component system comprising an isocyanate component A) containing at least one polyisocyanate composition according to claim 13, and an isocyanate-reactive component B) containing at least one isocyanate-reactive compound, preferably at least one hydroxyl-containing polyester.

Composite system produced or producible by curing the two-component system applied to at least one substrate according to claim 16.