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EP3273305B1 - Bauteil für uhrwerk - Google Patents

Bauteil für uhrwerk Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3273305B1
EP3273305B1 EP16180228.5A EP16180228A EP3273305B1 EP 3273305 B1 EP3273305 B1 EP 3273305B1 EP 16180228 A EP16180228 A EP 16180228A EP 3273305 B1 EP3273305 B1 EP 3273305B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pivot
arbor
magnetic
pivots
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16180228.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3273305A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Charbon
Alexandre Fussinger
Marco Verardo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nivarox Far SA
Original Assignee
Nivarox Far SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nivarox Far SA filed Critical Nivarox Far SA
Priority to EP16180228.5A priority Critical patent/EP3273305B1/de
Priority to JP2017135240A priority patent/JP6543659B2/ja
Priority to US15/651,295 priority patent/US11131965B2/en
Priority to RU2017125568A priority patent/RU2752293C2/ru
Priority to CN201710584232.XA priority patent/CN107632511B/zh
Publication of EP3273305A1 publication Critical patent/EP3273305A1/de
Priority to HK18107787.2A priority patent/HK1248326A1/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3273305B1 publication Critical patent/EP3273305B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0069—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for working with non-mechanical means, e.g. chemical, electrochemical, metallising, vapourising; with electron beams, laser beams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a part for a timepiece movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivot pin for a mechanical timepiece movement and more particularly to a non-magnetic balance pin, anchor rod and escapement pinion.
  • the manufacture of a watchmaking pivot pin consists, from a hardenable steel bar, in performing bar-turning operations to define different active surfaces (bearing, shoulder, pivots, etc.) then in subjecting the bar-turned pin to heat treatment operations comprising at least one quench to improve the hardness of the pin and one or more tempers to improve its toughness.
  • the heat treatment operations are followed by a rolling operation of the axle pivots, an operation consisting in polishing the pivots to bring them to the required dimensions. During the rolling operation, the hardness and the roughness of the pivots are further improved. It will be noted that this rolling operation is very difficult or even impossible to perform with most materials whose hardness is low, that is to say less than 600HV.
  • Pivot axes for example balance axes, conventionally used in mechanical watch movements are made of free-cutting steel grades which are generally martensitic carbon steels including lead and manganese sulphides to improve their machinability.
  • a steel of this type designated 20AP is typically used for these applications.
  • This type of material has the advantage of being easily machinable, in particular of being suitable for bar turning and has, after quenching and tempering treatments, high mechanical properties which are very advantageous for the production of horological pivot axes.
  • These steels have in particular a high wear resistance and hardness after heat treatment.
  • the hardness of the pivots of an axle made of 20 AP steel can reach a hardness exceeding 700 HV after heat treatment and rolling.
  • this type of material has the disadvantage of being magnetic and of being able to disturb the rate of a watch after having been subjected to a magnetic field, and this in particular when this material is used for the production of a balance shaft cooperating with a spiral balance made of ferromagnetic material. This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art. It will also be noted that these martensitic steels are also sensitive to corrosion.
  • austenitic stainless steels which have the particularity of being non-magnetic, that is to say of the paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic type.
  • these austenitic steels have a crystallographic structure that does not allow them to be quenched and to achieve hardnesses and therefore wear resistances compatible with the requirements required for the production of horological pivot axes.
  • One way to increase the hardness of these steels is work hardening, however this hardening operation does not make it possible to obtain hardnesses greater than 500 HV. Consequently, in the context of parts requiring high resistance to wear by friction and having to have pivots presenting little or no risk of deformation, the use of this type of steel remains limited.
  • a similar approach, described in the patent FR 2 015 873 , provides for the production of a balance shaft of which at least the main part is made of certain non-magnetic materials.
  • the pivots can be in this same material or in steel. It is also possible to provide for the deposition of an additional layer applied by galvanic or chemical means, or from the gaseous phase (for example in Cr, Rh, etc.). This additional layer presents a significant risk of delamination.
  • This document also describes a balance shaft made entirely of hardenable bronze. However, no information is given on the manufacturing process of the pivots. In addition, a part made of hardenable bronze has a hardness of less than 450 HV. Such a hardness appears to those skilled in the art as insufficient to carry out a treatment by rolling.
  • Requirement US 2004/231159 describes the use of a soft metal which can be hardened by "direct hardening" by ion implantation to produce an external element of a watch, such as a watch case, a bezel, a back, a bracelet, a clasp, or a crown.
  • hardening by ion implantation is described as generating rough surfaces, which could be detrimental to a pivot axis of a watch movement.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing a pivot axis making it possible both to limit the sensitivity to magnetic fields and to obtain an improved hardness compatible with the requirements of resistance to wear and shocks in the watchmaking field.
  • the invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic pivot pin having improved corrosion resistance.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a non-magnetic pivot pin which can be manufactured in a simple and economical manner.
  • the invention relates to a pivot axis of a balance wheel, an anchor or an escapement pinion for a watch movement comprising at least one metal pivot at at least one of its ends.
  • the metal is a non-magnetic aluminum alloy in order to limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields, and at least the outer surface of said at least one pivot is hardened in depth relative to the core of the axle according to a predetermined depth .
  • the pivot pin makes it possible to combine advantages such as low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and in the main stress zones, hardness, in addition to good corrosion resistance. while maintaining good overall tenacity. Furthermore, the use of such a non-magnetic aluminum alloy is advantageous insofar as the latter have good machinability.
  • the invention relates to a clock movement comprising a pivot axis according to one of the preceding variants.
  • a surface area or the entire surface of the pivots is hardened without having to deposit a second material over the pivots.
  • the hardening is carried out directly in the material of the pivot pin, which advantageously allows, according to the invention, to avoid any subsequent delamination as can occur in the case of the deposition of a hard layer on the pin. .
  • the term “amagnetic” material means a paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic material, the magnetic permeability of which is less than or equal to 1.01.
  • An aluminum alloy is an alloy containing at least 50% by weight of aluminum.
  • the invention relates to a part for a clock movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivot axis for a mechanical clock movement.
  • non-magnetic balance shaft 1 a non-magnetic balance shaft 1.
  • other types of horological pivot shafts are possible, such as for example escapement pinion shafts, or more anchor rods.
  • Parts of this type have, at the level of the body, diameters preferably less than 2 mm, and pivots with a diameter less than preferably 0.2 mm, with an accuracy of a few microns.
  • a balance shaft 1 which comprises a plurality of sections 2 of different diameters, preferably formed by turning or any other machining technique by chip removal, and conventionally defining bearing surfaces 2a and shoulders 2b arranged between two end portions defining two pivots 3. These pivots are each intended to pivot in a bearing, typically in an orifice of a stone or ruby.
  • the metal 4 of the pivot 3 is a non-magnetic aluminum alloy in order to advantageously limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields.
  • at least the outer surface 5 of the pivots 3 ( Figure 2 ) is hardened in depth with respect to the rest of the pivot 3 according to a predetermined depth advantageously by means of an ion implantation process in order to offer, advantageously according to the invention, a high hardness at the level of said external surface while keeping high tenacity.
  • the outer surface hardened in depth of the pivots 3 has a hardness greater than 600 HV.
  • the non-magnetic aluminum alloy is chosen from the group comprising an aluminium-copper-lead alloy, an aluminium-silicon-magnesium-manganese alloy, an aluminium-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy, the proportions of the various elements of the alloys being chosen to give them non-magnetic properties as well as good machinability.
  • the aluminum alloy 7449 with the formula AIZn8Mg2Cu can also be used.
  • composition values are indicated in mass percentage.
  • the elements without indication of composition value are either the remainder (Aluminum) or elements for which the percentage in the composition is less than 1% by weight.
  • non-magnetic aluminum-based alloys can be envisaged when the proportion of their constituents gives them non-magnetic properties as well as good machinability.
  • a hardening depth of between 5% and 40% of the total diameter d of the pivots 3 is sufficient for application to a balance shaft.
  • the hardening depth is preferably around 15 ⁇ m all around the pivots 3.
  • a different hardening depth of between 5 % and 80% of the total diameter d can be provided.
  • the outer surface 5 hardened in depth of the pivots 3 comprises diffused atoms of at least one chemical element.
  • this chemical element can be a non-metal such as nitrogen, argon and/or helium.
  • the outer surface 5 of the pivot 3 comprises a hard surface layer but has no additional hardening layer deposited directly on said surface. external 5. It is obvious that other layers having no hardening function can be deposited. Thus, it is possible to deposit on the external surface of the pivot a layer of lubrication for example.
  • At least one superficial zone of the pivot is hardened, that is to say that the core of the pivots 3 and/or the rest of the axis, can remain little or not modified without significant modification of the mechanical properties of the balance shaft 1.
  • This selective hardening of the pivots 3 of the balance shaft 1 makes it possible to combine the advantages such as low sensitivity to magnetic fields, high hardness and toughness, in the main stress zones while having good resistance corrosion and fatigue.
  • Diffusion step b) comprises the diffusion of atoms of at least one chemical element, for example a non-metal, such as nitrogen, argon and/or helium.
  • a non-metal such as nitrogen, argon and/or helium.
  • the depth of hardening of the outer surface 5 can advantageously be increased using a heat treatment carried out during or after step b) of treatment by ion implantation.
  • the pivots 3 are rolled or polished after step b) in order to achieve the dimensions and the final surface condition desired for the pivots 3.
  • This rolling operation after treatment makes it possible to obtain axles having improved resistance to wear and shock compared to axles whose pivots have only undergone a hardening operation. Therefore, at least the outer surface 5 of the pivots 3 of the invention is rolled.
  • the method can be applied in bulk.
  • the compressive stresses of the process improve the fatigue resistance and the impact resistance.
  • the method according to the invention does not include any step of depositing, directly on the outer surface 5 of the pivot 3, an additional hardening layer.
  • the pivot pin according to the invention may comprise pivots treated as seen above or be made entirely of non-magnetic aluminum alloy.
  • the diffusion treatment of step b) can be carried out on the surface of the pivots or on all of the surfaces of the pivot axis.
  • the pivot axis according to the invention can be advantageously produced by bar turning or any other machining technique by removing chips from non-magnetic aluminum alloy bars with a diameter preferably less than 3 mm, and preferably less than 2 mm. mm.
  • Aluminum alloys are known to those skilled in the art for being too soft to be able to be rolled and for resistance to wear in motion.
  • the use of such materials according to the invention makes it possible, in a surprising and unexpected way, to achieve pivot axes with a hardness greater than 600 HV allowing rolling and satisfactory longevity in motion.
  • the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain a watchmaking pivot axis, at least the pivots of which are formed by bar turning (or any other machining technique by chip removal) and rolling from an alloy of non-magnetic aluminum.
  • the present invention is not limited to the example illustrated but is susceptible to various variants and modifications which will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • it can be envisaged to totally or almost totally treat the pivots 3, that is to say treat a percentage greater than 80% of the diameter d of the pivots 3 even if this is not necessary for the application.
  • pivot axes such as watch pendulum axes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Drehachse (1) einer Unruh, eines Ankers oder eines Hemmungsritzels für ein Uhrwerk, die an mindestens einem ihrer Enden mindestens einen Drehzapfen (3) aus Metall aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metall eine nichtmagnetische Aluminiumlegierung ist, um seine Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Magnetfeldern zu begrenzen, und dadurch, dass entsprechend einer vorgegebenen Tiefe zumindest die Außenfläche (5) des Drehzapfens (3) im Verhältnis zur Achsenmitte in der Tiefe gehärtet ist.
  2. Drehachse (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorgegebene Tiefe zwischen 5 % und 40 % des Gesamtdurchmessers (d) des Drehpunkts (3) beträgt.
  3. Drehachse (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in der Tiefe gehärtete Außenfläche (5) diffundierte Atome mindestens eines chemischen Elements aufweist.
  4. Drehachse (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in der Tiefe gehärtete Außenfläche (5) eine Härte von mehr als 600 HV aufweist.
  5. Drehachse (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nichtmagnetische Aluminiumlegierung ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus einer Aluminium-Kupfer-Blei-Legierung, einer Aluminium-Silizium-Magnesium-Mangan-Legierung und einer Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium-Kupfer-Legierung.
  6. Drehachse (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Außenfläche (5) des Drehzapfens (3) keine direkt auf der Außenfläche aufgebrachte Härtungsschicht aufweist.
  7. Drehachse (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest die Außenfläche (5) des Drehzapfens (3) gerollt ist.
  8. Drehachse (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwei Drehzapfen umfasst.
  9. Uhrwerk für ein Zeitmessgerät, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Drehachse (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
  10. Uhrwerk für ein Zeitmessgerät, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Unruhwelle (1), eine Ankerstange und/oder ein Hemmungsritzel mit einer Achse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 umfasst.
  11. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Drehachse (1) einer Unruh, eines Ankers oder eines Hemmungsritzels für ein Uhrwerk, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    a) Bilden einer Drehachse (1), die an mindestens einer ihrer Enden mindestens einen Drehzapfen (3) aus Metall aufweist, wobei das Metall eine nichtmagnetische Aluminiumlegierung ist, um seine Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Magnetfeldern zu begrenzen;
    b) Diffundieren von Atomen durch einen lonenimplantationsprozess entsprechend einer vorbestimmten Tiefe zumindest in die Außenfläche (5) des Drehzapfens (3), um die Drehachse (1) an den Hauptspannungszonen in der Tiefe zu härten und dabei eine hohe Zähigkeit beizubehalten.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorgegebene Tiefe zwischen 5 % und 40 % des Gesamtdurchmessers (d) des Drehzapfens (3) beträgt.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Diffundierens das Diffundieren von Atomen mindestens eines chemischen Elements umfasst.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es keinen Schritt zum Aufbringen einer Härtungsschicht direkt auf der Außenfläche (5) des Drehzapfens (3) umfasst.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drehzapfen (3) nach Schritt b) einem Roll-/Poliervorgang unterzogen wird.
EP16180228.5A 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 Bauteil für uhrwerk Active EP3273305B1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16180228.5A EP3273305B1 (de) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 Bauteil für uhrwerk
JP2017135240A JP6543659B2 (ja) 2016-07-19 2017-07-11 時計ムーブメント用の構成部品
US15/651,295 US11131965B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-07-17 Component for a timepiece movement
RU2017125568A RU2752293C2 (ru) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Компонент для часового механизма
CN201710584232.XA CN107632511B (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
HK18107787.2A HK1248326A1 (zh) 2016-07-19 2018-06-15 用於鐘錶機芯的構件

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16180228.5A EP3273305B1 (de) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 Bauteil für uhrwerk

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3273305A1 EP3273305A1 (de) 2018-01-24
EP3273305B1 true EP3273305B1 (de) 2023-07-19

Family

ID=56464143

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16180228.5A Active EP3273305B1 (de) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 Bauteil für uhrwerk

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11131965B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3273305B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6543659B2 (de)
CN (1) CN107632511B (de)
HK (1) HK1248326A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2752293C2 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3339968A1 (de) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-27 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Bauteil für uhrwerk
EP3587626B1 (de) * 2018-06-28 2023-02-22 Comadur S.A. Dekorteil, das durch inlayarbeiten erstellt wird

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JP2002034214A (ja) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-31 Seiko Epson Corp 発電機および電子制御式機械時計

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2017125568A3 (de) 2020-11-12
JP2018013480A (ja) 2018-01-25
CN107632511B (zh) 2021-08-06
US11131965B2 (en) 2021-09-28
EP3273305A1 (de) 2018-01-24
RU2752293C2 (ru) 2021-07-26
CN107632511A (zh) 2018-01-26
JP6543659B2 (ja) 2019-07-10
US20180024499A1 (en) 2018-01-25
RU2017125568A (ru) 2019-01-18
HK1248326A1 (zh) 2018-10-12

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