EP2921634B1 - Seal for doors for sealing an air gap between a door wing on the one hand and a door frame, a floor, a ceiling, a lintel or the like on the other hand - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a seal for doors for sealing an air gap between a door leaf on the one hand and a door frame, a floor, a ceiling, a fall o.ä. on the other hand.

From the document EP 1 936 097 A1 For example, a seal is known with which an air gap between a lower end of a door leaf and a floor can be sealed. The seal has a housing, which is referred to in the document as a guide profile. In this housing, a movable sealing strip is arranged, as it is known from automatic seals. The sealing strip is lowered when closing the door equipped with the seal and raised when opening the door.

The housing is inserted into a so-called outer rail, but leaving a gap between the housing and the outer rail. By this distance, a channel is formed between the housing and the outer profile, which extends from the closing side of the door leaf to the opening side of the door leaf or vice versa. This channel can be traversed by air in both directions for ventilation purposes, i. Air can pass from the opening side to the closing side through the door leaf as well as vice versa.

In buildings, especially in buildings with ventilation systems often so-called Zulufträume and so-called exhaust air rooms are established. Fresh air is supplied to the supply air spaces via the ventilation system, while room air is discharged from the exhaust air spaces. There may be more rooms between these rooms. Through the ventilation system, the air from the Zulufträumen air gaps on the inner doors, possibly moved over the other rooms in the exhaust air spaces, and then be discharged from the exhaust air. The air gaps to the Interior doors are therefore of particular importance in the concepts of central ventilation by ventilation systems. Air gaps on doors that are sealed for better sound insulation must therefore be sufficiently permeable for a functioning ventilation for air. Soundproofing and air permeability are two fundamentally contradictory requirements.

This is where the present invention begins.

The invention is based on the problem to propose a seal for a door, in particular an inner door, on the one hand allows air flow for the purpose of ventilation, on the other hand minimizes or prevents unnecessary air flow or sound passage through the door.

This problem is solved by a seal with the features of claim 1.

A seal according to the invention is an automatic door seal. The seal has a seal housing. In this a mechanism for automatically lowering a sealing strip is housed when closing a door equipped with the seal. The seal has an air passage opening between a first side and a second side of the seal. The air passage opening is provided outside the housing.

In addition, a seal according to the invention according to claim 1 comprises a sealing means which is movably mounted and / or is so flexible that it at a pressure gradient from the first side of the seal to the second side of the seal, the air passage opening releases. The sealant is mounted outside the seal housing.

The air passage opening may in particular be formed by an air gap between the seal housing and an outer housing or the walls of a groove at the lower end of a door leaf. Since automatic seals may also be mounted on an opening side or a closing side of a door leaf, the air passage opening may also be formed by an air gap between the housing and the opening side or the closing side of the door.

For the function of central ventilation by ventilation systems, the air permeability is sufficient in the direction in which the air moves from the supply air to the exhaust air space. In the opposite direction, therefore, no air permeability is necessary. As a result, sufficient soundproofing is achieved, at least in the periods in which no ventilation takes place, since in these cases the passage of air and sound through the air passage opening is prevented.

Preferably, a seal according to the invention is designed so that the sealing means releases the air passage opening only at a minimum pressure gradient from the first side to the second side of the seal. A released from the sealant cross-section of the air passage opening may depend on the pressure gradient. This can be a dependency according to the elasticity law, in particular Hooke's law.

A seal according to the invention can be used in particular in interior doors. The doors can be wooden doors or metal doors. The doors may be lock doors, doors closed Humid rooms such as bathrooms, toilets or kitchens, doors to over- or under-pressure rooms or to cleanrooms act. Inventive seals can be used in particular in doors of houses with central ventilation by ventilation systems, such as often in passive houses or in buildings with night cooling.

A seal according to the invention may have a first holding means on which the sealing means is mounted, guided or fastened. To release the air passage opening, the sealing means may be attached to the first holding means such that it is linearly moved and / or rotated relative to the first holding means. But it can be firmly connected to the first holding means. Then preferably parts of the sealing means for releasing the air passage opening are movable, in particular by displacement and / or by turning or pivoting. The first holding means may be a profile, a bar or a housing. At the first holding means may be provided a channel or a joint in which or which the sealing means is positively and / or non-positively attached and / or glued.

According to the invention, the sealing means may be a sealing lip or lamella or comprise a sealing lip or lamella made of an elastomer. The sealant may in particular be made of silicone.

It is possible that the sealant is made of materials of different hardness. In particular, then the sealant may have areas of different elasticity. Furthermore, it is possible that by shaping, in particular by constrictions, different material thicknesses or the like, the elasticity or the mobility of areas of the sealant is set so that areas of the sealant react differently to a pressure gradient for opening the air passage opening.

Connection structures may be provided on the sealing means. These connection structures can cooperate with connection structures on the first holding means for connecting these two parts of the seal.

According to the invention, the sealing means may be attached to the housing. Then, the housing can form the first holding means.

Alternatively, the first holding means may be different from the housing. The first retaining means could then be attached to the housing. It is also possible that this is fixed at a distance from the first holding means. The air passage opening may then be provided between the housing and the holding means. In the locked state of the air passage opening, the sealant may rest against the housing.

A seal according to the invention may comprise at least one fastening means, which on the one hand is detachably connected to the housing and on the other hand is suitable and arranged for fastening the seal to a door leaf. It may be a mounting bracket. The fastening means may in particular be provided for mounting the housing of an automatic seal according to the invention in a groove of a door or on the opening side or closing side of a door.

Preferably, in a seal according to the invention, a spacer element may be provided which defines a minimum dimension or an exact dimension for a cross section of the air passage opening.

The spacer may be part of the fastener. By the spacer element, for example, the position of the housing of an automatic seal in the groove of a door or relative to the opening side or closing side of a door can be defined.

In a particular embodiment of the seal, the sealant may be a permeable membrane in one direction.

A seal according to the invention may have an absorber chamber or a Helmholtz resonator. In particular, it may be positioned relative to the housing of an automatic seal such that it is disposed above the housing of the seal in a seal mounted in a groove at the lower end of the door leaf. At this point or at other locations of the seal may also be arranged an absorber material which absorbs sound.

Further, it is possible that the seal is equipped with intumescent material with which the air passage opening or other openings are sealed smoke-tight and fire-proof in case of fire.

A seal according to the invention may also be a seal which can be switched on and off, as described, for example, in the document DE 20 2007 000 534 U1 is disclosed.

A seal according to the invention may also be a seal which can be switched on and off, as described, for example, in the document DE 20 2007 000 534 U1 is disclosed.

Fig. 1

eine erste Variante einer in einer Nut in einem Türflügel angebrachten automatischen Dichtung mit einer Dichtlippe als Dichtmittel in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2

eine zweite Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer unvollständigen Seitenansicht,

Fig. 3

eine dritte Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer unvollständigen Seitenansicht,

Fig. 4

eine vierte Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 5

eine fünfte Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer unvollständigen Seitenansicht,

Fig. 6

eine sechste Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 7

eine siebte Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 8

eine in einer Nut in einem Türflügel angebrachte automatische Dichtung mit einem Befestigungswinkel mit Distanzelement zur Positionierung der Dichtung,

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt durch die Dichtung nach Fig. 8,

Fig. 10

eine Variante der Dichtung gemäß der Fig. 8 und 9 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 11

einen Schnitt durch die Dichtung nach Fig. 10,

Fig. 12 und 13

weitere Varianten der Dichtung gemäß der Fig. 8 und 9 in einer Schnittdarstellung,

Fig. 14

eine an einer Schließseite eines Türflügels angebrachte automatische Dichtung mit einer Dichtlippe als Dichtmittel in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 15

einen Befestigungswinkel für die Dichtung gemäß Fig. 14,

Fig. 16

einen horizontalen Schnitt durch eine Tür mit der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 14 und 15,

Fig. 17

eine erste Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 14 und 15 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 18

eine zweite Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 14 und 15 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 19

eine in einer Nut am unteren Ende eines Türflügels montierte Anschlagdichtung,

Fig. 20

die Dichtung gemäß Fig. 19 bei freigegebener Luftdurchtrittsöffnung,

Fig. 21

Varianten für Dichtungsmittel für eine Dichtung gemäß Fig. 19 und 20,

Fig. 22

eine in einer Nut am unteren Ende eines Türflügels montierte Auflaufdichtung,

Fig. 23

eine Variante der Dichtung gemäß Fig. 22,

Fig. 24

eine in einer Nut in einem Türflügel angebrachte automatische Dichtung mit einem Befestigungswinkel mit an einer Dichtleiste montiertem Dichtmittel und

Fig. 25

die Dichtung gemäß Fig. 24 in einem abgesenkten Zustand.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Therein show in a schematic representation:

Fig. 1

a first variant of an in a groove in a door mounted automatic seal with a sealing lip as a sealant in a side view,

Fig. 2

a second variant of the seal according to Fig. 1 in an incomplete side view,

Fig. 3

a third variant of the seal according to Fig. 1 in an incomplete side view,

Fig. 4

a fourth variant of the seal according to Fig. 1 in a side view,

Fig. 5

a fifth variant of the seal according to Fig. 1 in an incomplete side view,

Fig. 6

a sixth variant of the seal according to Fig. 1 in a side view,

Fig. 7

a seventh variant of the seal according to Fig. 1 in a side view,

Fig. 8

an automatic seal mounted in a groove in a door leaf with a fixing bracket with spacer element for positioning the seal,

Fig. 9

a section through the seal after Fig. 8 .

Fig. 10

a variant of the seal according to the 8 and 9 in a side view,

Fig. 11

a section through the seal after Fig. 10 .

FIGS. 12 and 13

Further variants of the seal according to the 8 and 9 in a sectional view,

Fig. 14

a mounted on a closing side of a door panel automatic seal with a sealing lip as a sealant in a side view,

Fig. 15

a mounting bracket for the seal according to Fig. 14 .

Fig. 16

a horizontal section through a door with the seal according to FIGS. 14 and 15 .

Fig. 17

a first variant of the seal according to FIGS. 14 and 15 in a side view,

Fig. 18

a second variant of the seal according to FIGS. 14 and 15 in a side view,

Fig. 19

a stop seal mounted in a groove at the lower end of a door leaf,

Fig. 20

the seal according to Fig. 19 with released air passage opening,

Fig. 21

Variants for sealing means for a seal according to FIGS. 19 and 20 .

Fig. 22

a run-up seal mounted in a groove at the lower end of a door leaf,

Fig. 23

a variant of the seal according to Fig. 22 .

Fig. 24

a mounted in a groove in a door panel automatic seal with a mounting bracket with mounted on a sealing strip sealant and

Fig. 25

the seal according to Fig. 24 in a lowered state.

First, on the FIGS. 1 to 7 Referring to show the variants of a mounted in a groove in a door leaf automatic seal with a sealing lip as a sealant. First, the commonality of the seals will be described before describing the individual characteristics of the seals.
Features that are only described for one variant can also be used for other variants, even if this is not specifically illustrated or described. This also applies to all other seals that are shown in the figures.

The variants of the automatic seals according to the invention have a housing 3, which is fastened in a groove at the lower end of a door leaf T by means of a fastening angle 2 and fastening elements 1, in the example screws. The housing is in cross-section substantially U-shaped and has two legs and a web connecting the legs.

The attachment of the housing is such that between an end of the groove and the web of the housing and side walls of the groove and the legs of the housing 3, an air passage opening L remains. Through this air passage, a directed air flow is possible. The direction of this flow is in the Fig. 1 and the Fig. 5 to 7 indicated by arrows.

In the housing 3, a mechanism is provided, which is fixed to the housing 3 and to which a sealing strip 4, 5 is attached. The sealing strip 4, 5 comprises a retaining profile 4 and a sealing profile 5 in a known design. Of this mechanism, only a trigger 6 is shown, which at a pressure, a downward movement of the sealing strip 4, 5 triggers, through which the sealing strip 4, 5 is pressed down against a floor B or the like to an air gap between the lower end of the door T and the floor B to seal. The mechanism is known in various designs from the prior art. The construction of the seal within the housing 3 may be known in the art.

The formed between the housing 3 and the groove bottom or the groove wall air passage opening L is sealed depending on the pressure conditions on the door T by a sealing means 7. A major difference between those in the Fig. 1 to 7 illustrated variants lies in the design of the sealant 7 and in the attachment of the sealant. 7

The sealants in the Fig. 1 to 7 illustrated variants of a seal according to the invention are made of an elastomer sealing lips.

When in the Fig. 1 illustrated variant 3 channels 31 are provided at the lower end of the legs of the housing 3 on the outside of the housing. These channels are formed symmetrically on the housing 3 in order to be able to determine the direction of ventilation at the time of installation of the seal on the door. In one of these channels 31, namely in the in the Fig. 1 Channel 31 shown on the left is retracted a bead 71 of the sealant 7, whereby the sealant 7 is held in the channel 31 substantially by positive engagement. In a relaxed state of the elastomeric sealant is a free end of the sealant on the underside of the door T on. At a sufficient pressure difference between a first side of the gasket corresponding to a first side of the door T and a second side of the gasket corresponding to a second side of the door T, the sealing agent 7 lifts in an opening direction of the sealant 7 from the bottom of the door Door 7 and thus releases the air passage opening L for an air flow around the housing 3 of the seal. If the pressure difference is reversed, the sealing means 7 is pressed counter to its opening direction against the underside of the door T, whereby the air passage opening is blocked for an air flow.

In the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 variants shown, the sealing means are attached to an upper end of the leg in the region of the edge between the leg and the web of the housing 3 on the housing 3. In the variant after Fig. 2 the sealant 7 is glued into one of two joints, which are formed symmetrically on the housing 3 in order to determine the direction of ventilation at the time of installation of the seal on the door can. In the variant after Fig. 3 a bead 71 is drawn into one of two channels 31 and fixed by positive locking. These channels are formed symmetrically on the housing 3 in order to be able to determine the direction of ventilation at the time of installation of the seal on the door. In both variants lies a free end of the sealant on a groove wall. By a pressure difference can in the variants after the FIGS. 2 and 3 the sealing means are pivoted in the direction of the legs of the housing to release the air passage opening L for a flow of air.

The in the Fig. 3 variant shown differs from the Fig. 1 illustrated variant essentially by the sealing profile 4 of the sealing strip 4, 5. This has in the variant after Fig. 4 Wing, which rest against the inside of the housing 3 and thus prevent or at least complicate a draft or sound passage through the housing 3.

In the in the FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrated variants, the sealant 7 is not attached to the housing 3 of the seals. Rather, in these variants, the seals on a separate housing 3 from the first holding means 9, which is fixed in the groove of the door leaf T. These first holding means 9 have a channel into which the sealing means 7 are drawn and fixed in a form-fitting manner. Free ends of the sealing means 7 are in blocked air passage opening L to the housing 3.

At variants according to FIGS. 5 and 6 Sound absorbers 8 are provided in the groove base, which prevent or at least complicate a passage of sound through the air passage opening in particular when released through the sealing means 7 air passage opening L. In the variant according to the Fig. 5 the absorber fills the entire groove bottom and the first holding means 9 is attached to the absorber 8. In the variant according to Fig. 6 the first holding means 9 is fastened to the groove base and the region of the groove base not covered by the first holding means 9 is covered with the absorber 8. It is with variants according to Figures 5 and 6 possible that the sound absorber 8 has intumescent properties.

The seal variant according to the invention Fig. 7 is unlike the previously discussed variants not in the groove of a wooden door but provided in the groove of a metal door. In the illustrated variant, two first holding means 9 are provided in the groove base, so that the mounting location and the passage direction of the sealant 7 can be changed or selected.

The FIGS. 8 to 13 relate to the attachment of the housing 3 of the seals in the FIGS. 1 to 7 When mounting the seal in a groove of a door must be ensured that the cross section of the air passage opening is so large that a sufficient air flow is possible without exceeding a maximum value for a flow velocity and drafts will occur. This minimum dimension for the cross section can be structurally determined by the design of the mounting bracket 2.

The FIGS. 8 and 9 show in principle the possibility to attach a housing 3 of a seal according to the invention in a groove with a mounting bracket 2 and a screw 1, as they already from the document DE 203 00 265 U1 is known. The mounting bracket 2 has a first leg and a second leg. The first leg is inserted into the housing 3. The second leg has a slot through which the screw 1 is screwed through and into the door leaf T.

The Fig. 10 shows a variant of the mounting bracket with two parallel slots. These have the advantage of being twisted of the housing 3 or the mounting bracket 2 is difficult or prevented in a possibly improper force on the seal. In addition, this variant of the mounting bracket is designed so that the second leg is wider than the groove and connect in the plane of the second leg down, towards the lower end of the door T-facing tabs. Due to the wider first leg and the tabs, the air passage opening is covered laterally.

The FIGS. 11 to 13 show variants of mounting brackets 2 with spacers 21, which ensure a minimum distance of the housing from the groove bottom. Mounting brackets of this type are already in the utility license application DE 20 2013 105 687 described. The spacer element 21 of the variant Fig. 13 or a further spacer element not only ensures a minimum distance to the groove bottom but also for a defined lateral minimum distance of the housing to the groove walls. Thereby, a minimum cross section of the air passage opening L can be ensured.

The in the FIGS. 14 to 18 illustrated variants of automatic seals according to the invention are provided for mounting on a closing side of a door leaf. The housings, the mechanisms in the housings and the sealing strips of the gaskets basically correspond to the gaskets of the Fig. 1 or 5 to 7.

The seal according to Fig. 14 to 16 differs from the seal according to Fig. 1 by the used mounting bracket 2 and the sealant used 7. The mounting bracket 2 is designed so that the housing 3 of the seal in a distance defined by spacers 21 to the closing side of the Door leaf T is attached. On a first leg of the mounting bracket 21 are provided as spacers two projections which are laterally inserted into the housing and thereby not only set the distance of the housing 3 to the door T but also create a positive connection between the housing 3 and the mounting bracket 2. A second leg of the mounting bracket has two screw holes through which screws 1 are passed for attachment to the door T. Due to the distance of the housing 3 from the door T, the air passage opening L is created.

In the first leg, a recess is provided between the projections through which a trigger 6 of the seal is guided.

In the channel 31 at the lower end of the door leaf T facing leg of the housing 3, a sealing means 7 is retracted, which abuts the door T, when the air passage opening L is blocked for passage of air.

In the Fig. 16 a part of the door frame R and a rebate seal F is shown next to the seal and the door leaf.

The in the FIGS. 17 and 18 Variants shown differ from the seal according to the Fig. 14 to 16 essentially in that the sealing means 7 is not fastened to the housing 3 but to a first holding means 9, which is fastened to the closing side of the door leaf T. The sealant 7 is in the variant according to Fig. 17 on which the closing side of the door leaf T facing legs of the housing, when the air passage opening L is locked. In the variant according to Fig. 18 on the other hand, the sealing means abuts against the web of the housing 3. The holding means 9 is at both variants designed so that it covers the gap between the housing 3 of the seal and the door leaf, without closing it.

The in the FIGS. 19 and 20 Shock seal shown is like the seals according to the Fig. 1 to 13 mounted in grooves at lower ends of door leaves T. It has a first holding means 9, which is fastened with screws 1 in the groove base. The holding means 9 has a channel 91 in which the sealing means 7 is retracted. The sealant 7 protrudes out of the groove. An air passage opening is bounded by the underside of the door leaf T and a threshold S. In the locked case (in Fig. 19 shown) proposes the sealant 7 at the threshold S while in the case of the released air passage opening ( Fig. 20 ) the sealant 7 is lifted from the sill by the pressure difference on the different sides of the seal.

In the Fig. 21a to 21e are different variants of the sealant 7 shown in side views, which in both the stopper seal after FIGS. 19 and 20 , as well as at the casserole seals according to FIGS. 22 and 23 can be used. In detail shows
Part a) a sealant 7 made of a homogeneous material,
Sub-figure b) a downwardly tapered sealing means 7, the lower end has a higher flexibility than the upper, so as to make an air passage easier,
Sub-figure c) a sealant 7 with one-sided Sollknickstellen to facilitate movement in one direction and to complicate in the other direction
Part d) a sealant 7 from a combination of a hard material (above) and a soft material (below) and
Part figure e) a sealant 7 with several predetermined bending points.

The casserole according to Fig. 22 has a first holding means 9 that is attached via mounting bracket 2 with a slot and with a run through the slot screw 1 in the groove of a door leaf. The retracted in a channel 91 of the first holding means 9 sealing means 7 protrudes down out of the groove. The extent to which the sealing means 7 protrudes from the groove can be determined by the positioning of the first holding means 9 by means of the mounting bracket 2. The casserole according to Fig. 22 has a sound absorber 8 mounted in the groove base, which improves sound insulation.

At the casserole seal according to Fig. 23 In contrast, a first holding means 9 is fastened by means of screws 1 directly in the groove base. In the groove, a sound absorber 8 is arranged, which improves sound insulation. The sealing means 7 is drawn into a channel 91 of the first holding means 9 and not adjustable in height.

In the variants after FIGS. 22 and 23 For example, the material of the sound absorber 8 may be replaced by an intumescent material. It is also possible that the sound absorber has intumescent properties.

When in the FIGS. 24 and 25 shown automatic seal, a housing of the seal is arranged in the groove bottom. The seal has a first holding means 9, which forms a sealing strip together with a sealing means 7. Basically, this sealing strip 7, 9 of the Fig. 4 known sealing strip 4 correspond to a channel for receiving the sealant 7. The sealing strip 7, 9 is connected via a mechanism to the housing 3. The seal can be brought into a lowered state by a trigger, which may possibly be actuated independently of the closing or opening of the door equipped with this seal, in which the sealant 7 rests on the floor B. In this state, an air passage opening L, which is bounded by the underside of the door leaf T and the floor B, be locked against an air passage ( Fig. 25 ). On the other hand, if there is a pressure difference in one direction from the first side of the gasket (left in the figure) to the second side of the gasket (right in the figure), the sealant is partially pivoted to a position where air passage is possible ( in Fig. 25 shown in dashed lines).

Claims (9)

1. Seal for doors for sealing an air gap between a door leaf (T) on the one hand and a door frame, a threshold (S), a floor (B), a ceiling, a lintel or similar on the other hand,

   - wherein the seal is an automatic door seal,

   - wherein the seal has a seal housing (3) and in the seal housing (3) there is accommodated a mechanism for the automatic lowering of a sealing strip (4, 5), when a door equipped with the seal is closed, and

   - wherein the seal has an air passage opening (L) formed in whole or in part by the seal between a first side and a second side of the seal,

   - wherein the air passage opening (L) is provided outside the seal housing (3),

   characterised in that
   the seal comprises a sealing means (7), wherein the sealing means (7) is attached outside the seal housing (3) and wherein the sealing means (7) is guided movably in a guide or is mounted movably in a mounting and/or is pliable, so that the sealing means (7) releases the air passage opening (L) in the event of a pressure drop from the first side of the seal to the second side of the seal, whereas the sealing means (7) blocks the air passage opening (L) in the event of a reverse pressure drop.
2. Seal according to claim 1, characterised in that the seal has a first holding means (9), on which the sealing means (7) is mounted, guided or fastened.
3. Seal according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the sealing means (7) is a sealing lip or sealing washer or comprises a sealing lip or sealing washer that is made from an elastomer.
4. Seal according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the sealing means (7) is attached to the seal housing (3) and the seal housing (3) forms the first holding means.
5. Seal according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the sealing means (7) is fastened on the first holding means (9), which is different from the seal housing (3), and in the blocked state of the air passage opening (L) lies against the seal housing (3).
6. Seal according to claim 5, characterised in that the air passage opening (L) is provided between the seal housing (3) and the holding means (9).
7. Seal according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the seal comprises at least one fastening means (2), which on the one hand is connected detachably with the seal housing (3) and on the other hand is suitable and arranged for the fastening of the seal to a door leaf (T).
8. Seal according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the seal has a spacing element (21), which defines a minimum dimension or a precise dimension for a cross-section of the air passage opening (L).
9. Seal according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the sealing means is a membrane that is permeable in one direction.

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