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EP2718028B1 - Dynamic separator for pulverulent materials and corresponding separation method - Google Patents

Dynamic separator for pulverulent materials and corresponding separation method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2718028B1
EP2718028B1 EP12731079.5A EP12731079A EP2718028B1 EP 2718028 B1 EP2718028 B1 EP 2718028B1 EP 12731079 A EP12731079 A EP 12731079A EP 2718028 B1 EP2718028 B1 EP 2718028B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
selection
primary
rotor
blades
air
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP12731079.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2718028A2 (en
Inventor
Michel Brulefert
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PA Technologies
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PA Technologies
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/08—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force
    • B07B7/083—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force generated by rotating vanes, discs, drums, or brushes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • B07B4/06—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall using revolving drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/08—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the classification of powders of various grain sizes, in a dynamic separator traversed by a gas flow, generally air.
  • the classification of powders or grains into two granulometric fractions can be suspended in air by means of dynamic separators. These separators use to separate the particles according to their size, the forces created by the movement of the air and by the rotary separation members.
  • the most recent separator generation is commonly referred to as the "third generation". From a raw product of the same particle size, these separators make it possible to extract more fines, in a selected particle size range, than the apparatuses of previous generations.
  • the materials to be separated are powders, often of mineral origin, such as cement, lime or limestone, whose granulometric spectrum can range from a few microns to several millimeters.
  • third-generation appliances such as the one schematized in section on the figure 1 the separation of the particles takes place in a restricted annular volume, called “selection chamber" 3, delimited, on the external side, by the fixed blades 5 for guiding the selection air 4, and, on the internal side, by the Selection rotor blades 6.
  • the rotor 6 is integral with a vertical shaft 8 which rotates it.
  • the material to be selected is generally fed by gravity, through several material inlet chutes 1, distributed at the upper part of the selection chamber 3.
  • the material leaving the chutes then falls on an annular distribution plate 2, which centrifugally, in order to distribute it uniformly in the selection chamber 3.
  • There are also separators where the material to be selected is brought into the selection chamber, suspended in the air 4, through the guide plates 5.
  • Each particle entering the selection chamber 3 is subjected to the resultant of the force of gravity, the centrifugal force initiated by the rotation of the turbine 6 and the resistance force of the selection air 4 introduced through the lamellae 5.
  • the lighter particles, called fines penetrate inside the selection chamber 7 where they are entrained by the air towards the outlet duct 9.
  • the heavier particles, called rejects fall by gravity into the refusal chamber 10 where they are evacuated, by gravity, through the outlet orifice 11.
  • the quality of the separation is quantified by parameters derived from a so-called Tromp curve, which makes it possible to know, for a given particle size range, the quantities of fines trapped in the refusals.
  • the cutoff point is the dimension for which any particle smaller than this dimension is classified in fines and any particle larger than this dimension is classified in rejections.
  • the desired cutoff point is obtained by varying the rotational speed of the selection rotor. Indeed, an increase in this rotation speed increases the component of the centrifugal force, and thus allows smaller particles to compensate for the force of the air flow by the centrifugal force, and thus to have the time to fall by gravity in the refusal room 10. This therefore reduces the cutoff diameter.
  • the separation quality evolves in a non-linear manner, in the opposite direction of the selection chamber concentration criterion, a criterion measuring the ratio between the quantity of material supplying the chamber and the flow of air passing through it.
  • concentration criterion measuring the ratio between the quantity of material supplying the chamber and the flow of air passing through it.
  • this reduction requires increasing the amount of air passing through the separator and therefore the volume of the selection chamber, which increases the size of the separator and its energy consumption, often reducing the profitability of the separator. investment, with regard to the commercial value of the product to be selected.
  • a third-generation separator has only two adjustment parameters which are the rotational speed of the rotor and, in a range generally restricted to +/- 10% of its nominal value, the air flow of ventilation.
  • the document EP0 250 747 discloses a separator having a first separation volume, from which fines go directly to the outlet. Discharges are conducted to a second separation volume below, which improves the separation quality of coarse rejects by removing more fines.
  • this solution does not reduce the necessary air flow, but instead requires to increase to supply the two separation volumes. It does not therefore make it possible to significantly improve the cutoff quality for a given ratio of the mass flow rate of particles to the volume of air.
  • the document DD 241 869 discloses a separator with two concentric separation volumes, with rotors rotating in opposite directions to cause a greater difference in velocity, and to increase the flow rate of constant size treated material. Such a solution does not, however, improve the quality of separation.
  • the present invention proposes a solution making it possible to avoid at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks, and relates to a separator whose internal arrangement of the classification organs makes it possible to split the selection, which leads to a substantial reduction in the final concentration rates, without any increase. the volume of air required.
  • a dynamic separator for pulverulent materials such as cement, lime or raw materials according to claim 1, comprising a primary rotor, rotatable about a vertical axis, with selection blades. at its periphery so as to sweep, during the rotation of the primary rotor, a hollow circular cylinder, a secondary rotor having secondary selection blades disposed at its periphery, a part of said secondary selection blades being located therein said cylinder, so as to form a secondary selection chamber between said primary selection blades and said secondary selection blades, and guide vanes located outside said cylinder so as to form a primary selection chamber between said blades of guide and said primary selection blades.
  • This dynamic separator is particular in that said secondary selection blades and said guide vanes protrude under said cylinder, so as to form, under said cylinder between said guide vanes and said secondary selection blades, a refusal selection chamber, intended to carry out a complementary separation operation against refusals from the primary and secondary selection chambers.
  • the secondary selection chamber recovers an air discharged from a part of the refusals, and therefore with a lower concentration of material. For a given airflow, this provides improved performance in terms of separation quality.
  • the refusal selection chamber makes it possible to create a second flow of fines, and to improve the overall rate of production of fines.
  • the invention also relates to a dynamic separation method according to claim 9 by means of a separator according to the invention fed by a selection gas, for example selection air.
  • a selection gas for example selection air.
  • the separator according to the invention is illustrated, in one of the possible configurations, by the figure 2 . It comprises a primary rotor 6 driven by a primary shaft 19 and a secondary rotor 14 coaxial with the primary rotor 6 and driven by a secondary shaft 8.
  • the selection blades of the primary rotor 6 define a cylinder which they sweep during the rotation of the rotor.
  • the annular volume formed by the space between the guiding lamellae 5 and the selection blades of the primary rotor 6 form the primary selection chamber 3.
  • the contiguous annular space delimited by the selection blades of the primary rotor 6 and the rotor secondary 14, constitutes the secondary selection chamber 7, the secondary selection blades being arranged at least partly inside the cylinder described above.
  • the primary rotor 6 rotates at a lower speed than the secondary rotor 14, and this speed can, depending on the application, be fixed or variable for an optimization adjustment.
  • the selection air 4 enters the separator through the guide vanes 5 with a radial velocity towards the rotation axis of the rotors. Due to the rotation of the primary rotor 6, the selection air 4 takes a tangential speed in addition to its radial velocity. An appropriate inclination of the guide vanes 5 makes it possible to initiate this tangential velocity. As a result, the particles suspended in the selection air 4 are driven by the air flow, towards the inside of the primary rotor 6, and in a rotational movement inducing a centrifugal force.
  • the centrifugal force exerted on a particle increases proportionally to its volume, so substantially like the cube of its dimension, while its resistance to the air flow increases proportionally to its area, so substantially like the square of its dimension.
  • the smaller particles will move more towards the inside of the rotor, and the larger particles, more sensitive to the centrifugal force, will stay longer in the annular space formed by the selection chamber, and will more often fall down. in the refusal room 10.
  • the selection air 4 arrives in the secondary selection chamber 7 with a lower amount of material, and the selection work is therefore done on a more weakly concentrated product. Since the speed of rotation of the secondary rotor 14 is higher, the centrifugal force increases, and the cut-off dimension is smaller, making it possible to drive towards the outlet duct 9 a stream of fines that is sufficiently fine because of the lower cutoff. and of very good quality because of the lower concentration of particles in the secondary selection chamber 7.
  • the height of the selection blades of the primary rotor 6 are between half and three quarters of the height of the selection blades of the secondary rotor 14.
  • the discharges arriving in this chamber are at selected again, at an even lower concentration, resulting from the respective elimination of the fines fractions in the primary and secondary selector chambers 7.
  • This refusal selection chamber 12 operates with the speed of rotation of the secondary rotor 14, and so with a cutoff point identical to that of the secondary selection chamber 7.
  • the cutoff quality is here also very good, because of the low concentration of material.
  • the refusal selection chamber 12 thus makes it possible to drive towards the outlet duct 9 a second stream of fines, which joins the first stream of fines described above.
  • the secondary rotor 14 is partitioned, in its lower part, by a diaphragm 15 compensating for the least pressure drop experienced by the fraction of the air passing through the rejection selection chamber 12, with respect to the fraction that passes through both the primary and secondary rotors. Without this diaphragm 15, most of the incoming air would pass through the refusal selection room 12 where the separation would be extremely well done, but little air would pass through the primary and secondary screening chambers, where there would be would therefore have a much less good separation.
  • the diaphragm 15 thus makes it possible to adjust the distribution of the selection air flow 4 between the upper part and the lower part of the secondary rotor 14.
  • This diaphragm 15 cuts in two parts, in the direction of the height, the secondary rotor 14.
  • the upper part 13 receives the fines coming from the primary and secondary selections chambers 7, while the lower part 16 receives the residual fines picked up in the refusal selection chamber 12.
  • the selection air 4 loaded with fines leaves the upper part of the secondary rotor 14, through the outlet duct 9.
  • a circular seal 17 prevents the suction of particles fed by the ducts 1, by the air exiting through the duct 9.
  • this air exits through a duct placed at the base of the secondary rotor 14.
  • Example 1 Class 32.5 cement at 85% passers to 32 .mu.m.
  • the separator is supplied with 100 t / h of material to be separated at a rate of 2.5 kg / m 3 of air.
  • the secondary refusals represent 27.4 t / h, and come s' add to 48.5 t / h of primary refusals to give a flow rate of 75.9 t / h that enters the refusal selection room 12, with a concentration of 1.9 kg / m3.
  • This concentration makes it possible to recover 13 t / h of fines cut to 28 ⁇ m, which adds up to 24.1 t / h, which makes it possible to reach a production of 37.1 t / h, which comes out as a product. finished by the conduit 9.
  • Example 2 class 52.5 cement at 93% passers at 32 ⁇ m
  • the separator is supplied with 100 t / h of material to be separated at a rate of 2.5 kg / m 3 of air.
  • the secondary refusals represent 31.6 t / h, and come s' add to 48.5 t / h of primary refusals to give a flow of 80.1 t / h which enters the refusal selection chamber 12, with a concentration of 2.0 kg / m3. This concentration makes it possible to recover 11.6 t / h of fines cut at 22 ⁇ m, which adds up to 19.9 t / h, which makes it possible to reach a production of 31.5 t / h, which comes out as that finished product by the conduit 9.
  • the material to be selected is fed by gravity through the material inlet chutes 1, distributed around the periphery of the primary selection chamber 3.
  • the number of these chutes depends on the size of the separator and the flow rate to be treated; it is generally greater than or equal to two, to ensure a distribution as homogeneous as possible.
  • the material thus dispersed falls in the primary selection chamber 3 where each grain is subjected to the triple effect of the centrifugal force, generated by the rotation of the primary rotor 6, the thrust of the air selection 4 and gravity.
  • a large proportion of grains larger than the primary cut-off point defined by the rotational speed of the primary rotor 6 therefore falls in the rejection selection chamber 12, whereas the largest proportion of grains smaller than or equal to the primary cutoff is driven into the secondary selection chamber 7.
  • the secondary rotor 14 rotating at a higher speed than that of the primary rotor 6, by increasing the centrifugal force, induces a cutoff point of smaller dimension than that created by the primary rotor 6. This results in the elimination of a second quantity of refusals, which in turn fall into the rejection selection chamber 12.
  • the secondary rotor 14 is provided with a speed variation device which makes it possible to adjust the final cut-off point as a function of the particle size curve sought. of the finished product.
  • all the refusals are subjected to a third selection, in order to extract the residual fines that have been trapped in the rejects during the two previous selections.
  • the blades of the secondary rotor 14 extend into the rejection selection chamber 12, and are active in cooperation with the lamellae.
  • the blades can be rectilinear, and move with the rotation of the secondary rotor 14 in the same diameter in this area as at the level of the secondary selection chamber 7. But they can also be located further from the axis of the rotors, or closer, according to the needs of the design of the separator, these blades can also be blades independent of those which are active at the secondary selection chamber 7, but fixed on the same secondary rotor 14.
  • the concentration levels in the two selection chambers 7 and 12 being substantially lower than the initial concentration in the chamber 3, the recovery rates of fines are higher than those of a third generation separator having an equivalent selection air flow rate 4 and a rotor rotating at the same speed as the secondary rotor 14 of the separator according to the invention (see examples above).
  • the separator may not comprise a rejection selection chamber 12. This has the advantage of the lowest concentration in the secondary selection chamber 7. Nevertheless, the results obtained for a concentration of given material are generally worse, because it does not take advantage of the third chamber to recover a complementary flow of fines.
  • the separator according to the invention can be fed according to the gravity mode common to the third generation separators, from material inlet chutes 1 supplying a distribution tray 2.
  • the figure 4 shows an example of a ventilation scheme in which the air charged with fines 20 is introduced into a filter allowing the separation of these fines, and their recovery 25, under the filter hopper, while the purified air 21 is extracted by a fan
  • the invention discloses another variant, illustrated by the figures 3 and 5 .
  • the material 1 to be selected is brought into suspension in the primary fraction 4a of the selection air 4, which fraction exclusively feeds the selection chambers 3 and 7.
  • the balance of the selection air 4 constituting the secondary fraction 4b entering the rejection selection chamber 12, is free of suspended matter, thereby avoiding increasing the concentration rate in this zone.
  • the separation of the airs at the level of the rotors is done according to the principle illustrated by the figure 5 , where the secondary fraction 4b of the air arrives through an air distribution duct 24, which distributes it through the lower part of the guide vanes 5.
  • the secondary fraction 4b of the air comes from the recirculation 22 of a fraction of the purified air 21.
  • An introduction point 23 makes it possible to control, if necessary, the temperature of the secondary fraction 4b of the air by introducing through the point of introduction 23 an air or a gas at a fixed temperature.
  • the separator according to the invention makes it possible to adjust the ratio of the speeds of the primary and secondary rotors, so as to minimize the concentration levels in the selector chambers with a constant air flow rate.
  • the selection air 4 can be replaced by a hot combustion gas, allowing the material to be dried during the classification phases.
  • the separator proposes a single feed point of fresh material 1, preferably arranged axially, and is responsible for optimizing this distribution by the distribution plate 2, of seamless way for the installer.
  • the latter can be oriented in a standard manner, in a vertical plane, 15 degrees in 15 degrees, between 45 and 90 degrees, depending on the needs of the installer.
  • the installer can choose between an annular inlet, from below, where a cyclonic side entry. This flexibility greatly facilitates the implementation of the separator, especially in existing workshops where there may be strong installation constraints.
  • the present invention is particularly intended for the classification of powders, such as those produced in industrial grinding plants of any capacity, and over a wide range of fineness, ranging from a few microns to several mm.

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Description

La présente invention concerne la classification de poudres de granulométries variées, dans un séparateur dynamique traversé par un flux gazeux, généralement de l'air.The present invention relates to the classification of powders of various grain sizes, in a dynamic separator traversed by a gas flow, generally air.

La classification de poudres ou de grains en deux fractions granulométrique peut se faire en suspension dans de l'air, au moyen de séparateurs dynamiques. Ces séparateurs utilisent pour séparer les particules en fonction de leur taille, les forces créées par le mouvement de l'air et par les organes rotatifs de séparation.The classification of powders or grains into two granulometric fractions can be suspended in air by means of dynamic separators. These separators use to separate the particles according to their size, the forces created by the movement of the air and by the rotary separation members.

La génération de séparateurs la plus récente est communément désignée comme la « troisième génération ». A partir d'un produit brut de même granulométrie, ces séparateurs permettent d'extraire plus de fines, dans un intervalle granulométrique choisi, que les appareils des générations antérieures.The most recent separator generation is commonly referred to as the "third generation". From a raw product of the same particle size, these separators make it possible to extract more fines, in a selected particle size range, than the apparatuses of previous generations.

Ils sont dotés d'un ou plusieurs rotors à axes verticaux, munis en périphérie de pales de sélection fixes, généralement radiales. Ces rotors, ou cage de sélection, sont aussi désignés sous le terme de « cage d'écureuil ». Les matières à séparer sont des poudres, souvent d'origine minérale, tel que du ciment, de la chaux ou des calcaires, dont le spectre granulométrique peut aller de quelques microns à plusieurs millimètres.They are equipped with one or more rotors with vertical axes, provided on the periphery with fixed, generally radial, selection blades. These rotors, or selection cage, are also referred to as "squirrel cage". The materials to be separated are powders, often of mineral origin, such as cement, lime or limestone, whose granulometric spectrum can range from a few microns to several millimeters.

Les principes de fonctionnement de cette famille de séparateurs sont décrits, entre autres, dans les documents USP 4, 551,241 et EP 0 023 320 .The operating principles of this family of separators are described, inter alia, in the documents USP 4, 551,241 and EP 0 023 320 .

Dans les appareils de troisième génération, tel que celui schématisé en coupe sur la figure 1, la séparation des particules se déroule dans un volume annulaire restreint, appelé « chambre de sélection » 3, délimité, du coté externe, par les ventelles fixes 5 de guidage de l'air de sélection 4, et, du coté interne, par les pales du rotor de sélection 6. Le rotor 6 est solidaire d'un arbre vertical 8 qui le met en rotation.In third-generation appliances, such as the one schematized in section on the figure 1 the separation of the particles takes place in a restricted annular volume, called "selection chamber" 3, delimited, on the external side, by the fixed blades 5 for guiding the selection air 4, and, on the internal side, by the Selection rotor blades 6. The rotor 6 is integral with a vertical shaft 8 which rotates it.

La matière à sélecter est généralement alimentée par gravité, au travers de plusieurs goulottes d'entrée matière 1, réparties à la partie supérieure de la chambre de sélection 3. La matière sortant des goulottes tombe ensuite sur un plateau annulaire de répartition 2, qui la centrifuge, afin de la distribuer uniformément dans la chambre de sélection 3. Il existe aussi des séparateurs ou la matière à sélecter est amenée dans la chambre de sélection, en suspension dans l'air 4, au travers des ventelles de guidage 5.The material to be selected is generally fed by gravity, through several material inlet chutes 1, distributed at the upper part of the selection chamber 3. The material leaving the chutes then falls on an annular distribution plate 2, which centrifugally, in order to distribute it uniformly in the selection chamber 3. There are also separators where the material to be selected is brought into the selection chamber, suspended in the air 4, through the guide plates 5.

Chaque particule entrant dans la chambre de sélection 3 est soumise à la résultante de la force de gravité, de la force centrifuge initiée par la rotation de la turbine 6 et de la force de résistance de l'air de sélection 4 introduit au travers des ventelles 5. Les particules les plus légères, appelées fines, pénètrent à l'intérieur de la chambre de sélection 7 où elles sont entrainées par l'air vers le conduit de sortie 9. Les particules les plus lourdes, appelées rejets, tombent par gravité dans la chambre des refus 10 d'où elles sont évacuées, par gravité, au travers de l'orifice de sortie 11.Each particle entering the selection chamber 3 is subjected to the resultant of the force of gravity, the centrifugal force initiated by the rotation of the turbine 6 and the resistance force of the selection air 4 introduced through the lamellae 5. The lighter particles, called fines, penetrate inside the selection chamber 7 where they are entrained by the air towards the outlet duct 9. The heavier particles, called rejects, fall by gravity into the refusal chamber 10 where they are evacuated, by gravity, through the outlet orifice 11.

La qualité de la séparation est quantifiée par des paramètres issus d'une courbe dite de Tromp, qui permet de connaître, pour une tranche granulométrique donnée, les quantités de fines piégées dans les refus.The quality of the separation is quantified by parameters derived from a so-called Tromp curve, which makes it possible to know, for a given particle size range, the quantities of fines trapped in the refusals.

Le point de coupure est la dimension pour laquelle toute particule inférieure à cette dimension est classée dans les fines et toute particule supérieure à cette dimension est classée dans les refus. Le point de coupure recherché est obtenu en faisant varier la vitesse de rotation du rotor de sélection. En effet une augmentation de cette vitesse de rotation augmente la composante de la force centrifuge, et permet donc à des particules plus petites de compenser la force du courant d'air par la force centrifuge, et ainsi d'avoir le temps de tomber par gravité dans la chambre des refus 10. Cela réduit donc le diamètre de coupure.The cutoff point is the dimension for which any particle smaller than this dimension is classified in fines and any particle larger than this dimension is classified in rejections. The desired cutoff point is obtained by varying the rotational speed of the selection rotor. Indeed, an increase in this rotation speed increases the component of the centrifugal force, and thus allows smaller particles to compensate for the force of the air flow by the centrifugal force, and thus to have the time to fall by gravity in the refusal room 10. This therefore reduces the cutoff diameter.

D'après l'expérience industrielle acquise sur les séparateurs de troisième génération, la qualité de séparation évolue de façon non linéaire, en sens inverse du critère de concentration en chambre de sélection, critère mesurant le rapport entre la quantité de matière alimentant la chambre et le débit d'air qui la traverse. En d'autres termes, quand la masse de particules par mètre cube d'air augmente, la qualité de séparation baisse. Par conséquent, toute augmentation de la qualité de coupure n'est possible que par une diminution notable de cette concentration. Pour un débit de matière donné, cette diminution nécessite d'augmenter la quantité d'air traversant le séparateur et donc le volume de la chambre de sélection, ce qui accroit la taille du séparateur et sa consommation énergétique, obérant souvent la rentabilité de l'investissement, en regard de la valeur commerciale du produit à sélecter. Or, par conception, un séparateur de troisième génération ne dispose que de deux paramètres de réglage qui sont la vitesse de rotation du rotor et, dans une plage restreinte généralement à +/-10 % de sa valeur nominale, le débit d'air de ventilation.According to the industrial experience acquired on the third-generation separators, the separation quality evolves in a non-linear manner, in the opposite direction of the selection chamber concentration criterion, a criterion measuring the ratio between the quantity of material supplying the chamber and the flow of air passing through it. In other words, when the mass of particles per cubic meter of air increases, the quality of separation decreases. Therefore, any increase in the cutoff quality is only possible by a significant decrease in this concentration. For a given material flow, this reduction requires increasing the amount of air passing through the separator and therefore the volume of the selection chamber, which increases the size of the separator and its energy consumption, often reducing the profitability of the separator. investment, with regard to the commercial value of the product to be selected. However, by design, a third-generation separator has only two adjustment parameters which are the rotational speed of the rotor and, in a range generally restricted to +/- 10% of its nominal value, the air flow of ventilation.

Le document EP0 250 747 divulgue un séparateur ayant un premier volume de séparation, duquel les fines partent directement vers la sortie. Les rejets sont conduits vers un deuxième volume de séparation situé en dessous, lequel améliore la qualité de séparation des rejets grossiers en en retirant d'avantage de fines. Néanmoins cette solution ne permet pas de réduire le débit d'air nécessaire, mais nécessite au contraire de l'augmenter pour alimenter les deux volumes de séparation. Elle ne permet donc pas d'améliorer significativement la qualité de coupure pour un rapport donné du débit massique de particules au volume d'air.The document EP0 250 747 discloses a separator having a first separation volume, from which fines go directly to the outlet. Discharges are conducted to a second separation volume below, which improves the separation quality of coarse rejects by removing more fines. However, this solution does not reduce the necessary air flow, but instead requires to increase to supply the two separation volumes. It does not therefore make it possible to significantly improve the cutoff quality for a given ratio of the mass flow rate of particles to the volume of air.

Le document EP0 492 062 qui est considère comme l'état de la technique le plus proche divulgue un séparateur selon le préambule de la revendication 1, à deux volumes de séparation concentriques, visant à permettre la production d'au moins trois flux de matière de dimensions différente, avec une qualité de séparation améliorée, mais néanmoins insuffisante. Une telle solution ne permet pas de réduire la quantité d'air.The document EP0 492 062 which is considered to be the closest state of the art discloses a separator according to the preamble of claim 1, with two concentric separation volumes, designed to allow the production of at least three material streams of different dimensions, with a improved separation quality, but nevertheless insufficient. Such a solution does not reduce the amount of air.

Le document DD 241 869 divulgue un séparateur à deux volumes de séparation concentriques, avec des rotors tournant en sens inverse l'un de l'autre pour provoquer une différence de vitesse plus importante, et augmenter le débit de matière traitée à dimension constante. Une telle solution ne permet néanmoins pas d'améliorer la qualité de séparation.The document DD 241 869 discloses a separator with two concentric separation volumes, with rotors rotating in opposite directions to cause a greater difference in velocity, and to increase the flow rate of constant size treated material. Such a solution does not, however, improve the quality of separation.

La présente invention propose une solution permettant d'éviter au moins une partie des inconvénients précités, et concerne un séparateur dont la disposition interne des organes de classification permet de fractionner la sélection, ce qui conduit à réduire sensiblement les taux de concentration finaux, sans augmentation du volume d'air requis.The present invention proposes a solution making it possible to avoid at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks, and relates to a separator whose internal arrangement of the classification organs makes it possible to split the selection, which leads to a substantial reduction in the final concentration rates, without any increase. the volume of air required.

Par rapport à un séparateur de troisième génération, il en résulte, soit un gain en quantité de fines produites, soit à même quantité de fines, une diminution de la quantité d'air requise, ou encore un compromis des deux.Compared to a third generation separator, this results in either a gain in the amount of fines produced, or the same amount of fines, a decrease in the amount of air required, or a compromise of both.

A cet effet, elle propose un séparateur dynamique pour matériaux pulvérulents, tels que du ciment, de la chaux ou des matières crues selon la revendication 1, comprenant un rotor primaire, mobile en rotation autour d'un axe vertical, doté de pales de sélection primaires disposées à sa périphérie de sorte à balayer, lors de la rotation du rotor primaire, un cylindre circulaire creux, un rotor secondaire doté de pales de sélection secondaires disposées à sa périphérie, une partie desdites pales de sélection secondaires étant situées à l'intérieur dudit cylindre, de sorte à former une chambre de sélection secondaire entre lesdites pales de sélection primaires et lesdites pales de sélection secondaires, et des ventelles de guidage situées à l'extérieur dudit cylindre de sorte à former une chambre de sélection primaire entre lesdites ventelles de guidage et lesdites pales de sélection primaires. Ce séparateur dynamique est particulier en ce que lesdites pales de sélection secondaires et lesdites ventelles de guidage débordent sous ledit cylindre, de sorte à former, sous ledit cylindre entre lesdites ventelles de guidage et lesdites pales de sélection secondaires, une chambre de sélection des refus, destinée à faire subir une opération de séparation complémentaire aux refus venant des chambres de sélection primaire et secondaire. De cette façon la chambre de sélection secondaire récupère un air déchargé d'une partie des refus, et donc avec une concentration en matière plus faible. Pour un débit d'air donné, cela permet d'obtenir des performances améliorées en termes de qualité de séparation. De plus, la chambre de sélection des refus permet de créer un deuxième flux de fines, et d'améliorer le débit global de production de finesFor this purpose, it proposes a dynamic separator for pulverulent materials, such as cement, lime or raw materials according to claim 1, comprising a primary rotor, rotatable about a vertical axis, with selection blades. at its periphery so as to sweep, during the rotation of the primary rotor, a hollow circular cylinder, a secondary rotor having secondary selection blades disposed at its periphery, a part of said secondary selection blades being located therein said cylinder, so as to form a secondary selection chamber between said primary selection blades and said secondary selection blades, and guide vanes located outside said cylinder so as to form a primary selection chamber between said blades of guide and said primary selection blades. This dynamic separator is particular in that said secondary selection blades and said guide vanes protrude under said cylinder, so as to form, under said cylinder between said guide vanes and said secondary selection blades, a refusal selection chamber, intended to carry out a complementary separation operation against refusals from the primary and secondary selection chambers. In this way the secondary selection chamber recovers an air discharged from a part of the refusals, and therefore with a lower concentration of material. For a given airflow, this provides improved performance in terms of separation quality. In addition, the refusal selection chamber makes it possible to create a second flow of fines, and to improve the overall rate of production of fines.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques :

  • le rotor secondaire peut comporter un diaphragme disposé sensiblement au niveau de l'extrémité inférieure des pales de sélection dudit rotor primaire de sorte à limiter les déplacements d'air entre une partie inférieure située sous ledit diaphragme et une partie supérieure située au-dessus dudit diaphragme du rotor secondaire ; cette disposition permet de régler le flux relatif d'air entre celui qui traverse les deux chambres de sélection primaire et secondaire, et celui qui traverse la chambre de sélection des refus ; cela permet d'éviter qu'une majorité d'air passe par la chambre de sélection des refus, ce qui réduirait la performance globale en réduisant l'opération de sélection des chambres primaire et secondaire de sélection,
  • lesdites ventelles de guidage peuvent être inclinées par rotation autour de leur axe vertical, de sorte à orienter le flux d'air entrant et lui conférer une vitesse tangentielle ; cela permet de réduire la charge des arbres d'entraînement des rotors primaire et secondaire,
  • la hauteur des pales de sélection du rotor primaire peut être comprise entre la moitié et les trois quarts de la hauteur des pales de sélection du rotor secondaire ; une telle proportion permet d'obtenir des résultats particulièrement avantageux,
  • au moins un des rotors peut être équipé d'un moyen apte à rendre sa vitesse de rotation réglable, ce qui permet de régler les points de coupure de chaque chambre de sélection, jusqu'à obtenir un résultat optimal,
  • ledit séparateur peut comprendre un plateau de distribution disposé au-dessus des rotors primaire et secondaire apte à distribuer le flux d'entrée matière sous l'effet de la force centrifuge,
  • ledit séparateur peut comprendre une sortie pour les fines située au-dessus du rotor secondaire,
  • ledit séparateur peut comprendre une sortie pour les fines située en-dessous du rotor secondaire,
According to other characteristics:
  • the secondary rotor may comprise a diaphragm disposed substantially at the lower end of the selection blades of said primary rotor so as to limit the air movements between a lower portion below said diaphragm and an upper portion located above said diaphragm secondary rotor; this arrangement makes it possible to regulate the relative flow of air between the one which passes through the two primary and secondary selection chambers, and that which passes through the refusal selection chamber; this prevents a majority of air passes through the refusal selection chamber, which would reduce the overall performance by reducing the selection operation of the primary and secondary selection rooms,
  • said guide vanes may be inclined by rotation about their vertical axis, so as to orient the inflow of air entering and confer a tangential velocity; this makes it possible to reduce the load on the drive shafts of the primary and secondary rotors,
  • the height of the primary rotor selection blades may be between one-half and three-quarters of the height of the secondary rotor selection blades; such a proportion makes it possible to obtain particularly advantageous results,
  • at least one of the rotors may be equipped with means capable of making its speed of rotation adjustable, which makes it possible to adjust the cut-off points of each selection chamber, until obtaining an optimal result,
  • said separator may comprise a distribution plate disposed above the primary and secondary rotors adapted to distribute the material input stream under the effect of the centrifugal force,
  • said separator may comprise an outlet for the fines situated above the secondary rotor,
  • said separator may include an outlet for fines located below the secondary rotor,

L'invention concerne également un procédé de séparation dynamique selon la revendication 9 par le moyen d'un séparateur selon l'invention alimenté par un gaz de sélection, par exemple de l'air de sélection. Ce procédé est particulier en ce que la vitesse angulaire du rotor primaire est inférieure à celle du rotor secondaire.The invention also relates to a dynamic separation method according to claim 9 by means of a separator according to the invention fed by a selection gas, for example selection air. This method is particular in that the angular velocity of the primary rotor is lower than that of the secondary rotor.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques :

  • l'alimentation en matière fraiche peut être faite par gravité et dispersée, sous l'effet de la force centrifuge, par un plateau de distribution situé au dessus des rotors de sélection,
  • l'alimentation en matière pulvérulente peut se faire en suspension dans le gaz de sélection, au travers des ventelles de guidage au niveau des chambres de sélection primaire et secondaire, un gaz exempt de matière pulvérulente étant introduit par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit de répartition enveloppant les ventelles de guidage au niveau de la chambre de sélection des refus,
  • ledit gaz de sélection peut être un gaz chaud, de sorte que les matériaux pulvérulents sèchent pendant leur passage dans ledit séparateur.
According to other characteristics:
  • the supply of fresh material can be made by gravity and dispersed, under the effect of centrifugal force, by a distribution plate located above the selection rotors,
  • the supply of pulverulent material may be suspended in the selection gas, through the guide plates at the primary and secondary selection chambers, a gas free of pulverulent material being introduced via a conduit of distribution enveloping the guide plates at the level of the refusal selection chamber,
  • said selection gas may be a hot gas, so that the powdery materials dry during their passage through said separator.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit faite en référence aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente, en coupe, un séparateur de troisième génération de l'état de la technique,
  • la figure 2 représente, en coupe, un séparateur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3 représente, en coupe, un séparateur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • La figure 4 représente une des dispositions possibles du schéma aéraulique de classification, pour un séparateur alimenté en matière par voie gravitaire, conformément à la figure 2.
  • la figure 5 représente une des dispositions possibles du schéma aéraulique de classification, pour un séparateur alimenté en matière par voie pneumatique, conformément à la figure 3.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description with reference to the appended figures in which:
  • the figure 1 represents, in section, a third-generation separator of the state of the art,
  • the figure 2 represents, in section, a separator according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 3 represents, in section, a separator according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • The figure 4 represents one of the possible provisions of the air classification scheme, for a separator supplied with material by gravity, in accordance with the figure 2 .
  • the figure 5 represents one of the possible provisions of the air classification scheme, for a separator supplied with material pneumatically, in accordance with the figure 3 .

Le séparateur selon l'invention est illustré, dans une des configurations possibles, par la figure 2. Il comporte un rotor primaire 6 entraîné par un arbre primaire 19 et un rotor secondaire 14 coaxial au rotor primaire 6 et entraîné par un arbre secondaire 8. Les pales de sélection du rotor primaire 6 définissent un cylindre qu'ils balayent lors de la rotation du rotor. Le volume annulaire formé par l'espace entre les ventelles de guidage 5 et les pales de sélection du rotor primaire 6 forment la chambre de sélection primaire 3. L'espace annulaire contigu, délimité par les pales de sélection du rotor primaire 6 et du rotor secondaire 14, constitue la chambre de sélection secondaire 7, les pales de sélection secondaires étant disposées au moins pour partie à l'intérieur du cylindre décrit ci-dessus. Elles sont disposées à une distance plus proche de l'axe que les pales de sélection du rotor primaire 6, et décrivent un cylindre de rayon plus petit à l'intérieur du cylindre correspondant aux pales de sélection du rotor primaire 6. Un joint d'étanchéité 18 permet d'éviter que l'air situé dans la chambre de sélection secondaire 7 passe directement dans le conduit de sortie 9, sans passer par les pales de sélection du rotor secondaire 14.The separator according to the invention is illustrated, in one of the possible configurations, by the figure 2 . It comprises a primary rotor 6 driven by a primary shaft 19 and a secondary rotor 14 coaxial with the primary rotor 6 and driven by a secondary shaft 8. The selection blades of the primary rotor 6 define a cylinder which they sweep during the rotation of the rotor. The annular volume formed by the space between the guiding lamellae 5 and the selection blades of the primary rotor 6 form the primary selection chamber 3. The contiguous annular space delimited by the selection blades of the primary rotor 6 and the rotor secondary 14, constitutes the secondary selection chamber 7, the secondary selection blades being arranged at least partly inside the cylinder described above. They are arranged at a distance closer to the axis than the blades of selection of the primary rotor 6, and describe a cylinder of smaller radius inside the cylinder corresponding to the selection blades of the primary rotor 6. A seal 18 prevents the air located in the secondary selection chamber 7 passes directly into the outlet duct 9, without passing through the selection blades of the secondary rotor 14.

Conformément à l'invention, le rotor primaire 6, tourne à une vitesse inférieure au rotor secondaire 14, et cette vitesse peut, selon les applications, être fixe ou variable en vue d'un réglage d'optimisation. L'air de sélection 4 entre dans le séparateur par les ventelles de guidage 5 avec une vitesse radiale en direction de l'axe de rotation des rotors. Du fait de la rotation du rotor primaire 6, l'air de sélection 4 prend une vitesse tangentielle en plus de sa vitesse radiale. Une inclinaison appropriée des ventelles de guidage 5 permet d'initier cette vitesse tangentielle. De ce fait, les particules en suspension dans l'air de sélection 4 sont entraînées par le courant d'air, vers l'intérieur du rotor primaire 6, et selon un mouvement de rotation induisant une force centrifuge. Or la force centrifuge exercée sur une particule augmente proportionnellement à son volume, donc sensiblement comme le cube de sa dimension, alors que sa résistance au courant d'air augmente proportionnellement à son aire, donc sensiblement comme le carré de sa dimension. Ainsi les particules plus petites iront d'avantage vers l'intérieur du rotor, et les particules plus grandes, plus sensibles à la force centrifuge, resteront plus longtemps dans l'espace annulaire formé par la chambre de sélection, et finiront plus souvent par tomber dans la chambre des refus 10.According to the invention, the primary rotor 6 rotates at a lower speed than the secondary rotor 14, and this speed can, depending on the application, be fixed or variable for an optimization adjustment. The selection air 4 enters the separator through the guide vanes 5 with a radial velocity towards the rotation axis of the rotors. Due to the rotation of the primary rotor 6, the selection air 4 takes a tangential speed in addition to its radial velocity. An appropriate inclination of the guide vanes 5 makes it possible to initiate this tangential velocity. As a result, the particles suspended in the selection air 4 are driven by the air flow, towards the inside of the primary rotor 6, and in a rotational movement inducing a centrifugal force. But the centrifugal force exerted on a particle increases proportionally to its volume, so substantially like the cube of its dimension, while its resistance to the air flow increases proportionally to its area, so substantially like the square of its dimension. Thus, the smaller particles will move more towards the inside of the rotor, and the larger particles, more sensitive to the centrifugal force, will stay longer in the annular space formed by the selection chamber, and will more often fall down. in the refusal room 10.

La faible vitesse du rotor primaire 6, du fait de la force centrifuge plus faible, soumet les particules traversant le rotor primaire 6 à un point de coupure grossier. Il en résulte l'élimination par gravité d'une première quantité de rejets, qui se soustrait ainsi à la quantité initiale de matière, en suspension dans l'air 4. L'air de sélection 4 arrive dans la chambre de sélection secondaire 7 avec une quantité de matière plus faible, et le travail de sélection s'effectue donc sur un produit plus faiblement concentré. La vitesse de rotation du rotor secondaire 14 étant plus élevée, la force centrifuge augmente, et la dimension de coupure est plus faible, permettant de conduire vers le conduit de sortie 9 un flux de fines 20 suffisamment fin du fait de la coupure plus faible, et de très bonne qualité du fait de la plus faible concentration de particules dans la chambre de sélection secondaire 7.The low speed of the primary rotor 6, due to the lower centrifugal force, subjects the particles passing through the primary rotor 6 to a coarse cut-off point. This results in the elimination by gravity of a first quantity of discharges, which is thus subtracted from the initial quantity of material, suspended in the air 4. The selection air 4 arrives in the secondary selection chamber 7 with a lower amount of material, and the selection work is therefore done on a more weakly concentrated product. Since the speed of rotation of the secondary rotor 14 is higher, the centrifugal force increases, and the cut-off dimension is smaller, making it possible to drive towards the outlet duct 9 a stream of fines that is sufficiently fine because of the lower cutoff. and of very good quality because of the lower concentration of particles in the secondary selection chamber 7.

Par ailleurs, selon l'invention, la hauteur des pales de sélection du rotor primaire 6 sont comprise entre la moitié et les trois quart de la hauteur des pales de sélection du rotor secondaire 14. Il en résulte, au niveau de la partie basse du rotor secondaire 14, la création d'une chambre de sélection des refus 12, qui collecte les rejets des chambres de sélection primaire 3 et secondaire 7. Les rejets parvenant dans cette enceinte sont à nouveau sélectés, à une concentration encore plus faible, résultant de l'élimination respective des fractions de fines dans les chambres de sélections primaire 3 et secondaire 7. Cette chambre de sélection des refus 12 fonctionne avec la vitesse de rotation du rotor secondaire 14, et donc avec un point de coupure identique à celui de la chambre de sélection secondaire 7. La qualité de coupure est ici également très bonne, du fait de la faible concentration de matière. La chambre de sélection des refus 12 permet donc de conduire vers le conduit de sortie 9 un deuxième flux de fines, qui vient rejoindre le premier flux de fines décrit ci-dessus.Furthermore, according to the invention, the height of the selection blades of the primary rotor 6 are between half and three quarters of the height of the selection blades of the secondary rotor 14. This results, at the bottom of the secondary rotor 14, the creation of a refusal selection chamber 12, which collects the discharges of the primary selection chamber 3 and secondary 7. The discharges arriving in this chamber are at selected again, at an even lower concentration, resulting from the respective elimination of the fines fractions in the primary and secondary selector chambers 7. This refusal selection chamber 12 operates with the speed of rotation of the secondary rotor 14, and so with a cutoff point identical to that of the secondary selection chamber 7. The cutoff quality is here also very good, because of the low concentration of material. The refusal selection chamber 12 thus makes it possible to drive towards the outlet duct 9 a second stream of fines, which joins the first stream of fines described above.

Le rotor secondaire 14 est cloisonné, dans sa partie basse, par un diaphragme 15 compensant la moindre perte de charge subie par la fraction de l'air traversant la chambre de sélection des refus 12, par rapport à la fraction qui traverse à la fois les rotors primaire et secondaire. Sans ce diaphragme 15, la majeure partie de l'air entrant passerait par la chambre de sélection des refus 12 où la séparation serait extrêmement bien faite, mais peu d'air passerait dans les chambres de sélection primaire et secondaire, où il n'y aurait donc une séparation nettement moins bonne. Le diaphragme 15 permet donc de régler la répartition du flux d'air de sélection 4 entre la partie haute et la partie basse du rotor secondaire 14. Ce diaphragme 15 coupe en deux parties, dans le sens de la hauteur, le rotor secondaire 14. La partie supérieure 13 reçoit les fines provenant des chambres de sélections primaire 3 et secondaire 7, alors que la partie inférieure 16 reçoit les fines résiduelles captées dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12.The secondary rotor 14 is partitioned, in its lower part, by a diaphragm 15 compensating for the least pressure drop experienced by the fraction of the air passing through the rejection selection chamber 12, with respect to the fraction that passes through both the primary and secondary rotors. Without this diaphragm 15, most of the incoming air would pass through the refusal selection room 12 where the separation would be extremely well done, but little air would pass through the primary and secondary screening chambers, where there would be would therefore have a much less good separation. The diaphragm 15 thus makes it possible to adjust the distribution of the selection air flow 4 between the upper part and the lower part of the secondary rotor 14. This diaphragm 15 cuts in two parts, in the direction of the height, the secondary rotor 14. The upper part 13 receives the fines coming from the primary and secondary selections chambers 7, while the lower part 16 receives the residual fines picked up in the refusal selection chamber 12.

Dans le séparateur selon l'invention, l'air de sélection 4 chargé de fines, sort à la partie supérieure du rotor secondaire 14, par le conduit de sortie 9. Un joint circulaire d'étanchéité 17 évite l'aspiration de particules alimentées par les goulottes 1, par l'air sortant par le conduit 9. Il peut exister une disposition, non représentée par une figure, où cet air sort par un conduit placé à la base du rotor secondaire 14.In the separator according to the invention, the selection air 4 loaded with fines, leaves the upper part of the secondary rotor 14, through the outlet duct 9. A circular seal 17 prevents the suction of particles fed by the ducts 1, by the air exiting through the duct 9. There may exist an arrangement, not shown by a figure, where this air exits through a duct placed at the base of the secondary rotor 14.

Exemple 1 : ciment classe 32,5 à 85% de passants à 32µm.Example 1: Class 32.5 cement at 85% passers to 32 .mu.m.

Le séparateur est alimenté à 100 t/h de matière à séparer, à raison de 2,5 kg/m3 d'air.The separator is supplied with 100 t / h of material to be separated at a rate of 2.5 kg / m 3 of air.

Ce flux pénètre dans la chambre de sélection primaire 3. 51,5 t/h de fines primaires, coupés à 80 µm, passent à travers les pales du rotor primaire 6 et atteignent la chambre secondaire. Les 48,5 t/h restants tombent directement dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12. Les fines primaires pénètrent donc dans la chambre de sélection secondaire 7 avec une concentration réduite à 1,29 kg/m3, ce qui permet d'obtenir 24,1 t/h passant à travers les pales du rotor secondaire 14, coupés à 28 µm, qui peuvent quitter le séparateur en tant que produit fini par le conduit 9. Les refus secondaires représentent 27,4 t/h, et viennent s'ajouter aux 48,5 t/h de refus primaires pour donner un débit de 75,9 t/h qui entre dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12, avec une concentration de 1,9 kg/m3. Cette concentration permet de récupérer 13 t/h de fines coupées à 28 µm, qui s'ajoutent aux 24,1 t/h, ce qui permet d'atteindre une production de 37,1 t/h, qui sortent en tant que produit fini par le conduit 9.This flow enters the primary selection chamber 3. 51.5 t / h of primary fines, cut to 80 μm, pass through the blades of the primary rotor 6 and reach the secondary chamber. The remaining 48.5 t / h fall directly into the reject selection chamber 12. The primary fines thus enter the secondary selection chamber 7 with a reduced concentration of 1.29 kg / m3, which makes it possible to obtain 24 , 1 t / h passing through the blades of the secondary rotor 14, cut to 28 microns, which can leave the separator as a finished product through the conduit 9. The secondary refusals represent 27.4 t / h, and come s' add to 48.5 t / h of primary refusals to give a flow rate of 75.9 t / h that enters the refusal selection room 12, with a concentration of 1.9 kg / m3. This concentration makes it possible to recover 13 t / h of fines cut to 28 μm, which adds up to 24.1 t / h, which makes it possible to reach a production of 37.1 t / h, which comes out as a product. finished by the conduit 9.

Une installation selon l'état de la technique, alimentée également par un tel produit à 100 t/h à une concentration de 2,5 kg/m3 permet d'atteindre une production de 33,75 t/h de fines coupées à 32 µm. On observe donc une augmentation de la production d'environ 10%, tout en obtenant un produit plus fin avec le séparateur selon l'invention.A plant according to the state of the art, also fed by such a product at 100 t / h at a concentration of 2.5 kg / m3 achieves a production of 33.75 t / h of fines cut to 32 μm . There is therefore an increase in production of about 10%, while obtaining a finer product with the separator according to the invention.

Exemple 2 : ciment classe 52,5 à 93% de passants à 32µmExample 2: class 52.5 cement at 93% passers at 32 μm

Le séparateur est alimenté à 100 t/h de matière à séparer, à raison de 2,5 kg/m3 d'air.The separator is supplied with 100 t / h of material to be separated at a rate of 2.5 kg / m 3 of air.

Ce flux pénètre dans la chambre de sélection primaire 3. 51,5 t/h de fines primaires, coupés à 80 µm, passent à travers les pales du rotor primaire 6 et atteignent la chambre secondaire. Les 48,5 t/h restants tombent directement dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12. Les fines primaires pénètrent donc dans la chambre de sélection secondaire 7 avec une concentration réduite à 1,29 kg/m3, ce qui permet d'obtenir 19,9 t/h passant à travers les pales du rotor secondaire 14, coupés à 22 µm, qui peuvent quitter le séparateur en tant que produit fini par le conduit 9. Les refus secondaires représentent 31,6 t/h, et viennent s'ajouter aux 48,5 t/h de refus primaires pour donner un débit de 80,1 t/h qui entre dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12, avec une concentration de 2,0 kg/m3. Cette concentration permet de récupérer 11,6 t/h de fines coupées à 22 µm, qui s'ajoutent aux 19,9 t/h, ce qui permet d'atteindre une production de 31,5 t/h, qui sortent en tant que produit fini par le conduit 9.This flow enters the primary selection chamber 3. 51.5 t / h of primary fines, cut to 80 μm, pass through the blades of the primary rotor 6 and reach the secondary chamber. The remaining 48.5 t / h fall directly into the rejection selection chamber 12. The primary fines thus enter the secondary selection chamber 7 with a reduced concentration of 1.29 kg / m3, which makes it possible to obtain 19 , 9 t / h passing through the blades of the secondary rotor 14, cut to 22 microns, which can leave the separator as a finished product through the conduit 9. The secondary refusals represent 31.6 t / h, and come s' add to 48.5 t / h of primary refusals to give a flow of 80.1 t / h which enters the refusal selection chamber 12, with a concentration of 2.0 kg / m3. This concentration makes it possible to recover 11.6 t / h of fines cut at 22 μm, which adds up to 19.9 t / h, which makes it possible to reach a production of 31.5 t / h, which comes out as that finished product by the conduit 9.

Une installation selon l'état de la technique, alimentée également par un tel produit à 100 t/h à une concentration de 2,5 kg/m3 permet d'atteindre une production de 27,4 t/h de fines coupées à 23 µm. On observe donc une augmentation de la production d'environ 15%, tout en obtenant un produit plus fin avec le séparateur selon l'invention.A plant according to the state of the art, also fed with such a product at 100 t / h at a concentration of 2.5 kg / m3 achieves a production of 27.4 t / h of fines cut to 23 μm. . There is therefore an increase in production of about 15%, while obtaining a finer product with the separator according to the invention.

La matière à sélecter est alimentée par gravité au travers des goulottes d'entrée matière 1, réparties sur le pourtour de la chambre de sélection primaire 3. Le nombre de ces goulottes dépend de la taille du séparateur et du débit à traiter ; il est généralement supérieur ou égal à deux, pour assurer une répartition aussi homogène que possible.The material to be selected is fed by gravity through the material inlet chutes 1, distributed around the periphery of the primary selection chamber 3. The number of these chutes depends on the size of the separator and the flow rate to be treated; it is generally greater than or equal to two, to ensure a distribution as homogeneous as possible.

Un plateau de répartition 2, entrainé par le rotor primaire 6, distribue ensuite cette matière dans tout l'espace annulaire correspondant à la partie supérieure de la chambre de sélection primaire 3. La matière ainsi dispersée tombe dans la chambre de sélection primaire 3 où chacun des grains est soumis au triple effet de la force centrifuge, engendrée par la rotation du rotor primaire 6, de la poussée antagoniste de l'air de sélection 4 et de la gravité. Une forte proportion des grains de taille supérieure au point de coupure primaire défini par la vitesse de rotation du rotor primaire 6 tombe donc dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12, alors que la plus grande proportion des grains de taille inférieure ou égale au point de coupure primaire est entrainée dans la chambre de sélection secondaire 7. Il résulte, selon l'invention, une diminution notable de la concentration en matière dans cette chambre, induite par le soutirage d'une fraction des éléments les plus grossiers, lors de la sélection primaire. Le rotor secondaire 14 tournant à une vitesse plus élevée que celle du rotor primaire 6, en augmentant la force centrifuge, induit un point de coupure de dimension plus faible que celui crée par le rotor primaire 6. Il en résulte l'élimination d'une seconde quantité de refus, qui tombent à leur tour dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12. Le rotor secondaire 14 est doté d'un dispositif de variation de vitesse qui permet d'ajuster le point de coupure final en fonction de la courbe granulométrique recherchée du produit fini. Dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12, l'ensemble des refus est soumis à une troisième sélection, dans le but d'en extraire les fines résiduelles qui ont été piégées dans les rejets, lors des deux sélections antérieures. Les pales du rotor secondaire 14 s'étendent dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12, et y sont actives en coopération avec les ventelles. Les pales peuvent être rectilignes, et se déplacer avec la rotation du rotor secondaire 14 selon le même diamètre dans cette zone qu'au niveau de la chambre de sélection secondaire 7. Mais elles peuvent aussi se situer plus loin de l'axe des rotors, ou plus près, selon les besoins de la conception du séparateur, ces pales pouvant aussi être des pales indépendantes de celles qui sont actives au niveau de la chambre de sélection secondaire 7, mais fixées sur le même rotor secondaire 14. Les taux de concentrations dans les deux chambres de sélection 7 et 12 étant sensiblement plus bas que la concentration initiale dans la chambre 3, les taux de récupération de fines sont plus élevés que ceux d'un séparateur de troisième génération ayant un débit d'air de sélection 4 équivalent et un rotor tournant à la même vitesse que le rotor secondaire 14 du séparateur selon l'invention (voir exemples ci-dessus).A distribution plate 2, driven by the primary rotor 6, then distributes this material throughout the annular space corresponding to the upper part of the primary selection chamber 3. The material thus dispersed falls in the primary selection chamber 3 where each grain is subjected to the triple effect of the centrifugal force, generated by the rotation of the primary rotor 6, the thrust of the air selection 4 and gravity. A large proportion of grains larger than the primary cut-off point defined by the rotational speed of the primary rotor 6 therefore falls in the rejection selection chamber 12, whereas the largest proportion of grains smaller than or equal to the primary cutoff is driven into the secondary selection chamber 7. The result, according to the invention, a significant decrease in the concentration of material in this chamber, induced by the withdrawal of a fraction of the coarsest elements, when selecting primary. The secondary rotor 14 rotating at a higher speed than that of the primary rotor 6, by increasing the centrifugal force, induces a cutoff point of smaller dimension than that created by the primary rotor 6. This results in the elimination of a second quantity of refusals, which in turn fall into the rejection selection chamber 12. The secondary rotor 14 is provided with a speed variation device which makes it possible to adjust the final cut-off point as a function of the particle size curve sought. of the finished product. In the rejection selection chamber 12, all the refusals are subjected to a third selection, in order to extract the residual fines that have been trapped in the rejects during the two previous selections. The blades of the secondary rotor 14 extend into the rejection selection chamber 12, and are active in cooperation with the lamellae. The blades can be rectilinear, and move with the rotation of the secondary rotor 14 in the same diameter in this area as at the level of the secondary selection chamber 7. But they can also be located further from the axis of the rotors, or closer, according to the needs of the design of the separator, these blades can also be blades independent of those which are active at the secondary selection chamber 7, but fixed on the same secondary rotor 14. The concentration levels in the two selection chambers 7 and 12 being substantially lower than the initial concentration in the chamber 3, the recovery rates of fines are higher than those of a third generation separator having an equivalent selection air flow rate 4 and a rotor rotating at the same speed as the secondary rotor 14 of the separator according to the invention (see examples above).

Selon une variante de l'invention, le séparateur peut ne pas comporter de chambre de sélection des refus 12. On bénéficie alors de l'avantage de la plus faible concentration dans la chambre de sélection secondaire 7. Néanmoins les résultats obtenus pour une concentration de matière donnée sont généralement moins bons, du fait qu'on ne tire pas avantage de la troisième chambre pour récupérer un flux de fines complémentaire.According to a variant of the invention, the separator may not comprise a rejection selection chamber 12. This has the advantage of the lowest concentration in the secondary selection chamber 7. Nevertheless, the results obtained for a concentration of given material are generally worse, because it does not take advantage of the third chamber to recover a complementary flow of fines.

Le séparateur suivant l'invention peut-être alimenté suivant le mode gravitaire commun aux séparateurs de troisième génération, à partir de goulottes d'entrée matière 1 alimentant un plateau de distribution 2. Dans cette configuration, la figure 4 présente un exemple de schéma aéraulique dans lequel l'air chargé de fines 20 est introduit dans un filtre permettant la séparation de ces fines, et leur récupération 25, sous la trémie du filtre, alors que l'air épuré 21 est extrait par un ventilateurThe separator according to the invention can be fed according to the gravity mode common to the third generation separators, from material inlet chutes 1 supplying a distribution tray 2. In this configuration, the figure 4 shows an example of a ventilation scheme in which the air charged with fines 20 is introduced into a filter allowing the separation of these fines, and their recovery 25, under the filter hopper, while the purified air 21 is extracted by a fan

L'invention divulgue une autre variante, illustrée par les figures 3 et 5. Dans cette variante, la matière 1 à sélecter est amenée en suspension dans la fraction primaire 4a de l'air de sélection 4, fraction qui alimente exclusivement les chambres de sélection 3 et 7. Le solde de l'air de sélection 4, constituant la fraction secondaire 4b pénétrant dans la chambre de sélection des refus 12, est exempt de matière en suspension, évitant ainsi d'augmenter, dans cette zone, le taux de concentration. La séparation des airs au niveau des rotors se fait suivant le principe illustré par la figure 5, où la fraction secondaire 4b de l'air arrive au travers d'un conduit de répartition d'air 24, qui le distribue au travers de la partie basse des ventelles de guidage 5. Dans l'exemple de la figure 5, la fraction secondaire 4b de l'air est issue de la recirculation 22 d'une fraction de l'air épuré 21. Un point d'introduction 23 permet de contrôler, le cas échéant, la température de la fraction secondaire 4b de l'air en introduisant par le point d'introduction 23 un air ou un gaz à une température fixée.The invention discloses another variant, illustrated by the figures 3 and 5 . In this variant, the material 1 to be selected is brought into suspension in the primary fraction 4a of the selection air 4, which fraction exclusively feeds the selection chambers 3 and 7. The balance of the selection air 4 constituting the secondary fraction 4b entering the rejection selection chamber 12, is free of suspended matter, thereby avoiding increasing the concentration rate in this zone. The separation of the airs at the level of the rotors is done according to the principle illustrated by the figure 5 , where the secondary fraction 4b of the air arrives through an air distribution duct 24, which distributes it through the lower part of the guide vanes 5. In the example of the figure 5 , the secondary fraction 4b of the air comes from the recirculation 22 of a fraction of the purified air 21. An introduction point 23 makes it possible to control, if necessary, the temperature of the secondary fraction 4b of the air by introducing through the point of introduction 23 an air or a gas at a fixed temperature.

Le séparateur suivant l'invention permet d'ajuster le rapport des vitesses des rotors primaire et secondaire, de sorte à minimaliser les taux de concentrations dans les chambres de sélections, à débit d'air constant.The separator according to the invention makes it possible to adjust the ratio of the speeds of the primary and secondary rotors, so as to minimize the concentration levels in the selector chambers with a constant air flow rate.

Quelque soit la configuration de l'alimentation en matière, l'air de sélection 4 peut être remplacé par un gaz de combustion chaud, permettant de sécher la matière durant les phases de classification.Whatever the configuration of the material supply, the selection air 4 can be replaced by a hot combustion gas, allowing the material to be dried during the classification phases.

Les deux problèmes les plus fréquents, posés par la plupart des séparateurs de troisième génération, sont la difficulté à équilibrer les flux d'alimentation entre les goulottes d'entrée matière 1, dans le cas où cette dernière est gravitaire, et l'orientation angulaire, dans le plan vertical, de la gaine de sortie des fines 9.The two most frequent problems, posed by most third generation separators, are the difficulty in balancing the feed flows between the material inlet chutes 1, in the case where the latter is gravity, and the angular orientation , in the vertical plane, of the outlet sheath of fines 9.

Sur le problème de l'alimentation gravitaire de l'entrée matière 1, le séparateur propose un point d'alimentation unique en matière fraiche 1, disposé de préférence axialement, et se charge d'optimiser cette répartition par le plateau de répartition 2, de façon transparente pour l'installateur.On the problem of the gravity feeding of the material inlet 1, the separator proposes a single feed point of fresh material 1, preferably arranged axially, and is responsible for optimizing this distribution by the distribution plate 2, of seamless way for the installer.

Concernant l'orientation de la gaine de sortie 9, cette dernière peut être orientée de façon standard, dans un plan vertical, de 15 degrés en 15 degrés, entre 45 et 90 degrés, selon le besoin de l'installateur.Regarding the orientation of the outlet sheath 9, the latter can be oriented in a standard manner, in a vertical plane, 15 degrees in 15 degrees, between 45 and 90 degrees, depending on the needs of the installer.

Pour l'entrée d'air 4 au séparateur en mode d'alimentation gravitaire, l'installateur à le choix entre une entrée annulaire, par le dessous, où une entrée latérale cyclonique. Cette souplesse facilite grandement l'implantation du séparateur, en particulier dans des ateliers existants où il peut y avoir de fortes contraintes d'installation.For the air inlet 4 to the separator in gravity feed mode, the installer can choose between an annular inlet, from below, where a cyclonic side entry. This flexibility greatly facilitates the implementation of the separator, especially in existing workshops where there may be strong installation constraints.

La présente invention est particulièrement destinée à la classification des poudres, telles que celles produites dans des installations de broyage industriel de toute capacité, et sur un grand intervalle de finesses, pouvant aller de quelques microns à plusieurs mm.The present invention is particularly intended for the classification of powders, such as those produced in industrial grinding plants of any capacity, and over a wide range of fineness, ranging from a few microns to several mm.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite selon un mode de réalisation particulier, elle n'y est nullement limitée, et des variantes peuvent y être apportées, ainsi que des combinaisons des variantes décrites, tout en restant dans le cadre des revendications, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Although the invention has been described according to a particular embodiment, it is not limited thereto, and variants can be made thereto, as well as combinations of the variants described, while remaining within the scope of the claims, without as far beyond the scope of the present invention.

Nomenclature :Nomenclature :

1.1.
entrée matièrematerial inlet
2.2.
plateau de distributiondistribution tray
3.3.
chambre de sélection primaireprimary selection chamber
4.4.
air entrantIncoming air
5.5.
ventelle de guidageguide guide
6.6.
rotor primaireprimary rotor
7.7.
chambre de sélection secondairesecondary selection chamber
8.8.
arbre secondairesecondary tree
9.9.
conduit de sortieoutlet duct
10.10.
chambre des refusrefusal chamber
11.11.
orifice de sortieoutlet port
12.12.
chambre de sélection des refusrefusal selection chamber
13.13.
partie supérieur du rotor secondaireupper part of the secondary rotor
14.14.
rotor secondairesecondary rotor
15.15.
diaphragmediaphragm
16.16.
partie inférieure du rotor secondairelower part of the secondary rotor
17.17.
joint d'étanchéitéseal
18.18.
joint d'étanchéitéseal
19.19.
arbre primaireprimary shaft
20.20.
air chargé de finesair laden with fines
21.21.
air épuréclean air
22.22.
recirculation d'une partie de l'air épurérecirculation of part of the purified air
23.23.
point d'introductionintroductory point
24.24.
conduit de répartition d'airair distribution duct
25.25.
récupération des finesrecovery of fines

Claims (12)

  1. A dynamic separator for pulverulent materials, such as cement, lime or raw materials, comprising a primary rotor (6), mobile in rotation about a vertical axis, provided with primary selection blades arranged at its periphery so as to sweep, during the rotation of the primary rotor (6), a hollow circular cylinder, a secondary rotor (14) provided with secondary selection blades arranged at its periphery, part of said secondary selection blades being located within said cylinder so as to form a secondary selection chamber (7) between said primary selection blades and said secondary selection of blades, and guiding louvers (5) located outside said cylinder so as to form a primary selection chamber (3) between said guiding louvers (5) and said primary selection blades, wherein said secondary selection blades and said guiding louvers (5) protrude below said cylinder so as to form, under said cylinder between said guiding louvers (5) and said secondary selection blades, a reject selection chamber (12) for subjecting to an additional separation operation the rejects coming from the primary (3) and secondary (7) selection chambers.
  2. The dynamic separator according to the preceding claim, wherein the secondary rotor (14) includes a diaphragm (15) arranged substantially at the level of the lower end of the selection blades of said primary rotor (6) so as to restrict the movements of air between a lower portion (16) located under said diaphragm and an upper portion (13) located above said diaphragm of the secondary rotor (14).
  3. The dynamic separator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said guiding louvers (5) are inclined by rotation about their vertical axis, so as to direct the incoming air stream and to impart a tangential velocity to same.
  4. The dynamic separator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the height of the selection blades of the primary rotor (6) ranges from half to three quarters of the height of the selection blades of the secondary rotor (14).
  5. The dynamic separator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the rotors (6, 14) is provided with means, for example a frequency converter, capable of making its speed adjustable.
  6. The dynamic separator according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a distribution plate (2) arranged above the primary (6) and secondary (14) rotors, capable of distributing the stream of incoming material (1) under the action of the centrifugal force.
  7. The dynamic separator according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an outlet (9) for the fine particles located above the secondary rotor (14).
  8. The dynamic separator according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an outlet for the fine particles located below the secondary rotor (14).
  9. A method for the dynamic separation by means of a separator according to one of the preceding claims powered by a selection gas (4), for example selection air, wherein the angular speed of the primary rotor (6) is lower than that of the secondary rotor (14).
  10. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the supply of pulverulent material (1) occurs by gravity and is dispersed under the action of the centrifugal force by means of a distribution plate (2) located above the selection rotors.
  11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the supply of pulverulent material (1) occurs in suspension in the selection gas (4) through the guiding louvers (5) at the level of the primary selection (3) and secondary (7) chambers, a pulverulent-material-free gas being introduced through a distribution duct (24) surrounding the guiding louvers (5) at the level of the reject selection chamber (12).
  12. The method according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein said selection gas (4) is a hot gas, so that the pulverulent materials (1) dry during their passing through said separator.
EP12731079.5A 2011-06-08 2012-05-29 Dynamic separator for pulverulent materials and corresponding separation method Not-in-force EP2718028B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1155000A FR2976194B1 (en) 2011-06-08 2011-06-08 DYNAMIC SEPARATOR FOR PULVERULENT MATERIALS
PCT/FR2012/051194 WO2012168625A2 (en) 2011-06-08 2012-05-29 Dynamic separator for pulverulent materials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2718028A2 EP2718028A2 (en) 2014-04-16
EP2718028B1 true EP2718028B1 (en) 2015-03-11

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US (1) US9527112B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2718028B1 (en)
DK (1) DK2718028T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2976194B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012168625A2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013101517A1 (en) * 2013-02-15 2014-08-21 Thyssenkrupp Resource Technologies Gmbh Classifier and method for operating a classifier
JP6415298B2 (en) * 2014-12-16 2018-10-31 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 Rotary classifier and vertical mill
FR3085867A1 (en) * 2018-09-17 2020-03-20 Bigarren Bizi AERAULIC SEPARATION PROCESS AND INSTALLATION
FR3101791B1 (en) * 2019-10-15 2021-09-17 Broyeurs Poittemill Ingenierie Process and installation for the continuous aeraulic separation of particulate materials consisting of a mixture of heterogeneous particles both in particle size and density

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4296864A (en) 1979-07-17 1981-10-27 Onoda Cement Co., Ltd. Air classifier
US4551241A (en) 1984-02-08 1985-11-05 Sturtevant, Inc. Particle classifier
DD241869A1 (en) * 1985-10-21 1987-01-07 Dessau Zementanlagenbau Veb DEVICE FOR SEEING FINEST COMBINATIONS
DE3545691C1 (en) * 1985-12-21 1987-01-29 Orenstein & Koppel Ag Device for classifying dusty bulk goods
DE3621221A1 (en) 1986-06-25 1988-01-14 Pfeiffer Fa Christian METHOD FOR WINDPROOFING AND WINIFIFIER
DE3808022A1 (en) * 1988-03-10 1989-09-21 Krupp Polysius Ag Separator
DE4112018A1 (en) * 1990-06-08 1991-12-12 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag SAFE
DE4040890C2 (en) * 1990-12-20 1995-03-23 Krupp Foerdertechnik Gmbh Air classifier
JP5048646B2 (en) * 2006-02-24 2012-10-17 太平洋セメント株式会社 Centrifugal air classifier
DE102008038776B4 (en) * 2008-08-12 2016-07-07 Loesche Gmbh Process for the screening of a millbase fluid mixture and mill classifier
WO2011132301A1 (en) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 日清エンジニアリング株式会社 Method for classifying powder

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WO2012168625A2 (en) 2012-12-13
FR2976194B1 (en) 2014-01-10
FR2976194A1 (en) 2012-12-14
DK2718028T3 (en) 2015-06-15
US20140166554A1 (en) 2014-06-19
WO2012168625A3 (en) 2013-02-07
US9527112B2 (en) 2016-12-27
EP2718028A2 (en) 2014-04-16

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