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EP2312252B1 - Waste heat boiler and method for cooling synthesis gas - Google Patents

Waste heat boiler and method for cooling synthesis gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2312252B1
EP2312252B1 EP20090012697 EP09012697A EP2312252B1 EP 2312252 B1 EP2312252 B1 EP 2312252B1 EP 20090012697 EP20090012697 EP 20090012697 EP 09012697 A EP09012697 A EP 09012697A EP 2312252 B1 EP2312252 B1 EP 2312252B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat boiler
waste heat
outlet
gas
boiler according
Prior art date
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Application number
EP20090012697
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2312252A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen BOHLE
Günter Heinz
Lothar Brehm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH
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Lurgi GmbH
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Priority to EP20090012697 priority Critical patent/EP2312252B1/en
Publication of EP2312252A1 publication Critical patent/EP2312252A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/06—Derivation channels, e.g. bypass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waste heat boiler and a method for the controlled cooling of hot gases.
  • the invention relates to a waste heat boiler and a process for the controlled cooling of synthesis gas, which was produced by steam reforming or autothermal reforming.
  • a waste heat boiler according to the preamble of claim 1 is made EP 1 793 189 A2 known.
  • waste heat boilers which are used for cooling the hot gases of a gas generating plant
  • the published patent application DE 3302304 A1 described heat exchanger disposed in the gas outlet chamber formed by a container shell section an inlet chamber.
  • the gas inlet chamber has an opening connected to the gas outlet chamber and a control device, via which the opening a variable portion of the incoming gases can be fed.
  • the interior of the U-tubes is acted upon by the gas to be cooled.
  • the known heat exchanger thus the metal parts of the control device are acted upon directly with the hot gas.
  • the known arrangement is not suitable for the cooling of gases if, as a result of the gas composition and / or the high temperature, the material removal described above under the term "metal dusting" can occur.
  • EP 0356648 A1 a waste heat boiler with an inlet chamber, a bundle of heat exchange tubes, a tube bundle approximately centrally and parallel passing through bypass tube and an outlet chamber, wherein within the outlet chamber, a mixing tube is arranged, which is directly connected to the outlet nozzle for the cooled synthesis gas and the bypass tube.
  • the position of one or more arranged within the mixing chamber, mechanically operated control plates determines the proportions of flowing over the heat exchanger tubes, cooled gas and through the bypass tube stömendem, uncooled gas and thus the mixing temperature of the product gas.
  • all wetted parts within the mixing tube are made of corrosion-resistant material or provided with a lining.
  • the disadvantage here is that the replacement of the mixing tube in the event of wear or due to corrosion is costly, since it is a relatively large component, which is completely made of a highly resistant Material must be made, and its disassembly is likely to be time-consuming and is associated with long plant downtime. Further, due to the control of the product gas temperature with control plates and the geometry of the mixing tube, it is expected that a long time is required for the mixing of cooled and hot gas streams. In particular, in the case of a laminar flow in the gas outlet nozzle thus there is the danger that hot gas strands from the bypass pipe penetrate into the downstream equipment parts and cause damage there. This danger also exists with mechanical failure of the control plates.
  • German patent application DE 102005057674 A1 there is described a waste heat boiler which also has an inlet chamber, a bundle of heat exchange tubes, a bypass tube passing through the tube bundle, and an outlet chamber.
  • a means of linkage axially adjustable plug is used, which closes the projecting into the outlet chamber, conically widening outlet end of the bypass tube.
  • the size of the annular gap between its outer surface and the inner surface of the outlet end of the bypass tube changes, thus the proportions of cooled gas flowing through the heat exchanger tubes and uncooled gas flowing through the bypass tube and finally the mixing temperature of the product gas.
  • the disadvantage here is that the closure device must be cooled either by harnessrionsbe responsiblem, expensive material or, as proposed as an advantageous embodiment, by means of cooling medium.
  • the failure of the cooling medium thus led to the destruction of the closure device.
  • it is also to be feared in this solution that it comes to the formation of hot gas strands of the bypass gas; this is likely to apply in particular to the proportions of the bypass gas, which escape via the annular gap in the direction of the gas outlet nozzle.
  • These strands can also reach the inner wall of the outlet chamber, so that there corrosion can occur by means of "metal dusting", which in turn leads to undesirable short maintenance intervals or to a shorter life of the waste heat boiler.
  • Waste heat boiler has been found, which is characterized by avoiding corrosion phenomena, such as the "metal dusting" discussed above, and a good mixing of the cooled gas portion with the gas flowing through the bypass pipe gas fraction to avoid hot gas strands.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a waste heat boiler for the cooling of synthesis gas, which avoids the disadvantages described.
  • the orientation of the kinking mouthpiece is selected so that it is as far as possible directed away from the position of the synthesis gas outlet.
  • a preferred embodiment of the waste heat boiler according to the invention provides that the bypass tube is arranged approximately axially-centric within the shell. This solution provides structural and mechanical advantages over a non-axial centered arrangement of the bypass tube within the shell and the heat exchanger tube bundle.
  • the mouthpiece and / or the closure device is made of a ceramic material.
  • this material eliminates the risk of corrosion within the mouthpiece by "metal dusting". Another advantage is that this can be dispensed with a cooling of the mouthpiece and the closure device, as described in the prior art in execution of corresponding components made of metal.
  • the mouthpiece is designed as a slanted hollow truncated cone.
  • this geometric design also accelerates the hot gas portion before exiting the bypass tube, thereby further intensifying the mixing of the hot and cold gas fractions.
  • Particularly preferably mouthpiece and the closure device form a unitary assembly that can be replaced as a whole.
  • this compact assembly can be easily and quickly replaced via an access opening in the wall of the outlet chamber, thereby minimizing the time required to decommission the waste heat boiler.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the waste heat boiler according to the invention provides that the closure device is designed as a closure flap, which is actuated by means of a guided through the container wall shaft. It is advantageous if the closure flap is arranged so that the closure of the closure flap can be effected automatically by gravity. In the event of failure of the operation is thus ensured that the synthesis gas is completely passed through the tube bundle and thus leaves the cooled heat recovery boiler.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cooling hot synthesis gas, which is characterized by the use of the waste heat boiler according to the invention.
  • the desired gas outlet temperature is set by a corresponding size of the operation of the closure device, for example, the position of the flap.
  • the temperature is measured by a temperature measuring device mounted inside the outlet chamber.
  • the actuation of the closure device can then be done manually or by means of an automatic control.
  • the measured temperature acts in automatic control as a reference variable via a control device on the size of the operation of the closure device, for example, on the position of the closure flap.
  • the single figure shows schematically a waste heat boiler for cooling hot synthesis gas according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation in longitudinal section.
  • the waste heat boiler has a jacket 11, which encloses a plurality of heat transfer tubes 4 designed as a tube bundle and an axially centric bypass tube 3, the tubes 3, 4 being enclosed at their inlet and outlet ends by tube end plates 12, so that inside the shell 11 as well as between the inlet and outlet side pipe end plates 12, a cavity for passing a cooling medium is formed. In this cavity takes place between the guided through the heat transfer tubes 4 synthesis gas and the introduced cooling medium, an indirect heat exchange, wherein the cooling medium absorbs heat from the hot synthesis gas.
  • the cooling medium used is preferably water, which is partially vaporized during heating.
  • the water used as the cooling medium is given to the waste heat boiler via inlet 5; the steam / water mixture produced by partial evaporation during cooling is discharged via outlet 6.
  • the steam generated thereby is used as high-pressure steam in other processes.
  • the cavity formed on the side of the inlet 1 of the synthesis gas to be cooled between jacket 11 and inlet-side tube end plate 12 is referred to as inlet chamber 2.
  • the cavity formed on the side of the outlet 10 of the cooled synthesis gas between jacket 11 and outlet-side tube end plate 12 is referred to as outlet chamber 9.
  • the bypass tube 3 preferably has a larger diameter than the heat transfer tubes and may be completely or partially thermally insulated over its length to optionally over the bypass tube 3 hot, entering via inlet 1 in the waste heat boiler Allow synthesis gas to flow without significant heat transfer to the cooling medium.
  • a mouthpiece 7 With the outlet end of the bypass tube is connected by means of suitable connecting means, preferably a flange connection, a mouthpiece 7, which can be closed by means of a closure device 8 relative to the outlet chamber 9.
  • the mouthpiece preferably has the shape of a crooked hollow truncated cone with an approximately circular base.
  • the center line of the mouthpiece includes the Abknickwinkel ⁇ with the longitudinal axis of the waste heat boiler.
  • the center line is defined as a straight line, which intersects the center of the base of the oblique hollow truncated cone and the center of a parallel thereto, enclosed by the inner contour of the oblique hollow truncated cone, imaginary auxiliary surface.
  • the gas flow emerging from the bypass tube 3 of the uncooled synthesis gas portion is deflected away from the longitudinal axis of the waste heat boiler and deflected to an approximately circular path within the outlet chamber 9, as in Fig. 1 b) indicated by flow arrows.
  • a rotating flow is generated, which ensures good mixing of the cooled and the uncooled gas fraction, so that the relevant for the occurrence of corrosion phenomena temperature range is passed quickly and before impingement of gas fractions on the inner wall of the shell 11 in the outlet chamber.
  • an acceleration of the gas flow emerging from the bypass pipe is caused by the taper of the mouthpiece in the flow direction.
  • the exit velocity of the gas from the mouthpiece is increased to such an extent that it becomes turbulent Area is located.
  • the gas mixing and the rapid adjustment of a mixing temperature is further improved.
  • the alignment of the kinking mouthpiece is preferably chosen in a further development of the invention so that it is as far as possible directed away from the position of the outlet. This corresponds to an included angle of 180 ° between the center line of the mouthpiece and position of the outlet in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the waste heat boiler. This optimizes the mixing of the hot and cold components of the synthesis gas. Furthermore, the risk of the formation of hot gas strands, which can penetrate into downstream system components, is minimized.
  • the mechanical design of the waste heat boiler according to the invention allows a low-tension mechanical connection of the mouthpiece and the closure device, which can be selected as the material for the mouthpiece and the closure device corrosion-resistant ceramic.
  • ceramic materials for the closure construction allows a corrosion-free operation, regardless of the local prevailing mixing temperature.
  • the cooling is eliminated and cooling media, such as process gas, are saved. It is particularly advantageous mouthpiece and closure device as a common assembly so that a rapid replacement of the complete assembly in case of repair in modular form through an access opening (not shown in Fig. 1 ).
  • a pivotable flap as a closure device, which carried out by means of a through the jacket 11, in the viewing direction Fig. 1 arranged wave can be actuated.
  • the actuation of the flap over the shaft can be done manually or by motor drive.
  • the closure flap is arranged so that it automatically in case of failure of the operation, for. B. gravity-driven, closes. In the event of failure of the operation is thus ensured that the synthesis gas is completely passed through the tube bundle and thus leaves the cooled heat recovery boiler.
  • the invention thus provides an improved waste heat boiler for cooling hot synthesis gases, which is distinguished by robust, simple design, low susceptibility to faults, ease of maintenance, operational safety and long service intervals.
  • the closure device is operated uncooled, the coolant is eliminated. In the event of failure of the operation of the closure device is ensured by gravity, automatic closing that the synthesis gas is completely passed through the tube bundle and thus cooled leaving the waste heat boiler.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Abhitzekessel und ein Verfahren zum geregelten Kühlen von heißen Gasen. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung einen Abhitzekessel und ein Verfahren zum geregelten Kühlen von Synthesegas, das mittels Dampfreformieren (Steamreforming) oder autothermem Reformieren erzeugt wurde. Ein Abhitzekessel nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus EP 1 793 189 A2 bekannt.The invention relates to a waste heat boiler and a method for the controlled cooling of hot gases. In particular, the invention relates to a waste heat boiler and a process for the controlled cooling of synthesis gas, which was produced by steam reforming or autothermal reforming. A waste heat boiler according to the preamble of claim 1 is made EP 1 793 189 A2 known.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bei vielen Gaserzeugungsanlagen, insbesondere bei nach dem Steamreforming-Verfahren oder dem autothermen Reformierungsverfahren gaserzeugenden Anlagen, treten bei höheren Gastemperaturen, insbesondere im Bereich von 820° C bis hinunter zu 520° C in den Gaserzeugungsanlagen selbst und in den diesen nachgeschalteten Wärmetauschem Korrosionsprobleme an den verwendeten metallischen Werkstoffen auf, z. B. beim Steamreforming-Verfahren, wenn ein gewisses CO2/CO/H2O-Verhättnis erreicht wird. Dies gilt sowohl für ferritische als auch für austenitsche Stähle. Diese unter dem Begriff "metal dusting" bekannte Materialabtragung führt zu einer Aufzehrung bzw. Zerstörung des Materials und es gibt nur beschränkt die Möglichkeit, über Materialzusammensetzung dieser Korrosion zu widerstehen.In many gas generators, especially in gas-producing plants after the steam reforming or autothermal reforming process, corrosion problems occur at higher gas temperatures, especially in the range 820 ° C down to 520 ° C in the gas generators themselves and in the downstream heat exchangers metallic materials, for. B. in the steam reforming process, when a certain CO 2 / CO / H 2 O Verhättnis is achieved. This applies to both ferritic and austenitic steels. This known as "metal dusting" material removal leads to a depletion or destruction of the material and there is limited the ability to withstand over material composition of this corrosion.

Bei Abhitzekesseln, die zum Kühlen der heißen Gase einer Gaserzeugungsanlage verwendet werden, ist es an sich bekannt, zum Einstellen einer bestimmten Endtemperatur der gekühlten Gase zwischen der Gaseinlasskammer des Wärmetauschers und der Gasauslasskammer ein direktes Überströmen (Bypass) der heißen Gase in die von der Heizfläche des Wärmetauschers gekühlten Gase zu ermöglichen. Beispielsweise ist bei dem in der Offenlegungsschrift DE 3302304 A1 beschriebenen Wärmetauscher in der von einem Behältermantelabschnitt gebildeten Gasauslasskammer eine Einlasskammer angeordnet. Die Gaseinlasskammer weist eine mit der Gasauslasskammer verbundene Öffnung und eine Regeleinrichtung auf, über die der Öffnung eine veränderbare Teilmenge der eintretenden Gase zuführbar ist. Bei dem bekannten Wärmetauscher wird das Innere der U-Rohre mit dem abzukühlenden Gas beaufschlagt. Bei dem bekannten Wärmetauscher werden somit die Metallteile der Regeleinrichtung direkt mit dem heißen Gas beaufschlagt. Somit ist die bekannte Anordnung nicht für das Kühlen von Gasen geeignet, wenn infolge der Gaszusammensetzung und/oder der hohen Temperatur die oben unter dem Begriff "metal dusting" beschriebene Materialabtragung auftreten kann.In waste heat boilers, which are used for cooling the hot gases of a gas generating plant, it is known per se to set a certain final temperature the cooled gases between the gas inlet chamber of the heat exchanger and the gas outlet chamber to allow a direct overflow (bypass) of the hot gases into the cooled by the heating surface of the heat exchanger gases. For example, in the published patent application DE 3302304 A1 described heat exchanger disposed in the gas outlet chamber formed by a container shell section an inlet chamber. The gas inlet chamber has an opening connected to the gas outlet chamber and a control device, via which the opening a variable portion of the incoming gases can be fed. In the known heat exchanger, the interior of the U-tubes is acted upon by the gas to be cooled. In the known heat exchanger thus the metal parts of the control device are acted upon directly with the hot gas. Thus, the known arrangement is not suitable for the cooling of gases if, as a result of the gas composition and / or the high temperature, the material removal described above under the term "metal dusting" can occur.

Im Stand der Technik finden sich unterschiedliche Lösungen zur Ausführung von Abhitzekesseln, die zur Abkühlung heißer Synthesegase geeignet sein sollen und mit denen die oben beschriebene "metal dusting" -Problematik vermieden werden soll.In the prior art, there are different solutions for the execution of waste heat boilers, which should be suitable for cooling hot syngas and with which the above-described "metal dusting" problem should be avoided.

So lehrt die europäische Patentanmeldung EP 0356648 A1 einen Abhitzekessel mit einer Einlasskammer, einem Bündel von Wärmeaustauschrohren, einem das Rohrbündel etwa mittig und parallel durchsetzenden Bypassrohr und einer Auslasskammer, bei dem innerhalb der Auslasskammer ein Mischrohr angeordnet ist, das direkt mit dem Austrittsstutzen für das gekühlte Synthesegas und dem Bypassrohr verbunden ist. Die Stellung einer oder mehrerer innerhalb der Mischkammer angeordneten, mechanisch betätigter Steuerplatten bestimmt die Mengenanteile an über die Wärmetauscherrohre strömendem, gekühltem Gas und durch das Bypassrohr stömendem, ungekühltem Gas und somit die Mischtemperatur des Produktgases. Zur Vermeidung von Korrosionserscheinungen, wie dem oben diskutierten "metal dusting", werden alle medienberührten Teile innerhalb des Mischrohres aus korrosionsresistenterem Material gefertigt oder mit einer Ausmauerung versehen. Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass der Austausch des Mischrohres im Falle eines Verschleißes oder aufgrund von Korrosion kostenaufwendig ist, da es sich um ein vergleichsweise großes Bauteil handelt, das vollständig aus einem hochresistenten Werkstoff gefertigt sein muss, und dessen Demontage zudem zeitaufwendig sein dürfte und mit langen Anlagenstillständen verbunden ist. Ferner ist aufgrund der Regelung der Produktgastemperatur mit Steuerplatten und der Geometrie des Mischrohres zu erwarten, dass eine lange Zeit für die Durchmischung von gekühltem und heißem Gasstrom benötigt wird. Insbesondere im Falle einer laminaren Strömung im Gasaustrittsstutzen besteht somit die Gefahr, dass heiße Gassträhnen aus dem Bypassrohr in die nachgeschalteten Anlagenteile durchschlagen und dort zu Beschädigungen führen. Diese Gefahr besteht auch bei mechanischem Versagen der Steuerplatten.This is what the European patent application teaches EP 0356648 A1 a waste heat boiler with an inlet chamber, a bundle of heat exchange tubes, a tube bundle approximately centrally and parallel passing through bypass tube and an outlet chamber, wherein within the outlet chamber, a mixing tube is arranged, which is directly connected to the outlet nozzle for the cooled synthesis gas and the bypass tube. The position of one or more arranged within the mixing chamber, mechanically operated control plates determines the proportions of flowing over the heat exchanger tubes, cooled gas and through the bypass tube stömendem, uncooled gas and thus the mixing temperature of the product gas. To avoid corrosion phenomena, such as the "metal dusting" discussed above, all wetted parts within the mixing tube are made of corrosion-resistant material or provided with a lining. The disadvantage here is that the replacement of the mixing tube in the event of wear or due to corrosion is costly, since it is a relatively large component, which is completely made of a highly resistant Material must be made, and its disassembly is likely to be time-consuming and is associated with long plant downtime. Further, due to the control of the product gas temperature with control plates and the geometry of the mixing tube, it is expected that a long time is required for the mixing of cooled and hot gas streams. In particular, in the case of a laminar flow in the gas outlet nozzle thus there is the danger that hot gas strands from the bypass pipe penetrate into the downstream equipment parts and cause damage there. This danger also exists with mechanical failure of the control plates.

In der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 102005057674 A1 wird ein Abhitzekessel beschrieben, der ebenfalls eine Einlasskammer, ein Bündel von Wärmeaustauschrohren, ein das Rohrbündel durchsetzendes Bypassrohr und eine Auslasskammer aufweist. Hier erfolgt die Einstellung der Mischtemperatur des Produktgases innerhalb der Auslasskammer, wobei ein mittels Gestänge axial verstellbarer Stopfen verwendet wird, der das in die Auslasskammer hineinragende, sich kegelförmig erweiternde Auslassende des Bypassrohres verschließt. Je nach Stellung des Stopfens ändert sich die Größe des Ringspalts zwischen seiner Außenfläche und der Innenfläche des Auslassendes des Bypassrohres, somit die Mengenanteile an über die Wärmetauscherrohre strömendem, gekühltem Gas und durch das Bypassrohr stömendem, ungekühltem Gas und schließlich die Mischtemperatur des Produktgases. Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass die Verschlussvorrichtung entweder aus hochkorrionsbeständigem, teurem Material oder aber, wie als vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung vorgeschlagen, mittels Kühlmedium gekühlt werden muss. Der Ausfall des Kühlmediums führte somit zur Zerstörung der Verschlussvorrichtung. Ferner ist auch bei dieser Lösung zu befürchten, dass es zur Bildung heißer Gassträhnen des Bypassgases kommt; dies dürfte insbesondere für die Anteile des Bypassgases gelten, die über den Ringspalt in Richtung zum Gasaustrittsstutzen entweichen. Diese Strähnen können auch die Innenwand der Auslasskammer erreichen, so dass dort Korrosion mittels "metal dusting" auftreten kann, was wiederum zu unerwünschten kurzen Wartungsintervallen bzw. zu einer kürzeren Lebensdauer des Abhitzekessels führt.In the German patent application DE 102005057674 A1 there is described a waste heat boiler which also has an inlet chamber, a bundle of heat exchange tubes, a bypass tube passing through the tube bundle, and an outlet chamber. Here, the setting of the mixing temperature of the product gas within the outlet chamber, wherein a means of linkage axially adjustable plug is used, which closes the projecting into the outlet chamber, conically widening outlet end of the bypass tube. Depending on the position of the plug, the size of the annular gap between its outer surface and the inner surface of the outlet end of the bypass tube changes, thus the proportions of cooled gas flowing through the heat exchanger tubes and uncooled gas flowing through the bypass tube and finally the mixing temperature of the product gas. The disadvantage here is that the closure device must be cooled either by hochkorrionsbeständigem, expensive material or, as proposed as an advantageous embodiment, by means of cooling medium. The failure of the cooling medium thus led to the destruction of the closure device. Furthermore, it is also to be feared in this solution that it comes to the formation of hot gas strands of the bypass gas; this is likely to apply in particular to the proportions of the bypass gas, which escape via the annular gap in the direction of the gas outlet nozzle. These strands can also reach the inner wall of the outlet chamber, so that there corrosion can occur by means of "metal dusting", which in turn leads to undesirable short maintenance intervals or to a shorter life of the waste heat boiler.

Insgesamt ist daher festzustellen, dass bislang keine wirklich befriedigende technische Lösung zur Ausgestaltung eines zur Abkühlung heißer Synthesegase einsetzbaren Abhitzekessels gefunden wurde, der sich durch Vermeidung von Korrosionserscheinungen, wie dem oben diskutierten "metal dusting", sowie eine gute Vermischung des gekühlten Gasanteils mit dem über das Bypassrohr strömenden Gasanteils zur Vermeidung heißer Gassträhnen auszeichnet.Overall, therefore, it should be noted that so far no really satisfactory technical solution for the design of a hot synthesis gas for cooling can be used Waste heat boiler has been found, which is characterized by avoiding corrosion phenomena, such as the "metal dusting" discussed above, and a good mixing of the cooled gas portion with the gas flowing through the bypass pipe gas fraction to avoid hot gas strands.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht daher darin, einen Abhitzekessel zur Abkühlung von Synthesegas zur Verfügung zu stellen, der die beschriebenen Nachteile vermeidet.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a waste heat boiler for the cooling of synthesis gas, which avoids the disadvantages described.

Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wird mit der Erfindung durch einen Abhitzekessel gelöst,

  • der innerhalb eines zylindrischen Mantels eine Vielzahl von Wärmeübertragungsrohren und ein Bypassrohr umfasst, die jeweils ein Einlassende und ein Auslassende aufweisen,
  • der einen Einlass zum Einleiten von Wasser auf der Mantelseite der Rohre umfasst,
  • der einen Einlass und eine Einlasskammer zum Einleiten eines heißen Gasstromes in das Einlassende der Rohre umfasst, wobei der Gasstrom durch die Wärmeübertragungsrohre hindurchgeleitet und dabei in indirektem Wärmeaustausch mit Wasser auf der Mantelseite gekühlt wird, wobei das Wasser mindestens teilweise verdampft wird,
  • der einen Auslass zum Ableiten von erzeugtem Wasser/Dampf und einen Auslass sowie eine Auslasskammer zum Ableiten des gekühlten Abgasstroms umfasst, und der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass das Auslassende des Bypassrohres in ein in die Auslasskammer hineinragendes, abknickendes Mündungsstück einmündet, dessen Mittellinie mit der Längsachse des Abhitzekessels einen Winkel a einschließt, wobei das Ende des Mündungsstückes mit einer Verschlussvorrichtung ausgestattet ist.
The above object is achieved with the invention by a waste heat boiler,
  • comprising within a cylindrical shell a plurality of heat transfer tubes and a bypass tube each having an inlet end and an outlet end,
  • comprising an inlet for introducing water on the shell side of the tubes,
  • comprising an inlet and an inlet chamber for introducing a hot gas stream into the inlet end of the tubes, the gas stream being passed through the heat transfer tubes while being cooled in indirect heat exchange with water on the shell side, the water being at least partially vaporized,
  • which comprises an outlet for discharging generated water / steam and an outlet and an outlet chamber for discharging the cooled exhaust gas flow, and which is characterized in that the outlet end of the bypass tube opens into an opening into the outlet chamber, kinking mouthpiece whose center line with the longitudinal axis the waste heat boiler includes an angle a, wherein the end of the mouth piece is equipped with a closure device.

Durch Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Abhitzekessels zur Abkühlung heißer Synthesegase wird eine Korrosion innerhalb der Auslasskammer durch "metal dusting" vermieden, da der über das Bypassrohr strömende, ungekühlte Gasanteil auf eine etwa kreisförmige Bahn innerhalb der Auslasskammer gelenkt wird, wodurch eine rotierende Strömung erzeugt wird. Diese sorgt für eine gute Durchmischung des gekühlten und des ungekühlten Gasanteils, so dass der für das Auftreten von Korrosionserscheinungen relevante Temperaturbereich rasch und vor Auftreffen von Gasanteilen auf die Behälterinnenwand in der Auslasskammer durchlaufen wird. Für die Konstruktion der Auslasskammer können daher Materialien mit normaler Korrosionsbeständigkeit verwendet werden.By using the waste heat boiler according to the invention for cooling of hot synthesis gas, corrosion within the outlet chamber is avoided by "metal dusting" since the uncooled gas fraction flowing over the bypass pipe is directed to an approximately circular path within the outlet chamber, whereby a rotating Flow is generated. This ensures a good mixing of the cooled and the uncooled gas fraction, so that the relevant for the occurrence of corrosion phenomena temperature range is passed quickly and before impingement of gas fractions on the inner wall of the container in the outlet chamber. For the construction of the outlet chamber therefore materials with normal corrosion resistance can be used.

Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der ErfindungPreferred embodiments of the invention

Besonders bevorzugt wird die Ausrichtung des abknickenden Mündungsstückes so gewählt, dass dieses von der Position des Synthesegas-Auslasses weitmöglichst weggegerichtet ist. Hierdurch wird der für die Durchmischung von heißen und kalten Gasanteilen zur Verfügung stehende Weg bzw. die Durchmischungszeit verlängert, wodurch deren Durchmischung weiter verbessert und die Gefahr der Bildung heißer Gassträhnen minimiert wird.Particularly preferably, the orientation of the kinking mouthpiece is selected so that it is as far as possible directed away from the position of the synthesis gas outlet. As a result, the available for the mixing of hot and cold gas components way or the mixing time is extended, thereby further improving their mixing and the risk of formation of hot gas strands is minimized.

Die genaue Größe des Winkels α zwischen der Längsachse des Abhitzekessels und der Mittellinie des Mündungsstücks ist von der Geometrie des Abhitzekessels, insbesondere der der Auslasskammer abhängig.The exact magnitude of the angle α between the longitudinal axis of the waste heat boiler and the center line of the mouthpiece is dependent on the geometry of the waste heat boiler, in particular that of the outlet chamber.

Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Abhitzekessels sieht vor, dass das Bypassrohr innerhalb des Mantels etwa axial-zentrisch angeordnet ist. Diese Lösung bietet konstruktive und mechanische Vorteile gegenüber einer nicht-axialzentrischen Anordnung des Bypassrohres innerhalb des Mantels sowie des Wärmetauscher-Rohrbündels.A preferred embodiment of the waste heat boiler according to the invention provides that the bypass tube is arranged approximately axially-centric within the shell. This solution provides structural and mechanical advantages over a non-axial centered arrangement of the bypass tube within the shell and the heat exchanger tube bundle.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das Mündungsstück und/oder die Verschlussvorrichtung aus einem keramischen Werkstoff gefertigt. Bei Verwendung dieses Werkstoffes entfällt die Gefahr einer Korrosion innerhalb des Mündungsstückes durch "metal dusting". Vorteilhaft ist zudem, dass hierdurch auf eine Kühlung des Mündungsstückes und der Verschlussvorrichtung verzichtet werden kann, wie sie im Stand der Technik bei Ausführung entsprechender Bauteile aus Metall beschrieben wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mouthpiece and / or the closure device is made of a ceramic material. When using this material eliminates the risk of corrosion within the mouthpiece by "metal dusting". Another advantage is that this can be dispensed with a cooling of the mouthpiece and the closure device, as described in the prior art in execution of corresponding components made of metal.

Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass eine besonders gute Durchmischung der heißen und kalten Gasanteile erhalten wird, wenn das Mündungsstück als schiefer Hohlkegelstumpf ausgebildet ist. Diese geometrische Ausgestaltung bewirkt neben der oben beschriebenen rotierenden Strömung auch eine Beschleunigung des heißen Gasanteils vor Austritt aus dem Bypassrohr, wodurch die Durchmischung der heißen und kalten Gasanteile noch verstärkt wird.Surprisingly, it has been found that a particularly good mixing of the hot and cold gas components is obtained if the mouthpiece is designed as a slanted hollow truncated cone. In addition to the above-described rotating flow, this geometric design also accelerates the hot gas portion before exiting the bypass tube, thereby further intensifying the mixing of the hot and cold gas fractions.

Besonders bevorzugt bilden Mündungsstück und die Verschlussvorrichtung eine einheitliche Baugruppe, die als Ganzes ausgetauscht werden kann. Im Revisionsfalle kann diese kompakte Baugruppe über eine Zugangsöffnung in der Wand der Auslasskammer einfach und rasch ausgetauscht werden, wodurch die Zeitdauer der Außerbetriebnahme des Abhitzekessels minimiert wird.Particularly preferably mouthpiece and the closure device form a unitary assembly that can be replaced as a whole. In the case of revision, this compact assembly can be easily and quickly replaced via an access opening in the wall of the outlet chamber, thereby minimizing the time required to decommission the waste heat boiler.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Abhitzekessels sieht vor, dass die Verschlussvorrichtung als Verschlussklappe ausgebildet ist, die mittels einer durch die Behälterwand geführten Welle betätigt wird. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Verschlussklappe so angeordnet wird, dass das Schließen der Verschlussklappe schwerkraftbedingt selbsttätig erfolgen kann. Im Falle eines Versagens der Betätigung ist damit sichergestellt, dass das Synthesegas vollständig durch das Rohrbündel geführt wird und damit gekühlt den Abhitzekessel verlässt.A particularly preferred embodiment of the waste heat boiler according to the invention provides that the closure device is designed as a closure flap, which is actuated by means of a guided through the container wall shaft. It is advantageous if the closure flap is arranged so that the closure of the closure flap can be effected automatically by gravity. In the event of failure of the operation is thus ensured that the synthesis gas is completely passed through the tube bundle and thus leaves the cooled heat recovery boiler.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Abkühlung heißen Synthesegases, das gekennzeichnet ist durch die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Abhitzekessels. Die gewünschte Gasaustrittstemperatur wird dabei durch eine entsprechende Größe der Betätigung der Verschlussvorrichtung, beispielsweise der Stellung der Verschlussklappe, eingestellt. Zur Messung der Temperatur dient eine innerhalb der Auslasskammer angebrachte Temperaturmesseinrichtung. Die Betätigung der Verschlussvorrichtung kann dann manuell oder mittels einer automatischen Regelung erfolgen. Die gemessene Temperatur wirkt bei automatischer Regelung als Führungsgröße über eine Regeleinrichtung auf die Größe der Betätigung der Verschlussvorrichtung, beispielsweise auf die Stellung der Verschlussklappe.The invention also relates to a method for cooling hot synthesis gas, which is characterized by the use of the waste heat boiler according to the invention. The desired gas outlet temperature is set by a corresponding size of the operation of the closure device, for example, the position of the flap. The temperature is measured by a temperature measuring device mounted inside the outlet chamber. The actuation of the closure device can then be done manually or by means of an automatic control. The measured temperature acts in automatic control as a reference variable via a control device on the size of the operation of the closure device, for example, on the position of the closure flap.

Es zeigt die einzige Figur schematisch einen Abhitzekessel zum Kühlen heißer Synthesegase gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung im Längsschnitt. Der Abhitzekessel weist einen Mantel 11 auf, der eine Vielzahl von als Rohrbündel ausgeführten Wärmeübertragungsrohren 4 und ein axial-zentrisch angeordnetes Bypassrohr 3 umhüllt, wobei die Rohre 3, 4 an deren Einlass- und Auslassenden von Rohrendplatten 12 eingefasst werden, so dass innerhalb des Mantels 11 sowie zwischen den eintritts- und austrittsseitigen Rohrendplatten 12 ein Hohlraum zum Durchleiten eines Kühlmediums entsteht. In diesem Hohlraum findet zwischen dem durch die Wärmeübertragungsrohre 4 geleiteten Synthesegas und dem eingeführten Kühlmedium ein indirekter Wärmeaustausch statt, wobei das Kühlmedium Wärme von dem heißen Synthesegas aufnimmt. Als Kühlmedium kommt dabei bevorzugt Wasser zum Einsatz, das beim Aufheizen teilverdampft wird. Das als Kühlmedium verwendete Wasser wird dem Abhitzekessel über Einlass 5 aufgegeben; das beim Kühlen durch Teilverdampfung erzeugte Dampf/Wasser-Gemisch wird über Auslass 6 abgeleitet. Vorteilhafterweise wird der dabei erzeugte Dampf als Hochdruckdampf in anderen Prozessen eingesetzt. Der auf der Seite des Einlasses 1 des zu kühlenden Synthesegases zwischen Mantel 11 und eintrittsseitiger Rohrendplatte 12 gebildete Hohlraum wird als Einlasskammer 2 bezeichnet. Der auf der Seite des Auslasses 10 des gekühlten Synthesegases zwischen Mantel 11 und austrittsseitiger Rohrendplatte 12 gebildete Hohlraum wird als Auslasskammer 9 bezeichnet.The single figure shows schematically a waste heat boiler for cooling hot synthesis gas according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation in longitudinal section. The waste heat boiler has a jacket 11, which encloses a plurality of heat transfer tubes 4 designed as a tube bundle and an axially centric bypass tube 3, the tubes 3, 4 being enclosed at their inlet and outlet ends by tube end plates 12, so that inside the shell 11 as well as between the inlet and outlet side pipe end plates 12, a cavity for passing a cooling medium is formed. In this cavity takes place between the guided through the heat transfer tubes 4 synthesis gas and the introduced cooling medium, an indirect heat exchange, wherein the cooling medium absorbs heat from the hot synthesis gas. The cooling medium used is preferably water, which is partially vaporized during heating. The water used as the cooling medium is given to the waste heat boiler via inlet 5; the steam / water mixture produced by partial evaporation during cooling is discharged via outlet 6. Advantageously, the steam generated thereby is used as high-pressure steam in other processes. The cavity formed on the side of the inlet 1 of the synthesis gas to be cooled between jacket 11 and inlet-side tube end plate 12 is referred to as inlet chamber 2. The cavity formed on the side of the outlet 10 of the cooled synthesis gas between jacket 11 and outlet-side tube end plate 12 is referred to as outlet chamber 9.

Das Bypassrohr 3 weist bevorzugt einen größeren Durchmesser auf als die Wärmeübertragungsrohre und kann über seine Länge ganz oder teilweise wärmeisoliert sein, um über das Bypassrohr 3 gegebenenfalls heißes, über Einlass 1 in den Abhitzekessel eintretendes Synthesegas ohne wesentliche Wärmeabgabe an das Kühlmedium strömen zu lassen.The bypass tube 3 preferably has a larger diameter than the heat transfer tubes and may be completely or partially thermally insulated over its length to optionally over the bypass tube 3 hot, entering via inlet 1 in the waste heat boiler Allow synthesis gas to flow without significant heat transfer to the cooling medium.

Mit dem Austrittsende des Bypassrohres ist mit Hilfe geeigneter Verbindungsmittel, bevorzugt einer Flanschverbindung, ein Mündungsstück 7 verbunden, das mittels einer Verschlussvorrichtung 8 gegenüber der Auslasskammer 9 verschlossen werden kann. Das Mündungsstück hat bevorzugt die Form eines schiefen Hohlkegelstumpfes mit etwa kreisförmiger Basis. Die Mittellinie des Mündungsstückes schließt mit der Längsachse des Abhitzekessels den Abknickwinkel α ein. Die Mittellinie wird dabei als Gerade definiert, die den Mittelpunkt der Basis des schiefen Hohlkegelstumpfes sowie den Mittelpunkt einer parallel dazu verlaufenden, von der Innenkontur des schiefen Hohlkegelstumpf eingeschlossenen, gedachten Hilfsfläche schneidet.With the outlet end of the bypass tube is connected by means of suitable connecting means, preferably a flange connection, a mouthpiece 7, which can be closed by means of a closure device 8 relative to the outlet chamber 9. The mouthpiece preferably has the shape of a crooked hollow truncated cone with an approximately circular base. The center line of the mouthpiece includes the Abknickwinkel α with the longitudinal axis of the waste heat boiler. The center line is defined as a straight line, which intersects the center of the base of the oblique hollow truncated cone and the center of a parallel thereto, enclosed by the inner contour of the oblique hollow truncated cone, imaginary auxiliary surface.

Durch die geometrische Ausgestaltung des Mündungsstückes 7 als schiefer Hohlkegelstumpf wird die aus dem Bypassrohr 3 austretende Gasströmung des ungekühlten Synthesegas-Anteils von der Längsache des Abhitzekessels weggelenkt und auf eine etwa kreisförmige Bahn innerhalb der Auslasskammer 9 abgelenkt, wie es in Fig 1 b) mittels Strömungspfeilen angedeutet wird. Hierdurch wird eine rotierende Strömung erzeugt, die für eine gute Durchmischung des gekühlten und des ungekühlten Gasanteils sorgt, so dass der für das Auftreten von Korrosionserscheinungen relevante Temperaturbereich rasch und vor Auftreffen von Gasanteilen auf die Innenwand des Mantels 11 in der Austrittskammmer durchlaufen wird. Eine lokale Überhitzung der Mantelinnenwand in der Auslasskammer insbesondere am Schnittpunkt der Längsachse mit der Mantelinnenwand ("hot spot") in den Temperaturbereich, in dem "metal dusting" auftritt, wird vermieden. Für die Konstruktion der Auslasskammer können daher Materialien mit normaler Korrosionsbeständigkeit verwendet werden.Due to the geometric configuration of the mouthpiece 7 as a slanted hollow truncated cone, the gas flow emerging from the bypass tube 3 of the uncooled synthesis gas portion is deflected away from the longitudinal axis of the waste heat boiler and deflected to an approximately circular path within the outlet chamber 9, as in Fig. 1 b) indicated by flow arrows. As a result, a rotating flow is generated, which ensures good mixing of the cooled and the uncooled gas fraction, so that the relevant for the occurrence of corrosion phenomena temperature range is passed quickly and before impingement of gas fractions on the inner wall of the shell 11 in the outlet chamber. Local overheating of the jacket inner wall in the outlet chamber, in particular at the intersection of the longitudinal axis with the jacket inner wall ("hot spot") in the temperature range in which "metal dusting" occurs, is avoided. For the construction of the outlet chamber therefore materials with normal corrosion resistance can be used.

Ferner wird durch die Verjüngung des Mündungsstückes in Strömungsrichtung eine Beschleunigung der aus dem Bypassrohr austretende Gasströmung verursacht. Idealerweise wird - im Kompromiss mit dem sich vergrößernden Druckverlust - die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Gases aus dem Mündungsstück soweit gesteigert, dass diese im turbulenten Bereich liegt. Hierdurch wird die Gasdurchmischung und die rasche Einstellung einer Mischtemperatur weiter verbessert.Furthermore, an acceleration of the gas flow emerging from the bypass pipe is caused by the taper of the mouthpiece in the flow direction. Ideally, in compromise with the increasing pressure loss, the exit velocity of the gas from the mouthpiece is increased to such an extent that it becomes turbulent Area is located. As a result, the gas mixing and the rapid adjustment of a mixing temperature is further improved.

Um den Weg des Gases in der Auslasskammer zu verlängern, sowie die Ausbildung einer rotierenden Strömung in der Auslasskammer zu fördern, wird die Ausrichtung des abknickenden Mündungsstückes in Weiterbildung der Erfindung bevorzugt so gewählt, dass dieses von der Position des Auslasses weitmöglichst weggerichtet ist. Dies entspricht einem eingeschlossenen Winkel von 180° zwischen der Mittellinie des Mündungsstückes und Position des Auslasses in Blickrichtung der Längsache des Abhitzekessels. Hierdurch wird die Vermischung der heißen und kalten Anteile des Synthesegases optimiert. Ferner wird dadurch die Gefahr der Bildung heißer Gassträhnen, die in nachgeschaltete Anlagenteile durchschlagen können, minimiert.In order to extend the path of the gas in the outlet chamber, as well as to promote the formation of a rotating flow in the outlet chamber, the alignment of the kinking mouthpiece is preferably chosen in a further development of the invention so that it is as far as possible directed away from the position of the outlet. This corresponds to an included angle of 180 ° between the center line of the mouthpiece and position of the outlet in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the waste heat boiler. This optimizes the mixing of the hot and cold components of the synthesis gas. Furthermore, the risk of the formation of hot gas strands, which can penetrate into downstream system components, is minimized.

Für einen Abhitzekessel, der in seinen Proportionen dem in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellten Abhitzekessel entspricht, haben Rechnungen zur Strömungssimulation einen Vorzugsbereich des Abknickwinkels α ergeben, wobei Abknickwinkel zwischen 20 und 40° besonders bevorzugt werden. Der genaue Wert des Abknickwinkels hängt sowohl von der Geometrie des Abhitzekessels als auch von den Gasgeschwindigkeiten der Synthesegasanteile durch die Rohre 3, 4 ab. Größere Abknickwinkel über 60° sind nicht empfehlenswert, da dann der ungekühlte Gasanteil zu steil auf die Innenwand des Mantels 11 auftrifft, so dass dort eine lokale Überhitzung ("hot spot") auftreten kann, in deren Folge die oben beschriebene "metal dusting"-Korrosion auftreten kann.For a waste heat boiler, which in its proportions the in Fig. 1 corresponds schematically illustrated waste heat boiler, calculations for flow simulation have a preferred range of the Abknickwinkels α result, with Abknickwinkel between 20 and 40 ° are particularly preferred. The exact value of the Abknickwinkels depends both on the geometry of the waste heat boiler and on the gas velocities of the syngas components through the tubes 3, 4. Larger Abknickwinkel over 60 ° are not recommended, since then the uncooled gas component impinges too steeply on the inner wall of the shell 11, so that there may occur a local overheating ("hot spot"), as a result, the above-described "metal dusting" Corrosion can occur.

Das mechanische Design des erfindungsgemäßen Abhitzekessels ermöglicht eine spannungsarme mechanische Anbindung des Mündungsstücks und der Verschlussvorrichtung, wobei als Material für das Mündungsstück und die Verschlussvorrichtung korrosionsunempfindliche Keramik gewählt werden kann. Die Auswahl nichtmetallischer, z. B. keramischer Werkstoffe für die Verschlusskonstruktion gestattet einen korrosionsfreien Betrieb, unabhängig von der lokal herrschenden Mischtemperatur. Die Kühlung entfällt und Kühlmedien, beispielsweise Prozessgas, werden eingespart. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, Mündungsstück und Verschlussvorrichtung als gemeinsame Baugruppe anzufertigen, so dass ein rascher Austausch der kompletten Baugruppe im Reparaturfall in modularer Form durch eine Zugangsöffnung (nicht dargestellt in Fig. 1) erfolgen kann.The mechanical design of the waste heat boiler according to the invention allows a low-tension mechanical connection of the mouthpiece and the closure device, which can be selected as the material for the mouthpiece and the closure device corrosion-resistant ceramic. The selection of non-metallic, z. As ceramic materials for the closure construction allows a corrosion-free operation, regardless of the local prevailing mixing temperature. The cooling is eliminated and cooling media, such as process gas, are saved. It is particularly advantageous mouthpiece and closure device as a common assembly so that a rapid replacement of the complete assembly in case of repair in modular form through an access opening (not shown in Fig. 1 ).

Bei dem in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel dient eine schwenkbare Verschlussklappe als Verschlussvorrichtung, die mittels einer durch den Mantel 11 durchgeführten, in Blickrichtung auf Fig. 1 angeordneten Welle betätigt werden kann. Die Betätigung der Verschlussklappe über die Welle kann manuell oder mittels Motorantrieb erfolgen. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Verschlussklappe so angeordnet, dass sie im Falle eines Versagens der Betätigung selbsttätig, z. B. schwerkraftgetrieben, schließt. Im Falle eines Versagens der Betätigung ist damit sichergestellt, dass das Synthesegas vollständig durch das Rohrbündel geführt wird und damit gekühlt den Abhitzekessel verlässt.At the in Fig. 1 schematically illustrated embodiment serves a pivotable flap as a closure device, which carried out by means of a through the jacket 11, in the viewing direction Fig. 1 arranged wave can be actuated. The actuation of the flap over the shaft can be done manually or by motor drive. Advantageously, the closure flap is arranged so that it automatically in case of failure of the operation, for. B. gravity-driven, closes. In the event of failure of the operation is thus ensured that the synthesis gas is completely passed through the tube bundle and thus leaves the cooled heat recovery boiler.

Gewerbliche AnwendbarkeitIndustrial Applicability

Mit der Erfindung wird somit ein verbesserter Abhitzekessel zur Abkühlung heißer Synthesegase zur Verfügung gestellt, der sich durch robuste, einfache Ausführung, geringe Störungsanfälligkeit, Wartungsfreundlichkeit, Betriebssicherheit sowie lange Betriebsintervalle auszeichnet. Die Verschlussvorrichtung wird ungekühlt betrieben, das Kühlmittel entfällt. Im Falle eines Versagens der Betätigung der Verschlussvorrichtung ist durch schwerkraftbedingtes, selbsttätiges Schließen sichergestellt, dass das Synthesegas vollständig durch das Rohrbündel geführt wird und damit gekühlt den Abhitzekessel verlässt.The invention thus provides an improved waste heat boiler for cooling hot synthesis gases, which is distinguished by robust, simple design, low susceptibility to faults, ease of maintenance, operational safety and long service intervals. The closure device is operated uncooled, the coolant is eliminated. In the event of failure of the operation of the closure device is ensured by gravity, automatic closing that the synthesis gas is completely passed through the tube bundle and thus cooled leaving the waste heat boiler.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Einlass GasInlet gas
22
Einlasskammerinlet chamber
33
Bypassrohrbypass pipe
44
WärmeübertragungsrohreHeat transfer tubes
55
Einlass WasserInlet water
66
Auslass Wasser/DampfOutlet water / steam
77
Mündungsstückmouthpiece
88th
Verschlussvorrichtungclosure device
99
Auslasskammeroutlet
1010
Auslass GasOutlet gas
1111
Mantelcoat
1212
Rohrendplattetube end

Claims (10)

  1. A waste-heat boiler which inside an approximately cylindrical shell (11) comprises a plurality of heat transfer tubes (4) and a bypass tube (3), which each have an inlet end and an outlet end,
    - which comprises an inlet (5) for introducing water on the shell side of the tubes (4),
    - which comprises an inlet (1) and an inlet chamber (2) for introducing a hot gas stream into the inlet end of the tubes, wherein the gas stream is passed through the heat transfer tubes (4) and on the shell side is cooled by indirect heat exchange with water, wherein the water is at least partly evaporated,
    - which comprises an outlet (6) for discharging water/steam generated and an outlet (10) as well as an outlet chamber (9) for discharging the cooled waste gas stream,
    characterized in that the outlet end of the bypass tube opens into a bent orifice piece (7) protruding into the outlet chamber, whose center line includes a bending angle α with the longitudinal axis of the waste heat boiler, wherein the end of the orifice piece is equipped with a closure device (8).
  2. The waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the orientation of the bent orifice piece (7) is chosen such that the same is directed away from the position of the outlet (10) as far as possible.
  3. The waste heat boiler according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized in that the bypass tube (3) is arranged approximately axially-centrically inside the shell (11).
  4. The waste heat boiler according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifice piece (7) and/or the closure device (8) is/are fabricated of a ceramic material.
  5. The waste heat boiler according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifice piece (7) is formed as an oblique hollow truncated cone.
  6. The waste heat boiler according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifice piece (7) and the closure device (8) form an assembly which can be replaced as a whole.
  7. The waste heat boiler according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closure device (8) is formed as closure cap.
  8. The waste heat boiler according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closure cap (8) is actuated by means of a shaft guided through the container wall.
  9. The waste heat boiler according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that closing the closure cap (8) can be effected automatically due to gravity.
  10. A process for cooling hot synthesis gas, characterized by the use of a waste heat boiler according to claims 1 to 10, wherein the waste heat boiler gas outlet temperature is controlled by the position of the closure cap (8).
EP20090012697 2009-10-07 2009-10-07 Waste heat boiler and method for cooling synthesis gas Active EP2312252B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3267100A1 (en) 2016-07-08 2018-01-10 L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'exploitation Des Procédés Georges Claude Steam creation system
DE102016120170A1 (en) 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Steam generating plant
WO2018007024A1 (en) 2016-07-08 2018-01-11 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Steam generating system

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