EP2132260A2

EP2132260A2 - Material for the formation of structures having a support function

Info

Publication number: EP2132260A2
Application number: EP08718139A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Holger Redtel
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-03-23
Filing date: 2008-03-20
Publication date: 2009-12-16
Also published as: WO2008116847A3; US20100294996A1; WO2008116847A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a material for the formation of structures composed of a polymer or a polymer mixture and an initiator, wherein the polymer or polymer mixture may be transferred by the initiator from a liquid or viscous state to a solid state, and the use of said material, and a method for the production of structures using said material.

Description

Material for forming structures with support function

The invention relates to a material for forming structures and to a method for producing a structure and to the use of the material.

Many areas of life require things that are bulky or difficult to transport. Also, it is often necessary to transport required devices to a place where they can not reach their own size or only in a disassembled state.

Materials having energy absorbing function are known in the art. Examples are deposits in car seats, as z. B. in US 6,688,686 Bl, or gel deposits in devices for the stabilization of decubitus patients, as described, for. As described in EP 0 057 838 Al, called. On the other hand, devices are needed that are used to transport sensitive, bulky or larger objects even in the event of a disaster. For the transport of people z. B. complex transport in US 5,121,514, in the

No. 5,560,059, US Pat. No. 6,898,811 B2, US Pat. No. 7,281,285 B2, US 2008/0001421 A1, FR 2 602 971 or JP 10248950 A. In GB 2 401 055 A a film is described for a variety of uses to aid in survival under adverse conditions, which is incorporated into an apparatus by which it can be used in a number of applications, e.g. As a rescue device, sleeping bag, blanket, portable, Wasserreser ^¬ voir, tent, protective wall or poncho. This film is made by specific fasteners for each Purpose fixed, but does not change their properties specifically by the action of energy.

On the other hand, materials are known that absorb energy. In US 7,091,297 B2 z. B. thermoplastic polyurethanes having an alternating sequence of hard and soft segments with an integrated oligomeric silesquioxanediol as a chain extender and diisocyanates having these properties. Polyurethanes with shape memory with a

Hard segment and at least two soft segments are described for example in US 6,720,402 B2.

DE 100 16 486 C2 describes a variable length patient recovery and support system with modular intrinsically rigid elements which can be combined in a variable number by joining them together. In US 6,539,566 Bl a patient recovery and support system is shown with circular arms on each side. The arms support an upper frame via cross tubes and linear actuators act on the cross tubes to move the upper frame horizontally or vertically. DE 197 08 394 A1 describes a device for transporting patients with intrinsically rigid or stiffenable supports with detachable parts.

So far, however, no devices have become known which are both easy to handle, which are easy to transport and which can be brought into the required shape at the place of use without mechanical devices such as hinges, eyelets or straps. According to the prior art, no special materials have been used so far, which make the installation of hinges, straps or similar mechanical means superfluous. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a material that is easy to transport and can be brought into the required shape at the place of use.

The object of the present invention is achieved by a material for forming structures, wherein a polymer or a polymer mixture can be converted by an initiator of a liquid or viscous state into a solid state.

The material according to the invention having an energy absorbing and / or shape memory structure can easily be transported to the place of use and reversibly brought into a form suitable for the respective application by the application of energy in the form of heat, force or work, remains in this form during use and may be restored to its original form after use.

The material according to the invention is a system which is independently fixed by the action of energy or by work. The material according to the invention consists of one or more polymers whose chemical structure and the morphology based thereon are such that they change their elastic or viscoelastic state under the influence of energy by at least one order of magnitude in the module with a comparatively small change of the external conditions. Within a short change of state of the external conditions, this change leads to larger jumps in property, by means of which the properties of the device are significantly changed in the desired sense. The change of the state of the polymer or the polymer mixture is preferably reversible. Such a material enables the production of supporting devices with energy absorbing function. In this case, the material according to the invention changes specifically in its properties by heat, external forces or liquids approaching it, wherein this change is reversible when the external factors cease to exist.

The initiator is preferably suitable for transferring energy in the form of heat, force and / or work to the polymer or the polymer mixture. The energy forms that can be used to change the properties are once thermal energy, i. H. a cooling or heating of the material in the device by 0.5 to

10 K, on the other pressure in the range of 1 to 100,000 P, the deformation and thereby internal heating of the material by structural changes, eg. As changes in the crystal or domain structure, causes or expansion, which is again a thermal state change in the material, or a change in the relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere, through which the material z. B. becomes more elastic due to a softening effect and thereby achieves a lower modulus, or by immersion in liquids, by the diffusion into the surface of the material according to the invention also structural changes and are achieved by these jumps in the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the energy can be supplied in the form of work, wherein the work is converted into heat by the special structure of the materials in them and this in turn causes morphological structural and thus property ^¬ changes.

A combination of two or more of these Energiebzw. Environmental forms to produce the desired Energy absorbing or shape memory effect is also an object of this invention. So z. B. pressure and temperature combined with each other act on the device or the material according to the invention. Furthermore, a combination of temperature and

Change by the surrounding medium, eg. B. in an aqueous solution possible. By a combination of such physical factors or influences, the inventive change of the state of the polymer or polymer mixture and thus of the material according to the invention is effected.

The polymer is preferably a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, a polystyrene or a copolymer of polystyrene with acrylonitrile and / or

Butadiene, a polyurethane (PU), a copolymer of ethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinyl butyral (PVB), an ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM), a silicone, a polyether, a polyester or a mixture of these polymers.

For the applications described here are essentially polymers, composites or composite materials in question. Such materials have essentially a compact structure and are characterized by their structure in the

Able to absorb energy, convert it into heat, or store or convert work through energy cycles. Materials of the type described may consist of polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, of polystyrene or its copolymers with acrylonitrile and / or butadiene (ABS, SBS, SAN) or of polyurethanes.

Polyurethanes, crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EPDM), silicones are used as polymers or polymer mixtures for use in the material according to the invention or polyether esters into consideration. The selection of suitable polymers or polymer mixtures is carried out according to the purpose of use, wherein apart from the type of polymer or polymer mixture, its suitability either as an energy-absorbing material or as a polymer with shape memory or a combination of both is considered.

In particular, the following polymers or polymer mixtures are used according to the invention.

As polyurethanes

a) those based on at least two polyether alcohols of different molecular weights, of which at least one of the polyether alcohols is trifunctional with respect to hydroxyl groups and has at most a molecular weight of 1000 and the second polyether alcohol has a hydroxyl functionality of 2 to 3 and at least one molecular weight from 2000 and this mixture with a di- and / or trifunctional

Isocyanate is reacted at an isocyanate index of 45 to 115, if appropriate in the presence of catalysts and / or additives,

b) those based on polyether alcohol mixtures having nano- and / or microscale oligo- and / or polyureas dispersed therein, which are obtained by depolymerization of flexible polyurethane foams, by reaction with one or more difunctional and / or trifunctional isocyanates one

Isocyanate index of 55 to 115 may be obtained in the presence of catalysts and / or additives or

c) those based on polyether alcohol

Polyester alcohol mixtures in which the polyether kohole a hydroxyl functionality of 2 to 3 and a molecular weight of 2000-7000 and the Polyesteral ^¬ alcohols have a hydroxyl functionality of 2 to 2.3, and a molecular weight from 250 to 650, this mixture with one or more trifunk- di- and / or tional Isocyanates is reacted at an isocyanate index of 55 to 115, if appropriate in the presence of catalysts and / or additives,

used. However, other combinations of starting materials are also conceivable if these have the properties defined according to the invention, ie. H. Absorb energy, have a shape memory and / or a module jump of at least one power of ten with a slight change from the outside, z. B. a temperature change of 3 to 8 K, have.

As polymers or polymer mixtures according to the present invention, materials are also understood and used which are reacted by reaction extrusion of polymers having reactive groups and monomers, oligomers, polymers and / or catalysts reacting therewith. From this group of materials are selected

d) copolymers of ethylene with pendent Koh ^¬ lenstoff-carbon double bonds, which are radically crosslinked by peroxides, etc. Stickstoffabspalter during extrusion,

e) copolymers of ethylene with pendent Koh ^¬ lenstoff-carbon double bonds which are cross-linked by reactive monomers such as silanes or amines, f) copolymers of ethylene with pendent radio ^¬ tional groups which are reacted by using this reaktionsfä ^¬ ELIGIBLE groups in monomers, oligomers or polymers,

g) polyvinyl alcohols having pendant Hydro ^¬ xylgruppen and hydroxyl numbers between 50 and 400 mg KOH / g, which are reacted with di- and / or polyisocyanates and / or isocyanate prepolymer

h) polyvinyl butyrals having pendant Hydro ^¬ xylgruppen and hydroxyl numbers between 5 and 300 mg KOH / g, which are reacted with di- and / or polyisocyanates and / or isocyanate prepolymer

i) polyether having terminal hydroxyl groups and hydroxyl numbers of 1 to 30 mg which are reacted with di- and / or polyisocyanates and / or Isocya ^¬ natprepolymeren KOH / g,

(j) polyurethanes based on polycaprolactone polyols of molar mass 2000 to 10,000, which are reacted with one or more di- and / or polyisocyanates,

k) polyvinyl butyrals having pendant Hydro ^¬ xylgruppen and hydroxyl numbers between 5 and 300 mg are reacted with isocyanate prepolymers based on Polyetheralkoholgemischen having dispersed therein nano-scale fillers KOH / g,

1) polyvinyl butyrals having pendant Hydro ^¬ xylgruppen and hydroxyl numbers between 5 and 300 mg KOH / g, the dispersed with isocyanate prepolymers based on Polyetheralkoholgemischen therein with nanoscale or microscale oligo- and / or polyureas are reacted.

The polymers or polymer mixtures mentioned here have the properties to be achieved with appropriate composition of the starting materials and processing. With this representation of the polymers or polymer mixtures, however, the group of energy-absorbing polymers is far from exhausted. Therefore, other polymers than those mentioned here or polymer mixtures can be used in the material according to the invention.

The polymers or polymer mixtures used can be changed within a short time, ie within one second to five minutes, in their elastic behavior in a targeted manner in their present form. Elastic behavior is understood here to mean a property which is characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 100 to 12,000 N / mm ² and a Shore hardness between A25 to D50.

The polymers or polymer mixtures for use in the material according to the invention are produced by extrusion, injection molding, casting, blowing, reaction extrusion or reaction injection molding into strips, wires,

Profiles, moldings, sheet-like structures, composites or composites of one or more of said polymers or polymer mixtures. These can be further connected to each other after production or with other polymers or polymer blends, for. B. intertwined, twisted, spun, glued or verschscheißt. Furthermore, composites can be produced by fusing or coating. In a further form, 2 to 100 wires, profiles or tubes are combined into bundles and possibly inserted in an envelope, so that fiber or tube bundles are formed, which are used in the material according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more fillers are included.

The filler is preferably a filler selected from the group of electrical conductors, heat-conducting substances, hydrophilic substances, nanoscale inorganic or organic substances.

It is conceivable to add certain fillers which are incorporated into the polymer or polymer mixture intended to enhance these effects. Thus, in the polymer or polymer mixture electrical conductors, for. As wires are incorporated, which lead to a change in state when applying a voltage to local heating and through this. Furthermore, special electrically conductive fillers in the entire material or a layer of a composite material, for. As iodine or

Metal powder or iodine, are incorporated, and this layer then supplies the required heat energy to the composite, so that it changes its viscoelastic properties abruptly.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to add heat-conductive fillers which are incorporated into the polymer or the polymer mixture and lead to improved heat transfer by external heat sources and rapid complete through-heating of the material. As such fillers z. As silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum nitride or similar substances.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to incorporate hydrophilic fillers or hydrophilic regions or structural sections into the polymer or polymer mixture or into the Incorporate polymer structure. As such z. As starch, cellulose, low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycols, etc. are used. In the design of the polymer structure good results could be achieved when incorporating longer sections of polyethylene glycol units of molecular weight 200 to 5000.

The incorporation of nanoscale inorganic or organic fillers to enhance the energy-absorbing effect or the shape memory effect in the polymer or polymer mixture is also conceivable. As nanoscale inorganic fillers montmorrolinite, magnesium, silicon carbide, alkaline earth metal sols and / or Schichtsili ^¬ kate are preferred. As nanoscale organic fillers, inactive and active fillers are included. As inactive nanoscale fillers z. B. derived from dispersions, incorporated into the polymer or polymer blend polymers such as polystyrene, styrene copolymers such as SAN (thermoplastic copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile) or SBS (styrene / butadiene / styrene triblock copolymers) used. As active organic fillers, specially prepared oligo- or polyureas having functional groups on the particle surface are used.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymer or the polymer mixture is enveloped by a shell, wherein the shell dictates the shape of the structure. For this purpose, the material according to the invention can be introduced into an enclosure. This shell may also have a shaping function in addition to a cohesive function, ie the polymers are already introduced into their production and remain therein, so that a composite is produced. This shell can be further adapted to the conditions of use or the application. In this case, such shell materials are used, which are resistant to the polymer or the polymer mixture and can not penetrate the shell. The shell materials may have a wall thickness of 0.01 to 10 mm and from a same or different polymers, for. As PVC, polyacrylates, PTFE, PVDF, polypropylene, polystyrene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, of metals such as steel, stainless steel, bronze, aluminum, aluminum alloys,

Magnesium, magnesium alloys, or inorganic materials such as ceramics, silicates, or glass. For sheet materials plastic films can be used, for. For example, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene or polyester films.

The conditions at the place of use can be exploited to trigger the property change according to the invention. So z. B. a high humidity on

Place of use can be used so that the material softens more, thereby achieving lower hardness and greater elasticity. In cold environments, the property change should begin at a lower temperature, which is achieved by the structure of the material, e.g. B. by lower crosslink density, by higher molecular weights or lower indices in reactions. Conversely, when used at higher temperature, eg. B. in the tropics or in the desert, the inventive effect is triggered at higher temperatures, eg. Example, by increasing the crosslink density, shorter structures or more rigid structural elements.

The applied, externally applied energy can trigger (trigger) structural changes in the polymer or polymer mixture. Such structural Changes can z. B. in a change in the crystal structure or in a change in the space groups of the crystals. Furthermore, in phase-separated polymers, the phase boundaries may shift from intermolecular bonding through rearrangement, producing a higher or lower degree of phase separation, or creating sharper or blurred phase boundaries (domain boundaries). In certain polymers or polymer mixtures in this reactions can be triggered by the change in the molecular weight distribution occurs, for. B. in polyester mixtures or in polyether esters by transesterifications.

Furthermore, the object of the present invention is achieved by a process in which the polymer or the polymer mixture is converted by activation of the initiator from a liquid or viscous state into a solid state. It can by the environment at the site, z. As with respect to temperatures, humidity, altitude, etc., a use of different polymers or polymer mixtures may be required. The polymers may be selected from the polymers and polymer blends noted above. In addition, the above-mentioned fillers can also be added. The activation of the initiator takes place by

Supply of a force in the form of a temperature change or work.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention brings one or more fillers in the polymer or polymer mixture brings.

The filler is preferably selected from the group of electrical conductors, thermally conductive substances, hydrophilic substances, nanoscale inorganic or organic substances. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymer or the polymer mixture is filled into a shell, the shell defining the shape of the structure to be formed. The case should be made of any of the materials described above, which should be matched to the particular application. It is shell designed such that it forms by actuation of the initiator and associated change of the polymer or polymer mixture, this in the desired structure.

The energy transfer can be caused by an initiator as described above.

Furthermore, the object of the present invention by a use of the device for the production of devices in medicine, medical technology, construction, advertising, the defense industry, civil protection, sport (Sport- and Freizeitarti ^¬ Article), the vehicle, the Space technology, the food industry or tool production.

The use of the material according to the invention is possible in almost all areas of technology.

Furthermore, the object of the present invention by a use of the device for the production of carriers, blankets, implants, corsets, support bandages,

Protectors, seats, halls, signs, garments, transport safety devices or vehicle parts solved.

The material according to the invention can be made available in a kit, the films in the form of a

Contains composite in a sterile package. In a In another embodiment, this device may contain two or more polymers or polymer mixtures according to the invention in the form of a composite or in the kit for producing a composite. Furthermore, for different purposes, two or more envelopes in the

Be kit. The polymer may already be connected to the wrapping material or only be connected to it at the place of use. Colorless, transparent to opaque materials may be used as the wrapping material or the material may be provided with additives which produce opacity or a certain color. So z. As titanium dioxide can be used in micronized form, in addition to an optical seal to produce additional UV protection.

One can build the inventive material from a wrapping material filled with a polymer or Polymerge ^¬ mixed in the form of a double hull. This double shell may be filled with another polymer or polymer mixture, for. As a gel in the form of a silicone gel or a polyurethane gel, in the form of a viscoelastic foam or in the form of a gas, said layer may be between 1 mm and 25 cm. In use, a change in structure and / or a change in shape is achieved by heating or cooling, for. B. by integrated functions such as conductive additives in the polymer or polymer mixture or in this introduced heating wires or Peltier elements with an external power supply. Such devices can be advantageously used for the recovery of accident victims. By designing the device with temperature-sensitive materials, this device can assume both a desired structure and a desired rigidity at the site of use, by elastification or solidification by the supply of heat or cold is set by exceeding or falling below the glass transition.

A viscoelastic material can be placed in a sheath of a second material around an object to be protected, e.g. As the spine of a human being, modeled and solidified by suitable additives and externally supplied energy so that a lifting or transport is possible.

It is also conceivable a garment, is introduced into the material of the invention and in this case serves as a shell. In this case, the garment may be completely or partially filled with the material. By suitable external energy action, the materials of the invention incorporated into the garment can then solidify or become viscoelastic. Again, by suitable energy supply, the glass transition is undercut (for solidification) or exceeded (to produce higher elasticity or softness). The material of the invention can be used to make helmets, pants, jackets, protective clothing, etc. A particular embodiment consists in the protective clothing for motorcyclists, the cover of a material such as leather, synthetic leather,

Neoprene or the like, as well as a material incorporated therein, for receiving a work, eg. B. a pulse in an accident, is able and z. B. consists of a polyurethane or polyether ester according to the invention and thus serve as protectors.

An essential field of application of the material according to the invention is medicine and medical technology including civil protection or rescue. From the material of the invention can be

Make fixation bandages or fixation splints. The combination of a shell material and an energy-absorbing polymer according to the invention forms a suitable structure. By adding heat and / or electrical energy-conducting additives in the polymer, after the composite material has been applied to an arm or leg, it is solidified by absorption or removal of energy, so that a permanent but reversible support function is achieved. Compared to the prior art, the material according to the invention offers the advantage that the position of the rail can be corrected at any time, that it can be reused and that any heat development occurring during the curing of conventional materials does not occur.

The far one can the material of the invention for

Manufacture of orthoses for the trunk, pelvis, head and / or neck of a patient by applying the material in the elastic, deformable state and by the incorporated in the polymeric materials fillers by uptake or removal of energy in the desired shape is brought. In a similar manner, orthopedic footwear inserts may be made by forming them from deformable materials that are reversibly shaped above the glass transition and used in the desired shape during use. In particular, the material of the invention is used for structures which require shape correction during use, e.g. In children, when the orthosis needs to be worn for extended periods, which requires constant adaptation in the growth phase. The special properties of the materials used in the devices according to the invention, this effect is achieved and is by the creation of reversible shaping, the material "remembers" the original shape, again and again reproducible. Due to the possibility of combining different materials according to the invention into composite materials, a desired elasticity and hardness can be set and varied during use via the incorporated additives. The material according to the invention used as orthoses is thus much easier to produce and handle and also provides the patient with the advantage of a millimeter accuracy adjustment and adaptation in the required hardness. This is only possible to a limited extent with conventional materials such as thermoformable polymers. The material according to the invention is more flexible due to its arbitrary often and quickly achievable strength change.

Furthermore, limb prostheses and stump embedding can be produced from the material according to the invention. Here, the same advantages as with the orthoses are achieved. A special feature is the use of the inventions ^{¬ to the} invention as interim prostheses, z. B. in fresh amputees.

Furthermore, the material according to the invention can be used in accident, tumor and septic surgery. The material is used as composite material for internal or external coverage, replacement or bridging of tissue defects or tissue damage or surgery. In this case, the material according to the invention is designed so that it can be sterilized and used as implants. It is also possible physiological or pathological changes in body temperature, but also all other physiological and pathological changes in the homeostasis of the organism for targeted and / or deliberate changes in state of the inventive polymer or polymer mixture ^¬ used in the organism can be used. The material according to the invention can also be formed as a sheet-like composite material, so that the inventive combination of a shell material and energy-absorbing polymer / polymer mixture "intelligent" textiles with a variety of functions for

Are made available that change their shape, their elasticity and / or their hardness in particular by the action of energy. Here, the fiction, modern ^¬ material can turn into a garment eingear- be beitet, in the same sensors and / or

Sensors are incorporated, by which one can measure the posture and the movements of a patient and thus pursued. The sensors react to the response of the material to the force and pass it on to a measuring device via the sensors or sensors in the form of a signal that is generated by converting the thermal energy into electrical energy to immediately visualize the movements, to respond to them and, if necessary, to influence them by changing the polymer / polymer mixture.

In civil protection, the material according to the invention can be used in various forms. A shape is z. As a rescue blanket, which stiffened or solidified by using an external energy, so that injured can be transported. In this case, composites of shell materials and the energy-absorbing polymer or polymer mixture according to the invention are used again. These polymers or Polymerge ^¬ mixtures can, for. B. transported in rolled form in the field, unrolled there by the use of energy and shaped and held by reforming the energy ^{¬ use} in this form over a certain period. After the end of the mission, the energy to be absorbed by the shape memory of the Polymers restored the original shape. With this embodiment, z. B. the complex equipment of mountain rescue significantly simplified and the injured a painless to painless storage can be achieved. Devices made from the material of the invention take up less space in vehicles or helicopters than previous devices and can be used quickly and efficiently at the point of use.

In transportation, the material according to the invention can be used for the storage of sensitive, including pressure-sensitive objects during transport, by the material assuming the shape required for the articles and being stabilized therein by externally supplied or withdrawn energy. These embeddings then protect the sensitive objects sustainably and efficiently.

This also makes the transport of bulky

Allow objects by being wrapped with a film of the material of the invention, which is then stiffened.

In vehicle construction, it is possible to produce stabilizing seat shells from the material according to the invention, in which the energy-absorbing polymer or polymer mixture is positioned under the cloth or leather cover of the seats. This is done via easily transporting additives, a line of energy in the material, the

Energy supply (the initiator) can be coupled to the energy supply to the airbag and the material within a period of 0.1 to 60 seconds another, in this case higher rigidity by the glass transition is significantly exceeded. This process can be triggered both automatically and by separate energy to be applied externally during the rescue operation. The deformed material according to the invention in the vehicle seat can be removed from persons outside the vehicle at a predetermined breaking point from the vehicle and transported with the accident victim. So are any movements of Unfallop ^¬ fers that could lead to a further deterioration of his condition, avoided. In addition, at any time, the shape of the material may be altered by the supply or withdrawal of energy and adapted to changing conditions.

Also in vehicle construction, the material according to the invention can be used for the production of convertible tops. Such a top, like the fabric known embodiments, initially flexible so that it can be easily opened or closed. By actuating an initiator which, for example, via a line in the material according to the invention ^¬ ranges, an electrical voltage can be applied, which stimulates the material according to the invention to a desired solid form to assume. In this way, a solid vehicle roof would form that does not have the disadvantages of a fabric hood.

Likewise, the material according to the invention can be used for the production of tarpaulins for trucks or a tarpaulin for ships, which are mounted in a flexible state and then stiffened.

Also, a use of the material according to the invention for the production of security system for bicycles, such. B. as Radnabensicherung in conjunction with a transponder. By stiffening the material, the bike is secured against unauthorized driving is a suitable transponder used the material is softer again and allows the use of the bike. As an initiator, a lever such as the handbrake can be used and as an energy source of the dynamo of the bicycle.

Similarly, the securing of a bicycle could be done by a flexible or fixed bottom bracket.

A use in space technology, for example for sun sails, is also conceivable.

Also conceivable is a use of the invention ^shown SEN material in which the material is double-walled so that it can be used as an air bag or air bag tent halls. By a construction of two shells, which can absorb energy, the shape can be set when crossing the glass transition and fixed by falling below. Thus, the material according to the invention in this

Embodiment on its own statics, which does not have to be prepared by additional elements. As a result of this construction, complicated structures can be realized extremely quickly and their outer walls can be used, for example, for advertising purposes.

But in other areas of construction, the use of the material according to the invention is conceivable. For example, roller blinds and roller shutters can be produced from the material, which can be achieved, for example, by applying a

Stress can be stiffened and thus can also be connected to a home security / alarm system. In the following the invention will be described in more detail with reference to figures and examples. In detail shows

Figure Ia and b the use of the invention

Material as a fixation bandage / fixation splint,

FIG. 2 shows the use of the material according to the invention as an orthosis,

FIG. 3 shows the use of the material according to the invention as a limb prosthesis,

FIG. 4 shows the use of the material according to the invention as covering, replacement and bridging of tissue defects,

FIG. 5 shows the use of the material according to the invention in textiles,

6a shows the use of the inventive material as a rescue stretcher (in rolled together ^¬ quantitative position),

Figure 6b to the use of the inventive material as a rescue stretcher (in rolled out ^¬ position),

FIG. 6c shows the use of the material according to the invention as a rescue stretcher (adapted to a patient),

FIG. 6d shows the use of the material according to the invention as rescue stretcher (adapted to a patient, cross section), FIG. 7 shows the use of the invention

Material as a self-stabilizing seat shell,

FIG. 8 shows the use of the invention

Material for making a hall,

FIG. 9 shows the use of the invention

Material for making a signage for advertising and

FIG. 10 shows the use of the invention

Material for making a protective suit.

The material 1 according to the invention can be supplied in the form of a kit which contains the initiator and the polymer and / or the polymer mixture and optionally further fillers. Various polymers and polymer blends may be included, so that depending on the location of use, a corresponding polymer or a polymer blend can be used. Also different covers can be included in the kit. The polymer may already be filled into the shaping envelope or transported separately. The same applies to the initiator.

The sheath may be made of an opaque or transparent material so that it is possible to see through the structures created by the device.

The material 1 for forming structures according to the invention can be used for a wide variety of applications. So it is possible to form a shell in the form of a stretcher similar to an air mattress. These Can be used for the recovery of accident victims. The polymer or the polymer mixture could be solidified on site and thus create a stable stretcher, whereby the salvage in inaccessible places, such as in the mountains, in shafts or in caves, is possible.

Furthermore, it is also possible to use the polymer blend in a viscous, non-sheathed form to model it, for example for spinal injuries, around the recumbent patient and then lift it after solidification of the polymer.

Since the solidification can be triggered by external pressure, it is possible to produce the envelope in the form of garments that are filled with the polymer or the polymer mixture. These garments would then complete, or if the shell is divided into chambers, partially verfesti ^¬ gene and thereby provide protection against an impact of solid objects. This could be protective clothing, such as helmets, pants or jackets, for example, for motorcyclists, created, which solidifies only by the pressure of the impact.

In the area of transport, many applicatio ^¬ gen are possible in which fragile or Druckempfindli ^¬ che objects can be protected by embedding into the polymer composition to external influences.

These examples illustrate that the material 1 of the invention has many applications. Further applications in the fields of medicine in medical technology, construction, advertising, the defense industry, disaster control, vehicle construction, the food industry, for the construction and production of Rohrlei ^¬ lines, as a form development products for negative forms and / or the tool production are also conceivable and listed below by way of example.

Industry: Medical technology Figures Ia and Ib show fixation braces and

Fixation rail, which are formed by the material 1 according to the invention for the formation of structures. In this embodiment, filled with the polymer or the polymer blend sheath 2 on the leg or the arm 3 of the patient 8 is placed and then hardens the poly ^¬ mer / polymer mixture.

Compared to currently available plastics material of the invention offers several advantages, such as that it can be corrected at any time, it is reusable and that a disturbing Wärmeent ^¬ development is eliminated during curing of the plastics commonly used.

Industry: Medical technology

FIG. 2 shows the use of the material 1 according to the invention, in which the material 1 is shaped in the form of an orthosis for the trunk of a patient. The material 1 takes on the outer shape of the pelvis and thus creates a structure by which the pelvis of the patient is supported.

Industry: Medicine

FIG. 3 shows the use of the device 1 according to the invention as a limb prosthesis / butt bed.

The flexibility of the device 1 according to the invention offers advantages in the production and adaptation of stump bedding, especially in fresh ampoules with interim prostheses. Industry: Medicine

Another use of the device according to the invention is the use as covering, replacement or bridging tissue defects, as shown in Figure 4.

The cover of tissue defects in the accident, plastic and septic surgery is currently made with metals and so-called bone cement, etc. With the device 1 according to the invention, the implants can be influenced technically simply corrective.

Industry: Medical technology and armament technology In FIG. 5, the device 1 according to the invention is represented when used as intelligent and multifunctional textiles.

In the clothing, which serves as a shell, there is the polymer or the polymer mixture.

In addition, sensors and sensors are incorporated in the clothing. The clothing is stiffened by starter.

Now the patient can try the movement execution in the respective desired posture.

A measurement result is achieved in which the bending of the solidified material occurs.

The advantage over old disproportion measuring devices consists in the manufacturing costs and the simple and quick handling of the two measuring devices.

Another use is the use of the apparent textile material by dissolving the soft material into different Model products that then go into a rigid product after triggering the starter.

It would be conceivable, for. For example, keys or handgun-like products. Even the simple removal of injuries after triggering the starter is as a kind of rigid emergency support feasible (see also rescue blanket).

Industry: Civil Protection A further use of the device 1 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 6a to 6d. Here, the device 1 takes the form of a rescue blanket / rescue couch. The shape is also pre- ^¬ ben through the shell, which is then cured only the solidification of the polymers.

The rescue blanket is brought to the accident victim as a role. The usually rigid design of rescue stretcher or the use of elaborate and bulky rescue tubs in the mountain rescue, for the recovery of casualties can be simplified and improved by rolling out and modeling the device 1 according to the invention. Thus, the accident ^¬ te can be brought in the deposited, persisting and relatively painless attitude to the emergency base.

Other benefits include ease of use, low space requirements in emergency vehicles, quick and efficient help with complex bearings through the modeled edition and the elimination of painful movements for transport preparation. Industry: Vehicle construction

FIG. 7 shows the use of the device 1 according to the invention as a self-stabilizing seat shell in the vehicle seat 5 of a vehicle 6.

The starter of the polymer or the Polymermi ^¬ research can trigger together with the airbag or triggered by hand from the rescue team.

The self-or manually triggered seat shell, which has formed from the device 1 according to the invention in fractions of seconds and is located under the upper, such as fabrics or leather, the vehicle seat 5, can now be removed from the vehicle seat 5 of the emergency service at breaking point ,

Advantages: The smallest movements can be limited because the seat can be compared to a Notfallret ^¬ processing vacuum jacket at all times loosened and strengthened again in a new position.

Industries: Construction industry and advertising

In Figures 8, 9 and 10 further Verwendungsmög ^¬ possibilities of the device according to the invention are shown.

Thus, by the device 1 according to the invention the production of air socks tents and air bag halls, as shown in Figure 8, possible.

Airbag tents and airbag halls, which have a low weight and can be built up quickly, in contrast, however, have the disadvantages that they are susceptible to weather and have no own strong statics. By using the device 1 according to the invention, the positive properties can be used even after triggering the starter. The negative properties are eliminated because a tissue or rigid and predictable polymers the adopted form of

Air socks tents and warehouses, the advertising equipment and other products verifiably support.

The inventive device 1 thus complicated structures can be realized extremely quickly.

List of reference numbers:

1 material for shaping structures

2nd leg

3rd arm

4. Hip joint

5. driver's seat

6. Vehicle

Claims

claims

1. material for forming structures, consisting of a polymer or a polymer mixture and a

Initiator, wherein the polymer or the polymer mixture can be converted by the initiator of a liquid or viscous state into a solid state.

2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the change of the state of the polymer or of the polymer mixture is reversible.

3. Material according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the initiator is suitable,

To transfer energy in the form of heat, power and / or work to the polymer or the polymer mixture.

4. Material according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the polymer is a polyolefin, a

Polystyrene or a copolymer of polystyrene with acrylonitrile and / or butadiene, a polyurethane, a copolymer of ethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinyl butyral, an ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, a silicone, a polyether or a polyester or a mixture of these polymers ,

5. Material according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one or more fillers are included.

6. Material according to claim 5, characterized in that the filler is a filler selected from the group of electrical conductors, thermally conductive substances, hydrophilic substances, nanoscale inorganic or organic substances.

7. Material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the polymer or the polymer mixture is enveloped by a shell, wherein the shell dictates the shape of the structure.

8. A process for producing a structure with a material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one converts the polymer or the polymer mixture mixture by activation of the initiator from a liquid or viscous state into a solid state.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that one or more filler introduces into the polymer or polymer mixture.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that one selects the filler from the group of electrical conductors, thermally conductive substances, hydrophilic substances, nanoscale inorganic or organic substances.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that one fills the polymer or the polymer mixture in a shell, wherein the shell defines the shape of the structure to be formed.

12. Use of the material according to one of claims 1 to 7 for the production of devices with support function in medicine, medical technology, construction, advertising, the defense industry, civil protection, vehicle construction, space technology, the food industry or tool manufacture ,

13. Use of the material according to one of claims 1 to 7, for the production of carriers, blankets, implants, corsets, support bandages, protectors, seats, halls, shields, garments, transport locks, sports or vehicle parts.