EP2050946A1 - Cylinder with devices for containing lubricants - Google Patents
Cylinder with devices for containing lubricants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2050946A1 EP2050946A1 EP08164867A EP08164867A EP2050946A1 EP 2050946 A1 EP2050946 A1 EP 2050946A1 EP 08164867 A EP08164867 A EP 08164867A EP 08164867 A EP08164867 A EP 08164867A EP 2050946 A1 EP2050946 A1 EP 2050946A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slot
- shaped recesses
- cylinder
- lubricant
- sliding surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/18—Other cylinders
- F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/18—Other cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/18—Other cylinders
- F02F1/22—Other cylinders characterised by having ports in cylinder wall for scavenging or charging
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cylinder for a piston engine comprising means for receiving lubricant.
- the distribution of the lubricant proves to be critical due to the large surfaces to be wetted.
- the lubricant passes through a limited number arranged on the circumference of the cylinder feed openings in the cylinder interior. So that the liquid lubricant spreads evenly over the inner wall of the cylinder, circumferential grooves are provided, as for example in the FR1174532 to be shown.
- the grooves especially in the most heavily loaded part of the cylinder, which extends to about 15% from the top dead center of the top piston ring starting in the direction of bottom dead center of the piston, are exposed to heavy abrasion.
- the actual lubricant consumption is above the amount of lubricant necessary for the lubrication of the pair of pistons piston-cylinder.
- the consumption of lubricants also represents an environmental burden. A large part of the emitted exhaust particles originates from the lubricant.
- the task of the lubricant, especially for two-stroke engines, is not just an adequate one To ensure piston lubrication, but also to neutralize sulfuric acid, which passes through the use of sulfur-containing fuel in the combustion chamber.
- a cylinder for a piston engine comprising means for receiving lubricant, the cylinder comprising a sliding surface for a piston, which encloses an upper dead zone and a row of scavenging slots arranged on the cylinder.
- the upper deadband is defined as the plane in which the dead center of the uppermost piston ring is located.
- This sliding surface has a plurality of slot-shaped recesses.
- the slot-shaped recesses have a length, and a width and a depth, wherein the depth is greater than 0.4 mm.
- the slot-shaped recesses are provided below an annular portion of the cylinder surface, which amounts to a length of up to 15% of the sliding surface, measured from the upper dead zone.
- the slot-shaped recesses are provided according to an advantageous embodiment, in the region of the scavenging slots and below the same.
- the width of the slot-shaped recesses is between 0.5 and 3 mm, but should in any case be less than 80%, preferably 70%, more preferably 60% of the width of the narrowest piston ring. This ensures that the piston ring is not in the slot-shaped Can tilt recess and slides over the recess without contact.
- the length of the slot-shaped recesses is between 10 and 100 mm, preferably between 10 and 50 mm, particularly preferably between 10 and 30 mm.
- a plurality of slot-shaped recesses may be arranged in a row.
- the number of slot-shaped recesses in a row is preferably 10-150, depending on the length of the slot-shaped recess and the distance between two adjacent slot-shaped recesses.
- the length and the distance of the slot-shaped recesses is preferably selected so that the notch effect caused by a slot-shaped recess is below the permissible weakening of the cylinder. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the length of the distance is greater than the length of the slot-shaped recess.
- the row has a pitch which is preferably smaller than the pitch corresponding to the height of the piston ring. Therefore, the inclination angle of the slot-shaped recesses of a row is up to 1 °. This measure also serves to increase the smoothness of the piston ring. The contact between the edge of the slot-shaped recess and the piston ring thus always takes place only in one point. As a result of the angle of inclination, a flat support of the edge of the piston ring on one edge of a slot-shaped recess is consequently avoided, as a result of which no shear forces are introduced into the edge of the slot-shaped recess and thus scarcely any removal of material takes place at the edge. Thus, by adhering to a slope results in an increase in the life of the cylinder.
- the maximum inclination angle is 0.96 °.
- the number and / or the depth and / or the length and / or the width of the slot-shaped recesses may differ from one another.
- the slot-shaped recesses of adjacent rows are arranged offset to one another.
- the number of slot-shaped recesses is greater than or equal to 300 per m 2 sliding surface.
- the number of slot-shaped recesses per m 2 sliding surface is variable, since parts of the sliding surface must withstand different loads.
- a method for producing means for receiving lubricant in a cylinder according to the preceding embodiments comprises the step of producing the slot-shaped recesses by a mechanical machining method.
- the cylinder is used in a large diesel engine, preferably in a 2-stroke engine or a 4-stroke engine.
- Fig. 1 shows a section through a cylinder 1, which is arranged in a piston engine.
- the piston engine is a 2-stroke engine or a 4-stroke engine, in particular a large diesel engine.
- Such large diesel engines are currently equipped with cylinders whose inner diameter is usually greater than 190 mm. Typical diameters are between 250 and 1000 mm.
- a piston reciprocates, which is connected via a connecting rod with a rotatable drive shaft. The reciprocating motion of the piston is between an upper and lower dead center.
- Fig. 1 shows the piston in position at top dead center.
- the upper dead zone 8 forms with vertical arrangement of the cylinder, the upper boundary of the sliding surface 7. If one places a similar cutting plane through the bottom dead center of the lowermost piston ring, the lower deadband 15 is obtained in the same way.
- the length L (13) designates the distance between the upper dead zone 8 and the lower dead zone 15 and corresponds to the length of the sliding surface.
- the sliding surfaces may have a length of 1 m to about 4 m.
- the width of the sliding surface is formed by the circumference at the upper dead zone 8, and the circumference at the lower dead zone 15.
- the width of the sliding surface on the upper dead zone 8 is greater than the width of the sliding surface of the lower dead zone 15, since the cylinder interior is usually not cylindrical but slightly conical. This taper has its cause in the different temperatures that exist in the individual zones of the sliding surface. In the area of the lower dead zone, air is sucked in from the surroundings, so that operating temperatures prevail in this area which are not significantly different from the ambient temperature of the air in the engine compartment. In the area of the upper dead zone, however, temperatures greater than 300.degree. C. may prevail.
- a channel 17 extends along the cylinder inner wall, by means of which the delivery and distribution of the lubricant takes place.
- the lubricant wets the entire sliding surface below the channel when the cylinder is aligned vertically. If the piston 2 moves past the feed openings 16 in the expansion phase, the lubricant is transported by the piston rings 3 sliding on the cylinder inner wall and is no longer available for further lubrication. This results in an increased consumption of lubricant, which represents a not inconsiderable cost factor in such large surfaces to be wetted with lubricant.
- the cylinder 1 therefore comprises means 5 for receiving lubricant, which are arranged on the sliding surface 7 for the piston 2.
- the sliding surface extends between the upper dead zone 8 and the lower dead zone 15.
- the lower dead zone 15 is located vertically below a row of scavenging ports 6 arranged on the cylinder.
- a plurality of slit-shaped recesses 5 are arranged on the sliding surface 7.
- the slot-shaped recesses serve as lubricant pockets. If lubricant is supplied via feed openings 16, it flows along the cylinder inner wall and into the slot-shaped recesses in which a lubricant reservoir is formed. Slot-shaped recesses, which are located above an inlet opening, are filled with lubricant when a piston ring slides past the slot-shaped recess.
- the piston ring transports lubricant during its movement, which dodges into a slot-shaped recess and fills it when the piston ring passes by such a slot-shaped recess.
- the slot-shaped recesses have a length l (9), and a width b (10) and a depth t (11), which in Fig. 2 is shown in detail in a section of the developed cylinder surface.
- the depth 11 is over 0.4 mm, which ensures that the slot-shaped recess is maintained even after several years of service, even if it comes to the cylinder inner wall to abrasion.
- the great depth of the slot-shaped recesses has the further advantage that the lubricants pushed in by the piston ring pour out on the cylinder inner wall during the entire further stroke and wets them with a lubricant film.
- the arrangement of a plurality of slot-like recesses ensures that the entire sliding surface or at least the part of the same, which is equipped with such slit-shaped recesses, is wetted.
- the slot-shaped recesses 5 are provided in particular below an annular region 12 of the cylinder surface, which amounts to a length of up to 15% of the length L (13) of the sliding surface 7, measured from the upper dead zone 8.
- the main reason for the reduced consumption of lubricant is that lubricant is stored in the slot-shaped recesses.
- the lubricant thus does not flow off after one working cycle or is pushed out by the piston rings, but remains largely in the slot-shaped recesses.
- the lubricant is available as a result of further working cycles.
- the increase in the service life of the cylinder surface is due to the fact that in the highest stress zone no or at most a greatly reduced number of slot-shaped recesses is provided, so this highly loaded area of the cylinder inner wall not by a plurality of small notches, that is, slot-shaped recesses or through the From the prior art known circumferential grooves is weakened.
- the range is 1 to 25%, preferably 10 to 25%, particularly preferably 15% to 20%, in which slot-shaped recesses are to be provided.
- Fig. 1 is the zone of highest load, so the annular region 12 is shown free of slot-shaped recesses.
- Below the piston three rows of slot-shaped recesses are shown, on the more detailed representation of other rows to the lubricant supply 4 has been omitted for reasons of clarity.
- the entire sliding surface 7 is provided with slit-shaped recesses, with the exception of the highest stress zone.
- the slot-shaped recesses may also be provided in the region of the scavenging slots 6 and below the same.
- Fig. 2a shows a development of the cylinder with other possible arrangements of slot-shaped recesses and in Fig. 2b Such a slot-shaped recess 5 is shown enlarged.
- the slot-shaped recess is determined by a length l (9), a width b (10) and a depth t (11).
- the width of the slot-shaped recesses is advantageously between 0.5 and 3 mm.
- the width b must just be large enough that a sufficient amount of lubricant can be stored in the recess.
- the width b must be smaller than the width of a piston ring, so that the piston ring is not detected by edges of the slot-shaped recess and passes through the slot-shaped recess no gas from the compression chamber into the suction chamber.
- the length of the slot-shaped recesses is between 10 and 100 mm, preferably between 10 and 50 mm, particularly preferably between 10 and 30 mm.
- a plurality of slot-shaped recesses arranged in a row which may have a slope. The slope is from those related to the latitude The reasons mentioned the recess limited to a dimension which is smaller than the width of the piston ring.
- the angle of inclination 18 of the slot-shaped recesses is up to 1 °.
- the number of slot-shaped recesses in a row may differ from the number of slot-shaped recesses of an adjacent row. Also, the number and / or the depth t (11) and / or the length l (9) and / or the width b (10) of the slot-shaped recesses may differ from each other.
- the slot-shaped recesses of adjacent rows are at least partially offset from each other.
- the number of slot-shaped recesses per m 2 sliding surface can be increased so that a uniform distribution of lubricant is ensured as possible.
- the number of slot-shaped recesses is preferably greater than or equal to 300 per m 2 sliding surface.
- the number of slot-shaped recesses per m 2 sliding surface can be variably selected if in operation areas of the sliding surface can be detected with increased or reduced lubricant requirement. For example, a reduced number of slot-shaped recesses or a greater distance of adjacent rows of slot-shaped recesses may be provided, as in Fig. 2 is apparent.
- Fig. 3 shows a representation of the pair of sliding piston ring and inner cylinder wall for the previous embodiment.
- the annular region 12 which is up to 15% of the sliding surface and is located immediately below the upper dead zone 8, no slot-shaped recesses.
- the piston 2 is located in a position below the annular region 12. It may be particularly advantageous to increase the region 12 to up to 25% of the sliding surface.
- the region 12 is then 10 to 30%, preferably 15 to 30%, more preferably the range is greater than 25% up to and including 30%.
- the slot-shaped recesses are produced by a mechanical processing method. These include machining processes, such as milling, but not processes which operate under thermal influence, such as structuring by means of laser.
- a laser structuring method is mainly used for the production of grooves in the micrometer range and is not suitable for the production of the slot-shaped recesses according to the invention with depths in the millimeter range.
- Cylinders already in use can be retrofitted with slot-like recesses as part of routine maintenance or repairs.
- the lubricant requirement can be reduced by the targeted subsequent attachment of slot-like recesses.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Zylinder für einen Kolbenmotor umfassend Mittel zur Aufnahme von Schmiermittel.The invention relates to a cylinder for a piston engine comprising means for receiving lubricant.
Bei grossen Zweitakt- oder auch Viertakt-Motoren erweist sich aufgrund der grossen zu benetzenden Oberflächen die Verteilung des Schmiermittels als kritisch. Das Schmiermittel gelangt durch eine begrenzte Anzahl am Umfang des Zylinders angeordneten Einspeisöffnungen in den Zylinderinnenraum. Damit das flüssige Schmiermittel sich gleichmässig über die Innenwand des Zylinders verteilt, sind umlaufende Rillen vorgesehen, wie sie beispielsweise in der
Aus allen diesen Gründen liegt der tatsächliche Schmiermittelverbrauch über der für die Schmierung des Gleitpaars Kolben-Zylinder notwendigen Schmiermittelmenge. Neben den insbesondere für Grossdieselmotoren beträchtlichen Kosten stellt der Schmiermittelverbrauch auch eine Umweltbelastung dar. Ein grosser Teil der emittierten Abgaspartikel stammt aus dem Schmiermittel.For all these reasons, the actual lubricant consumption is above the amount of lubricant necessary for the lubrication of the pair of pistons piston-cylinder. In addition to the considerable costs, especially for large diesel engines, the consumption of lubricants also represents an environmental burden. A large part of the emitted exhaust particles originates from the lubricant.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine gleichmässige Verteilung des Schmiermittels über die gesamte Länge des Zylinders zumindest vom oberen Totpunkt des obersten Kolbenrings bis zum unteren Totpunkt zu erreichen, wobei gleichzeitig der Schmiermittelverbrauch gesenkt wird. An der Zahl und der Lage der Einspeisöffnungen braucht hierbei keine Änderung vorgenommen zu werden. Die Aufgabe des Schmiermittels besteht, insbesondere für Zweitakt-Motoren, darin, nicht nur eine adäquate Kolbenschmierung zu gewährleisten, sondern auch Schwefelsäure zu neutralisieren, die durch die Verwendung von schwefelhaltigem Brennstoff in den Brennraum gelangt.It is therefore an object of the invention to achieve a uniform distribution of the lubricant over the entire length of the cylinder at least from the top dead center of the uppermost piston ring to the bottom dead center, at the same time the lubricant consumption is lowered. In the number and the location of the feed openings this needs no change to be made. The task of the lubricant, especially for two-stroke engines, is not just an adequate one To ensure piston lubrication, but also to neutralize sulfuric acid, which passes through the use of sulfur-containing fuel in the combustion chamber.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch einen Zylinder für einen Kolbenmotor umfassend Mittel zur Aufnahme von Schmiermittel, wobei der Zylinder eine Gleitfläche für einen Kolben umfasst, welche eine obere Totzone und eine auf dem Zylinder angeordnete Reihe von Spülschlitzen einschliesst. Die obere Totzone wird als die Ebene definiert, in welcher der Totpunkt des obersten Kolbenrings liegt. Diese Gleitfläche weist eine Mehrzahl von schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen auf. Die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen weisen eine Länge auf, sowie eine Breite und eine Tiefe, wobei die Tiefe über 0.4 mm beträgt. Die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen sind unterhalb von einem ringförmigen Bereich der Zylinderoberfläche vorgesehen, der eine Länge von bis zu 15% der Gleitfläche, von der oberen Totzone aus gemessen, ausmacht. Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass dann im höchstbelasteten Bereich des Zylinders keine schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen vorgesehen werden müssen, sondern dass eine Anordnung einer Mehrzahl von schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen ausserhalb der Zone höchster Belastung, die vorhin erwähnten 15% der Gleitfläche unterhalb der oberen Totzone, vorteilhaft ist. Die Kolbenringe erfassen das Schmiermittel und transportieren es auf ihrem Weg in die Zone höchster Belastung. Zur gleichmässigen Verteilung des Schmiermittels kann es sogar vorteilhaft sein, diese Zone höchster Belastung frei von schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen zu halten.The object is achieved by a cylinder for a piston engine comprising means for receiving lubricant, the cylinder comprising a sliding surface for a piston, which encloses an upper dead zone and a row of scavenging slots arranged on the cylinder. The upper deadband is defined as the plane in which the dead center of the uppermost piston ring is located. This sliding surface has a plurality of slot-shaped recesses. The slot-shaped recesses have a length, and a width and a depth, wherein the depth is greater than 0.4 mm. The slot-shaped recesses are provided below an annular portion of the cylinder surface, which amounts to a length of up to 15% of the sliding surface, measured from the upper dead zone. Surprisingly, it has been found that then no slit-shaped recesses must be provided in the highly loaded region of the cylinder, but that an arrangement of a plurality of slot-shaped recesses outside the zone of highest load, the aforementioned 15% of the sliding surface below the upper dead zone, is advantageous. The piston rings capture the lubricant and transport it on its way to the highest stress zone. For uniform distribution of the lubricant, it may even be advantageous to keep this zone of maximum load free of slot-shaped recesses.
Die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen sind nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform auch im Bereich der Spülschlitze sowie unterhalb derselben vorgesehen.The slot-shaped recesses are provided according to an advantageous embodiment, in the region of the scavenging slots and below the same.
Die Breite der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen liegt zwischen 0.5 und 3 mm, sollte aber in jedem Fall kleiner als 80%, vorzugsweise 70%, besonders bevorzugt 60% der Breite des schmalsten Kolbenrings betragen. Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, dass sich der Kolbenring nicht in der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung verkanten kann und über die Ausnehmung berührungsfrei hinweggleitet.The width of the slot-shaped recesses is between 0.5 and 3 mm, but should in any case be less than 80%, preferably 70%, more preferably 60% of the width of the narrowest piston ring. This ensures that the piston ring is not in the slot-shaped Can tilt recess and slides over the recess without contact.
Die Länge der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen beträgt zwischen 10 und 100 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 50 mm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 30 mm.The length of the slot-shaped recesses is between 10 and 100 mm, preferably between 10 and 50 mm, particularly preferably between 10 and 30 mm.
Eine Mehrzahl von schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen kann in einer Reihe angeordnet sein. Die Anzahl der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen in einer Reihe beträgt vorzugsweise 10 - 150, abhängig von der Länge der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung und dem Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen. Die Länge und der Abstand der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen wird vorzugsweise so gewählt, dass die durch eine schlitzförmige Ausnehmung verursachte Kerbwirkung unter der zulässigen Schwächung des Zylinders liegt. Nach einem besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Länge des Abstands grösser als die Länge der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung.A plurality of slot-shaped recesses may be arranged in a row. The number of slot-shaped recesses in a row is preferably 10-150, depending on the length of the slot-shaped recess and the distance between two adjacent slot-shaped recesses. The length and the distance of the slot-shaped recesses is preferably selected so that the notch effect caused by a slot-shaped recess is below the permissible weakening of the cylinder. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the length of the distance is greater than the length of the slot-shaped recess.
Die Reihe weist eine Steigung auf, die vorzugsweise kleiner als die Steigung ist, die der Höhe des Kolbenrings entspricht. Daher beträgt der Neigungswinkel der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen einer Reihe bis zu 1°. Diese Massnahme dient ebenfalls einer erhöhten Laufruhe des Kolbenrings. Die Berührung zwischen der Kante der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung und dem Kolbenring erfolgt somit immer nur in einem Punkt. Durch den Neigungswinkel wird folglich eine flächige Auflage der Kante des Kolbenrings auf einer Kante einer schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung vermieden, wodurch keine Scherkräfte in die Kante der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung eingeleitet werden und somit kaum Materialabtrag an der Kante erfolgt. Somit ergibt sich durch die Einhaltung einer Steigung eine Erhöhung der Lebensdauer des Zylinders.The row has a pitch which is preferably smaller than the pitch corresponding to the height of the piston ring. Therefore, the inclination angle of the slot-shaped recesses of a row is up to 1 °. This measure also serves to increase the smoothness of the piston ring. The contact between the edge of the slot-shaped recess and the piston ring thus always takes place only in one point. As a result of the angle of inclination, a flat support of the edge of the piston ring on one edge of a slot-shaped recess is consequently avoided, as a result of which no shear forces are introduced into the edge of the slot-shaped recess and thus scarcely any removal of material takes place at the edge. Thus, by adhering to a slope results in an increase in the life of the cylinder.
Beträgt der Zylinderdurchmesser beispielsweise 190 mm und der Kolbenring hat eine Breite von zwischen 5 und 10 mm, ergibt sich ein maximaler Neigungswinkel von 0.96°.For example, if the cylinder diameter is 190 mm and the piston ring has a width of between 5 and 10 mm, the maximum inclination angle is 0.96 °.
Bei einem Zylinderdurchmesser von 400 mm und einem Kolbenring von zwischen 10 und 15 mm Breite, ergibt sich ein maximaler Neigungswinkel von 0.68°.With a cylinder diameter of 400 mm and a piston ring of between 10 and 15 mm width, this results in a maximum inclination angle of 0.68 °.
Die Anzahl und/oder die Tiefe und/oder die Länge und/oder die Breite der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen können sich voneinander unterscheiden. Vorteilhafterweise sind die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen benachbarter Reihen zueinander versetzt angeordnet. Durch die Versetzung wird eine optimale Benetzung der Zylinderinnenwand mit Schmiermittel bei geringstmöglicher Schwächung des Zylindermantels erreicht.The number and / or the depth and / or the length and / or the width of the slot-shaped recesses may differ from one another. Advantageously, the slot-shaped recesses of adjacent rows are arranged offset to one another. By the offset optimal wetting of the cylinder inner wall with lubricant is achieved with the lowest possible weakening of the cylinder jacket.
Die Anzahl der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen ist grösser oder gleich 300 pro m2 Gleitfläche. Die Anzahl der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen pro m2 Gleitfläche ist variabel, da Teile der Gleitfläche unterschiedlichen Belastungen standhalten müssen.The number of slot-shaped recesses is greater than or equal to 300 per m 2 sliding surface. The number of slot-shaped recesses per m 2 sliding surface is variable, since parts of the sliding surface must withstand different loads.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mitteln zur Aufnahme von Schmiermittel in einem Zylinder gemäss der vorhergehenden Ausführungsformen umfasst den Schritt der Herstellung der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen durch ein mechanisches Bearbeitungsverfahren.A method for producing means for receiving lubricant in a cylinder according to the preceding embodiments comprises the step of producing the slot-shaped recesses by a mechanical machining method.
Der Zylinder findet Verwendung in einem Grossdieselmotor, vorzugsweise in einem 2-Takt Motor oder einem 4-Takt Motor.The cylinder is used in a large diesel engine, preferably in a 2-stroke engine or a 4-stroke engine.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen genauer erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- einen Schnitt durch einen Zylinder
- Fig. 2a
- eine Abwicklung des Zylinders
- Fig. 2b
- eine schlitzförmige Ausnehmung im Detail
- Fig. 3
- eine Darstellung des Gleitpaars Kolbenring und Zylinderinnenwand
- Fig. 1
- a section through a cylinder
- Fig. 2a
- a development of the cylinder
- Fig. 2b
- a slot-shaped recess in detail
- Fig. 3
- a representation of the sliding pair piston ring and cylinder inner wall
Der Zylinder 1 umfasst daher Mittel 5 zur Aufnahme von Schmiermittel, welche auf der Gleitfläche 7 für den Kolben 2 angeordnet sind. Die Gleitfläche erstreckt sich zwischen der oberen Totzone 8 und der unteren Totzone 15. Die untere Totzone 15 liegt bei vertikaler Anordnung unterhalb einer auf dem Zylinder angeordneten Reihe von Spülschlitzen 6. Auf der Gleitfläche 7 sind eine Mehrzahl von schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen 5 angeordnet. Die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen dienen als Schmiermitteltaschen. Wird Schmiermittel über Einspeisöffnungen 16 zugeführt, fliesst es längs der Zylinderinnenwand ab und in die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen, in welchen sich ein Schmiermittelvorrat ausbildet. Schlitzförmige Ausnehmungen, die sich oberhalb einer Einspeisöffnung befinden, werden mit Schmiermittel befüllt, wenn ein Kolbenring an der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung vorbeigleitet. Der Kolbenring transportiert Schmiermittel während seiner Bewegung mit, welches in eine schlitzförmige Ausnehmung ausweicht und diese auffüllt, wenn der Kolbenring an einer solchen schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung vorbeikommt. Die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen weisen eine Länge l (9) auf, sowie eine Breite b (10) und eine Tiefe t (11) auf, was in
In dem vorhin ausgenommenen Bereich von bis zu 15% der Gleitfläche, gemessen von der oberen Totzone aus, der Zone höchster Belastung, ist der Nutzen von schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen begrenzt, da hier der Abrieb derart hoch ist, dass auch schlitzförmige Ausnehmungen mit einer Tiefe von grösser als 0.4 mm verschwinden, bevor das Ende der Lebensdauer des Zylinders erreicht ist. Nicht zuletzt aus dem vorgenannten Grund kann es vorteilhaft sein, gerade in dieser Zone höchster Belastung auf schlitzförmige Ausnehmungen zu verzichten, um die Zylinderinnenwand nicht zu schwächen. Überraschenderweise hat sich nämlich herausgestellt, dass es vorteilhafter ist, in einem Bereich ausserhalb dieses genannten Bereichs Ausnehmungen vorzusehen, sodass das dort bereitgestellte Schmiermittel durch den oder die Kolbenringe in die Zone höchster Belastung transportiert wird. Insbesondere beträgt der Bereich 1 bis 25%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 25%, besonders bevorzugt 15% bis 20%, in welchem schlitzförmige Ausnehmungen vorzusehen sind. In
In allen
Die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen werden durch ein mechanisches Bearbeitungsverfahren hergestellt. Hierzu zählen spanabhebende Verfahren, wie beispielsweise Fräsen, nicht aber Verfahren, welche unter thermischem Einfluss arbeiten, wie beispielsweise eine Strukturierung mittels Laser. Ein Laserstrukturierungsverfahren wird vor allem zur Herstellung von Rillen im Mikrometerbereich verwendet und ist für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen mit Tiefen im Millimeterbereich nicht geeignet.The slot-shaped recesses are produced by a mechanical processing method. These include machining processes, such as milling, but not processes which operate under thermal influence, such as structuring by means of laser. A laser structuring method is mainly used for the production of grooves in the micrometer range and is not suitable for the production of the slot-shaped recesses according to the invention with depths in the millimeter range.
Bereits im Einsatz befindliche Zylinder können nachträglich im Rahmen von routinemässigen Wartungsarbeiten oder Reparaturen mit schlitzartigen Ausnehmungen versehen werden. Insbesondere bei Zylindern, die in einem Grossdieselmotor Verwendung finden, kann der Schmiermittelbedarf durch die gezielte nachträgliche Anbringung von schlitzartigen Ausnehmungen verringert werden.Cylinders already in use can be retrofitted with slot-like recesses as part of routine maintenance or repairs. In particular, in cylinders that are used in a large diesel engine, the lubricant requirement can be reduced by the targeted subsequent attachment of slot-like recesses.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
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EP08164867A EP2050946A1 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2008-09-23 | Cylinder with devices for containing lubricants |
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EP07118603 | 2007-10-16 | ||
EP08164867A EP2050946A1 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2008-09-23 | Cylinder with devices for containing lubricants |
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EP2050946A1 true EP2050946A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP08164867A Withdrawn EP2050946A1 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2008-09-23 | Cylinder with devices for containing lubricants |
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EP (1) | EP2050946A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009097514A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20090038829A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101413457A (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0804363A2 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2469202C2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2682572A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-08 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Lubricant system |
EP2678546A4 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2016-07-06 | Univ George Washington | Friction reduction for engine components |
WO2018175255A1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | Achates Power, Inc. | Cylinder bore surface structures for an opposed-piston engine |
GB2560902A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-03 | Ford Global Tech Llc | A cylinder for receiving a reciprocating piston |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9341267B2 (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2016-05-17 | Doosan Infracore Co., Ltd. | Cylinder formed with uneven pattern on surface of inner wall |
CN105221283B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-12-05 | 江苏大学 | A kind of engine cylinder hole and its processing method |
CN105221284B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏大学 | Internal combustion engine cylinder jacket |
CN111520249A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Cylinder sleeve surface texture structure with rhombic distribution |
CN111520248A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Bionic distributed cylinder sleeve surface texture structure |
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- 2008-10-15 RU RU2008140984/06A patent/RU2469202C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-10-15 BR BRPI0804363-9A patent/BRPI0804363A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-10-15 CN CNA2008101697703A patent/CN101413457A/en active Pending
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- 2008-10-15 JP JP2008266289A patent/JP2009097514A/en active Pending
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FR1174532A (en) | 1956-05-05 | 1959-03-12 | Sulzer Ag | Piston machine |
DE3936813C1 (en) * | 1989-11-04 | 1990-06-07 | Man B & W Diesel Ag, 8900 Augsburg, De | IC engine air buffer system - consists of blind bores in area of cylinder swept by piston rings |
WO1998053192A1 (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-26 | Man B & W Diesel A/S | s CYLINDER LINER FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF THE DIESEL TYPE |
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Cited By (8)
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EP2678546A4 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2016-07-06 | Univ George Washington | Friction reduction for engine components |
US10245806B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2019-04-02 | The George Washington University | Friction reduction for engine components |
US11020933B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2021-06-01 | The George Washington University | Friction reduction for engine components |
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WO2018175255A1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | Achates Power, Inc. | Cylinder bore surface structures for an opposed-piston engine |
US11598211B2 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2023-03-07 | Achates Power, Inc. | Cylinder bore surface structures for an opposed-piston engine |
GB2560902A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-03 | Ford Global Tech Llc | A cylinder for receiving a reciprocating piston |
GB2560902B (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2019-07-03 | Ford Global Tech Llc | A cylinder for receiving a reciprocating piston |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2469202C2 (en) | 2012-12-10 |
CN101413457A (en) | 2009-04-22 |
BRPI0804363A2 (en) | 2009-06-16 |
KR20090038829A (en) | 2009-04-21 |
JP2009097514A (en) | 2009-05-07 |
RU2008140984A (en) | 2010-04-20 |
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