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EP2047922A1 - Sheet metal element, in particular as half-finished product, for the construction of rail vehicles and method of manufacturing an area element from same - Google Patents

Sheet metal element, in particular as half-finished product, for the construction of rail vehicles and method of manufacturing an area element from same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2047922A1
EP2047922A1 EP08165199A EP08165199A EP2047922A1 EP 2047922 A1 EP2047922 A1 EP 2047922A1 EP 08165199 A EP08165199 A EP 08165199A EP 08165199 A EP08165199 A EP 08165199A EP 2047922 A1 EP2047922 A1 EP 2047922A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal element
sheet metal
bek
sheet
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08165199A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Huepperling
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2047922A1 publication Critical patent/EP2047922A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/065—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes starting from a specific blank, e.g. tailored blank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2205/00—Particular shaped rolled products
    • B21B2205/02—Tailored blanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sheet metal element, in particular as a semi-finished product, as can be used for example for the production of rail vehicles, as well as to a method for constructing a surface element thereof.
  • Such a sheet metal element is used for example in the DE 10 2004 019 448 A1 described. It is made exclusively by rolling and shows along the rolling direction a variable sheet thickness for its first part, while a second part of the sheet metal element consists of rolled sheet with a constant sheet thickness.
  • Such a sheet metal element offers the advantage that differentiated strengths can be realized within the sheet metal element.
  • this sheet metal element does not allow due to the limited manufacturing widths, but to realize a large format that allows, for example, the structure of the outer panel of a rail vehicle side wall of a few sheet metal elements.
  • the technical background of the invention also includes sheet metal elements which are individually cut from flat products and welded to a surface element, such as a side wall of a rail vehicle.
  • a surface element such as a side wall of a rail vehicle.
  • Such surface elements are made of commercially available flat products, such as strip material or sheet material, the same material thickness and material quality.
  • the laser cutting method is preferably used as a separation method for more accurate production with higher edge quality and process speed.
  • individual areas of the surface element can be locally reinforced or designed to be weaker targeted in terms of lightweight in the areas of lower loads.
  • individual sheets are cut with the same and / or different material thickness or quality, from the flat products and welded together to form the surface element.
  • local reinforcing sheets can be used, also known as patchwork technology.
  • the window blank is widened at least by a cutout that matches the contour of the respective reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate is inserted there appropriately by means of a suitable welding method.
  • the reinforcing plates are placed only on the surrounding surface element and firmly connected to this by means of a suitable welding process.
  • reinforcing plates can be used for reinforcing edge regions of the surface element, which represent, for example, the force introduction region of the side wall to the adjacent subframe of the rail vehicle, whereby the dimensions of the reinforcing region are taken into account accordingly in the production of the blanks of the adjacent metal plate.
  • the reinforcing plates themselves are also tailored to the contour of the adjacent sheet metal field and then welded.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a sheet metal element, in particular as a semi-finished product, which is due to a low workload for the formation of surface elements, such as side walls, etc.
  • a method for producing a surface element is to be specified.
  • a sheet metal element in particular as a semi-finished product, which has an elongated shape and in its transverse direction has at least two sheet metal element segments with different material thickness and / or quality.
  • Such a sheet metal element can readily be made, depending on the manufacturing process, one or more sheet metal coils. An automated production also of sub-elements thereof is possible.
  • the at least two sheet-metal element segments have a different material thickness and are produced by variable rolling.
  • a single sheet metal coil is divided by variable rolling transversely to the rolling direction in two mutually parallel sheet metal element segments.
  • the at least two sheet metal element segments each consist of cut strips of material, the mutually facing edges are joined together.
  • Such tailored strips of material are also referred to in the art as “tailored strips”.
  • Their associated manufacturing process goes from the EP 0 299 358 A1 out.
  • tailored blanks can be produced, namely as prefabricated strip material, wherein at least two sheets are welded together as strip material with different material thickness and / or material quality in a continuous process by means of a laser beam, wherein the weld seams run parallel to one another , This creates a new band, which in turn can be wound into a coil.
  • the new strip material can then be cut to "tailored blanks" by means of separation processes.
  • the surface elements produced by means of flexible rolls can also be referred to as "tailored blanks".
  • the flexible rolling processes required for this purpose are for example in the DE 100 41 280 C2 , of the DE 101 56 087 B4 and EP 0 788 849 A1 described.
  • the joining can preferably be carried out with the aid of a welding operation, in particular a laser welding process.
  • the sheet metal element has three sheet metal element segments. By further cutting such a sheet metal element results, as will be explained in more detail later, a wide range of applications of cut from the sheet metal element sub-elements.
  • the outer two sheet metal element segments are preferably of the same material thickness and quality, wherein the middle sheet metal element segment deviates in terms of its material thickness and / or quality from the two outer sheet metal element segments.
  • a sheet metal element has the advantage that by cutting the sheet metal element in its longitudinal direction two sub-elements arise, each having a sheet metal element segment, which is characterized by a higher mechanical strength.
  • Such a sheet metal element is particularly suitable for stiffening openings in, for example, a side wall of a rail vehicle.
  • middle sheet metal element segment is mechanically higher loadable than the two outer sheet metal element segments, there is the advantage that with the same transverse dimensions the individual sheet metal element segments a cutting of the sheet metal element in its longitudinal direction produces two sub-elements, which are versatile in rail vehicle construction can be used.
  • a sheet metal element BE1 which is passed in a rolling direction A between the rollers W1, W2.
  • the rollers W2 have different distances to the opposite, large roller W1, resulting in a profiling of the sheet element BE1.
  • the sheet metal element BE1 with different material thicknesses is present transversely to the rolling direction.
  • the sheet metal element BE1 at its longitudinal edges of higher material thickness than in its central region.
  • FIG. 2 now shows a cross-sectional view of a principle after the in FIG. 1 illustrated rolling process produced sheet metal element BE2, in which a central sheet segment has a greater material thickness than outer sheet segments BR1, BR2.
  • the sheet metal element BE2 is in perspective also in FIG. 3 to see. It has an elongated, flat shape in which a length-to-width ratio is greater than 2: 1, preferably greater than 3: 1.
  • the right part of the perspective view of FIG. 3 shows sub-elements U1, ..., U3, all of which can be produced from the sheet metal element BE2 by laser cutting.
  • the sub-elements U2, U3 result by a central longitudinal section of the sheet metal element BE2, which is symmetrical with respect to its central axis.
  • the resulting sub-elements U2, U3 each have two segments, one of which has a smaller and the other has a greater material thickness.
  • the subelements U1, of which in FIG. 3 four pieces are shown, all can be produced by cutting the sheet metal element BE2 in its transverse direction.
  • FIG. 4 now results in a perspective view of a surface element, which consists of the sub-elements U1, U2, U3 of FIG. 3 is manufactured and can serve for example to build the side wall of a rail vehicle.
  • the four sub-elements U1 are arranged side by side in such a way that the segments of greater material thickness are parallel to one another.
  • the two sub-elements U2, U3 each form the upper and the lower edge of the surface element FE1.
  • FIG. 5 now shows the surface element FE1 of FIG. 4 with additional openings 01, 02, which can serve for example for receiving windows. It turns out that the segments of the sub-elements U1 with larger material thickness window frame portions of the openings 01, 02 form.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sheet metal element BE3, which is also made with the aid of strip profile rolls, but only two sheet segments BR3, BR4 has.
  • the material thickness of the sheet segment BR4 is greater than that of the sheet segment BR3.
  • FIG. 7 shows the sheet metal element BE3 and subelements U4 produced therefrom.
  • the subelements U4 are produced by cutting the sheet metal element BE3 in its transverse direction.
  • the sheet metal element BE3 may already be dimensioned such that the side wall of a rail vehicle or other surface elements can be produced in combination with similar sheet metal elements.
  • FIG. 8 now shows a surface element FE2, made of the sub-elements U4, wherein the respective sheet metal segments BR4 of the parallel arranged sub-elements U4 are directed to the outside.
  • the width of the sheet metal element BR4 is dimensioned smaller with a larger material thickness than that of the sheet metal segment BR3.
  • FIG. 9 shows the surface element FE3 with additional openings 03, 04 for receiving windows. Again, there are window frame sections due to the sheet segments BR4, which extend along the upper and lower edges of the openings 03, 04.
  • FIGS. 10 to 17 correspond essentially to those of FIGS. 2 to 9 , so that the same reference numerals are used for functionally identical elements. It should be noted, however, that the representations of the FIGS. 2 to 9 refer to rolled sheet metal elements, while the representations of FIGS. 10 to 14 Sheet metal elements of so-called.
  • Tailored strip strip material have the object, ie the starting material already has various sheet metal segments BZ, BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, which can be produced for example by laser welding in the longitudinal direction of sheet metal elements BE4, BE5.
  • the representations of the FIGS. 10 to 17 completely with those of FIGS. 2 to 9 so that reference can be made to their description.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment in which the sheet metal element BE3 after FIG. 10 combined with a sheet metal element BEK constant material thickness.
  • the lengths of these two sheet metal elements BE4 and BEK are consistent and are connected to each other with a longitudinal weld.
  • FIG. 20 shows a combination of a centrally arranged sheet metal element BEK constant material thickness with outer sub-elements U2, U3 ( Fig. 11 ), whose respective sheet metal segments with increased material thickness form the edge of the resulting surface element FE3.
  • the surface elements according to the FIGS. 18 and 19 with FE4, FE5. These all surface elements can also form a starting point for the construction of side walls of a rail vehicle.
  • FIGS. 21 to 23 show similar embodiments using the subelement U4 ( Fig. 15 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

Semi-finished sheet metal strips (BE2) have at least two side sections (BR1, BR2) of different thickness and/or quality. An independent claim is included for a method for building panels, e.g. rail vehicle walls using several of the strips.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Blechelement, insbesondere als Halbzeug, wie es beispielsweise zur Herstellung von Schienenfahrzeugen verwendet werden kann, sowie auf ein Verfahren zum Aufbau eines Flächenelementes daraus.The invention relates to a sheet metal element, in particular as a semi-finished product, as can be used for example for the production of rail vehicles, as well as to a method for constructing a surface element thereof.

Ein solches Blechelement wird beispielsweise in der DE 10 2004 019 448 A1 beschrieben. Es wird ausschließlich durch Walzen hergestellt und zeigt längs der Walzrichtung eine variable Blechdicke für sein erstes Teil, während ein zweiter Teil des Blechelementes aus gewalztem Blech mit konstanter Blechdicke besteht.Such a sheet metal element is used for example in the DE 10 2004 019 448 A1 described. It is made exclusively by rolling and shows along the rolling direction a variable sheet thickness for its first part, while a second part of the sheet metal element consists of rolled sheet with a constant sheet thickness.

Ein solches Blechelement bietet den Vorteil, dass differenzierte Festigkeiten innerhalb des Blechelementes zu realisieren sind. Dieses Blechelement gestattet es aufgrund der begrenzten Herstellbreiten jedoch nicht, dafür eine großformatige Form zu realisieren, die beispielsweise den Aufbau der Außenbeblechung einer Schienenfahrzeug-Seitenwand aus wenigen Blechelementen gestattet.Such a sheet metal element offers the advantage that differentiated strengths can be realized within the sheet metal element. However, this sheet metal element does not allow due to the limited manufacturing widths, but to realize a large format that allows, for example, the structure of the outer panel of a rail vehicle side wall of a few sheet metal elements.

Zum technischen Hintergrund der Erfindung zählen außerdem Blechelemente, die aus Flacherzeugnissen einzeln zugeschnitten und zu einem Flächenelement, wie einer Seitenwand eines Schienenfahrzeugs, verschweißt werden. Solche Flächenelemente werden aus handelsüblichen Flacherzeugnissen, wie Bandmaterial oder Tafelmaterial, gleicher Materialstärke und Materialgüte hergestellt.The technical background of the invention also includes sheet metal elements which are individually cut from flat products and welded to a surface element, such as a side wall of a rail vehicle. Such surface elements are made of commercially available flat products, such as strip material or sheet material, the same material thickness and material quality.

Dabei kommt vorzugsweise als Trennverfahren zur genaueren Fertigung mit höherer Kantenqualität und Prozessgeschwindigkeit das Laserschneidverfahren zum Einsatz.In this case, the laser cutting method is preferably used as a separation method for more accurate production with higher edge quality and process speed.

Um den unterschiedlichen mechanischen Belastungen innerhalb des Flächenelements Rechnung zu tragen, können einzelne Bereiche des Flächenelementes lokal verstärkt werden bzw. im Sinne des Leichtbaugrads in den Bereichen niedrigerer Belastungen gezielt schwächer ausgeführt werden. Dabei werden einzelne Bleche mit gleicher und/oder verschiedener Materialstärke bzw. Güte, aus den Flacherzeugnissen zugeschnitten und zu dem Flächenelement zusammengeschweißt werden.In order to take account of the different mechanical loads within the surface element, individual areas of the surface element can be locally reinforced or designed to be weaker targeted in terms of lightweight in the areas of lower loads. In this case, individual sheets are cut with the same and / or different material thickness or quality, from the flat products and welded together to form the surface element.

Nach dem Stand der Technik können zur Verstärkung von Ausschnitten innerhalb des Flächenelementes, beispielsweise in den Eckbereichen von Fensterausschnitten zur Aufnahme von Fenstern innerhalb der Außenblechung einer Schienenfahrzeug-Seitenwand, lokale Verstärkungsbleche eingesetzt bzw. aufgesetzt, auch bekannt als Patchwork - Technik, werden. Beim Einsetzen von einem oder mehreren Verstärkungsblechen wird der Fensterzuschnitt wenigstens um einen zur Kontur des jeweiligen Verstärkungsbleches passenden Ausschnitt erweitert und das Verstärkungsblech dort passend mittels geeignetem Schweißverfahren eingesetzt. Beim Aufsetzen entfällt diese Notwendigkeit, da die Verstärkungsbleche lediglich auf das umliegende Flächenelement aufgelegt und mit dieser mittels geeignetem Schweißverfahren fest verbunden werden.According to the state of the art, to reinforce cutouts within the surface element, for example in the corner regions of window cutouts for receiving windows within the outer metal sheet of a rail vehicle side wall, local reinforcing sheets can be used, also known as patchwork technology. When inserting one or more reinforcing plates, the window blank is widened at least by a cutout that matches the contour of the respective reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate is inserted there appropriately by means of a suitable welding method. When placing this need not be required, since the reinforcing plates are placed only on the surrounding surface element and firmly connected to this by means of a suitable welding process.

Nach dem Stand der Technik können des weiteren zur Verstärkung von Randbereichen des Flächenelementes, die beispielsweise den Krafteinleitungsbereich der Seitenwand zum angrenzenden Untergestell des Schienenfahrzeugs darstellen, Verstärkungsbleche angesetzt werden, wobei die Abmessungen des Verstärkungsbereiches bei der Herstellung der Blechzuschnitte des angrenzenden Blechfeldes entsprechend berücksichtigt werden. Die Verstärkungsbleche selbst werden ebenfalls passend zur Kontur des angrenzenden Blechfeldes zugeschnitten und anschließend verschweißt.In addition, according to the state of the art, reinforcing plates can be used for reinforcing edge regions of the surface element, which represent, for example, the force introduction region of the side wall to the adjacent subframe of the rail vehicle, whereby the dimensions of the reinforcing region are taken into account accordingly in the production of the blanks of the adjacent metal plate. The reinforcing plates themselves are also tailored to the contour of the adjacent sheet metal field and then welded.

Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Blechelement, insbesondere als Halbzeug, bereitzustellen, das sich durch eine geringen Arbeitsaufwand zur Ausbildung von Flächenelementen, wie Seitenwänden usw. eignet. Außerdem soll ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Flächenelementes angegeben werden.Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to provide a sheet metal element, in particular as a semi-finished product, which is due to a low workload for the formation of surface elements, such as side walls, etc. In addition, a method for producing a surface element is to be specified.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Blechelement, insbesondere als Halbzeug, das eine längliche Form aufweist und in seiner Querrichtung wenigstens zwei Blechelementsegmente mit verschiedenen Materialdicke und/oder -Güte aufweist.This object is achieved by a sheet metal element, in particular as a semi-finished product, which has an elongated shape and in its transverse direction has at least two sheet metal element segments with different material thickness and / or quality.

Ein solches Blechelement kann ohne weiteres aus, abhängig vom Herstellungsverfahren, einem oder mehreren Blech-Coils hergestellt werden. Auch eine automatisierte Herstellung ebenfalls von Unterelementen davon ist möglich.Such a sheet metal element can readily be made, depending on the manufacturing process, one or more sheet metal coils. An automated production also of sub-elements thereof is possible.

Bei einer ersten Ausführungsvariante weisen die mindestens zwei Blechelementsegmente eine unterschiedliche Materialdicke auf und sind durch variables Walzen hergestellt. Hier wird somit ein einziges Blech-Coil durch variables Walzen quer zur Walzrichtung in zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete Blechelementsegmente aufgeteilt.In a first embodiment variant, the at least two sheet-metal element segments have a different material thickness and are produced by variable rolling. Here, therefore, a single sheet metal coil is divided by variable rolling transversely to the rolling direction in two mutually parallel sheet metal element segments.

Alternativ können die mindestens zwei Blechelementsegmente jeweils aus zugeschnittenen Materialstreifen bestehen, deren einander zugewandte Ränder miteinander gefügt sind. Solche zugeschnittenen Materialstreifen werden in der Fachwelt auch als "Tailored Strips" bezeichnet. Ihr zugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren geht beispielsweise aus der EP 0 299 358 A1 hervor. Aus solchen "Tailored Strips" lassen sich sog. "Tailored Blanks" herstellen, und zwar als vorkonfektioniertes Bandmaterial, wobei mindestens zwei Bleche als Bandmaterial mit unterschiedlicher Materialdicke und/oder Materialgüte in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess mittels Laserstrahl zusammengeschweißt werden, wobei die Schweißnähte parallel zueinander verlaufen. Dadurch entsteht ein neues Band, welches wiederum zu einem Coil aufgewickelt werden kann. Das neue Bandmaterial lässt sich dann zu "Tailored Blanks" mittels Trennverfahren zuschneiden. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass auch die mittels flexiblen Walzen hergestellten Flächenelemente als "Tailored Blanks" bezeichnet werden können. Die dazu erforderlichen flexiblen Walzverfahren sind beispielsweise in der DE 100 41 280 C2 , der DE 101 56 087 B4 und EP 0 788 849 A1 beschrieben.Alternatively, the at least two sheet metal element segments each consist of cut strips of material, the mutually facing edges are joined together. Such tailored strips of material are also referred to in the art as "tailored strips". Their associated manufacturing process, for example, goes from the EP 0 299 358 A1 out. From such "tailored strips" so-called "tailored blanks" can be produced, namely as prefabricated strip material, wherein at least two sheets are welded together as strip material with different material thickness and / or material quality in a continuous process by means of a laser beam, wherein the weld seams run parallel to one another , This creates a new band, which in turn can be wound into a coil. The new strip material can then be cut to "tailored blanks" by means of separation processes. It should be noted that the surface elements produced by means of flexible rolls can also be referred to as "tailored blanks". The flexible rolling processes required for this purpose are for example in the DE 100 41 280 C2 , of the DE 101 56 087 B4 and EP 0 788 849 A1 described.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem das Blechelement aus miteinander gefügten zugeschnittenen Materialstreifen besteht, kann das Fügen bevorzugt mit Hilfe eines Schweißvorgangs, insbesondere Laserschweißvorgangs, vorgenommen werden.In the exemplary embodiment in which the sheet metal element consists of cut-to-size strips of material joined together, the joining can preferably be carried out with the aid of a welding operation, in particular a laser welding process.

Es ist günstig, wenn das Blechelement drei Blechelementsegmente aufweist. Durch weiteren Zuschnitt eines solchen Blechelementes ergibt sich, wie später mehr im Detail erläutert wird, eine große Bandbreite von Einsatzmöglichkeiten von aus dem Blechelement geschnittenen Unterelementen.It is favorable if the sheet metal element has three sheet metal element segments. By further cutting such a sheet metal element results, as will be explained in more detail later, a wide range of applications of cut from the sheet metal element sub-elements.

Vorzugsweise sind bei dem Blechelement die äußeren zwei Blechelementsegmente von gleicher Materialdicke und -Güte, wobei das mittlere Blechelementsegment hinsichtlich seiner Materialdicke und/oder -Güte von den beiden äußeren Blechelementsegmenten abweicht. Ein solches Blechelement hat den Vorteil, dass durch Schneiden des Blechelementes in seiner Längsrichtung zwei Unterelemente entstehen, die jeweils ein Blechelementsegment aufweisen, das sich durch eine höhere mechanische Belastbarkeit auszeichnet. Ein solches Blechelement eignet sich insbesondere zur Versteifung von Öffnungen in beispielsweise einer Seitenwand eines Schienenfahrzeugs.In the case of the sheet metal element, the outer two sheet metal element segments are preferably of the same material thickness and quality, wherein the middle sheet metal element segment deviates in terms of its material thickness and / or quality from the two outer sheet metal element segments. Such a sheet metal element has the advantage that by cutting the sheet metal element in its longitudinal direction two sub-elements arise, each having a sheet metal element segment, which is characterized by a higher mechanical strength. Such a sheet metal element is particularly suitable for stiffening openings in, for example, a side wall of a rail vehicle.

Wenn das mittlere Blechelementsegment mechanisch höher belastbar ist, als die beiden äußeren Blechelementsegmente, ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass bei gleichen Querabmessungen der einzelnen Blechelementsegmente ein Schneiden des Blechelementes in seiner Längsrichtung zwei Unterelemente hervorbringt, welche vielseitig im Schienenfahrzeugbau einsetzbar sind.If the middle sheet metal element segment is mechanically higher loadable than the two outer sheet metal element segments, there is the advantage that with the same transverse dimensions the individual sheet metal element segments a cutting of the sheet metal element in its longitudinal direction produces two sub-elements, which are versatile in rail vehicle construction can be used.

Die Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Verfahrens gelöst durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 9.The object is achieved with regard to the method by a method according to claim 9.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
in einer perspektivischen Ansicht, schematischen Ansicht eine Walzeneinrichtung zum Walzen eines Blechbandes,
Figur 2
eine Querschnittsansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform eines gewalzten Blechelementes,
Figur 3
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines gewalzten Blechelementes nach Figur 2 in Kombination mit daraus herstellbaren Unterelementen,
Figur 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Flächenelementes, hergestellt aus den Unterelementen von Figur 3,
Figur 5
eine perspektivische Ansicht des Flächenelementes von Figur 4 mit zusätzlichen Öffnungen,
Figur 6
eine Querschnittsansicht einer anderen Ausführungsform eines gewalzten Blechelementes,
Figur 7
eine perspektivische Ansicht des gewalzten Blechelementes von Figur 6 in Kombination mit daraus herstellbaren Unterelementen,
Figur 8
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Flächenelementes, hergestellt aus den Unterelementen von Figur 7,
Figur 9
eine perspektivische Ansicht des Flächenelementes von Figur 8 mit zusätzlichen Öffnungen,
Figur 10
eine Querschnittsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Blechelementes aus "Tailored Strip"-Bandmaterial,
Figuren 11, 12, 13
perspektivische Ansichten entsprechend denen der Figuren 3 bis 5, jedoch unter Einsatz des Blechelementes nach Figur 10,
Figur 14
eine Querschnittsansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Blechelementes aus Tailored Strip-Bandmaterial,
Figuren 15, 16, 17
perspektivische Ansichten entsprechend den Figuren 7 bis 9, jedoch unter Einsatz des Blechelementes nach Figur 14,
Figur 18
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Blechelementes nach Figur 10 in Kombination mit einem Blechelement konstanter Materialdicke,
Figur 19
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kombination von zwei Blechelementen nach Figur 10,
Figur 20
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines gemäß Figur 11 längs geschnittenen Blechelementes in Kombination mit einem Blechelement konstanter Materialdicke,
Figur 21
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kombination eines Blechelementes nach Figur 14 mit einem Blechelement konstanter Materialdicke,
Figur 22
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kombination aus zwei Blechelementen nach Figur 14 und
Figur 23
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kombination aus zwei Blechelementen nach Figur 14 mit einem Blechelement konstanter Materialdicke.
Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1
in a perspective view, a schematic view of a rolling device for rolling a metal strip,
FIG. 2
a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a rolled sheet metal element,
FIG. 3
a perspective view of a rolled sheet metal element after FIG. 2 in combination with subelements which can be produced from them,
FIG. 4
a perspective view of a surface element, made of the sub-elements of FIG. 3 .
FIG. 5
a perspective view of the surface element of FIG. 4 with additional openings,
FIG. 6
a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a rolled sheet metal element,
FIG. 7
a perspective view of the rolled sheet metal element of FIG. 6 in combination with subelements which can be produced from them,
FIG. 8
a perspective view of a surface element, made of the sub-elements of FIG. 7 .
FIG. 9
a perspective view of the surface element of FIG. 8 with additional openings,
FIG. 10
a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a sheet metal element of "Tailored Strip" -Bandmaterial,
FIGS. 11, 12, 13
perspective views corresponding to those of FIGS. 3 to 5 , but using the sheet metal element after FIG. 10 .
FIG. 14
a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a sheet metal element of Tailored Strip strip material,
FIGS. 15, 16, 17
perspective views according to the FIGS. 7 to 9 , but using the sheet metal element after FIG. 14 .
FIG. 18
a perspective view of a sheet metal element after FIG. 10 in combination with a sheet metal element of constant material thickness,
FIG. 19
a perspective view of a combination of two sheet metal elements after FIG. 10 .
FIG. 20
a perspective view of one according to FIG. 11 longitudinally cut sheet metal element in combination with a sheet metal element of constant material thickness,
FIG. 21
a perspective view of a combination of a sheet metal element according to FIG. 14 with a sheet metal element of constant material thickness,
FIG. 22
a perspective view of a combination of two sheet metal elements according to FIG. 14 and
FIG. 23
a perspective view of a combination of two sheet metal elements according to FIG. 14 with a sheet metal element of constant material thickness.

In der nachstehenden Beschreibung werden Flächenelemente beschrieben, die grundsätzlich auf zwei verschiedene Weisen herstellbar sind. Die eine Herstellungsweise, die als Bandprofilwalzen bezeichnet werden kann, ist anhand der Figur 1 veranschaulicht.In the following description surface elements are described, which are basically produced in two different ways. The one manufacturing method, which can be referred to as strip profile rollers, is based on the FIG. 1 illustrated.

Zwischen einer großdimensionierten Walze W1 einerseits und eine Anzahl kleinerer Walzen 2 befindet sich ein Blechelement BE1, das in einer Walzrichtung A zwischen den Walzen W1, W2 hindurchgeführt wird. Die Walzen W2 haben verschiedene Abstände zu der gegenüberliegenden, großen Walze W1, wodurch sich eine Profilierung des Blechelementes BE1 ergibt. Diese Profilierung führt dazu, dass quer zur Walzrichtung das Blechelement BE1 mit verschiedenen Materialdicken vorliegt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1 ist das Blechelement BE1 an seinen Längsrändern von höherer Materialdicke als in seinem zentralen Bereich.Between a large-sized roll W1 on the one hand and a number of smaller rolls 2 is a sheet metal element BE1, which is passed in a rolling direction A between the rollers W1, W2. The rollers W2 have different distances to the opposite, large roller W1, resulting in a profiling of the sheet element BE1. As a result of this profiling, the sheet metal element BE1 with different material thicknesses is present transversely to the rolling direction. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 is the sheet metal element BE1 at its longitudinal edges of higher material thickness than in its central region.

Figur 2 zeigt nun eine Querschnittsansicht eines prinzipiell nach dem in Figur 1 veranschaulichten Walzverfahren hergestellten Blechelementes BE2, bei dem ein zentrales Blechsegment eine größere Materialdicke aufweist als äußere Blechsegmente BR1, BR2. Das Blechelement BE2 ist in perspektivischer Darstellung ebenfalls in Figur 3 zu sehen. Es hat eine langgestreckte, flächige Form, bei der ein Längen-zu-Breitenverhältnis größer als 2:1, bevorzugt größer 3:1 beträgt. Der rechte Teil der perspektivischen Ansicht von Figur 3 zeigt Unterelemente U1, ..., U3, die sämtlich aus dem Blechelement BE2 durch Laserschneiden herstellbar sind. So ergeben sich die Unterelemente U2, U3 durch einen mittigen Längsschnitt des Blechelementes BE2, das bezüglich seiner Mittelachse symmetrisch ist. Selbstverständlich ist es bei anderen Ausführungsbeispielen möglich, dass andere Symmetrien für Blechelemente gewählt sind. Die sich ergebenden Unterelemente U2, U3 weisen jeweils zwei Segmente auf, von denen einer eine geringere und der andere eine größere Materialdicke aufweist. Die Unterelemente U1, von denen in Figur 3 vier Stück dargestellt sind, lassen sich sämtlich durch Schneiden des Blechelementes BE2 in seiner Querrichtung herstellen. FIG. 2 now shows a cross-sectional view of a principle after the in FIG. 1 illustrated rolling process produced sheet metal element BE2, in which a central sheet segment has a greater material thickness than outer sheet segments BR1, BR2. The sheet metal element BE2 is in perspective also in FIG. 3 to see. It has an elongated, flat shape in which a length-to-width ratio is greater than 2: 1, preferably greater than 3: 1. The right part of the perspective view of FIG. 3 shows sub-elements U1, ..., U3, all of which can be produced from the sheet metal element BE2 by laser cutting. Thus, the sub-elements U2, U3 result by a central longitudinal section of the sheet metal element BE2, which is symmetrical with respect to its central axis. Of course, it is possible in other embodiments that other symmetries are selected for sheet metal elements. The resulting sub-elements U2, U3 each have two segments, one of which has a smaller and the other has a greater material thickness. The subelements U1, of which in FIG. 3 four pieces are shown, all can be produced by cutting the sheet metal element BE2 in its transverse direction.

Aus Figur 4 ergibt sich nunmehr in perspektivischer Darstellung ein Flächenelement, das aus den Unterelementen U1, U2, U3 von Figur 3 hergestellt ist und beispielsweise zum Aufbau der Seitenwand eines Schienenfahrzeuges dienen kann. Im zentralen Bereich sind die vier Unterelemente U1 derart nebeneinander angeordnet, dass die Segmente mit größerer Materialdicke parallel zueinander stehen. Die beiden Unterelemente U2, U3 bilden jeweils den oberen bzw. den unteren Rand des Flächenelementes FE1.Out FIG. 4 now results in a perspective view of a surface element, which consists of the sub-elements U1, U2, U3 of FIG. 3 is manufactured and can serve for example to build the side wall of a rail vehicle. In the central region, the four sub-elements U1 are arranged side by side in such a way that the segments of greater material thickness are parallel to one another. The two sub-elements U2, U3 each form the upper and the lower edge of the surface element FE1.

Figur 5 zeigt nun das Flächenelement FE1 von Figur 4 mit zusätzlichen Öffnungen 01, 02, die beispielsweise zur Aufnahme von Fenstern dienen können. Es ergibt sich, dass die Segmente der Unterelemente U1 mit größerer Materialdicke Fensterrahmenabschnitte der Öffnungen 01, 02 ausbilden. FIG. 5 now shows the surface element FE1 of FIG. 4 with additional openings 01, 02, which can serve for example for receiving windows. It turns out that the segments of the sub-elements U1 with larger material thickness window frame portions of the openings 01, 02 form.

Figur 6 zeigt ein Blechelement BE3, das ebenfalls mit Hilfe von Bandprofilwalzen hergestellt ist, jedoch lediglich zwei Blechsegmente BR3, BR4 aufweist. Dabei ist die Materialdicke des Blechsegments BR4 größer als diejenige des Blechsegments BR3. Figur 7 zeigt das Blechelement BE3 sowie daraus hergestellte Unterelemente U4. Die Unterelemente U4 sind hergestellt durch Schneiden des Blechelementes BE3 in seiner Querrichtung. Alternativ dazu kann auch bereits das Blechelement BE3 so bemessen sein, dass sich daraus in Kombination mit gleichartigen Blechelementen die Seitenwand eines Schienenfahrzeuges oder andere Flächenelemente herstellen lassen. FIG. 6 shows a sheet metal element BE3, which is also made with the aid of strip profile rolls, but only two sheet segments BR3, BR4 has. The material thickness of the sheet segment BR4 is greater than that of the sheet segment BR3. FIG. 7 shows the sheet metal element BE3 and subelements U4 produced therefrom. The subelements U4 are produced by cutting the sheet metal element BE3 in its transverse direction. Alternatively, the sheet metal element BE3 may already be dimensioned such that the side wall of a rail vehicle or other surface elements can be produced in combination with similar sheet metal elements.

Figur 8 zeigt nun ein Flächenelement FE2, hergestellt aus den Unterelementen U4, wobei die jeweiligen Blechsegmente BR4 der parallel zueinander angeordneten Unterelemente U4 nach außen gerichtet sind. Wie bereits in Figur 6 zu sehen ist, ist die Breite des Blechelementes BR4 mit größerer Materialdicke geringer bemessen als diejenige des Blechsegments BR3. FIG. 8 now shows a surface element FE2, made of the sub-elements U4, wherein the respective sheet metal segments BR4 of the parallel arranged sub-elements U4 are directed to the outside. As already in FIG. 6 can be seen, the width of the sheet metal element BR4 is dimensioned smaller with a larger material thickness than that of the sheet metal segment BR3.

Figur 9 zeigt das Flächelement FE3 mit zusätzlichen Öffnungen 03, 04 zur Aufnahme von Fenstern. Auch hier ergeben sich Fensterrahmenabschnitte aufgrund der Blechsegmente BR4, die entlang Ober- und Unterkanten der Öffnungen 03, 04 verlaufen. FIG. 9 shows the surface element FE3 with additional openings 03, 04 for receiving windows. Again, there are window frame sections due to the sheet segments BR4, which extend along the upper and lower edges of the openings 03, 04.

Die Darstellungen der Figuren 10 bis 17 entsprechen im Wesentlichen denjenigen der Figuren 2 bis 9, so dass für funktionsgleiche Elemente dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. Es ist jedoch darauf hinzuweisen, dass sich die Darstellungen der Figuren 2 bis 9 auf gewalzte Blechelemente beziehen, während die Darstellungen der Figuren 10 bis 14 Blechelemente aus sog. Tailored Strip-Bandmaterial zum Gegenstand haben, d. h. das Ausgangsmaterial weist bereits verschiedene Blechsegmente BZ, BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4 auf, die beispielsweise durch Laserschweißen in Längsrichtung von Blechelementen BE4, BE5 herstellbar sind. Im Übrigen stimmen die Darstellungen der Figuren 10 bis 17 vollständig mit denjenigen der Figuren 2 bis 9 überein, so dass auf deren Beschreibung verwiesen werden kann.The representations of the FIGS. 10 to 17 correspond essentially to those of FIGS. 2 to 9 , so that the same reference numerals are used for functionally identical elements. It should be noted, however, that the representations of the FIGS. 2 to 9 refer to rolled sheet metal elements, while the representations of FIGS. 10 to 14 Sheet metal elements of so-called. Tailored strip strip material have the object, ie the starting material already has various sheet metal segments BZ, BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, which can be produced for example by laser welding in the longitudinal direction of sheet metal elements BE4, BE5. Incidentally, the representations of the FIGS. 10 to 17 completely with those of FIGS. 2 to 9 so that reference can be made to their description.

Figur 18 veranschaulicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem das Blechelement BE3 nach Figur 10 kombiniert ist mit einem Blechelement BEK konstanter Materialdicke. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel stimmen die Längen dieser beiden Blechelemente BE4 und BEK überein und sind mit einer längs verlaufenden Schweißnaht miteinander verbunden. FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment in which the sheet metal element BE3 after FIG. 10 combined with a sheet metal element BEK constant material thickness. In the present embodiment, the lengths of these two sheet metal elements BE4 and BEK are consistent and are connected to each other with a longitudinal weld.

Aus der Darstellung nach Figur 19 geht die Kombination von zwei Blechelementen BE3 nach Figur 10 hervor, die parallel zueinander angeordnet und durch Laserschweißen miteinander verbunden sind.From the illustration to FIG. 19 The combination of two sheet metal elements BE3 follows FIG. 10 out, which are arranged parallel to each other and connected by laser welding.

Figur 20 zeigt eine Kombination aus einem zentral angeordneten Blechelement BEK konstanter Materialdicke mit außen liegenden Unterelementen U2, U3 (Fig. 11), deren jeweilige Blechsegmente mit erhöhter Materialdicke den Rand des entstehenden Flächenelementes FE3 bilden. Demgegenüber können die Flächenelemente gemäß den Figuren 18 und 19 mit FE4, FE5 bezeichnet werden. Diese sämtlichen Flächenelemente können ebenfalls eine Ausgangsbasis zum Aufbau von Seitenwänden eines Schienenfahrzeugs bilden. FIG. 20 shows a combination of a centrally arranged sheet metal element BEK constant material thickness with outer sub-elements U2, U3 ( Fig. 11 ), whose respective sheet metal segments with increased material thickness form the edge of the resulting surface element FE3. In contrast, the surface elements according to the FIGS. 18 and 19 with FE4, FE5. These all surface elements can also form a starting point for the construction of side walls of a rail vehicle.

Die Figuren 21 bis 23 zeigen ähnliche Ausbildungen unter Verwendung des Unterelementes U4 (Fig. 15).The FIGS. 21 to 23 show similar embodiments using the subelement U4 ( Fig. 15 ).

Claims (14)

Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK),
insbesondere als Halbzeug,
das eine längliche Form aufweist und
in seiner Querrichtung wenigstens zwei Blechelementsegmente (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) mit verschiedener Materialdicke und/oder -güte aufweist.Sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK),
especially as a semi-finished product,
which has an elongated shape and
has in its transverse direction at least two sheet metal element segments (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) with different material thickness and / or quality. Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die mindestens zwei Blechelementsegmente (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) eine unterschiedliche Materialdicke aufweisen und durch variables Walzen (W1, W2) hergestellt sind.Sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) according to claim 1, wherein the at least two sheet metal element segments (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) have a different material thickness and are produced by variable rolling (W1, W2). Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die mindestens zwei Blechelementsegmente (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) jeweils aus zugeschnittenen Materialstreifen bestehen, deren einander zugewandte Ränder miteinander gefügt sind.Sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) according to claim 1, wherein the at least two sheet metal element segments (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) each consist of cut strips of material whose mutually facing edges are joined together. Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) nach Anspruch 3, bei dem das Fügen mit Hilfe eines Schweißvorgangs vorgenommen ist.Sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) according to claim 3, wherein the joining is performed by means of a welding operation. Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
bei dem es drei Blechelementsegmente (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) aufweist.Sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
in which it has three sheet metal element segments (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ). Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) nach Anspruch 5, bei dem die äußeren zwei Blechelementsegmente (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) von gleicher Materialdicke und -güte sind, wobei dass mittlere Blechelementsegment (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) hinsichtlich seiner Materialdicke und/oder -güte von den beiden äußeren Blechelementsegmenten (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) abweicht.Sheet-metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) according to claim 5, wherein the outer two sheet-metal element segments (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) are of the same material thickness and quality, wherein the middle sheet-metal element segment (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) deviates from the two outer sheet metal element segments (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) with regard to its material thickness and / or quality. Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) nach Anspruch 6, bei dem das mittlere Blechelementsegment (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) mechanisch höher belastbar ist als die beiden äußeren Blechelementsegmente (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ).Sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) according to claim 6, wherein the middle sheet metal element segment (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ) is mechanically higher loadable than the two outer sheet metal element segments (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BZ). Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Flächenelements (FE1, FE2, FE3, FE4, FE5), wie der Seitenwand eines
Schienefahrzeugs,
bei dem mehrere Blechelemente (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 verwendet werden.Method for producing a surface element (FE1, FE2, FE3, FE4, FE5), such as the sidewall of a
Rail vehicle,
in which a plurality of sheet-metal elements (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) according to one of claims 1 to 7 are used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
bei dem ein Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
mindestens ein aus einem zweiten, gleichartigen Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) hergestelltes Unterelement (U1, U2, U3, U4) verwendet wird.Method according to claim 8,
in which a sheet-metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) according to one of claims 1 to 7,
at least one of a second, similar sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) produced sub-element (U1, U2, U3, U4) is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
bei dem das mindestens eine Unterelement (U1, U2, U3, U4) durch Schneiden des Blechelements (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) in seiner Längsrichtung hergestellt wird.Method according to claim 9,
in which the at least one subelement (U1, U2, U3, U4) is produced by cutting the sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) in its longitudinal direction. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10,
bei dem das mindestens eine Unterelement (U1, U2, U3, U4) durch Schneiden des Blechelements (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) in seiner Querrichtung hergestellt wird.Method according to one of claims 9 or 10,
in which the at least one subelement (U1, U2, U3, U4) is produced by cutting the sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) in its transverse direction. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11,
bei dem das mindestens eine Blechelement (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) bzw. Unterelement (U1, U2, U3, U4) vor dem Zusammensetzen zu einem Flächenelement durch Umformen in seiner Querrichtung, vorzugsweise mittels Abkanten zu einem Profil weiterverarbeitet wird.Method according to one of claims 9 to 11,
in which the at least one sheet-metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) or sub-element (U1, U2, U3, U4) is further processed into a profile by forming in its transverse direction, preferably by means of folding prior to assembly. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12,
bei dem die erforderlichen Fügevorgänge für das Zusammensetzen der mittels Laserschweißen durchgeführt werden.Method according to one of claims 9 to 12,
in which the necessary joining operations for the assembly are carried out by means of laser welding. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13,
bei dem zum Aufbau des Flächenelements (FE1, FE2, FE3, FE4, FE5) überwiegend Schweißnähte in Längsrichtung des Blechelements (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) erstellt werden.Method according to claim 13,
in which for the construction of the surface element (FE1, FE2, FE3, FE4, FE5) mainly welds in the longitudinal direction of the sheet metal element (BE1, BE2, BE3, BE4, BEK) are created.
EP08165199A 2007-10-10 2008-09-26 Sheet metal element, in particular as half-finished product, for the construction of rail vehicles and method of manufacturing an area element from same Ceased EP2047922A1 (en)

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