EP1293623A1 - Method and system for constructing buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

Boxes (1) and/or frames (3,4) identical or matched in dimension once prefabricated are stacked as building blocks on site and joined by vertical connectors (10) to fix and stabilize the building. The box planking (16) is insulated inside against heat and noise by Styropor platework. Once joined up the boxes are filled in their communicating spaces with setting agent such as concrete. Alternatively, the boxes can be filled with heat and/or noise insulating material such as glass wool or plastics flocs.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a system for the production of Buildings, on a system component and on a building created with it.

The construction of a building always proves to be tedious and labor-intensive project. This is not only due to the actual construction previous planning phase, but in fact also on the multitude of Steps. There is now an alternative to creating in Brick masonry the possibility of prefabricated concrete, being prefabricated Concrete components are assembled on site. However, this construction technique is little flexible, since every little change to the building planning is a complete one different dimensions of the concrete slabs required, for what purpose in their manufacture then a completely different formwork is required. In addition, that is still time-consuming plastering, applying the thermal insulation and, if necessary, painters, wallpapering od. Like. Required, so that after creating the shell for a long time passes until a building is ready to move into.

This results from these disadvantages of the prior art described Invention initiating problem, an optimized method and system for Manufacture of structures to create the one hand in the creation of the Shell construction allows the fastest possible construction progress, on the other hand if possible is flexible and thus favors individual planning of a building Furthermore, the construction time is shortened by the fact that as many work steps as possible can be summarized.

This problem is solved within the scope of an inventive one Procedure in that boxes or frames with identical or on top of each other coordinated dimensions prefabricated and on site in the manner of building blocks to be placed on and next to each other so that they are trained by doing something like this vertical direction interlocking connections a mutual that Experience stabilizing fixation.

In this way, a building can be based on prefabricated components and in contrast to being pulled up in the shortest possible time interval However, this will be compared to the previously used precast concrete components filigree boxes or frames used with an extremely low Workload and without restricting their static properties to the required dimensions can be reduced. This allows a with the building to be constructed according to the invention to the highest degree can be planned individually without this being tedious and would have to be brickwork-intensive. Depending on whether the invention Boxes or frames in the finished building have the actual load-bearing function can take over or not, those enclosed by these elements and communicating cavities with a heat and / or sound-absorbing substance can be filled, or with a curing Binding building material, which then fulfills the actual, supporting role. On however, the crucial aspect of the method according to the invention is that interlocking guide elements are provided for exact Provide relative positions between boxes or frames placed on top of each other. As a result, the bricklayer, but also the helping, skilled layperson of the frees up time-consuming work, the vertical alignment of a wall or the like. having to check with solder and spirit level. It is recommended to use such Checks every now and then. With precisely shaped and precise Post-processing components are then unnecessary. On the other hand, since the components according to the invention are comparatively large Can have dimensions, for example. A horizontal extent of 1.8 m and a height of 30 cm, is for pulling up a wall or one entire structure only a very short period of time required. The Time saved in this way can also be increased by the fact that the prefabricated boxes or frames already have an outer paneling that can be used as a visual element and therefore another plastering, however also painters or wallpapering, makes it superfluous. You can also at the Panels for thermal insulation have already been arranged on the inside of this planking, so that a building created according to the system according to the invention is optimal Has thermal insulation properties. So after assembling the components according to the invention and after the filling of these enclosed cavities not only finished the shell of a house, but also the outer cladding and the interior, and it only remains pulling in floor ceilings and a roof structure, inserting doors and windows, installation of heating and water and electrical installation, so that such a highly customized house after a few days is ready to move into.

It has proven convenient that the boxes or frames made of square timbers are manufactured. On the one hand, this is a biologically healthy one Building material that - as medieval half-timbered houses prove - with the right one Treatment can last for hundreds of years, residents' health is not endangered, is breathable and is processed with the least effort also afterwards by random sawing to the concrete dimensions of a building can be corrected.

The square timbers are preferred to form rectangular stiffening frames connected, in particular glued and screwed together. This Stiffening frames form, so to speak, the elementary structure of an invention created structure, and following the modular principle of the invention these elements are placed exactly on top of each other so that they support each other and due to the high pressure resistance of the Wood material can easily support the overall structure of a building or but can give sufficient stability to the side planking a deformation of the same during the filling of a binding material excluded. These stiffening frames are preferably both glued and screwed together at the same time, the screw connection simultaneously generates the contact pressure during the curing phase of the glue. A high Stability of this stiffening frame can be realized in that the individual square timbers are not cut with a miter but with a butt joint. If - As the invention further provides - each stiffening frame from two screwed together frame levels is formed, so it is also possible that Butt joints of those put together to form a stiffening frame Place individual frames in different locations so that each butt joint has one Frame overlapped by a square timber of the other frame and thereby is stabilized. The two subframes can also be glued and / or be screwed together.

Guide elements can be attached to the rectangular stiffening frame to make a common escape stiffening frame sure. As already stated above, the invention Construction their high stability from the fact that the stiffening frame each exactly be placed one above the other so that a columnar structure results. For this However, it is necessary that the individual elements are exactly in a predetermined Alignment towards each other and not to chance left, the invention uses for this stipulated on the stiffening frame Guide elements that when placing the invention Components cause automatic centering. With that, too Extremely less talented laypersons with the system according to the invention work exactly. The guide elements can be up and / or down protruding square timbers should be formed laterally in vertical alignment the stiffening frame is attached, for example screwed and / or - glued.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, two or more rectangular stiffening frames aligned parallel to each other, in one too the frame levels perpendicular escape direction at equal intervals in a row arranged and then to one another by side planking Box connected, for example glued and / or screwed. The basic idea of System according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the walls of an individual planned structure in individual cells of identical dimensions be, which then in almost any number with each other to form one Box can be summarized by the at the cell separation points in about equidistant spacing placed stiffening frame with a planking provided and thereby connected to each other. Through the correct installation Such a box will then be added to the existing building added an appropriate number of cells so that pulling up a Building in a much shorter period than previously possible. On the other hand with long walls often several boxes in the longitudinal direction of the wall must be placed in a row, there are vertical in each layer Butt joints between adjacent boxes, but preferably over the neighboring layers offset by one or more cells can be arranged. In addition, for this application it is advantageous if the respective stiffening frame on the outside of a box half the thickness of a frame can be moved inwards or only half Have strength like the other stiffening frames. The latter can be accomplished that here only one of otherwise two each other set (partial) frame is used. Thus, each meet with box butt joints two such subframes directly on top of each other, lie flat against each other and can For example, be additionally connected by means of screws.

Tongue and groove profiles can be formed in this way to form a side panel overlap that the profile springs each in the groove recesses of a intervene adjacent profile boards and thereby an aligned Ensure alignment of the relevant profile boards. Such profiled panels effect the automatic alignment of the stacked boxes in a vertical alignment one above the other and also form an aesthetic attractive cladding, which ideally without any further finishing can be used as both outer and inner cladding.

If the boxes according to the invention play a major role within the Building statics are intended, the comparatively thin cladding does not like be sufficiently dimensioned to withstand lateral (shear) forces within a To collect wall level. In this case, reinforcement or stiffening parallel parallel stiffening frame attached to the planking are, for example, in the vertical direction between two stiffening frames inserted and possibly glued and / or screwed. This for planking parallel stiffening frames can basically have the same structure as the stiffening frames described above, the base plane of which is perpendicular to each the planking runs. The additional stiffening frames can fit as well as form-fitting between two stiffening frames be, and / or they can additionally with screws and / or with glue on the rest of the construction.

When using stiffening frames parallel to the planking, the (Wood) construction according to the invention already has the required stability to to be able to reliably support floor ceilings, roof trusses, etc. There in this case, additional measures to increase stability are not required are, after assembling the boxes prepared in this way in the then communicating with each other a heat and / or sound-insulating substance, for example glass or rock wool, plastic flakes, pearlite, etc., can be filled in. The substance to be filled in can be more optimal heat and / or sound insulation properties should be selected also be stable against chemical, biological or other influences. In addition, however, this substance does not have to be special, in particular have mechanical properties so that pourable material is used can be. Of course, blocks made of a plastic foam such as. Styrofoam or the like can be used.

In another embodiment of the invention, the inside of the Planking a heat and / or sound insulation attached, for example in the form of in inserted in the vertical direction between two stiffening frames Styrofoam plates or the like. Here, parallel to the planking Stiffening frame can be dispensed with, because at a later date load-bearing element created in the cavities between the box cladding becomes. The insulation panels are directly on the inside of the cladding attached, preferably in by vertical guide elements on adjacent Stiffening frame inserted pockets inserted. Unless a complete Windproofness of the finished building is required, can be in front of or behind one such an insulating plate layer, a plastic film can be inserted.

As already indicated above, there is no need to use insulation plates insertable behind the planking and parallel to this stiffening frame, so that the stability and load-bearing capacity of walls created in this way is additionally increased should be. For this purpose, after assembling the prepared Boxes in the then communicating cavities a hardening Binding material, for example concrete, can be filled in actual support structure of the wall in question and its stability in no way inferior to a solid precast concrete element. If necessary appears, additional reinforcement can be provided by in front of the Filling an iron or steel frame or the like is used in the cavity.

To form a support, for example for the roof structure and / or Floor ceiling can be in the aligned recesses of the stiffening frame beams and / or beams inserted one behind the other and possibly connected to each other to form a ring anchor. Because especially at the rafters that meet in the area of the ridge beam on a gable roof it has an outward thrust in the area of its support It is necessary to provide a stable anchoring here, which these forces is able to record. Such anchoring can be carried out using beams or beams which are the stiffening frames of the top row of boxes enforce and if necessary can be attached to this, possibly during a Subsequent cavity filling measure kept in place become. These beams or beams running inside the wall can be pulled through additional measures are stabilized, such as by a mutual Connection and / or by connecting to the floor ceiling forming or load-bearing beams, which are caused by the outward thrust of the Rafters can be claimed on train. The bars or beams are preferred Made of wood and can be used with various, from the carpentry known techniques.

In addition to the effort in the construction method according to the invention for heating, water and electrical installation can be minimized pro Floor preferably provided in the area of the floor all-round channels be that can be closed, for example, with wooden boards, lids or the like. In these channels can be used for heating and water pipes as well as electrical cables and from there, short stub lines can be installed using surface-mounted technology Radiators, sinks or sockets. In the Dry branch variants can use these branch lines and / or the connecting lines Main lines can also be laid within the boxes according to the invention.

An inventive system for the production of structures according to the above described method is characterized by boxes or frames with identical or coordinated dimensions, the type of Building blocks can be placed on and / or next to each other in such a way that they pass through trained, interlocking connections in approximately vertical direction experience mutual, stabilizing the structure.

On the one hand, these are filigree elements that, despite a large, enclosed volume are comparatively light and due to this property can be comfortably transported and seated by one or at most two people can. Due to the interlocking connection, an exact adjustment is required an attached component ensures that even laypersons when using the system according to the invention for the production of structures "nothing wrong ". The finished building receives its stability either through the Variety of stiffening frames oriented perpendicular to each other or by the in the communicating cavities filled with binding material.

A prefabricated box that has a square or rectangular base has a width b corresponding to the later wall thickness and a length I, where the aspect ratio l / b = x with x = 1, 2, 3, 4 .. is preferred by Stiffening frame divided into x cells, each one square Have floor space. This makes it possible with the invention Realize components corners, which are each formed by a cell and wall-like due to cells attached to two adjoining side surfaces be continued. It is also possible to do this without the specified grid leave a prefabricated box with four times the length (x = 4), for example in two Halve boxes with x = 2, which can then be used for short wall sections, e.g. between Windows that can be used. The separation can be in the area a stiffening frame running perpendicular to the planking, so that the resulting shortened boxes in turn on their two, front ends by a stiffening frame of half strength be completed.

The universal system components are preferably made of square timber manufactured. As already mentioned above, wood is a very easy to work with with sufficient stability for the present purpose, with previous Impregnation lasts for a long time and is ultimately biologically compatible.

The invention further provides that those formed from square timbers Stiffening frame have a rectangular or square base. at such stiffening frame run two frame edges vertically and two remaining edges horizontally, so that by vertical stacking such frame columnar structures can be made, the one have optimal statics.

Guide elements can be attached to the rectangular stiffening frame be a joint escape stiffening frame sure. As stated above, in particular the self-supporting Embodiment stiffening frame arranged exactly vertically one above the other ahead, so that a stable, columnar statics results. So also with the With the help of lay people, this exact relative alignment of the stiffening frame is guaranteed, the invention provides self-centering guide elements that a only then push the stacked components together allow if they have exactly the desired orientation. This Guide elements have the additional advantage that the individual Modular layers can no longer be shifted against each other later, even if different due to the effects of moisture and / or heat Expand boxes or building areas to different extents.

The invention is further characterized by protruding upwards Squared timbers, which are an exact alignment of an attached frame or box guarantee. This preferably upwards, but possibly also downwards Squares protruding below are preferably one on each side Stiffening frame and thereby experience a mutual distance that is exact corresponds to the strength of the stiffening frame in question and is therefore able is, an attached or attached stiffening frame is flush with it in the manner of a transition or press fit and thereby largely immovable.

Further advantages result from the fact that two or more rectangular ones Stiffening frame aligned parallel to each other and in one to the Frame levels perpendicular escape direction at equal intervals one after the other arranged and then to one another by side planking Box are connected, for example. Glued and / or screwed. Through the congruent, i.e. aligned, stiffening frame and the attached, side planking each result in cuboid Boxes with a rectangular base, which are hollow and filigree and also by using the comparatively light wood-based material can be processed without much effort. At the same time, the planking be designed so that after completion of the building in question can form a visible wall covering. Through the diverse interlocking boxes, the butt joints offset in layers the finished building receives maximum stability.

An inventive box with an aspect ratio l / b = x with x = 1, 2, 3, 4 .. has a total of k = x + 1 stiffening frame. This results from the division this box into cells of equal size with a square base of the side length b, separated by x - 1 inner stiffening frame and by 2 outer stiffening frame are completed.

The idea of the invention can be further developed such that the groove and Spring profiles placed one above the other to form a side planking are that the profile springs each in the groove recesses of an adjacent Intervene profile boards and thereby an aligned alignment of the Ensure the relevant profile boards. Because of this measure, you can boxes placed on top of each other also perpendicular to the basic level of the ones to be created Wall have no offset, which creates the risk of creating a "skewed" Wall is eliminated from the outset. Since the planking is preferred on both The sides of the box or the wall to be created are identical manufactured and precisely placed boxes according to the invention almost automatically aligned horizontally, provided they are fully interlocking are pushed together. Smallest, remaining deviations can be targeted Hammer blows to be corrected.

By arranged on the inside of the planking, parallel to this Stiffening frame results in a framework that is stable in all spatial directions of a box as well as an entire structure, so that it is made of static It is not necessary to leave the remaining cavities within such a reason Fill the wall of the building with a hardening binding material.

On the other hand, it is also possible that on the inside of the planking Insulation plates, for example made of plastic foam such as polystyrene, are arranged. This is a different embodiment of the invention especially for use with a hardening and then load bearing Binding material is designed; This can be done on the inside of the cladding provided insulation plates both during filling to seal the Formwork also serves as a role in the completed structure heat and / or sound insulation.

Finally, it corresponds to the teaching of the invention that the cladding parallel stiffening frames or insulation panels on their inner sides gripped by squared timbers and held in position, this Holding strips each on a stiffening frame that is perpendicular to the planking are attached. Thus each form part of the planking, two perpendicular to it, adjacent stiffening frame and on their mutually facing sides arranged, vertical guide squares a pocket-shaped cross-section, in either an insulation plate or a stiffening frame from above can be inserted and then by positive locking on the spot is held. A further, time-consuming fastening is not necessary.

The stability of one created with system components according to the invention Building can be varied from one another depending on the embodiment connected stiffening frame result or by additional measures be elevated. In the former case, they can be placed on and next to each other Boxes created, communicating cavities for heat and / or Sound insulation with a powder, flake or wool-like substance, e.g. Pearlite, plastic flakes, rock or glass wool; in the latter case achieve additional stabilization by using the cavities in question a hardening binding material, for example concrete. The The system according to the invention can be used in a highly variable manner, it can be used both for Dry as well as wet construction can be used, with the dry construction version the construction of a structure with sufficient stability within one allowed in the shortest period of a few days, while with the wet construction version in buildings can only be built for an insignificantly longer period of time are able to meet the highest structural requirements. Furthermore the two designs can also be combined with each other, for example by load-bearing walls, in particular the foundation or exterior walls of a building, in Wet construction method while the interior partitions, which only need to have a reduced load capacity, created in dry construction can be.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines aus zueinander parallelen Versteifungsrahmen und daran befestigten Beplankungen aufgebauten Kastens, der bei der Herstellung von Bauwerken Verwendung finden kann, teilweise aufgeschnitten;

Fig. 2

eine Ansicht auf die Grundebene eines Versteifungsrahmens des Kastens aus Fig. 1, etwa entsprechend des Pfeils II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf die Fig. 2 in Richtung des Pfeils III;

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf den Kasten aus Fig. 1 nach Einsetzen von Isolationsplatten an der Innenseite der Beplankung;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Darstellung zwecks Bildung einer Wand aufeinandergesetzter Kästen gemäß den Fig. 1 und 4;

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht auf die Fig. 5

Fig. 7

eine mit den Kästen aus Fig. 1 und 4 erstellte Bauwerksecke;

Fig. 8

eine Draufsicht auf ein mit Kästen aus Fig. 1 und 3 erstelltes Bauwerk mit einem Ringanker zum Aufsetzen eines Dachstuhls und/oder einer Geschoßdecke;

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt durch die Fig. 8 entlang der Linie IX - IX; sowie

Fig. 10

eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Kastens in einer der Fig. 4 entsprechenden Darstellung, teilweise abgebrochen.

Further features, details, advantages and effects based on the invention result from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention and from the drawing. Here shows:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a box made of parallel stiffening frame and attached planking box, which can be used in the manufacture of buildings, partially cut away;

Fig. 2

a view of the base plane of a stiffening frame of the box of Figure 1, approximately according to the arrow II in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3

a plan view of Figure 2 in the direction of arrow III.

Fig. 4

a plan view of the box of Figure 1 after inserting insulation panels on the inside of the cladding.

Fig. 5

a perspective view to form a wall stacked boxes according to Figures 1 and 4.

Fig. 6

5 shows a side view of FIG. 5

Fig. 7

a building corner created with the boxes from FIGS. 1 and 4;

Fig. 8

a plan view of a building created with boxes from Figures 1 and 3 with a ring anchor for placing a roof truss and / or a floor ceiling;

Fig. 9

a section through Figure 8 along the line IX - IX. such as

Fig. 10

a modified embodiment of a box according to the invention in a representation corresponding to FIG. 4, partially broken off.

The core of a box 1 according to the invention for the production of Building walls or the like are a plurality of in terms of their footprint congruent stiffening frames 3, 4 constructed from square timbers 2.

A stiffening frame 4 forming the end face of the box 1 is in FIG. 2 in itself taken reproduced. You can see its rectangular shape with two each same length, opposite side strips 5 or cross strips 6. How to further see, these squared timbers 5, 6 are not mitred but straight cut off, each square timber 5, 6 each having a corner 7 of the Stiffening frame 3 forms and with its opposite end butt to the inner longitudinal edge of the adjacent square timber 5, 6 is attached. As the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 can be seen, two such, from four Squared timbers 5, 6 (partial) frames 8 are placed in such a way that the butt joints are not covered. This results, for example, from the fact that one of two completely identical subframes 8 placed next to one another a vertical or horizontal squared timber 5, 6 parallel axis by 180 ° is pivoted so that it is seen in the same direction as the reflection of the represents each other subframe 8. Otherwise these frames will otherwise pushed unchanged on top of each other, the identical basic structure results a full stiffening frame 3, 4. The individual square timbers 5, 6 of the two Subframes 8 can be glued to one another and, if necessary, additionally by means of Screws 9 fixed. These screws 9 are preferably self-tapping Wood screws with a comparatively small core diameter, so that the Frames 3, 4 can be screwed together without pre-drilling. The one of the Screws 9 generated contact pressure can during the drying phase applied wood glue for an intimate connection of all assembled Squares 5, 6 take care. The individual square timbers 5, 6 sawn off by machine and then coated with glue and into a template used, then the screws 9 with a possibly automatic Drilling device can be attached and screwed in. Since the curing phase of the Glues that do not have to be waited for can be shortened in this way Period produced a plurality of stiffening frames 3, 4 according to the invention become.

In addition to the actual, frame-shaped frame 8 are the front Stiffening frame 4 with two vertical guide strips or sticks 10 provided that are identical to each other and about the height of the Corresponding framework 8, d. H. the length of a side bar 5 plus Width of a cross bar 6. The two guide members 10 are on one side 11 of the front stiffening frame 4 parallel to its side squared timbers 5 fixed, preferably fixed by means of screws 12. For reasons below are explained, the guide wood 10 compared to the side Boundary edges 13 of the stiffening frame 4 set back. Since they're opposite protrude the upper cross bar 6 only by an amount that is smaller than the width a cross bar 6, they can each on both the upper and the lower Cross bar 6 are screwed and are fixed immovably.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, are used to form an inventive Box a plurality, for example, six stiffening frames 3, 4 of the same area in parallel aligned with each other and congruent at constant intervals lined up in a row so that there are always two outside Stiffening frame 4 and a more or less large number of internal Stiffening frame 3 result. The inner stiffening frame 3 differ from the external stiffening frame 4 mainly by two additional guide posts 14 which are attached to the guide posts 10 opposite side 15 of the frame 8 fixed, for example. are screwed tight. The additional guide members 14 are congruent Guide wood 10 arranged opposite, so that an inner Stiffening frame 3 structured point symmetrically to a central vertical axis is.

As can be clearly seen from FIGS. 1 and 4, they are equidistantly one behind the other stiffening frame 3, 4 by side panels 16 together connected. These plankings 16 can be one or more, preferably three profile boards 17 act on their opposite Long sides with a groove-shaped depression 18 on the one hand and one to it complementary and insertable therein spring 19 are provided on the other hand. The Height of the framework 8, namely the sum of the length of a vertical Squared timber 5 and the width of a cross bar 6, and the height of the planking 16 of a box 1 are matched to one another in such a way that when they are completely inside one another set profiled boards 17, the planking 16 only by the vertical extent of a Spring 19 is greater than the height of a frame structure 8 (without taking into account the protruding guide posts 10.14).

Figures 5 and 6 show that there is no problem due to this height dimensioning it is possible to have two boxes 1 completely identical to one another add that the upper spring 19 of the uppermost profile board 17 of the paneling 16 of the lower box 1 exactly in the lower groove 18 of the lowest profile board 17 Planking 16 of the attached box 1 attacks, so that the planking 16 both boxes 1 lie in a common plane. In addition, since the distance d between two inner, adjacent stiffening frames 3 everywhere is identical (the distance to an end frame 4 is preferably around Strength r / 2 of a subframe 8 shorter than d), the boxes 1 can be placed on top of each other so that the stiffening frames 3, 4 of the upper box 1 be placed exactly over a stiffening frame 3, 4 of the lower box 1 and between the upward protruding guide posts 10, 14 of those there Frame 3, 4 can be used to fit two cross bars 6 each stacked boxes 1 lie flush against each other, as shown in FIG. 5 see is. In this position the superimposed boxes 1 are not horizontal more displaceable against each other. This position can also be special by laypeople easy to find, it just requires precise placement of the top Box 1. Using this principle, several layers of boxes 1 Place on top of each other to form a house wall or the like.

So that a wall and thus a building constructed in this way is a maximum Has stability, the butt joints should be between longer walls juxtaposed boxes 1 may be staggered in layers like this is indicated in Fig. 6. So that when putting together several boxes 1 one mutual determination in the area of the butt joint can take place at such boxes the front stiffening frame 4 each by half Frame thickness must be set inwards so that a similar, cross-sectionally tapered end frame 4 of the adjacent box 1 gives exactly the same grid as for an internal stiffening frame 3. These coinciding subframes can together in the gap between two guide posts 10, 11 of a box 1 located underneath become. In addition, they can be attached to each other using additional screws be determined.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, includes a box 1 with four internal Stiffening frame 3 and two front stiffening frames 4 five cells almost identical to one another 21. The total length I of a box 1 is therefore identical to five times the length (d + r) of a cell 21, d. H. the Total thickness r of an internal stiffening frame 3 plus the distance d between two opposing base surfaces 11, 15 adjacent Stiffening frame 3. In general: I = x * (d + r) with x = number of cells in box 1. If - as the invention provides - the cells 21 have a square cross section have: b = (d + r).

7, it is particularly easy in this case to close a building corner 20 form. Here, in the area of the corner 20 in the manner of a galvanizing Layers 1 alternately in layers from the two meeting walls 22, 23 used to form a corner cell 24, while the box 1 of each other wall 23, 22 with its end face 4 butt against the planking area 16 of the box 1 forming the corner cell 24 of the same layer is attached. in this connection If necessary, the spring 19 protruding upwards must be in the area of the corner cell 24 of the uppermost profile board 17 are caulked away or cut. Since the Frontal frame 4 of the boxes 1 forming the corner cell 24 originally not are closed, the corner 20 is preferably vertical Profile boards 25 or the like.

In order to stabilize the corner 20, that of the adjacent wall 22, 23 facing planking 16 of a box 1 forming the corner cell 24 with the adjacent frame 4 are screwed.

With the box-shaped components 1 described in this way, if necessary also by sawing the planking 16, preferably in the area of a inner stiffening frame 3 can be shortened to a smaller number of cells individual buildings can be planned by the lengths of the walls each correspond to a multiple of the length (d + r) of a cell 21.

The construction of such a building is carried out in layers. First becomes the bottom box layer on a concrete base plate, for example screwed tight, for example on concrete anchors. The next one is then Layer of boxes 1 according to the principle shown in Figures 5 to 7 placed.

Then in each case by a part of the planking 16, the towards each other facing sides 15 of adjacent stiffening frames 3, 4 and on these screwed guide wood 10, 14 formed pockets 26 or plate cuboid insulation elements 27, for example, inserted from polystyrene. The width this insulation element 27 corresponds as exactly as possible to the width d one Box cell 21, its strength corresponds to the distance of the guide timbers 10, 14 from the closest panel inside 28, and its height is preferred identical to the single or double height of a box 1, d. H. the height of a (partial) frame 8. As FIG. 5 shows, these insulation elements 27 comfortably from above into the designated pockets 26 be inserted.

These insulation elements 27 primarily take over in the completed building the heat and / or sound insulation; moreover, they form during the Production of a liquid-tight seal of the remaining in the cells 21 Cavity opposite the planking 16 so that it is in a further step it is possible to use the remaining within a completely created box layer preferably continuous cavity 29 by filling in a liquid, to fill (partly) hardening binding building material e.g. concrete. Preferably an approximately equally large concrete layer after each box layer filled and can then harden overnight, for example. Then one put on another box layer and again an approximately equally high concrete layer filled. However, the individual layers of concrete are preferably not up to the upper edge of the box in question, but only approximately up to it half height, so that the butt joints between two superimposed Concrete layers approximately in the middle between the horizontal butt joints 30 between two superimposed box layers. This will make the individual Box layers in the area of the cross bars 6 lying on top of each other completely surrounded by a single layer of concrete and therefore intimate with each other connected. In particular, two concrete layers lying one above the other can be intimately connected to each other in the filled, but still liquid Concrete reinforcement elements, e.g. iron bars or cages, are inserted after the concrete layer has hardened, protrude upwards from it and thus the Allow connection to the next layer.

So are the walls of a building to be built up to one Floor ceiling or pulled up to the roof structure, as is the case for the outer walls 8 is shown in dash-dotted lines, so before filling the top Concrete layer support beam 31 in the longitudinal direction of the boxes 1 through the remaining openings 32 of the stiffening frame 3, 4 pushed through.

These support beams 31 can preferably also consist of wood and are provided on their faces with interlocking grooves 33, so that they can be pushed together with their end areas overlapping. By positive locking here by means of vertical pins, bolts or screws 34 are connected to each other, there is a stable ring anchor 35 on the For example, a roof structure can be put on. More inclined to the thrust To be able to accommodate rafters, the ring anchor beams 31 can, for example blind holes on the underside are plugged onto vertical reinforcement bars 36, which creates a particularly intimate connection with the top concrete layer results. As an additional measure to catch the Rafters exerted pushing forces can additionally support the beams of the relevant floor ceiling are connected to the ring anchor 31.

In the described wet construction variant of the invention, before filling the Concrete on the inside 28 of the planking 16 vertical cables and / or Pipe shafts can be provided, or corresponding connections will be made after Completion of the building walls on plaster.

Dry construction can also be created according to the system according to the invention. The box embodiment 38 according to FIG. 10 is used for this. This differs from the box 1 according to Figures 1 to 4 only in that in the receiving pockets 26 instead of insulation plates or - elements 27 additional stiffening frame 37 are used. This Stiffening frames can be completely identical to each other. Their height corresponds the box 38 or one of its partial stiffening frame 8, and their Width extension should be as close as possible to the distance d between two Planking 16 correspond to vertical stiffening frames 3, 4, so that they are exact can be used to fit into the pockets 26. For this purpose it corresponds the perpendicular extension of the additional to its basic frame level Stiffening frame 37 is the exact distance between the guide beams 10, 14 to the Inside 28 to the planking 16. If this stiffening frame fits are worked, they do not have to with the remaining parts of such a box 38 be screwed. Your job is to cover the 16 Stabilization of the box 38 against shear forces in the Support planking level.

The frames 37 can operate on the same principle as the stiffening frames 3, 4 be formed from two superimposed layers. It is also conceivable as with the insulating bodies 27, the additional stiffening frame 37 to give double box height, so that the workload is reduced. In this case, an additional stabilization measure has proven useful proven, a diagonal element is integrated in the frame 37. By alternating orientation of these diagonal elements in different Spatial directions result in a zigzag structure of not visible from the outside Struts that give such a structure the highest level of stability, so that the filling of the remaining cavities 39 with a after curing load-bearing binding material is not required. Instead, isolating can be used here Substances are filled in, such as plastic or foam flakes, glass or Rock wool, but also powdery substances such as pearlite. A woolly one or pourable structure of a filled insulation material also facilitates this Pulling cables, pipes or the like into the remaining cavities 39.

Claims (10)

Process for the production of structures, characterized in that boxes (1; 38) and / or frames (3,4; 37) with identical or coordinated dimensions are prefabricated and placed on and next to one another on site in the manner of building blocks in such a way that they experience a mutual fixation that stabilizes the building by means of connections (10, 14, 18, 19) that are interlocking in approximately vertical direction. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inside (28) of a planking (16) of the boxes (1; 38) and / or frame (3,4; 37) a heat and / or sound insulation is attached, for example. in the form of styrofoam plates (27) or the like inserted between two stiffening frames in the vertical direction. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after the boxes (1) prepared in this way have been joined together, a hardening binding material, for example concrete, is poured into the cavities (29) which then communicate with one another. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that after the boxes (38) prepared in this way have been joined into the cavities (39) which then communicate with one another, a heat and / or sound-insulating substance, for example glass or rock wool, plastic flakes, pearlite, etc., is filled. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to form a support, for example for the roof structure and / or a floor ceiling, beams (31) are inserted into the mutually aligned recesses (32) of the stiffening frames (3, 4) placed one behind the other and, if necessary, one below the other be connected (34) to form a ring anchor (35). System for the production of structures according to the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by boxes (1; 38) and / or frames (3,4; 37) with identical or coordinated dimensions, which are arranged on site in the manner of building blocks. and can be placed next to each other in such a way that they are mutually stabilized by connections (10, 14, 18, 19) that are designed to engage in approximately vertical direction. System according to Claim 6, characterized in that guide elements (10, 14) projecting upwards and / or downwards are fixed on rectangular stiffening frames (3, 4) and / or boxes formed therefrom. System according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a prefabricated box (1; 38) has a square or rectangular base area with a width b corresponding to the later wall thickness and a length I, the aspect ratio b / l = x with x ≈ 1 , 2, 3, 4 ... Structure produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 5, using a system according to claim 6 or 7 and / or one System component according to claim 8, which by in approximately vertical direction interlocking connections (10,14,18,19) stacked boxes and / or frame undergoes stabilization. Building according to claim 9, characterized in that the communicating cavities (29; 39) formed by the boxes (1; 38) placed on and next to one another with a curing binding building material, for example concrete, or a heat or sound-insulating substance, for example. Rock or glass wool, plastic flakes, pearlite, is filled.

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