EP0784728B1 - Structural closure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural closure (19) consisting of a casement (2) and at least one wing which can pivot in the casement (2), having a frame in which is fitted a fireproof glass pane (15) or the like, in which the casement (2) and/or the frame consists of two aluminium sections (4, 5; 9, 10) secured together with the interposition of the fireproof glass pane (15) or the like. Despite the use of light metal, e.g. aluminium or the like, adequate temporary fire-resistance in the event of a fire in a structural closure (1) also having a bulkhead is obtained in that fireproof panels (6, 16) are fitted between the aluminium sections (4, 5; 9, 10) of the casement (2) and the frame and between the casement (2) and the wings, and between the frame and the fireproof glass pane (15) or the like fitted in the frame, there are components (21) which expand on heating which, on being heated, form a fireproof bridge between the fireproof components.

Description

The invention relates to a building closure consisting of a frame and at least one wing pivotally held in the frame, for example a Door leaf or a window sash that has a frame in which a fire-resistant fire protection glass pane, a sheet part with heat-insulating Interlayer or another, at least for a certain period of time fire-resistant insert is arranged, the frame and / or the frame two aluminum profiles or the like from here considered Fire protection area does not consist of fire-resistant materials Intermediate layer of the fire protection glass pane, the sheet part or the like are interconnected, and being between the profiles of the frame and / or the frame thermal separation elements, preferably Fire protection panels are arranged, being between the frame and the sash as well as between the frame and that used in the frame Fire protection glass, the sheet part or the like when heated expanding elements are arranged, which when heated a refractory Bridge between the fire-resistant components, namely the Form fire protection glass pane or the leaf part and the fire protection plates, the elements that expand when heated exert forces on the exert fire-resistant components which are substantially perpendicular to them Surface normals run so that after the frame and / or Frame profiles a cohesion of these components due to tension these components are given by means of the elements and where the Fire protection panels arranged between adjacent fasteners are what connect the profiles.

Building closures of this type are known from the prior art. For example, DE-PS 3 050 946 discloses a fire protection component for such Building closures, such as windows, doors or the like, which two Has aluminum profile strips, which via a thermal separating element load-bearing core are interconnected, being for the frame filling Retaining strips made of steel are provided, which are anchored to the core by means of screws are. Accordingly, a building closure is already known from this publication, which can be produced in particular from aluminum, the Aluminum can melt at least on the fire side without losing stability of the building closure is significantly impaired. The stability of this The building is then closed by the thermal separation elements and made the retaining strips. For this purpose, the thermal separation elements are included the holding strips and the holding strips with the frame filling, for example with connected to a fire protection glass pane. Disadvantage of this prior art Construction is, however, that a great deal of construction has to be done, since the retaining strips have to be connected to the separating elements. For this this known construction provides for the use of screws.

A building closure with the features mentioned above results from the EP 0 590 236.

Starting from this prior art, the object of the invention based on creating a generic building closure that at Exposure to fire despite the almost exclusive use of light metal, such as aluminum or the like or plastics a sufficient temporary Stability with simultaneous partitioning has, the construction of the Building closure should be as simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture should and with one-sided heating sufficient mobility of the two shells has, due to a relative movement of individual components to allow different extents.

This object is achieved in that the profiles together are connected that they are at least limited towards each other under fire or are movable away from each other to thermal stresses on one side Compensate for warming.

Between the frame and the sash and between the frame and that in the Frame used fire protection glass pane, the sheet part or the like expanding elements arranged when heated, which a when heated Refractory bridge between the refractory components, namely the Form fire protection glass pane or the leaf part and the fire protection plates, the elements that expand when heated exert forces on the exert fire-resistant components which are substantially perpendicular to them Surface normals run so that after the frame and / or Frame profiles a cohesion of these components due to tension these components are given by means of the elements.

As a result, in the event of a fire, the frame and sash or elements arranged between two casements of a double casement window such that the arranged in the frame of the frame and sash Fire protection panels over the elements that expand when heated are interconnected. The elements that expand when heated thus create a bridge between the fire protection panels or between one Fire protection plate and a fire protection glass pane, which is at Furthermore, heating-expanding elements in a manner known per se can also perform sealing functions, in that the entire gap between the frame and the sash or between two sashes one double-leaf window or a double-leaf door is sealed. At a Melting away of the profiles facing the fire side remains consequently there is a building closure that is sufficient temporary Stability with simultaneous partitioning. In addition, this is Building end construction designed such that a simple and therefore inexpensive manufacture of the building closure is possible without heat resistant thermal elements with holding strips for one Fire protection glass pane or a sheet part must be screwed.

The fire protection panels are between adjacent connecting elements arranged, which connect the profiles. Which changes when heated expansive elements are on the narrow sides of the fire protection panels and / or arranged on the thermal connecting elements. As a result are the profiles of the frame or frame with connecting elements connected to each other and on these connecting elements Heating expansion elements arranged so that when exposed to fire adjacent fire protection panels or fire protection glass panes or Sheet parts connected by means of the elements that expand when heated be that an essentially flat building closure is achieved. As a result, the force is exerted by those that expand when heated Elements on the fire protection panels or the fire protection glass pane or that Blade part essentially perpendicular to the surface normal of these components. By this introduction of force ensures stable clamping of the components.

The connecting elements are in particular not thermally conductive, preferably made of Plastic, especially made of polyamide, and formed at its ends dovetail-shaped and reach into corresponding ones Recesses in the profiles.

In a corresponding execution of a building closure with one in the wing in The fire protection glass pane held by the seals extends Fire protection glass over the seals in the frame, so that arranged in the frame, the element that expands when exposed to heat Fire protection glass pane encompasses on three sides. This is a safe fix the fire protection glass pane in the frame is achieved even when the frame melts on the fire side. The fire protection glass pane will fall out due to the three-sided clamping prevented.

The elements that expand when exposed to heat can both advantageously on the frame side as well as the wing side on both vertical sections and be arranged in the door frame area, so that by expanding the Elements of the fire protection glass pane or the sheet part and the fire protection plates loaded in essentially perpendicular directions of force are, in particular the advantage is achieved that these components on their Entire edge lengths are clamped in such a way that a twist of the Components are avoided, which may lead to leaks, in particular could lead to a smoke and gas seal.

Furthermore, the fire protection glass pane can heat up in the direction of its Extend surface normals. This will further increase the Bracing of the fire protection glass pane in those that expand when exposed to heat Achieved elements, thereby increasing the stability of the Building closure is achieved in the event of a fire.

To solve the problem it is provided that the profiles in such a way are interconnected that they are at least limited under fire can be moved towards or away from each other to thermal stresses to compensate for one-sided heating.

With such building closures, which are particularly suitable for Resist fire for a period of time, it is common to that these fire effects occur on only one side. This the source of the fire facing side of the building closure is therefore temporally before the Fire away from the side of the building heated so that between the side facing the source of the fire and the side of the source of the fire opposite side of the building closure a not insignificant temperature difference consists. However, this temperature difference causes the two Opposite profiles of the building closure expand differently, because the absolute expansion is ultimately a function the acting temperature. To go through the different dimensions of the two profiles resulting tension within the To avoid building closure, the invention therefore provides that the Profiles movable relative to each other, i. H. towards each other or are movably mounted away from each other. As a result, thermal Tensions can be balanced with one-sided heating. After one Another feature of the invention provides that at least one profile displaceable at least to a limited extent in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements is stored. As a result, the "floating" storage of at least one Profile due to a limited sliding arrangement of the Connecting element in this profile, so that the profile along the or the connecting elements to or from the opposite profile opposite profile is movable away.

It can also be provided that the connecting elements with one profile and the opposite arranged profile in the form of a shear stress loose connection are loosely attached. This configuration ensures maximum stability of the building closure with limited mobility the profiles to each other, in case one Exposure to fire.

Finally, according to another feature of the invention be provided that the connecting elements in cross section essentially V-shaped recesses in the Profiles are held, the recesses in their Cross-sectional shape essentially with the ends of the connecting elements match and in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements are open on both sides.

The connecting elements are essentially at their ends dovetail-shaped, so that the corresponding Recesses also in cross section are dovetail-shaped. Here is one Recess closed on one side so that it has the shape of a undercut groove. The one opposite this recess Recess is according to this feature of the invention open on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements educated. As a result, this recess has the shape of a Bore, the bore in cross section also dovetail-shaped is trained. That in this recess arranged connecting element is thus at least in one Direction limited sliding, so that the Profile with the open recesses along the connecting elements is held displaceably.

Figur 1

eine Schnittansicht eines Gebäudeabschlusses bestehend aus einer Zarge und einem Türblatt in Ausgangsposition;

Figur 2

den Gebäudeabschluß gemäß Figur 1 bei beginnender Brandeinwirkung;

Figur 3

den Gebäudeabschluß gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 bei fortgeschrittener Brandeinwirkung;

Figur 4

den Gebäudeabschluß gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 3 bei weiter fortgeschrittener Brandeinwirkung und

Figur 5

eine Detailansicht der Verbindung zwischen einem Verbindungselement und einem Aluminiumprofil gemäß dem Kreis V in Figur 1.

Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description, in which a preferred embodiment of the building closure according to the invention is shown. The drawing shows:

Figure 1

a sectional view of a building closure consisting of a frame and a door leaf in the starting position;

Figure 2

the building closure according to Figure 1 at the onset of fire;

Figure 3

the building closure according to Figures 1 and 2 in the event of advanced fire;

Figure 4

the building closure according to Figures 1 to 3 with more advanced fire and

Figure 5

a detailed view of the connection between a connecting element and an aluminum profile according to the circle V in Figure 1.

There is a building closure 1 shown in FIG. 1 from a frame 2 and a door leaf 3, the frame 2 fixed with a masonry of a building, not shown is connected and the door leaf 3 is pivotable about an axis of rotation is arranged on the frame 2.

The frame 2 has two oppositely arranged Aluminum profiles 4 and 5, which as box profiles with are essentially rectangular in cross section. There is a fire protection plate between the aluminum profiles 4 and 5 6 arranged, the fire protection plate 6 for example connected to the aluminum profiles 4 and 5 can be. In the illustrated embodiment are above between the two aluminum profiles 4 and 5 Connecting elements 7 arranged as plastic pins are made of polyamide, which are dovetail-shaped Have ends and in corresponding recesses 8 in engage the aluminum profiles 4 and 5. Such fasteners 7 consist accordingly of a non-thermally conductive Material and are over at regular intervals the entire longitudinal extent of the aluminum profiles 4 and 5 arranged so that the aluminum profiles 4 and 5, the fire protection plate 6 and the connecting elements 7 a fire protection component form, which in the present case as Frame 2 is formed.

But it is also conceivable that the connecting elements 7th are plate-shaped, so that the fire protection plate 6 covered on both sides by a continuous plate is.

The door leaf 3 also consists of aluminum profiles 9 and 10, which are also substantially box-shaped are essentially rectangular in cross section. It can be seen that the aluminum profile 10 on its the frame 2 facing away from a web 11 and that on the aluminum profile 9 a substantially L-shaped Profile bar 12 is fastened from aluminum, the longer leg 13 aligned with the web 11 is, the web 11 and the leg 13 at their free Each end have a seal 14, between which one Fire protection glass pane 15 is arranged.

The aluminum profiles 9 and 10 of the door leaf 3 are also connected to one another via connecting elements 7. In that between the aluminum profiles 9 and 10 and the opposite arranged connecting elements 7 formed A fire protection plate 16 is inserted into the cavity, the fire protection plate 16, as in the case of aluminum profiles 4 and 5 of the frame 2, with the aluminum profiles 9 and 10 connected, for example glued, can be.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 that between the frame 2 and the door leaf 3, d. H. between the aluminum profiles 4, 5 of the frame 2 and the aluminum profiles 9, 10 of the door leaf 3 there is a cavity 17, which in the present case Case by on the aluminum profiles 4 of the frame 2 and 9 of the Door leaf 3 arranged seals 18 is sealed.

Furthermore, between the leg 13 and the frame 2 facing away Ends of the aluminum profiles 9 and 10 of the door leaf 3 a cavity 19 is present. Protrudes into this cavity 19 the fire protection glass pane held between the seals 14 5 with their end 20 in such a way that both their Narrow side and both visible sides are free.

Elements 21 are arranged in the cavities 17 and 19, that expand when exposed to heat. These elements 21 are on the narrow sides of the fire protection panels 6 and 16 attached or lie on the connecting elements 7. But it is also conceivable that the elements 21 exclusively are arranged on the connecting elements 7 if these are designed as plate-shaped elements and the Narrow sides of the fire protection panels 6 or 16 completely cover. The elements 21 are in the present exemplary embodiment trained in such a way that they cover the entire area extend the vertical length of the frame 2 or the door leaf 3 and also in the door frame area, d. H. between the two vertical profiles of the frame 2 (in the head area) are present.

In Figure 2, the building closure 1 according to Figure 1 is beginning Exposure to fire, d. H. Heat exposure shown. It can be seen that those that expand when heated Elements 21 have expanded so that the cavities 17 and 19 essentially through the elements 21 are filled in, the elements 21 being a bridge between the fire protection plates 6, 16 or between the fire protection plate 16 and the fire protection glass panel 15. The Fire protection glass pane 15 is in the area of this End 20 of the expanding element 21 at their three free pages. The expanding elements 21 generate in the direction of the fire protection plates 6, 16 or 15 forces on the fire protection glass pane, so that this component to be tense with each other. At the time of in Figure 2 shown state is the construction of Frame 2 and door leaf 3 not yet affected by fire.

The aluminum profiles melt as the fire progresses 5 of the frame 2 and 9 of the door leaf 3 in addition, the connecting elements 7 burn partially, so that the building closure 1 now through the aluminum profiles 4 and 10 of the frame 2 and the door leaf 3, the fire protection panels 6 and 16 and the fire protection glass pane 15 and between the fire protection panels 6 and 16 and between the fire protection plate 16 and the fire protection glass pane 15 arranged elements 21 is formed. By the forces described above towards the Fire protection plates 6, 16 or the fire protection glass pane 15 a stable unity is formed, which over a certain Period withstands the effects of fire.

Finally, in Figure 4, the building 1 is further Fire exposure shown, being recognized is that the fire protection glass 15 in the direction of Has extended surface normals, so that thereby further increase in forces between element 21 and Fire protection glass pane 15 is effected. Otherwise exist the elements 21 from a swelling under the influence of heat Sodium silicate based material. For example such elements under the trademark "Palusol" available on the market. These elements have in their of Heat unaffected in any way in any way Way mechanical holding forces in the present Problem necessary size to transfer. As a result, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount of Insert elements 21 into the cavities 17 and 19, the leads to the expansion of this when exposed to fire Elements is so large that the cavities 17 and 19 at least in their direction of the fire protection panels 6, 16 and the Fire protection glass pane 15 as complete as possible of the cavities 17, 19 cause a tension built between the above components becomes.

The building closure 1 according to the present invention can therefore completely do without steel components, so that the building closure 1 only from the material components Aluminum and the material of the fire protection panels 6, 16 or the fire protection glass pane 15 is instructed. About that In addition, only elements 21 based on sodium silicate are left used.

It can be seen in FIG. 1 and in particular in FIG. that the connecting elements 7 in the aluminum profiles 4 and 10 are arranged in the recesses 8, the are formed in the form of an undercut groove. The dovetail ends of the connecting elements 7 are thus firmly clamped in these recesses, so that the connecting elements 7 have no degree of freedom in them Have recesses 8. On the opposite side of the Connecting elements 7 are the dovetail ends the connecting elements 7 arranged in recesses 8, that in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements 7 on both sides are open, the recesses in cross section corresponding to the dovetail ends of the Connecting elements 7 are formed. This on both sides Open recesses 8 are in the aluminum profiles 5 and 9 provided.

The connecting elements 7 are thus in the recesses 8 the aluminum profiles 5 and 9 stored such that they at least limited movement in the aluminum profiles 5 and 9 are attached. This allows the opposite Aluminum profiles 4 and 5 on the one hand and 9 and 10 on the other in the event of fire and the associated different extents at different distances aluminum profiles arranged on top of each other at the source of the fire be moved to or away from each other, so that the building 1 if exposed to fire for a long time has sufficient stability that one-sided Heating and the associated "bimetal effect" impaired could be.

The invention described above is not based on that illustrated exemplary embodiment limited. Rather you can for example, the connecting elements 7 another Have construction. In addition, from the embodiment different arrangements of the elements 21 possible.

Claims (4)

1. A structural closure consisting of a case and at least one wing pivotally supported in said case, for example a door leaf or a window leaf comprising a frame which has arranged therein a flameproof fire-protective glass pane, a leaf part with an insulating intermediate layer, or a different inset which is fire-resistant at least over a particular period of time, wherein said case and/or frame consist of two aluminium profiles or similar materials which are not fire-resistant in this considered field of fire protection and which are connected to each other under the interposition of the fire-protective glass pane, the leaf part or the like, and wherein between the profiles (4, 5; 9, 10) of the case (2) and/or the frame thermal partition members, preferably fire-protective plates (6, 16) are arranged, wherein thermally expanding members (21) are arranged between the case (2) and the wing as well as between the frame and the fire-protective glass pane (15) inserted in the frame, the leaf part or the like, said members upon heating forming a fireproof bridge between the fire-resistant components, i.e. the fire-protective glass pane (15) or the leaf part and the fire-protective plates (6, 16), wherein said thermally expanding members (21) exert forces on the fire-resistant components (6, 16) which run substantially vertically to the surface normals thereof, so that after melting of the case and/or frame profiles a cohesion among these components (6, 15, 16) is given due to a bracing of these components (6, 15, 16) by means of the members (21), and wherein the fire-protective plates (6, 16) are disposed between adjacent connecting members (7) which connect the profiles (4, 5, 9, 10),
   characterized in
   that the profiles (4, 5, 9, 10) are connected to each other in such a manner that the same are, under the influence of fire, movable toward each other or away from each other at least to limited extent in order to compensate for thermal stress in the case of unbalanced heating.
2. Structural closure according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that at least one profile (4, 5, 9, 10) is supported in such a manner as to be slideable at least to a limited extent in the longitudinal direction of the connecting members (7).
3. Structural closure according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the connecting members (7) are rigidly connected to one profile (4, 10) and are coupled loosely to the respective opposing profile (5, 9), in the form of a connection which is loose for shearing stress.
4. Structural closure according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the connecting members (7) are held in the profiles (5, 9) within grooves (8) that substantially are V-shaped in cross-section, wherein said grooves (8) substantially correspond in their cross-sectional shape with the ends of the connecting members (7) and are formed to be open on both sides in the longitudinal direction of said connecting members (7).

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