EP0541884B1 - Permanent way with intermediate pad - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a track superstructure Rails for rail vehicles, the Rails detachable with fasteners with support plates are connected and between the rail foot and support plate an intermediate plate is arranged.

The track superstructure is subject to ever higher mechanical loads on the one hand to the higher increasing axle pressure of the vehicles and to those that have been rising particularly recently Speeds. So are cruising speeds for Passenger trains of 200 and more km / h already in many places realized and also speeds for freight trains with 120 km / h also introduced. With this double One must increase the load on the track superstructure particularly safe and durable construction selected will. Furthermore, the lifespan of a Track superstructure to ensure a certain, albeit there may be slight vertical mobility, d. H. below the rail must be an elastically deformable Body be arranged. This rubber-elastic deformable The body also has the task of forwarding the To weaken structure-borne noise from the rail to the superstructure. Out AT-B-387.249 is one such elastomer Intermediate plate known over the entire surface distributed, openings or blind holes that should make up a certain minimum volume. Thereby particularly high sound insulation should be achieved.

With rails it happens now, and not only with Loads in curves, to roll movements, d. H. of the The rail head moves once to the left and once to the side right, which on the one hand leads to additional burdens on the Track superstructure comes and on the other hand the wheels of the rail vehicle, and here especially the towing vehicle Vibrations in the acoustic range are excited.

It also belongs to the state of the art that the central area is a Base plate made of elastic material under the Rail foot a constant higher resistance against Deformation than has at its edge area. Such Base plates are for example DE-B1-2 006 071 or DE A1-2 032 915.

GB-A-2 152 119 describes a threshold which Detachably attached rails. Between threshold and Rail is an intermediate plate for electrical and dynamic Isolation of the rail from the threshold is provided. The Task in this patent application is that the life of such an intermediate plate can be increased should. Furthermore, it should be avoided that one too compliant Intermediate plate the rail from its seat on the threshold high stress is pushed out. To the lifespan too increase the lateral mobility of the intermediate plate which goal should be achieved through recesses. The volume of these recesses can be so large that a middle area is present, which has no material. In any case, the intermediate plate should be designed so that the Edge areas which have no recesses or grooves, with at least a 20 mm area of the intermediate plate come to rest below the rail foot.

British patent application 2 154 635 also relates to a threshold with releasably attached rails, being between Rail base and threshold an intermediate plate with recesses is arranged. The task is also here, the lifespan to increase the intermediate plate. The intermediate plate has one middle area, which has recesses or grooves, whereby the stability should also be increased by the same. Although not literally in this patent application is how big the central recess should be can from the pictorial representations are recognized that the rail foot also as in the other British patent application on the central Area extends and thus the central area with Recesses and probably less deformation themselves does not extend over the entire area of the foot of the rail.

The present invention has set itself the task of To create track superstructure that also with good sound-conducting Materialicn, such as concrete and steel, allowed Forwarding of structure-borne noise from the rail to the track superstructure dampen, a mobility of the rail in the vertical direction allowed and at the same time a rolling movement of the rails largely prevented.

The track superstructure according to the invention with rails for ski bound Vehicles, the rails with fasteners releasable, e.g. B. via screws and clamps, with support plates, e.g. B. concrete slabs, steel sleepers, prestressed concrete sleepers, are connected, and between the rail foot and support plate at least one elastically deformable, in particular plane-parallel, Intermediate plate is provided, which can be laterally extends over the screws, the intermediate plate in essentially extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail Areas of different rubber-elastic deformability and a middle area, which is the normal projection of the rail head includes, transverse to the longitudinal direction of the rail seen, is provided, which is a larger rubber elastic Has deformability than the subsequent outer areas, consists essentially in the fact that the middle area of the Normal projection of the rail foot corresponds and in particular an essentially constant rubber-elastic deformability having.

A particularly good power distribution and thus also a high one The service life of the track superstructure and good damping result then when the outer areas, transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail seen one from the middle area, especially linear, have decreasing rubber-elastic deformability.

The different rubber-elastic deformability can particularly easy and targeted due to material weakening be educated.

Have the recesses forming the material weaknesses in the middle area a larger volume than the recesses in the outer areas, so maintaining one certain shape of the material weakening the different rubber-elastic deformability are obtained, wherein in there is also an analogous suspension behavior of the areas.

If the material weakening is formed by blind holes, on the one hand, the overall structure of the intermediate plate least disturbed and on the other hand is an intrusion of contaminants such as sand and the like. Like, in the Rail fastening construction avoided.

Are the material weaknesses due to grooves that preferably zigzag or meandering run, formed, so on the one hand in itself narrower design of the grooves in terms of volume Material weakening may be provided, at the same time further transport of contaminants in the grooves due to the constantly changing direction of the grooves can be easily avoided.

In special cases, the areas can be different rubber-elastic deformability from different Materials exist. For example, a strand be extruded in the mouth of an extruder several strands of an analog material, however differently cross-linked material, put together will.

Is the intermediate plate with at least two partial plates different rubber-elastic deformability built up, which remains constant in the middle area Thick and starting from this outer areas especially wedge-shaped increasing thickness of the harder Material and with decreasing, especially wedge-shaped decreasing, thickness of the softer material, so such intermediate plates can be particularly simple, for example by extrusion the suspension behavior only by the Thickness ratio of the middle to the outer areas can be adjusted.

To increase the lifespan of these sub-panels, you can these connected to each other, e.g. B. glued or vulcanized, and together a plane-parallel plate form. This measure prevents between the individual plates a mutual dynamic Displacement takes place, which generates heat that a could cause premature destruction of the plates and it also prevents impurities from entering the Separation joints occur and also a premature one Destruction of the plates.

The intermediate plate essentially does not have one stretchable layer that runs parallel to the rail foot is oriented, the obstacle to the swaying movement of the Supported rail still particularly favorable in that Changes in suspension behavior due to the change in length can be avoided.

The essentially inextensible layer can be covered with a tissue embedded in the material of the intermediate plate, in particular steel mesh, be formed, due to the particularly sophisticated technology like it for example with handrails for escalators, Vehicle tires and. Like. was developed, a special easy adaptation of the production process allowed and further the life of such an intermediate plate can be increased particularly easily.

Consists of the essentially inextensible layer a steel plate connected to the intermediate plate, e.g. B. is glued or vulcanized, so is one hand a particularly simple assembly possible, wherein Changes in length during a load are particularly favorable can be avoided.

If the intermediate plate is made of a foam, whose density is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the rail outside, especially continuously, increases Get intermediate plate that is particularly accurate in your Suspension behavior can be set as it for example, is only required when Manufacturing process, for example in extrusion, of such a profile the individual areas different amounts of pore-forming material, for example, to add fluorocarbons.

In the following the invention with reference to the drawings explained in more detail.

Fig. 1

einen erfindungsgemäßen Gleisoberbau im Schnitt,

Fig. 2

eine Zwischenplatte in Sicht von oben,

Fig. 3 und 4

die Ansicht von Zwischenplatten von unten,

Fig. 5

eine Zwischenplatte im Querschnitt,

Fig. 6

eine Zwischenplatte in der Ansicht von vorne und

Fig. 7

ein Diagramm über die gummielastische Verformbarkeit.

Show it:

Fig. 1

an average track superstructure according to the invention,

Fig. 2

an intermediate plate seen from above,

3 and 4

the view of intermediate plates from below,

Fig. 5

an intermediate plate in cross section,

Fig. 6

an intermediate plate in the view from the front and

Fig. 7

a diagram of the rubber-elastic deformability.

1 shown track superstructure according to the invention in Section has a rail 1 with head 2 and foot 3. Of the Rail foot 3 rests on an intermediate layer 4, one Angle guide plate 5 and an intermediate plate 6 on the Support plate 7 made of reinforced concrete. The attachment takes place via the tension clamp 8, which is screw 9 is held down by the dowel 10 in the Support plate is screwed in. The intermediate layer 4 exists from a thin rubber-elastic layer, the is plane parallel and a completely homogeneous Behavior. The angle guide plates are out a rigid material formed by cooperating the wedge-shaped parts 11 with appropriately trained Troughs 12 in the support plate a lateral migration of the Rails, for example in curves, can be prevented should.

The intermediate plate 6 shown in Fig. 2 in plan view has a length of 30 cm, width of 17 cm and height of 10 mm on. As can clearly be seen, there are two oblong holes 13 provided by which the screws 9 in the Assembly.

In the intermediate plate 6 shown in Fig. 3, at which the openings 13 for the sake of clarity a central area 14 is provided, which is delimited by two dashed lines, from the two outer areas 15, is bordered. The middle one Area 14 has material weaknesses in the form of grooves 16 which run in a zigzag shape with a uniform depth. These grooves 16 are each not over the edges, so that the ingress of contaminants such as sand or the like, is safely avoidable. In the outer areas 15 gradually increases the volume of the weakened material by reducing the overall course of the grooves. A Similar behavior can also be achieved in that not the overall course is reduced, but only the depth of the grooves is varied, which also causes that Volume of material weakening in the middle area can be kept larger than in the two Marginal areas. Instead of zigzag or meandering grooves can, for example production-related reasons also in the transverse direction Intermediate plate straight grooves be provided, such a product particularly can be easily obtained by extrusion of a strand can, which is then only cut to length and with appropriate Oblong holes must be provided.

4 are the Material weaknesses formed by blind holes 17 and 18. The central area 14 has regularly distributed Blind holes 17 of uniform size and depth. The outer areas 15 have blind holes different Size, with the blind holes 17 'the same volume as those of the central region 14, whereas the Blind holes 18 have a smaller volume. By different diameters of the blind holes and also the quantitative distribution can be a specifically desired rubber-elastic deformability can be achieved. If it if desired, the blind holes can also cover the entire Plate be evenly distributed, in which case the depth of the same with the same diameter to the outside decreasing in the two outer areas 15 design, and in the middle area the blind holes have a uniform depth.

The intermediate plate 6 shown in section in FIG. 5 is constructed with two partial plates 19, 20, the middle area 21 again by dashed lines Lines vis-à-vis the outer areas 22 is shown delimited. In the plate 20 is a Steel mesh 23 embedded. The sub-plate 20 has one greater shore hardness than plate 19. The middle one Area 21 of both sub-plates is made plane-parallel and accordingly has a uniform rubber-elastic deformability, whereas the Both outer regions 22 are formed so that the Partial plate 20 with greater Shore hardness one to the outside has a wedge-shaped increasing thickness, whereas the outer areas 22 of a softer material existing partial plate 19 to the outside a decreasing Have thickness. The two partial plates are together connected via an adhesive adhesive layer.

In the intermediate plate 6 shown in Fig. 6 is on a steel plate 24 is a foamed material vulcanized, the different rubber elastic Deformability due to the different proportion of pores in Elastomeric material is reached.

As can be seen particularly clearly in the illustrations the middle area 14, 21 equal in area to that Rail foot 3 formed, which is larger than that Normal projection of the rail head is, in which assembled state of the central area 14, 21 below of the rail foot 3 comes to rest.

The intermediate plate can be made of rubber, natural rubber, polyurethane or the like.

The diagram shown in Fig. 7 became as follows received: The intermediate plates with a dimension of 300 x 170 x 100 mm were each with a Debit stamp with a width of 15 mm, parallel was oriented towards the side edge of the intermediate plate, gradually from one side edge to the other Side edge loaded, the force measured in each case that was required to be a rubber elastic Deformation of the area to 50% of the original thickness to reach. As can be seen, the force is for one such deformation is required from the outer edges of the two outer areas b to the middle area a continuously decreasing, whereas one uniform deformability in the middle area is.

Another way to determine the course of the Elastic deformability is that a uniform force is provided, the respective Decrease in the thickness of the rubber-elastic material determined can be. The installation of such intermediate plates in Test runs have shown that rolling movements of the Rails can be avoided better than at uniformly formed intermediate plates, whereby at the same time a decrease in the noise emission of the Driving wheels from a rail-bound vehicle could be determined.

As materials for the rubber-elastic material of the The intermediate plate can, for example, be rubber, natural rubber, Polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene or the like. plasticized, foamed, differently cross-linked or the like.

Claims (13)

1. Track bed with rails (1) for rail vehicles, whereby the rails are connected detachably by fastening means, e.g. screws (9) and retaining clips (8), to supporting slabs (7), e.g. concrete supporting slabs, steel sleepers, pre-stressed concrete sleepers, and at least one elastically deformable, in particular plane parallel intermediate pad (6) is provided between rail flange (3) and supporting slab (7) and when necessary extends laterally beyond the screws (9), whereby the intermediate pad (6) essentially exhibits portions (14, 15, 21, 22) of different elastic deformability extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rails, and a central portion (14, 21) is provided which embraces the normal projection of the rail flange (2), viewed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails, and which exhibits a greater elastic deformability than the adjoining outer portions (15, 22), characterised in that the central portion (14, 21) corresponds to the normal projection of the rail flange (3) and in particular exhibits an essentially constant elastic deformability.
2. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer portions (15, 22), viewed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails, exhibit an elastic deformability which declines, in particular linearly, from the central portion (14, 21).
3. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the different elastic deformability is formed by material weakenings (16, 17, 18).
4. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to claim 3, characterised in that in the central portion (14, 21) the recesses forming the material weakenings (16, 17) exhibit a greater volume than the recesses in the outer portions (15, 22).
5. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the material weakenings are formed by blind holes (17, 17', 18).
6. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterised in that the material weakenings are formed by slots (16) which preferably run in a zigzag or meandering pattern.
7. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the portions of different elastic deformability consist of different materials.
8. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the intermediate pad (6) is formed of at least two part pads (19, 20) with different elastic deformability which exhibit a constant thickness in the central portion (21), and outer portions (22) running from the latter with the harder material increasing in thickness, in particular in the form of a wedge, and with the softer material decreasing in thickness, in particular in the form of a wedge.
9. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to claim 8, characterised in that the part pads (19, 20) are connected together, e.g. glued, vulcanised or the like, and form a plane parallel pad.
10. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the intermediate pad (6) exhibits a layer (23, 24) which is essentially unextenting and oriented parallel to the rail flange.
11. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to claim 10, characterised in that the essentially unextending layer is formed of a woven fabric, in particular a steel woven fabric (23), embedded in the material of the intermediate pad.
12. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the essentially unextending layer consists of a steel plate (24) which is connected, e.g. glued or vulcanised, to the intermediate pad.
13. Track bed with an intermediate pad according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the intermediate pad (6) is constructed of a foam material the density of which increases, in particular continuously, transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails from the inside outwards.

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