EP0450883A2 - Elektroplattierter Rohling für Münzen, Medaillons, Wertmarken oder Plaketten - Google Patents
Elektroplattierter Rohling für Münzen, Medaillons, Wertmarken oder Plaketten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0450883A2 EP0450883A2 EP91302796A EP91302796A EP0450883A2 EP 0450883 A2 EP0450883 A2 EP 0450883A2 EP 91302796 A EP91302796 A EP 91302796A EP 91302796 A EP91302796 A EP 91302796A EP 0450883 A2 EP0450883 A2 EP 0450883A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- blank
- copper
- electroplated
- coin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical class [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C21/00—Coins; Emergency money; Beer or gambling coins or tokens, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/005—Jewels; Clockworks; Coins
Definitions
- This invention relates to metal alloy coins, medallions or tokens and to blanks used for the production of coins, medallions or tokens. More particularly, this invention relates to said coins, blanks and medallions and to blanks for the production thereof having improved wear resistance compared to copper coins while maintaining a cupric lustre and appearance.
- aureate coin and coin blanks having an electroplated coating on a metal core, the coating containing about 8 to 16%, preferably about 11 to 14%, by weight tin, the balance copper.
- the coating thickness on the core faces is about 10 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably about 30 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the coins and blanks have a golden appearance and are suitable for replacement of gold coins.
- coin and coin blanks comprising a low tin bronze alloy bonded to a metallic core, the bronze alloy having a fine grain structure which provides good corrosion and wear resistance.
- the tin-copper (bronze) alloy used is believed to provide better protection to the core than pure copper due to a weaker galvanic corrosion couple between the metals and due to a more dense electrodeposit.
- an electroplated coin blank capable of having an insignia minted on at least one face, comprising: a core blank of a first metallic material, preferably steel, said core blank having at least one face impressionable by a mint die, and an electroplated coating of a second metallic material encasing said core blank and providing a surface thickness on at least said impressionable face of from about 5 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, said second metallic material having a tin content of at least about 0.5% but less than 8.0% by weight, preferably in the range 2% up to but not including 8%, and most preferably about 2.0% with the balance being copper and incidental impurities.
- the term "coin” used herein in the specification and claims is intended to include coins, medallions and tokens and blanks therefor.
- the metallic material of the core blank is exemplified in the following examples as low carbon steel, it will be understood that the metallic core material may for example comprise iron, low carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel, nickel-plated steel, zinc, or alloys of zinc, copper or various alloys of copper containing zinc and/or nickel and/or tin, and aluminium or aluminium alloys suitable pretreated.
- the core may be advantageously annealed before or after plating, to give the blank with electroplated coating a satisfactory low hardness for minting.
- Annealing after electroplating is also advantageous in that it can be used to create a metallurgical bond by interdiffusion between the electroplated low tin copper coating and the core material.
- the electroplated blank is preferably annealed prior to minting by heating in a reducing atmosphere, e.g. in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas for up to 15 minutes at about 700°C.
- the annealing before plating can be omitted.
- the core may be burnished before or after annealing, in order to give the electroplated block a satisfactory lustre.
- a bath of tinned coinage blanks made of low carbon steel and weighing 949 grams was loaded into a perforated, rotatable, horizontal plating barrel having a length of 15 cm and a diameter of 10 cm.
- the barrel was first passed through a cleaning cycle consisting of sequential washes in a 10% detergent solution, cold water, 10% hydrochloric acid, and a second cold water wash.
- the blanks were then immersed in an alkaline cyanide bronze plating bath containing copper, tin, potassium hydroxide and potassium cyanide.
- a current of 15 amps was applied to the bath for approximately 1.8 hours while the temperature of the bath was maintained between about 55°C and 60°C.
- the coinage blanks were annealed in a reducing atmosphere at 700°C for 15 minutes in the presence of hydrogen.
- the coinage blanks were found to have an electrodeposit thickness of bronze on their faces of approximately 0.021 ⁇ m, and around their rims of approximately 0.030 ⁇ m.
- Such coatings were found to be metallurgically bonded to the steel blanks and had a finer grain deposit and provided improved corrosion and wear resistance compared to pure copper similarly bonded.
- B-B-S Bronze bonded steel
- C-B-S copper bonded steel
- C-B-S Canadian one cent coin blanks for corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
- the coin blanks were immersed in a 2% NaCl bath for the corrosion test and tumbled in a rotating drum for the wear test.
- Black rust spots were found only on the copper bonded steel samples. All rust spots were smaller than 1 mm in size.
- a rotating drum wear test was carried out on 16 samples of each blank type.
- samples were tumbled in a rotating cylinder having a cloth lining backed by rubber, a hump on the circumference to tumble the pieces each revolution, and a loading hole on one side.
- pieces were weighed, dipped in synthetic sweat solution, sealed into the cylinder and rotated, with the test cycle being repeated at 100 hour intervals.
- the cumulative average surface thickness loss for the samples as a function of test duration up to 300 hours is shown in Figure 2.
- the bronze bonded steel samples showed better wear resistance than the copper bonded steel blanks and Canadian one cent samples, while the latter two sample types had similar wear resistance over the 300 hour test period.
- the steel core blanks were sufficiently soft to take a clear impression from a mint die without causing undue wear on such dies.
- the electrodeposited alloy coating exhibited sufficient surface hardness that the insignia minted thereon was not worn away after prolonged wear testing.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Freezers Or Refrigerated Showcases (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002013639A CA2013639C (en) | 1990-04-02 | 1990-04-02 | Electroplated blank for coins, medallions and tokens |
| CA2013639 | 1990-04-02 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0450883A2 true EP0450883A2 (de) | 1991-10-09 |
| EP0450883A3 EP0450883A3 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
| EP0450883B1 EP0450883B1 (de) | 1996-05-22 |
Family
ID=4144644
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91302796A Expired - Lifetime EP0450883B1 (de) | 1990-04-02 | 1991-03-28 | Elektroplattierter Rohling für Münzen, Medaillons, Wertmarken oder Plaketten |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0450883B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2826201B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR0139222B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE138426T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU651338B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2013639C (de) |
| CZ (1) | CZ281782B6 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69119641T2 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI911535A (de) |
| PL (2) | PL167438B1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2091236C1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA912174B (de) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4217778A1 (de) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-02 | Deutsche Nickel Ag | Verwendung einer Kupferbasislegierung als Münzwerkstoff |
| GB2245283B (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1994-12-14 | Canadian Mint | Coins coated with nickel, copper and nickel and process for making such coins |
| US6041625A (en) * | 1996-07-05 | 2000-03-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Washing machine with direct drive mechanism for rotatable tub and agitator |
| US7296370B2 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2007-11-20 | Jarden Zinc Products, Inc. | Electroplated metals with silvery-white appearance and method of making |
| WO2013127405A1 (de) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-06 | Saxonia Eurocoin Gmbh | Münzrohling (coin blank) und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| US9540735B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2017-01-10 | Royal Canadian Mint | Zincating aluminum |
| WO2019113219A1 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | Esco Group Llc | Wear part and method of making the same |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6656606B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2003-12-02 | The Westaim Corporation | Electroplated aluminum parts and process of production |
| KR100807847B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-23 | 2008-02-27 | 한국조폐공사 | 주화용 적층 클래드판 및 그 제조방법 |
| AU2009202339C1 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2012-03-22 | Monnaie Royale Canadienne/ Royal Canadian Mint | Control of electromagnetic signals of coins by multi-ply plating technology |
| CA2820745A1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Royal Canadian Mint | Method to produce golden bronze by diffusion of tin into copper under controlled conditions |
| WO2013109870A1 (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-07-25 | Jarden Zinc Products, LLC | Silvery- white material for use in coinage and token applications |
| JP6189966B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-08 | 2017-09-06 | モネ ロワイヤル カナディエンヌ／ロイヤル カナディアン ミントＭｏｎｎａｉｅ Ｒｏｙａｌｅ Ｃａｎａｄｉｅｎｎｅ／Ｒｏｙａｌ Ｃａｎａｄｉａｎ Ｍｉｎｔ | 制御された条件下における錫と銅との相互拡散による金色の青銅のための改良された技法 |
| RU2537689C1 (ru) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-01-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Сплав для изготовления монет |
| KR101877483B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-07-12 | 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 | 금속 박막을 이용한 이종 귀금속의 접합 방법 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR743797A (de) * | 1931-10-19 | 1933-04-06 | ||
| EP0065322A1 (de) * | 1981-04-23 | 1982-11-24 | Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke Ag | Goldfarbener Münzwerkstoff |
| WO1984003522A1 (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1984-09-13 | Imi Kynoch Plc | Alloy for coins and the like |
| EP0163419A2 (de) * | 1984-05-01 | 1985-12-04 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited | Goldene Münzen, Medaillons und Spielmarken und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
-
1990
- 1990-04-02 CA CA002013639A patent/CA2013639C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-22 ZA ZA912174A patent/ZA912174B/xx unknown
- 1991-03-26 CZ CS91802A patent/CZ281782B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-28 DE DE69119641T patent/DE69119641T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-28 AT AT91302796T patent/ATE138426T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-28 EP EP91302796A patent/EP0450883B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-28 FI FI911535A patent/FI911535A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-03-29 PL PL91302291A patent/PL167438B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-29 PL PL91289677A patent/PL166521B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-01 JP JP3096391A patent/JP2826201B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-01 RU SU4895147/02A patent/RU2091236C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-02 KR KR1019910005298A patent/KR0139222B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-02 AU AU73949/91A patent/AU651338B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR743797A (de) * | 1931-10-19 | 1933-04-06 | ||
| EP0065322A1 (de) * | 1981-04-23 | 1982-11-24 | Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke Ag | Goldfarbener Münzwerkstoff |
| WO1984003522A1 (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1984-09-13 | Imi Kynoch Plc | Alloy for coins and the like |
| EP0163419A2 (de) * | 1984-05-01 | 1985-12-04 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited | Goldene Münzen, Medaillons und Spielmarken und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2245283B (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1994-12-14 | Canadian Mint | Coins coated with nickel, copper and nickel and process for making such coins |
| DE4217778A1 (de) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-02 | Deutsche Nickel Ag | Verwendung einer Kupferbasislegierung als Münzwerkstoff |
| US6041625A (en) * | 1996-07-05 | 2000-03-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Washing machine with direct drive mechanism for rotatable tub and agitator |
| US7296370B2 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2007-11-20 | Jarden Zinc Products, Inc. | Electroplated metals with silvery-white appearance and method of making |
| US9540735B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2017-01-10 | Royal Canadian Mint | Zincating aluminum |
| WO2013127405A1 (de) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-06 | Saxonia Eurocoin Gmbh | Münzrohling (coin blank) und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| WO2019113219A1 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | Esco Group Llc | Wear part and method of making the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI911535A0 (fi) | 1991-03-28 |
| ZA912174B (en) | 1991-12-24 |
| CS9100802A2 (en) | 1991-11-12 |
| AU7394991A (en) | 1991-10-03 |
| PL166521B1 (pl) | 1995-05-31 |
| EP0450883B1 (de) | 1996-05-22 |
| PL289677A1 (en) | 1991-12-02 |
| DE69119641D1 (de) | 1996-06-27 |
| CA2013639A1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
| CZ281782B6 (cs) | 1997-01-15 |
| DE69119641T2 (de) | 1996-09-26 |
| EP0450883A3 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
| AU651338B2 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
| CA2013639C (en) | 1998-06-23 |
| JPH0688289A (ja) | 1994-03-29 |
| JP2826201B2 (ja) | 1998-11-18 |
| KR910017986A (ko) | 1991-11-30 |
| FI911535A (fi) | 1991-10-03 |
| PL167438B1 (pl) | 1995-09-30 |
| RU2091236C1 (ru) | 1997-09-27 |
| ATE138426T1 (de) | 1996-06-15 |
| KR0139222B1 (ko) | 1998-05-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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