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EP0330671B1 - Insulating board containing natural fibres, process and device for its production - Google Patents

Insulating board containing natural fibres, process and device for its production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0330671B1
EP0330671B1 EP19870907930 EP87907930A EP0330671B1 EP 0330671 B1 EP0330671 B1 EP 0330671B1 EP 19870907930 EP19870907930 EP 19870907930 EP 87907930 A EP87907930 A EP 87907930A EP 0330671 B1 EP0330671 B1 EP 0330671B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
glue
fibres
mixture
possibly
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP19870907930
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0330671A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Welteke
Claus R. Szypura
Reinhard Welteke
Gottfried Erb
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Individual
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Priority to AT87907930T priority Critical patent/ATE84588T1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31993Of paper

Definitions

  • the present invention consists in a thermal insulation board made of ground paper in a mixture with natural fibers such as jute or the like.
  • a thermal insulation panel of the same type is e.g. described in patent application DE-A-35 45 001. Then paper is separated into the individual cellulose fibers by grinding until a woolly state is reached and mixed with vegetable or animal fibers with a length of 2-10 cm. The connection of the fibers is brought about by glue, to which fire-retardant or rot-preventing substances have also been added, by pressing the mixture in a mold and solidifying it with superheated steam and then drying it.
  • thermal insulation boards have at most insignificant proportions of synthetic chemicals, they are therefore particularly environmentally friendly and meet modern building biological requirements.
  • a major problem in the manufacture of such panels is the previously unavoidable inhomogeneities in the end product, which on the one hand impair the mechanical strength and on the other hand also cause the bond to break up during storage and transport.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve such thermal insulation boards, in particular to increase their mechanical strength, to bind the fibers in a more durable manner and to provide a method and an apparatus therefor with the aid of which such boards can be produced.
  • the thermal insulation board according to the invention is obtained from a mixture of shredded and with putrefactive additives, such as preferably borates, pretreated newspaper or the like, paper free of surface coatings or fillers and natural fibers, and glues and / or reaction aids, characterized in that the shredded paper in Flakes of 1-5 mm edge length are present and the natural fibers have a length of 5-100 mm.
  • putrefactive additives such as preferably borates, pretreated newspaper or the like, paper free of surface coatings or fillers and natural fibers, and glues and / or reaction aids
  • the nature of the natural fibers to be used is largely uncritical with regard to their nature, in particular jute, sisal, cotton, coconut, flax, those made from recycling or waste material from spinning mills or processed material made from straw or wood or animal hair, such as preferably wool, preferably one Length from 5 to 100 mm.
  • Balsam resins such as rosin, starch or lignin glue, rubber or else cement, gypsum, aluminum sulfate and water glass are preferably used as glues and reaction aids.
  • the plates can be produced in such a way that the substances are mixed and loosened, placed in a mold, compressed to the desired density and treated with hot air and / or superheated steam and dried.
  • the lignin components contained in the paper are activated and used as binders.
  • a particularly effective method according to the invention consists in first premixing paper flakes and fibers, blowing the mixture into a mixing vessel and adding glue or glue and reaction aids, if necessary in the form of an aqueous solution, in countercurrent, then loosening the mixture, in free case in introduces and compresses a molding station and then treats and dries it with hot air or hot air and steam.
  • the glues and optionally reaction aids can be injected into the flake and fiber stream in powder form, in molten form or as an aqueous solution and essentially settle on the surfaces of the particles.
  • the desired orientation of the fibers and the interlocking or matting of the fibers and flakes are achieved by compacting onto plate form, which improve the bond and reduce the need for glue.
  • the compacted mass is then treated with hot air or hot air and steam, causing the glue components to flow and then set.
  • the mixture then collected and loosened again mechanically can be treated with superheated steam (or hot air if the moisture inherent in the fibers is sufficient) during the free fall into the forming station to stretch and swell the fiber components, depending on the nature of this, what is obtained Product can improve.
  • the loosening and separation of the components before they are introduced into the mold is of major importance. It is therefore further proposed to collect (continuously) the mixture of the components produced by countercurrent in a container provided with a loosening mixing element, to discharge it into a chute with the aid of a lock, preferably a cellular wheel lock, and to mix and loosen the mixture there again.
  • a lock preferably a cellular wheel lock
  • the "setting" of the plates takes place under mechanical pressure, whereby hot steam or hot air or both, depending on the moisture available and required for the activation of the glues used, is passed through the press material under excess pressure and then dried, which e.g. can be done by passing dry air through, which can also be sucked through to generate a negative pressure and to accelerate evaporation.
  • the process can be varied during filling in such a way that different mixtures are produced in separate mixing devices and these are successively layered on top of one another and then pressed.
  • the outer layer can have higher proportions of glue and paper in order to make them smoother or to cover them with the aid of the glue, or, depending on the application, also increasingly contain longer or shorter fiber proportions.
  • the material trickling out of the chute be placed on a (perforated) conveyor belt to which an upper belt (top belt) is assigned.
  • the latter has an inclined feed area that narrows in the direction of transport, which lowers to the desired level of the plate thickness and runs into the hot steam and / or hot air supply and the drying station.
  • the product to be compacted also be guided laterally, for example by its own belts.
  • the device according to the invention consists of a cyclone with an upper tangential feed of the fiber / flake mixture and approximately opposite flow of the glue components. This mixture rotates peripherally and reaches the bottom of the cyclone, where it is collected and monitored by a level indicator. Filter bags are provided on the head side for dedusting.
  • Rotating comb tine shafts are arranged in the collecting area, underneath there is a rotary valve which doses the material onto another mixing element, whereby it can be steamed if necessary. Below the latter mixing element there is a chute and below this the filling station, with stripping shafts being provided at the outlet.
  • the cyclone 1 has two mutually directed, approximately tangential material inputs, the feed 2 for the premixing of paper flakes and natural fibers.
  • This premix contains the essential substances, ie, in addition to the fibers and paper flakes, for example also the putrefactive substances which can be added to the paper during grinding.
  • the glue is blown into the rotating mixture in powder form or as a melt or in aqueous solution.
  • the storage container 4 with mixer 5 and the metering container 6 with screw discharge 7 are used to produce the glue.
  • the material entry is preferably carried out with little air at high speed, for which there are suitable devices.
  • the excess pressure generated by the material input in the interior of the cyclone 1 serves at the same time for dedusting by the filter bags 9 at the top of the cyclone 1.
  • the cyclone is equipped with a fill level control 11, which throttles the material supply before being overloaded.
  • Mixing elements in the form of comb teeth shafts 10 are arranged on the bottom of the cyclone 1, which homogenize the material and prevent premature setting of the glue by constant movement.
  • a lock preferably a cellular wheel lock 12, which doses the material into the chute 13.
  • Evaporation 14 can be provided below the cellular wheel sluice, which serves to pre-swell and stretch the fibers.
  • This chute 13 is preferably designed to widen downwards in order to prevent caking of glue components when the addition is dissolved or melted.
  • a fill level control 15 and underneath the molding station which is designed here as a plurality of molding boxes 16 open at the top. The material flows into these boxes 16 in a completely loosened state.
  • the boxes 16 are slidably mounted.
  • the press After filling a box, it arrives at a press 17 in which the loose bed is compressed to the desired density.
  • the press consists in a simple way of a perforated sheet, just like the molded boxes, adapted to the dimensions of the boxes, which is placed on the filling and pressed down.
  • the perforated plate can remain on the box until it is removed from the mold, but it is also possible to apply your own perforated plates in the following stages for holding down and setting. This creates the desired orientation and entanglement of the fibers, which mechanically strengthens the bond.
  • scraper shafts 18 can be arranged, which ensure a uniform degree of filling.
  • the device should therefore preferably be started up and kept in continuous operation.
  • the temperature and moisture treatment stages follow the press 17. First, hot air and hot steam can be blown in to activate the glue and the activatable lignin components 19.
  • Compressed air 20 can then be blown in for drying and then, in a further stage 21, either further drying air can be supplied, the exhaust air in 20 of which can be used for predrying, or it can also be dried to residual building physics with the aid of a vacuum in 21.
  • the mold boxes are circulated after removal from the mold.
  • the degree of filling can be regulated via the scraper shafts 18 if they are height-adjustable.
  • the temperature and humidity control is preferably carried out as follows: A mixture of hot air and superheated steam is driven in through the openings in the perforated plate below, the temperature and mixing ratio of which can be regulated.
  • the gas mixture is fed into the mold until the material is heated to just below the boiling point of the liquid it contains.
  • the moisture must be sufficient to enable the setting and reaction specifications, including the reactivation of the glues contained in the paper.
  • the drying process of the plates does not take so long until the moisture diffuses from the inner areas of the plate through the salts and fiber materials to the outside is, but is carried out of the plate much faster by the air flow, which also brings evaporation energy with it.
  • Another part of the evaporation energy is contributed by controlling the pressure in the closed form.
  • a moisture residue that slightly exceeds the building moisture (approx. 10% moisture weight) can remain in the plate. As soon as the moisture has dropped so far, the plate can be dried and switched off and packed.
  • Treating the wet plate with hot air can optionally post-cure certain adhesives, e.g. Effect lignin glue.
  • the energy management of the gas central system can be optimized by minimizing heat losses through thermal insulation of the temperature-conducting lines and surfaces and good seals, as well as recovering heat from the post-drying of the plates, the heat of condensation from the moist drying exhaust air and the superheated steam-hot air excess from steaming.
  • the vaporization mixture can also be obtained by reheating the moist drying exhaust air (containing steam) and the moisture can thus be circulated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)

Abstract

(A) A novel heat insulating board consists of a mixt. of (i) paper (e.g. newspaper) which is free of surface coatings and fillers, has been comminuted to flakes of 1-5mm edge length and has been pretreated with anti-rot additives (pref. borates); (ii) natural fibres pref. of 5-100 mm length, and (iii) glues and/or reaction promoters, pref. of vegetable origin. (B) Prodn. of the board comprises pre-mixing the paper flakes and fibres, blowing the mixt. into a mixer vessel, introducing glue and opt. reaction promoter (opt. in the form of an aq. soln.) in countercurrent to the mixt., loosening the mixt. dropping the mixt. into a moulding station, compacting, treating with hot air and opt. steam, and drying. (C) Appts. for carrying out the process is also claimed.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung besteht in einer Wärmedämmplatte aus vermahlenem Papier in einer Mischung mit Naturfasern wie Jute oder dergleichen.The present invention consists in a thermal insulation board made of ground paper in a mixture with natural fibers such as jute or the like.

Eine gattungsgleiche Wärmedämmplatte ist z.B. in der Patentanmeldung DE-A-35 45 001 beschrieben. Danach wird Papier durch Vermahlen in die einzelnen Cellulosefasern aufgetrennt bis ein wolliger Zustand erreicht ist und mit pflanzlichen oder tierischen Fasern einer Länge von 2-10 cm gemischt. Die Verbindung der Fasern wird durch Leim, dem auch feuerhemmende oder fäulnisverhindernde Stoffe zugesetzt sind, bewirkt, indem man die Mischung in einer Form preßt und mit Heißdampf und anschließendem Trocknen verfestigt.A thermal insulation panel of the same type is e.g. described in patent application DE-A-35 45 001. Then paper is separated into the individual cellulose fibers by grinding until a woolly state is reached and mixed with vegetable or animal fibers with a length of 2-10 cm. The connection of the fibers is brought about by glue, to which fire-retardant or rot-preventing substances have also been added, by pressing the mixture in a mold and solidifying it with superheated steam and then drying it.

Derartige Wärmedämmplatten weisen höchstens unwesentliche Anteile an synthetischen Chemikalien auf, sie sind daher besonders umweltfreundlich und erfüllen moderne baubiologische Erfordernisse. Ein wesentliches Problem bei der Herstellung solcher Platten sind die bisher nicht vermeidbaren Inhomogenitäten im Endprodukt, die einmal die mechanische Festigkeit beeinträchtigen, zum anderen aber auch eine Auflösung des Verbundes bei Lagerung und Transport bewirken.Such thermal insulation boards have at most insignificant proportions of synthetic chemicals, they are therefore particularly environmentally friendly and meet modern building biological requirements. A major problem in the manufacture of such panels is the previously unavoidable inhomogeneities in the end product, which on the one hand impair the mechanical strength and on the other hand also cause the bond to break up during storage and transport.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich daher die Aufgabe gestellt, derartige Wärmedammplatten zu verbessern, insbesondere ihre mechanische Festigkeit zu erhöhen, die Fasern haltbarer einzubinden und ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung hierfür zu schaffen, mit deren Hilfe derartige Platten herstellbar sind.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve such thermal insulation boards, in particular to increase their mechanical strength, to bind the fibers in a more durable manner and to provide a method and an apparatus therefor with the aid of which such boards can be produced.

Die erfindungsgemäße Wärmedämmplatte wird erhalten aus einer Mischung aus zerkleinertem und mit fäulnishemmenden Zusätzen, wie vorzugsweise Boraten, vorbehandeltem Zeitungs- oder ähnlichem, von Oberflächenbeschichtungen oder Füllstoffen freiem Papier sowie natürlichen Fasern, und Leimen und/oder Reaktionshelfern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zerkleinerte Papier in Flocken von 1-5 mm Kantenlänge vorliegt und die natürlichen Fasern eine Länge von 5-100 mm aufweisen.The thermal insulation board according to the invention is obtained from a mixture of shredded and with putrefactive additives, such as preferably borates, pretreated newspaper or the like, paper free of surface coatings or fillers and natural fibers, and glues and / or reaction aids, characterized in that the shredded paper in Flakes of 1-5 mm edge length are present and the natural fibers have a length of 5-100 mm.

Es hat sich durch Versuche überraschenderweise herausgestellt, daß auf die Qualität des Endproduktes die Kantenlänge und die Form des verwendeten Papiers entscheidenden Einfluß ausübt.It has surprisingly been found through tests that the edge length and the shape of the paper used have a decisive influence on the quality of the end product.

Bei einer Zerkleinerung des Papiers auf eine Flocken- oder Plättchenform der obengenannten Kantenlängen entstehen Produkte, die an ihren Kanten eine Vielzahl von Härchen aufweisen, die sich beim Verdichten mit den Naturfasern besonders gut verkrallen und aus denen durch Einwirkung von Wärme und Feuchtigkeit der Ligninbestandteil zur Verklebung mit den Naturfasern besonders gut aktivierbar ist. Dabei stören die z.B. in oder auf Glanzdruckpapieren vorhandenen Füllstoffe und Oberflächenbeschichtungen, so daß die verwendeten Papiersorten frei davon sein müssen. Besonders gut hat sich Zeitungspapier (auch in bedruckter Form) bewährt, z.B Qualität "E 12" im Rohstoffhandel.When the paper is shredded to a flake or platelet shape of the abovementioned edge lengths, products are formed which have a large number of hairs on their edges, which claw particularly well when compressed with the natural fibers and from which the lignin constituent is used for bonding by the action of heat and moisture can be activated particularly well with the natural fibers. The e.g. fillers and surface coatings present in or on glossy printing paper, so that the paper types used must be free of them. Newsprint (also in printed form) has proven particularly good, e.g. quality "E 12" in raw materials trading.

Die notwendige Zerkleinerung auf Flocken- oder Plättchenform in der notwendigen Größe ohne Auflösung in die einzelnen Cellulosefasern gelingt besonders gut in einer Hammermühle, wobei der Staubanteil im gemahlenen Produkt besonders gering sein kann. Es hat sich nämlich herausgestellt, daß Staubanteile die Festigkeit der Dämmplatte herabsetzen und Materialverbrauch vermehren.The necessary comminution to flake or platelet shape in the required size without dissolving into the individual cellulose fibers succeeds particularly well in a hammer mill, whereby the proportion of dust in the ground product can be particularly low. It has been found that dust particles reduce the strength of the insulation board and increase material consumption.

Die zu verwendenden Naturfasern sind hinsichtlich ihrer Beschaffenheit weitgehend unkritisch, es kommen insbesonders Jute, Sisal, Baumwolle, Kokos, Flachs, solche aus Recycling- oder Abfallmaterial aus Spinnereien oder aufbereitetes Material aus Stroh oder Holz oder tierische Haare, wie vorzugsweise Wolle infrage, vorzugsweise einer Länge von 5 - 100 mm. Als Leime und Reaktionshelfer werden vorzugsweise Balsamharze, wie Kolophonium, Stärke- oder Ligninkleber, Kautschuk oder auch Traßzement, Gips, Aluminiumslulfat und Wasserglas eingesetzt. Die Herstellung der Platten kann dabei derart erfolgen, daß die Substanzen gemischt und aufgelockert, in eine Form gegeben, auf das gewünschte Raumgewicht verdichtet und mit Heißluft und/oder Heißdampf behandelt und getrocknet werden.The nature of the natural fibers to be used is largely uncritical with regard to their nature, in particular jute, sisal, cotton, coconut, flax, those made from recycling or waste material from spinning mills or processed material made from straw or wood or animal hair, such as preferably wool, preferably one Length from 5 to 100 mm. Balsam resins such as rosin, starch or lignin glue, rubber or else cement, gypsum, aluminum sulfate and water glass are preferably used as glues and reaction aids. The plates can be produced in such a way that the substances are mixed and loosened, placed in a mold, compressed to the desired density and treated with hot air and / or superheated steam and dried.

Insbesondere werden dabei die im Papier enthaltenen Ligninbestandteile aktiviert und als Bindemittel ausgenutzt.In particular, the lignin components contained in the paper are activated and used as binders.

Ein besonders effektives Verfahren besteht erfindungsgemäß darin, daß man zunächst Papierflocken und Fasern vormischt, die Mischung in ein Mischgefäß einbläst und Leim bzw. Leim und Reaktionshelfer ggf. in Form einer wässrigen Lösung dazu im Gegenstrom einträgt, danach die Mischung auflockert, in freiem Fall in eine Formstation einbringt und verdichtet und anschließend mit Heißluft oder Heißluft und Dampf behandelt und trocknet.A particularly effective method according to the invention consists in first premixing paper flakes and fibers, blowing the mixture into a mixing vessel and adding glue or glue and reaction aids, if necessary in the form of an aqueous solution, in countercurrent, then loosening the mixture, in free case in introduces and compresses a molding station and then treats and dries it with hot air or hot air and steam.

Hierbei werden die Komponenten mit hoher Relativgeschwindigkeit aufeinanderzu bewegt, so daß eine hohe Homogenität der Mischung gewährleistet ist. Die Leime und ggf. Reaktionshelfer können pulverförmig, in erschmolzener Form oder als wässrige Lösung in den Flocken- und Faserstrom eingedüst und setzen sich im wesentlichen auf den Oberflächen der Teilchen ab.Here, the components are moved towards each other at a high relative speed, so that a high homogeneity of the mixture is ensured. The glues and optionally reaction aids can be injected into the flake and fiber stream in powder form, in molten form or as an aqueous solution and essentially settle on the surfaces of the particles.

Durch die notwendigerweise hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten kommt es zu einer gewissen Vorverdichtung und einer Ausrichtung der Fasern, die durch mechanisches Auflockern wieder aufgehoben werden. Das so erhaltene aufgelockerte Produkt wird anschließend in freiem Fall kontinuierlich in die Formstation gebracht und danach verdichtet. Hierdurch wird unter anderem erreicht, daß die Fasern sehr gleichmäßig über den Raum verteilt in der Form liegen und daß eine hohe Konstanz der Mischungsverhältnisse eingehalten werden kann.Due to the necessarily high flow velocities, there is a certain pre-compression and an alignment of the fibers, which are canceled again by mechanical loosening. The loosened product thus obtained is then continuously brought into the forming station in free fall and then compacted. In this way it is achieved, among other things, that the fibers are distributed in the shape very evenly over the space and that a high constancy of the mixing ratios can be maintained.

Zusätzlich wird durch das Verdichten auf Plattenform eine gewünschte Ausrichtung der Fasern und ein Verhaken oder Verfilzen der Fasern und Flocken erreicht, die den Verbund verbessern und den Leimbedarf senken. Die verdichtete Masse wird anschließend mit Heißluft oder Heißluft und Dampf behandelt, wodurch die Leimbestandteile fließen und anschließend abbinden.In addition, the desired orientation of the fibers and the interlocking or matting of the fibers and flakes are achieved by compacting onto plate form, which improve the bond and reduce the need for glue. The compacted mass is then treated with hot air or hot air and steam, causing the glue components to flow and then set.

Da, wie schon erwähnt, Staubanteile stören, wird vorgeschlagen, die Gegenstromdurchmischung von Flocken, Fasern und Leimbestandteilen in einem Zyklonabscheider durchzuführen, wobei die Substanzen im wesentlichen tangential zu- und Staub mittig mit Luft nach oben abgeführt werden.Since, as already mentioned, dust components interfere, it is proposed to carry out the countercurrent mixing of flakes, fibers and glue components in a cyclone separator, the substances being supplied essentially tangentially and dust being removed centrally with air upwards.

Die danach gesammelte und wieder mechanisch aufgelockerte Mischung kann während des freien Falles in die Formstation mit Heißdampf (oder Heißluft, falls die den Fasern innewohnende Feuchtigkeit ausreicht) behandelt werden, um die Faserbestandteile zu strecken und zu quellen, da dies je nach deren Natur das erhaltene Produkt verbessern kann.The mixture then collected and loosened again mechanically can be treated with superheated steam (or hot air if the moisture inherent in the fibers is sufficient) during the free fall into the forming station to stretch and swell the fiber components, depending on the nature of this, what is obtained Product can improve.

Wesentliche Bedeutung kommt der Auflockerung und Separierung der Bestandteile vor dem Einbringen in die Form zu. Es wird daher weiter vorgeschlagen, die durch Gegenstrom erzeugte Mischung der Komponenten in einem mit einem auflockernden Mischorgan versehenen Behälter (kontinuierlich) zu sammeln, mit Hilfe einer Schleuse, vorzugsweise einer Zellradschleuse, in einen Fallschacht auszuschleusen und dort die Mischung erneut zu mischen und aufzulockern.The loosening and separation of the components before they are introduced into the mold is of major importance. It is therefore further proposed to collect (continuously) the mixture of the components produced by countercurrent in a container provided with a loosening mixing element, to discharge it into a chute with the aid of a lock, preferably a cellular wheel lock, and to mix and loosen the mixture there again.

Auf diese Weise wird eine unerwünschte Klumpenbildung sicher vermieden und die Homogenität des Gefüges garantiert.In this way, undesirable lump formation is reliably avoided and the homogeneity of the structure is guaranteed.

Das "Abbinden" der Platten geschieht unter mechanischem Preßdruck, wobei man durch das gepreßte Material Heißdampf oder Heißluft oder beides, je nach der vorhandenen und der für die Aktivierung der verwendeten Leime benötigten Feuchtigkeit, unter Überdruck hindurchleitet und anschließend trocknet, was z.B. durch Hindurchleiten von Trockenluft geschehen kann, wobei diese zur Erzeugung eines Unterdruckes und zur Verdampfungsbeschleunigung auch hindurchgesaugt werden kann.The "setting" of the plates takes place under mechanical pressure, whereby hot steam or hot air or both, depending on the moisture available and required for the activation of the glues used, is passed through the press material under excess pressure and then dried, which e.g. can be done by passing dry air through, which can also be sucked through to generate a negative pressure and to accelerate evaporation.

Das Verfahren kann beim Füllen derart variiert werden, daß man unterschiedliche Mischungen in separaten Mischvorrichtungen herstellt und diese nacheinander aufeinander schichtet und anschließend verpreßt. So kann die Außenschicht höhere Leim- und Papieranteile aufweisen, um diese glatter zu machen oder mit Hilfe des Leimes zu kaschieren, oder je nach Anwendungsfall auch vermehrt längere oder kürzere Faseranteile enthalten.The process can be varied during filling in such a way that different mixtures are produced in separate mixing devices and these are successively layered on top of one another and then pressed. For example, the outer layer can have higher proportions of glue and paper in order to make them smoother or to cover them with the aid of the glue, or, depending on the application, also increasingly contain longer or shorter fiber proportions.

Für eine kontinuierliche Herstellungsweise wird vorgeschlagen, das aus dem Fallschacht rieselnde Material auf ein (gelochtes) Förderband zu geben, dem ein oben laufendes Lochband (Oberband) zugeordnet ist. Letzteres besitzt einen schrägen, sich in Transportrichtung verengenden Einzugsbereich, der sich auf das gewünschte Maß der Plattenstärke absenkt und in die Heißdampf und/oder Heißluftzufuhr und die Trockenstation ausläuft.For a continuous production method, it is proposed that the material trickling out of the chute be placed on a (perforated) conveyor belt to which an upper belt (top belt) is assigned. The latter has an inclined feed area that narrows in the direction of transport, which lowers to the desired level of the plate thickness and runs into the hot steam and / or hot air supply and the drying station.

Da das Material dem Transport auf einem Band einen hohen Widerstand entgegensetzt, wird vorgeschlagen, das zu verdichtende Produkt auch seitlich mitlaufend, beispielsweise durch eigene Bänder zu führen.Since the material opposes high resistance to transport on a belt, it is proposed that the product to be compacted also be guided laterally, for example by its own belts.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung besteht aus einem Zyklon mit oberer tangentialer Zuführung der Faser/Flockenmischung und etwa gegenüberliegender Gegenstromeingabe der Leimbestandteile. Diese Mischung rotiert peripher und gelangt auf den Boden des Zyklons, wo sie gesammelt und von einem Füllstandsanzeiger überwacht wird. Kopfseitig sind zur Entstaubung Filtersäcke vorgesehen.The device according to the invention consists of a cyclone with an upper tangential feed of the fiber / flake mixture and approximately opposite flow of the glue components. This mixture rotates peripherally and reaches the bottom of the cyclone, where it is collected and monitored by a level indicator. Filter bags are provided on the head side for dedusting.

Im Sammelbereich sind rotierende Kammzinkenwellen angeordnet, darunter befinden sich eine Zellradschleuse, die das Material auf ein weiteres Mischorgan dosiert, wobei es gegebenenfalls bedampft werden kann. Unterhalb des letzteren Mischorganes befindet sich ein Fallschacht und unter diesem die Füllstation, wobei am Ausgang Abstreifwellen vorgesehen sein können.Rotating comb tine shafts are arranged in the collecting area, underneath there is a rotary valve which doses the material onto another mixing element, whereby it can be steamed if necessary. Below the latter mixing element there is a chute and below this the filling station, with stripping shafts being provided at the outlet.

Anhand der beiliegenden Figur wird die vorliegende Erfindung näher erläutert.The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached figure.

Der Zyklon 1 besitzt zwei gegeneinander gerichtete, etwa tangentiale Materialeinträge, die Zuführung 2 für die Vormischung aus Papierflocken und Naturfasern. Diese Vormischung enthält die wesentlichen Substanzen, d.h. neben den Fasern und Papierflocken z.B. auch die fäulnishemmenden Substanzen, die dem Papier schon beim Vermahlen zugegeben werden können.The cyclone 1 has two mutually directed, approximately tangential material inputs, the feed 2 for the premixing of paper flakes and natural fibers. This premix contains the essential substances, ie, in addition to the fibers and paper flakes, for example also the putrefactive substances which can be added to the paper during grinding.

Mit Hilfe der Druckdüse 3 wird in das rotierende Gemisch der Leim in Pulverform oder als Schmelze oder in wässriger Lösung eingeblasen. Zur Herstellung des Leimes dienen dabei der Vorratsbehälter 4 mit Mischer 5, sowie der Dosierbehälter 6 mit Schneckenaustrag 7. An den Schneckenaustrag schließt sich ein Druckeinstäuber 8 an, der in die Druckdüse 3 mündet. Der Materialeintrag geschieht vorzugsweise luftarm mit hoher Geschwindigkeit, wofür geeignete Vorrichtungen bestehen.With the help of the pressure nozzle 3, the glue is blown into the rotating mixture in powder form or as a melt or in aqueous solution. The storage container 4 with mixer 5 and the metering container 6 with screw discharge 7 are used to produce the glue. A pressure sprayer 8, which opens into the pressure nozzle 3, adjoins the screw discharge. The material entry is preferably carried out with little air at high speed, for which there are suitable devices.

Der durch den Materialeintrag im Inneren des Zyklons 1 erzeugte Überdruck dient gleichzeitig der Entstaubung durch die Filtersäcke 9 am Kopf des Zyklons 1.The excess pressure generated by the material input in the interior of the cyclone 1 serves at the same time for dedusting by the filter bags 9 at the top of the cyclone 1.

Der Zyklon ist mit einer Füllstandskontrolle 11 ausgerüstet, der vor Überfrachtung die Materialzufuhr drosselt. Am Boden des Zyklons 1 sind Mischorgane in Form von Kammzinkenwellen 10 angeordnet, die das Material homogenisieren und durch ständige Bewegung ein vorzeitiges Abbinden des Leimes verhindern. Unterhalb dieser Kammzinkenwellen 11 liegt eine Schleuse, vorzugsweise eine Zellradschleuse 12, die das Material in den Fallschacht 13 eindosiert. Unterhalb der Zellradschleuse kann eine Bedampfung 14 vorgesehen sein, die einer Vorquellung und Streckung der Fasern dient.The cyclone is equipped with a fill level control 11, which throttles the material supply before being overloaded. Mixing elements in the form of comb teeth shafts 10 are arranged on the bottom of the cyclone 1, which homogenize the material and prevent premature setting of the glue by constant movement. Below this comb tine shaft 11 is a lock, preferably a cellular wheel lock 12, which doses the material into the chute 13. Evaporation 14 can be provided below the cellular wheel sluice, which serves to pre-swell and stretch the fibers.

Unterhalb der Zellradschleuse 12 am Kopf des Fallschachtes 13 sind wiederum Mischorgane, auch hier vorzugsweise in Form von Kammzinkenwellen 10 angeordnet, die das Material ebenfalls in ständiger Bewegung halten und zur Vereinzelung in den Fallschacht 13 bringen.Below the rotary valve 12 at the head of the chute 13 are again mixing elements, also preferably in the form of comb tine shafts 10, which also keep the material in constant motion and bring it into the chute 13 for separation.

Dieser Fallschacht 13 ist vorzugsweise sich nach unten erweiternd ausgebildet, um ein Anbacken von Leimbestandteilen bei gelöster oder erschmolzener Zugabe zu verhindern. Am Fuß des Fallschachtes befindet sich ebenfalls eine Füllstandskontrolle 15 und darunter die Formstation, die hier als Vielzahl von oben offenen Formkästen 16 ausgebildet ist. In diese Kästen 16 rieselt das Material vollkommen aufgelockert ein.
Die Kästen 16 sind verschieblich gelagert.
This chute 13 is preferably designed to widen downwards in order to prevent caking of glue components when the addition is dissolved or melted. At the foot of the chute there is also a fill level control 15 and underneath the molding station, which is designed here as a plurality of molding boxes 16 open at the top. The material flows into these boxes 16 in a completely loosened state.
The boxes 16 are slidably mounted.

Nach Befüllen eines Kastens gelangt dieser zu einer Presse 17, in der die lockere Schüttung auf das gewünschte Raumgewicht verdichtet wird. Die Presse besteht in einfacher Weise aus einem ebenso wie die Formkästen gelochten, auf die Maße der Kästen angepaßten Blech, das auf die Füllung gelegt und niedergedrückt wird.After filling a box, it arrives at a press 17 in which the loose bed is compressed to the desired density. The press consists in a simple way of a perforated sheet, just like the molded boxes, adapted to the dimensions of the boxes, which is placed on the filling and pressed down.

Das gelochte Blech kann bis zum Entformen auf dem Kasten verbleiben, es ist jedoch auch möglich, in den folgenden Stufen zum Niederhalten und Abbinden eigene gelochte Bleche aufzubringen. Dabei entsteht eine gewünschte Orientierung und Verhakung der Fasern, die den Verbund mechanisch festigt.The perforated plate can remain on the box until it is removed from the mold, but it is also possible to apply your own perforated plates in the following stages for holding down and setting. This creates the desired orientation and entanglement of the fibers, which mechanically strengthens the bond.

Am Austritt der Formkästen 16 aus dem Fallschacht 13, können Abstreifwellen 18 angeordnet sein, die für einen gleichmäßigen Füllgrad sorgen.At the exit of the molding boxes 16 from the chute 13, scraper shafts 18 can be arranged, which ensure a uniform degree of filling.

Da die Fallgeschwindigkeit der Mischungsbestandteile unterschiedlich ist, kommt es bei jeder Inbetriebnahme des Fallschachtes zu einer geringfügigen Entmischung durch Voreilung der schneller sinkenden Komponente.Since the falling speed of the mixture constituents is different, each time the drop shaft is started up, there is a slight separation due to the premature falling component.

Die Vorrichtung ist daher vorzugsweise anzufahren und kontinuierlich in Betrieb zu halten.The device should therefore preferably be started up and kept in continuous operation.

An die Presse 17 schließen sich die Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitsbehandlungsstufen an. Zunächst kann Heißluft und Heißdampf zur Aktivierung des Leimes und der aktivierbaren Ligninbestandteile eingeblasen werden 19.The temperature and moisture treatment stages follow the press 17. First, hot air and hot steam can be blown in to activate the glue and the activatable lignin components 19.

Danach kann Druckluft 20 zur Trocknung eingeblasen und anschließend in einer weiteren Stufe 21 entweder weitere Trockenluft zugeführt werden, deren Abluft in 20 zur Vortrocknung dienen kann, oder, es kann auch mit Hilfe von Vakuum in 21 auf bauphysikalische Restfeuchte getrocknet werden.Compressed air 20 can then be blown in for drying and then, in a further stage 21, either further drying air can be supplied, the exhaust air in 20 of which can be used for predrying, or it can also be dried to residual building physics with the aid of a vacuum in 21.

Die Formkästen werden nach Entformen im Kreislauf geführt.The mold boxes are circulated after removal from the mold.

Über die Abstreifwellen 18 kann der Füllgrad geregelt werden, wenn diese höhenverstellbar ausgebildet sind.The degree of filling can be regulated via the scraper shafts 18 if they are height-adjustable.

Die Temperatur- und Feuchtigkeitssteuerung geschieht vorzugsweise folgendermaßen:
Durch die Öffnungen des untenliegenden Lochbleches wird ein Gemisch aus Heißluft und Heißdampf eingetrieben, dessen Temperatur und Mischungsverhältnis regelbar ist.
The temperature and humidity control is preferably carried out as follows:
A mixture of hot air and superheated steam is driven in through the openings in the perforated plate below, the temperature and mixing ratio of which can be regulated.

Sobald das einströmende Gasgemisch die Luft aus dem durch den Deckel leicht verdichteten Plattenrohmaterial verdrängt ist, wird durch Drosselung des Absaugventils ein Überdruck erzeugt, der die anschließende Befeuchtung des Flocken-Faser-Leim-Gemisches fördert.As soon as the inflowing gas mixture displaces the air from the plate raw material, which is slightly compressed by the cover, an excess pressure is generated by throttling the suction valve, which promotes the subsequent moistening of the flake-fiber-glue mixture.

Das Gasgemisch wird der Form so lange zugeführt, bis eine Aufheizung des Materials auf knapp unter dem Siedepunkt der enthaltenden Flüssigkeit erreicht ist. Die Feuchtigkeit muß ausreichen, um die Abbinde- und Reaktionsvorgabe einschließlich der Reaktivierung der im Papier enthaltenen Leime zu ermöglichen.The gas mixture is fed into the mold until the material is heated to just below the boiling point of the liquid it contains. The moisture must be sufficient to enable the setting and reaction specifications, including the reactivation of the glues contained in the paper.

Sobald diese Feuchte im Material erreicht ist (vorzugsweise im niedrigen Bereich zwischen 10 und 25 Gewichts-% Wasseraufnahme), wird die Zufuhr des Dampf-Luft-Gemisches beendet, der Überdruck entspannt und aus dem Saugdeckel ein Unterdruck erzeugt.As soon as this moisture in the material is reached (preferably in the low range between 10 and 25% by weight of water absorption), the supply of the steam-air mixture is stopped, the excess pressure is released and a negative pressure is generated from the suction cover.

Die erneute Verdampfung der Feuchtigkeit wird durch gedrosselte Zufuhr von Heißluft aus dem Bodenelement und gegebenenfalls durch zusätzliche Beheizung herbeigeführt und das entstehende Dampf-Luft-Gemisch durch den trocknenden Plattenkörper in den Saugdeckel abgesaugt = Unterdruck.The renewed evaporation of moisture is brought about by throttling the supply of hot air from the base element and, if necessary, by additional heating, and the steam / air mixture that is produced is sucked off through the drying plate body into the suction cover = negative pressure.

Durch diesen Vorgang benötigt der Trockenprozeß der Platten nicht so lange, bis die Feuchte auch aus den inneren Bereichen der Platte durch die Salze und Fasermaterialien nach außen hindurchdiffundiert ist, sondern wird durch den Luftstrom, der gleichzeitig Verdampfungsenergie mitbringt, wesentlich schneller aus der Platte herausgetragen.As a result of this process, the drying process of the plates does not take so long until the moisture diffuses from the inner areas of the plate through the salts and fiber materials to the outside is, but is carried out of the plate much faster by the air flow, which also brings evaporation energy with it.

Ein weiterer Teil der Verdampfungsenergie wird durch die Steuerung des Druckes in der geschlossenen Form beigetragen.Another part of the evaporation energy is contributed by controlling the pressure in the closed form.

Ein die baupraktische Feuchte (von ca. 10 % Gewicht Feuchte) geringfügig übersteigender Feuchterest kann in der Platte verbleiben. Sobald die Feuchte soweit abgesunken ist, kann die Platte nachtrocknen und ausgeschalt und verpackt werden.A moisture residue that slightly exceeds the building moisture (approx. 10% moisture weight) can remain in the plate. As soon as the moisture has dropped so far, the plate can be dried and switched off and packed.

Erwünschte Aufkaschierung mit feuchte- oder windschützenden Baupapieren können jetzt vorgenommen werden.Desired lamination with moisture or wind-protecting construction papers can now be carried out.

Die Behandlung der feuchten Platte mit Heißluft kann gegebenenfalls die Nachhärtung bestimmter Kleber, z.B. Ligninkleber bewirken.Treating the wet plate with hot air can optionally post-cure certain adhesives, e.g. Effect lignin glue.

Die Energiewirtschaft der Gasamtanlage kann durch Minimierung von Wärmeverlusten durch Wärmedämmung der temperaturführenden Leitungen und Oberflächen und gute Abdichtungen, sowie eine Rückgewinnung von Wärme aus der Nachtrocknung der Platten, der Kondensationswärme der feuchten Trocknungsabluft und des Heißdampf-Heißluft-Überschusses aus der Bedampfung optimiert werden.The energy management of the gas central system can be optimized by minimizing heat losses through thermal insulation of the temperature-conducting lines and surfaces and good seals, as well as recovering heat from the post-drying of the plates, the heat of condensation from the moist drying exhaust air and the superheated steam-hot air excess from steaming.

Die Bedampfungsmischung kann auch durch Nachheizung der feuchten Trocknungsabluft (dampfhaltig) gewonnen und so die Feuchtigkeit im Kreislauf geführt werden.The vaporization mixture can also be obtained by reheating the moist drying exhaust air (containing steam) and the moisture can thus be circulated.

Claims (14)

  1. Heat insulation plate obtained from a mixture of comminuted newspaper or similar paper freed from surface coatings and filling materials, pretreated with rot-inhibiting additives, such as preferably borates, as well as natural fibres and glue and/or reaction acids, characterised in that the comminuted paper is present in flocks of 1 - 5 mm edge length and the natural fibres have a length of 5 - 100 mm.
  2. Heat insulation plate according to claim 1, characterised in that the paper is comminuted in a hammer mill low in dust, preferably dust-free.
  3. Heat insulation plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, as natural fibres, there are contained in it those of jute, sisal, cottonwool, coconut, flax, especially those from recycling or waste material from spinning mills or processed material from straw or wood or animal hair, such as preferably wool.
  4. Heat insulation plate according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, as glue or reaction aid, there are used balsam resins, such as colophony, starch or lignin adhesives, rubber or also trass cement, gypsum, aluminium sulphate and waterglass.
  5. Process for the production of heat insulation plates according to claims 1 to 4, whereby one first pre-mixes paper flocks and fibres, blows the mixture into a mixing vessel and introduces glue or glue and reaction aid, possibly in the form of an aqueous solution, in countercurrent thereto, thereafter loosens up the mixture, introduces in free fall into a moulding station and consolidates and subsequently treats with hot air or hot air and steam and dries.
  6. Process according to claim 5, characterised in that one introduces fibres and paper flocks tangentially into a cyclone separator (1), powders in glue and possibly reaction aid thereto in countercurrent, centrally draws off air upwardly and frees from dust and loosens up the mixture pretreated in this manner, passes to the moulding station (16) and thereby possibly treats the fibres with hot steam.
  7. Process according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that one collects the mixture of fibres, paper and glue or reaction aid in a storage container provided with mixing means (10), with the help of a (cell wheel) transfer tube (12) into a dropping chute (13), there again mixes and loosens and allows the product to trickle into the moulding station (16).
  8. Process according to at least one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that one presses the loosely introduced material to the desired density and introduces hot air and hot steam from the bottom, activates glue and possibly reaction aid and glue present in the paper at temperatures of more than 160°C and subsequently, with the passing of air through the material standing under consolidation pressure, allows to bind and dries.
  9. Process according to at least one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that, from separate filling stations, differing amounts of mixtures are successively filled into the moulds.
  10. Process according to at least one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that the mixture is applied to a circulating perforated band and consolidated with by an oblique indrawing upper band, also provided with perforations, whereby lateral limitation is possibly also constructed co-runningly.
  11. Process according to at least one of claims 5 to 10, characterised by a mixing ratio of the components of paper:fibres:glues and reaction aids such as from 4:4:1 to 5:2:2.
  12. Device for the carrying out of the process according to claims 5 to 11, consisting of a cyclone (1) with head end dust remover (9), low-air introduction (2) tangentially arranged thereunder of the premixture of paper particles, fibres and rot-inhibiting additives, a counterflow nozzle (3) for glue and reaction aids, as well as a plurality of comb tine shafts (10) and cell wheel transfer tube (12) arranged thereunder, whereby, below the cell wheel transfer tube are arranged further comb tine shafts (10) under which is present a preferably downwardly widening dropping chute (13) which opens into a moulding station (16).
  13. Device according to claim 12, characterised in that the moulding station (16) works discontinuously with successively following separate moulds and on them are formed detachable pressure plates (17), whereby moulds and pressure plates are perforated, and that on the dropping chute (13), in the conveying direction, there is subsequently provided a supply station (19) for hot air and hot steam and on this is subsequently provided one or more drying stations (20, 21) with forced air conduction.
  14. Device according to claim 12, characterised in that the moulding station consists of a perforated revolving bottom band and an obliquely running also perforated head band, between which the filled-in mixture is drawn in and compressed, both of which are laterally bounded, possibly co-runningly, and that on the consolidation area is subsequently provided a hot air and possibly hot steam inlet, as well as a drying station with forced air conduction.
EP19870907930 1986-12-04 1987-12-04 Insulating board containing natural fibres, process and device for its production Expired - Lifetime EP0330671B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87907930T ATE84588T1 (en) 1986-12-04 1987-12-04 THERMAL INSULATION BOARD CONTAINING NATURAL FIBERS, AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3641464 1986-12-04
DE19863641464 DE3641464A1 (en) 1986-12-04 1986-12-04 HEAT-INSULATING PANEL CONTAINING NATURAL FIBERS AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

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EP0330671A1 EP0330671A1 (en) 1989-09-06
EP0330671B1 true EP0330671B1 (en) 1993-01-13

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EP (1) EP0330671B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE84588T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3641464A1 (en)
DK (1) DK169184B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988004347A1 (en)

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CN107514065B (en) * 2017-08-17 2021-04-06 徐州新南湖科技有限公司 Building interior wall insulation board and manufacturing method thereof

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DE10056829C2 (en) * 2000-06-02 2003-09-25 Steico Ag Process for producing an insulation board or mat made of wood fibers and insulation board or mat produced according to this process
EP2036692A1 (en) 2007-09-15 2009-03-18 Dieffenbacher GmbH & Co. KG Method for producing dampening and/or noise insulation boards from wood fibres in a dry process and a calibration and hardening device
DE102007044163A1 (en) 2007-09-15 2009-03-19 Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg Process for the production of insulating and / or soundproofing panels made of wood fibers in a dry process and a calibration and curing device
DE102007044161A1 (en) 2007-09-15 2009-03-26 Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg Method for manufacturing damping or noise insulating plate as impact sound insulation made of wood fiber in dry process without active redrying, involves drying wood fiber below ten percent atmosphere of wood
DE102008057557A1 (en) 2008-11-15 2010-05-20 Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg Method for manufacturing flexible insulation and/or sound protection plate or flexible semi-finished product for subsequent processing in hot press, involves fusing portions of binding material fibers in mat, and hardening portions
ITMI20100088A1 (en) * 2010-01-26 2011-07-27 Dieffenbacher Gmbh & Co Kg PROCEDURE AND UNIT OF CALIBRATION AND WELDING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF INSULATING PANELS OR ACOUSTIC INSULATION OR OF A SEMI-FINISHED FLEXIBILEPER FOR THE NEXT PROCESSING IN HOT PRESSES

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DK389888A (en) 1988-07-12
ATE84588T1 (en) 1993-01-15
EP0330671A1 (en) 1989-09-06
DE3783612D1 (en) 1993-02-25
DK169184B1 (en) 1994-09-05
WO1988004347A1 (en) 1988-06-16
US5085898A (en) 1992-02-04
DK389888D0 (en) 1988-07-12
DE3641464A1 (en) 1988-06-16

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