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EP0322751B1 - Apparatus to be incorporated in a formwork for concrete building elements - Google Patents

Apparatus to be incorporated in a formwork for concrete building elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0322751B1
EP0322751B1 EP88121457A EP88121457A EP0322751B1 EP 0322751 B1 EP0322751 B1 EP 0322751B1 EP 88121457 A EP88121457 A EP 88121457A EP 88121457 A EP88121457 A EP 88121457A EP 0322751 B1 EP0322751 B1 EP 0322751B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base
concrete
dovetail
raised portion
partial area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88121457A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0322751A1 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Penzkofer
Claude Meyers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Max Frank GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Max Frank GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Max Frank GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Max Frank GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT88121457T priority Critical patent/ATE72867T1/en
Publication of EP0322751A1 publication Critical patent/EP0322751A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0322751B1 publication Critical patent/EP0322751B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E04G21/125—Reinforcement continuity box

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for inserting into a formwork for a concrete component, for example a concrete wall, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • connection connection Such a device, also known as a “reinforcement connection”, is known (DE-U-85 30 376). This device is used to create a connection reinforcement in the connection area between a concrete component created first and a connected concrete component, the storage element also remaining in the concrete between the concrete components.
  • a reinforcement connection (DE-A-35 35 254), which has two storage elements arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another, each formed by an elongated profile, and a molded body which has one for each storage element Forms lid and is provided with a profile between the storage elements.
  • the molded body is removed so that the connecting parts of the reinforcing bars are accessible and can be bent.
  • the concrete of the concrete component created first has a profiled surface between the two storage elements.
  • a toothing is achieved in the concrete after the completion of the subsequent concrete component and an improvement in the thrust force transmission is achieved there.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, which ensures a significantly improved integration or anchoring of the storage element in the concrete.
  • the configuration according to the invention ensures that the storage element is already reliably embedded in the concrete of the concrete component to be created first, so that any loosening of the storage element when bending the connecting parts is effectively counteracted. Furthermore, the design according to the invention also ensures optimal transmission of thrust despite the storage element remaining in the concrete.
  • both are achieved by the combination or interaction of the partial area having the dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile and the at least one elevation on this partial area, which (interaction consists in the fact that, on the one hand, the storage element is caused by the elevation is also positively anchored in the concrete in the longitudinal direction of the dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile, and that where this elevation is provided and effective, the dovetail-shaped profile cross-section effectively prevents the advance element from being lifted off the concrete, so that this in turn ensures the full effectiveness of the elevation.
  • this partial area which has the dovetail-like cross-sectional profile, is formed by at least one longitudinal groove with a dovetail-shaped cross-section, in which case a plurality of elevations which follow one another in the direction of the longitudinal groove are then preferably provided.
  • the elevations themselves can have a wide variety of shapes, but they are preferably designed such that they have a constant height transverse to the longitudinal groove or longitudinal extent of the storage element.
  • the elevations are shaped like a mushroom or a truncated cone in such a way that they have a cross section which increases with increasing distance from the bottom of the storage element.
  • the projections or elevations provided in the longitudinal groove achieve a transmission of thrust in the longitudinal direction of the storage element.
  • the dovetail-shaped cross section of the longitudinal groove ensures that the bottom of the storage element is positively connected to the subsequent concrete and thus cannot lift off from this concrete (in the direction perpendicular to the floor plane), which then also fully effects the projections Can come into effect.
  • the device shown in the figures consists of a box-shaped or profile-shaped storage element 1, which is made of sheet steel, preferably with a roughened surface.
  • the storage element 1 consists essentially of a base 2 and two legs 3 and 4 which are made in one piece with this base by angling and extend over the entire length of the storage element and which are level with the base 2 or with the surface sides of the legs 3 and 4 adjoining bottom regions 2 'enclose an angle of less than 90 °, so that the storage element 1 has an approximately dovetail-shaped cross section formed by the legs 3 and 4.
  • a longitudinal groove extending over the entire length of the storage element 1, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment so that the material of the bottom in the region of this longitudinal groove 5 in the from the bottom 2 and the legs 3 and 4 limited interior 6 of the storage element 1 is drawn.
  • the longitudinal groove 5 lying between the two regions 2 'of the base immediately adjacent to the legs 3 and 4 also has a dovetail cross-section, i.e. this longitudinal groove is formed by a floor area 7 lying parallel to the areas 2 'and by two leg areas 8 and 9, each of which forms an acute angle with the floor area 7, merges into the areas 2' of the floor and there faces the interior 6 Side with the respective area 2 'also form an acute angle.
  • the legs 3 and 4 are each provided with an angled portion 10 and 11, which also extends over the entire length of the storage element, over the outer surface of the respective leg 3 or 4 protrudes and forms an acute angle with this outer surface.
  • the device shown also has a plurality of reinforcing bars 12, each of which is U-shaped or bent as a bracket and thus each has two legs 13 and a yoke section 14 connecting this leg.
  • the reinforcement bars 12, which are arranged with the yoke sections 14 perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the storage element 1, are guided with their legs 13 through the areas 2 'of the floor 2 in such a way that each leg 13 has the corresponding passage point through the floor 2 at the one on the left in FIG. 1
  • Area 2 'and the other legs 13 of each U-shaped reinforcing bar 12 have the corresponding passage point at the area 2 'on the right in FIG. 1.
  • Each leg 13 consists of a first section 13 ', which directly adjoins the yoke section 14, projects vertically outwards beyond the outer surface of the base 2 facing away from the interior space 6 and, together with the other section 13' and the yoke section 14, the anchoring area of the relevant section Reinforcing bar 12 forms.
  • a second section 13 "of each leg 13 is bent approximately perpendicular to the section 13 'and is arranged in the interior 6 of the storage element 1, the sections 13" forming the connecting parts of the reinforcing bars 12 to be bent out later.
  • the device In the manufacture of the concrete component to be created first, for example the concrete wall 15, the device is inserted into the formwork in question before the concrete is introduced in such a way that on its open long side (between the bends 10 and 11) through a cover and on its two end faces Closure elements closed storage element 1 with the longitudinal side closed by the cover abuts against the inner surface of a formwork wall.
  • the interior space 6 delimited by the storage element 1 is kept free of the concrete introduced into the formwork.
  • the anchoring areas of the reinforcing bars 12 and also the storage element 1 with its bends 10 and 11 are embedded in the concrete.
  • the longitudinal groove 5 is also filled with concrete.
  • the connecting parts or sections 13 "of the reinforcing bars 12 are bent in accordance with the arrow A in FIG. 2, so that these connecting parts or sections 13" are then used when creating the concrete component to be connected, namely, for example, the concrete wall 18 in the there are embedded concrete.
  • these elevations 16, which take up almost the entire width of the longitudinal groove 5 are curved in the shape of a partial cylinder in such a way that the respective cylinder axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the storage element 1, so that each elevation 16 has the same length over almost the entire width of the longitudinal groove 5 Height h protrudes above the bottom region 7 of the longitudinal groove 5 and is thus fully effective in the sense of an improvement in the transmission of thrust in the direction of the arrow C over its entire width b extending transversely to the longitudinal groove 5 or to the longitudinal extent of the storage element 1.
  • a different shape is also possible for the elevations 16, which, moreover, do not protrude beyond the regions 2 'from the longitudinal groove 5.
  • elevations 16 have a constant height h over their entire width b.
  • the accommodation of the elevations 16 in the longitudinal groove 5 has the advantage that the actual outer cross section of the storage element 1 is not increased by these elevations, which is important, inter alia, when the storage element 1 is separate from the reinforcing bars 12 or without these reinforcing bars is delivered to the respective place of use or to a manufacturer who assembles the device shown using the storage element and the reinforcing bars 12.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show an embodiment in which, instead of the elevations 16 or in addition to these elevations, 5 elevations 17 are provided within the longitudinal groove, which also protrude beyond the surface side of the base region 7 facing away from the interior 6.
  • the elevations 17 are formed like a mushroom or a truncated cone in such a way that they have, for example, a circular cross section in cross-sectional planes parallel to the base region 7, which cross section increases with increasing distance from the base region 7.
  • the elevations 17 are produced, for example, by first pressing out, for example, a cylindrical projection from the material of the storage element 1, as indicated by broken lines in FIG.
  • the projection 17' finally deforms into the elevation 17.
  • the dovetail shape can also be used Longitudinal groove 5 are completely dispensed with, ie in this case the storage element is then provided with a flat bottom 2 on which the elevations 17 are provided. It may then also be expedient to provide the elevations 17 in such a way that the legs 13 are each guided through the base 2 of the storage element 1 in the region of such an elevation 17, in which case in particular those when the connecting parts or the sections 13 " Particularly advantageous effects of the frustoconical or mushroom-shaped shape of the elevations 17 are present where the greatest forces are exerted on the storage element 1 when the connecting parts or sections 13 "(arrow A) are bent open.
  • the arrangement of the projections 16 and 17 in the longitudinal groove 5 on the one hand ensures that these projections do not protrude above the top of the bottom regions 2 '.
  • the arrangement of the projections 16 and 17 in the longitudinal groove 5 also ensures that the bottom 2 of the process element is positively anchored in the concrete of the concrete wall 15 by the dovetail-shaped cross section of the longitudinal groove 5, where the projections 16 and 17, respectively are effective to increase the thrust transmission, so that the floor 2 or the floor area 7 can not lift off the concrete of the concrete component 15 and thus the projections 16 and 17 are fully effective.
  • the depth of the longitudinal groove 5 is substantially smaller than the height of the storage element 1 determined by the width of the legs 3 and 4.
  • the part of the interior space 6 below the longitudinal groove 5 can also accommodate the Connection parts or sections 13 "are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus to be incorporated in a formwork for a concrete building element, for example concrete wall, for retaining reinforcing rods to be anchored in this concrete building element, consisting of a profiled retaining element (1) having two legs (3, 4) and a base (2), through which the reinforcing rods (12) are passed at passage points in such a way that their anchoring regions are arranged on one side of the base (2) and their connecting parts to be bent out for connection to a concrete building element to be connected subsequently are arranged on the other side of the base (2) in an interior space, formed by the retaining element (1), of this element, the base (2) having between the two legs (3, 4) at least one partial region of dovetailed cross-sectional profile, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the retaining element. The invention is distinguished in that at least one projection (16) is formed in the base (2) at the said partial region. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine zum Einsetzen in eine Schalung für ein Betonbauteil, beispielsweise Betonwand, dienende Vorrichtung gemäß Oberbegriff Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a device for inserting into a formwork for a concrete component, for example a concrete wall, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine solche, auch als "Bewehrungsanschluß" bezeichnete Vorrichtung ist bekannt (DE-U- 85 30 376). Diese Vorrichtung dient dazu, im Anschlußbereich zwischen einem zuerst erstellten Betonbauteil und einem angeschlossenen Betonbauteil eine Anschlußarmierung zu schaffen, wobei auch das Verwahrungselement im Beton zwischen Betonbauteilen verbleibt.Such a device, also known as a "reinforcement connection", is known (DE-U-85 30 376). This device is used to create a connection reinforcement in the connection area between a concrete component created first and a connected concrete component, the storage element also remaining in the concrete between the concrete components.

Zu fordern ist von einem Bewehrungsanschluß, daß trotz des im Beton verbleibenden Verwahrungselementes im Anschlußbereich zwischen den beiden Betonbauteilen nicht nur eine statisch ausreichende Druck- und Zugkraftübertragung, sondern auch eine ausreichende Schubkraftübertragung in Achsrichtungen erreicht wird, die senkrecht zueinander sowie auch senkrecht zu derjenigen Achsrichtung verlaufen, in denen die Druck- und Zugkräfte wirken. Weiterhin ist bei einem Bewehrungsanschluß, bei dem das Verwahrungselement im Beton verbleibt, auch zu fordern, daß das Verwahrungselement mit dem Beton des zuerst erstellten Betonbauteils eine so innige Verbindung eingeht, daß ein Lösen des Verwahrungselementes bei dem vor dem Herstellen des anschließenden Betonbauteils notwendigen Aufbiegen der Anschlußteile der Bewehrungsstäbe nicht auftritt. Beide Forderungen sind bei dem bekannten Bewehrungsanschluß noch nicht in optimaler Weise erfüllt.It is required of a reinforcement connection that, despite the storage element remaining in the concrete in the connection area between the two concrete components, not only is a statically sufficient pressure and tensile force transmission achieved, but also sufficient shear force transmission in axial directions which are perpendicular to one another and also perpendicular to that axial direction in which the compressive and tensile forces act. Furthermore, in the case of a reinforcement connection in which the storage element remains in the concrete, it must also be required that the storage element enter into such an intimate connection with the concrete of the concrete component first created that a loosening of the storage element during the bending up necessary before the subsequent concrete component is produced Connection parts of the reinforcing bars does not occur. Both requirements are not yet optimally met in the known reinforcement connection.

Bekannt ist weiterhin ein Bewehrungsanschluß (DE-A-35 35 254), der zwei parallel zueinander und im Abstand voneinander angeordnete, jeweils von einem langgestreckten Profil gebildete Verwahrungselemente und einen Formkörper besitzt, der für jedes Verwahrungselement einen Deckel bildet und zwischen den Verwahrungselementen mit einer Profilierung versehen ist. Nach dem Fertigstellen des zuerst erstellten Betonbauteils wird der Formkörper abgenommen, so daß die Anschlußteile der Bewehrungsstäbe zugänglich sind und aufgebogen werden können. Durch die Profilierung des Formteils weist der Beton des zuerst erstellten Betonbauteils zwischen den beiden Verwahrungselementen eine profilierte Oberfläche auf. Hierdurch wird zwar nach dem Fertigstellen des anschließenden Betonbauteils im Beton eine Verzahnung und dort eine Verbesserung der Schubkraftübertragung erreicht. Maßnahmen, um bei im Beton verbleibenden Verwahrungselementen, deren Verankerung im Beton für eine Optimierung der Schubkraftübertragung sowie für eine Vermeidung eines Lösens der Verwahrungselemente vom Beton, sind aber bei diesem bekannten Bewehrungsanschluß nicht vorgesehen.Also known is a reinforcement connection (DE-A-35 35 254), which has two storage elements arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another, each formed by an elongated profile, and a molded body which has one for each storage element Forms lid and is provided with a profile between the storage elements. After completion of the concrete component created first, the molded body is removed so that the connecting parts of the reinforcing bars are accessible and can be bent. By profiling the molded part, the concrete of the concrete component created first has a profiled surface between the two storage elements. As a result, a toothing is achieved in the concrete after the completion of the subsequent concrete component and an improvement in the thrust force transmission is achieved there. Measures in order to keep the storage elements in the concrete, their anchoring in the concrete for an optimization of the thrust force transmission and for avoiding a detachment of the storage elements from the concrete, are not provided in this known reinforcement connection.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art aufzuzeigen, die eine wesentlich verbesserte Einbindung bzw. Verankerung des Verwahrungselementes im Beton sicherstellt.The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, which ensures a significantly improved integration or anchoring of the storage element in the concrete.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist eine Vorrichtung entsprechend dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 ausgebildet.To achieve this object, a device is designed according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung wird erreicht, daß das Verwahrungselement bereits im Beton des zu zuerst erstellten Betonbauteils zuverlässig eingebettet ist, so daß einem evtl. Lösen des Verwahrungselementes beim Aufbiegen der Anschlußteile wirkungsvoll entgegengewirkt wird. Weiterhin wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung trotz des im Beton verbliebenen Verwahrungselementes auch eine optimale Schubkraftübertragung gewährleistet. Beides wird durch die Kombinations- bzw. Wechselwirkung des das schwalbenschwanzförmige Querschnittsprofil aufweisenden Teilbereichs und der wenigstens einen Erhebung an diesem Teilbereich erreicht, die (Wechselwirkung darin besteht, daß einerseits durch die Erhebung das Verwahrungselement auch in Längsrichtung des schwalbenschwanzförmigen Querschnittsprofils formschlüssig im Beton verankert ist, und daß dort, wo diese Erhebung vorgesehen und wirksam ist, der schwalbenschwanzförmige Profilquerschnitt ein Abheben des Vorauselementes vom Beton wirksam verhindert, so daß hierdurch wiederum die volle Wirksamkeit der Erhebung gewährleistet ist.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist dieser das schwalbenschwanzartige Querschnittsprofil aufweisende Teilbereich von wenigstens einer Längsnut mit schwalbenschwanzförmigem Querschnitt gebildet, wobei dann bevorzugt in dieser Längsnut mehrere, in Richtung der Längsnut aufeinanderfolgende Erhebungen vorgesehen sind. Die Erhebungen selbst können unterschiedlichste Formgebung aufweisen, sie sind jedoch bevorzugt so ausgebildet, daß sie quer zur Längsnut bzw. Längserstreckung des Verwahrungselementes eine gleichbleibende Höhe aufweisen.The configuration according to the invention ensures that the storage element is already reliably embedded in the concrete of the concrete component to be created first, so that any loosening of the storage element when bending the connecting parts is effectively counteracted. Furthermore, the design according to the invention also ensures optimal transmission of thrust despite the storage element remaining in the concrete. Both are achieved by the combination or interaction of the partial area having the dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile and the at least one elevation on this partial area, which (interaction consists in the fact that, on the one hand, the storage element is caused by the elevation is also positively anchored in the concrete in the longitudinal direction of the dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile, and that where this elevation is provided and effective, the dovetail-shaped profile cross-section effectively prevents the advance element from being lifted off the concrete, so that this in turn ensures the full effectiveness of the elevation.
In a preferred embodiment, this partial area, which has the dovetail-like cross-sectional profile, is formed by at least one longitudinal groove with a dovetail-shaped cross-section, in which case a plurality of elevations which follow one another in the direction of the longitudinal groove are then preferably provided. The elevations themselves can have a wide variety of shapes, but they are preferably designed such that they have a constant height transverse to the longitudinal groove or longitudinal extent of the storage element.

Bei einer anderen, bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Erhebungen pilz- oder kegelstumpfartig derart geformt, daß sie einen sich mit zunehmendem Abstand vom Boden des Verwahrungselementes vergrößernden Querschnitt besitzen. Durch die in der Längsnut vorgesehenen Vorsprünge bzw. Erhebungen wird eine Schubkraftübertragung in Längsrichtung des Verwahrungselementes erreicht. Durch den schwalbenschwanzförmigen Querschnitt der Längsnut ist dabei dafür gesorgt, daß der Boden des Verwahrungselementes formschlüssig mit dem anschließenden Beton verbunden ist und somit von diesem Beton (in Richtung senkrecht zur Bodenebene) auch nicht abheben kann, womit dann auch die Vorsprünge in ihrer Wirkung voll zur Geltung kommen können.In another preferred embodiment, the elevations are shaped like a mushroom or a truncated cone in such a way that they have a cross section which increases with increasing distance from the bottom of the storage element. The projections or elevations provided in the longitudinal groove achieve a transmission of thrust in the longitudinal direction of the storage element. The dovetail-shaped cross section of the longitudinal groove ensures that the bottom of the storage element is positively connected to the subsequent concrete and thus cannot lift off from this concrete (in the direction perpendicular to the floor plane), which then also fully effects the projections Can come into effect.

Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Figuren an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
im Querschnitt eine zum Einsetzen in eine Schalung für ein Betonbauteil dienende Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung:
Fig. 2
in Draufsicht eine Teillänge des Verwahrungselementes der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie I-I der Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
eine ähnliche Darstellung wie Fig. 2, bei einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie II-II der Fig.4;
Fig. 6 und 7
eine Teillänge der in dem zuerst erstellten Betonbauteil eingebetteten Vorrichtung im Längsschnitt bzw. einen Querschnitt der Vorrichtung ähnlich Fig. 1, jedoch zusammen mit den beiden aneinander anschließenden Betonbauteilen.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
Fig. 1
In cross-section a device according to the invention for inserting into a formwork for a concrete component:
Fig. 2
in plan view a partial length of the storage element of the device according to FIG. 1;
Fig. 3
a section along the line II of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
a representation similar to Figure 2, in a modified embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5
a section along the line II-II of Figure 4;
6 and 7
a partial length of the device embedded in the first created concrete component in longitudinal section or a cross section of the device similar to FIG. 1, but together with the two adjoining concrete components.

Die in den Figuren dargestellte Vorrichtung besteht aus einem kasten- oder profilförmigen Verwahrungselement 1, welches aus Stahlblech vorzugsweise mit aufgerauhter Oberfläche hergestellt ist. Das Verwahrungselement 1 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Boden 2 und aus zwei einstückig mit diesem Boden durch Abwinkeln hergestellten und sich über die gesamte Länge des Verwahrungselementes erstreckenden Schenkeln 3 und 4 die mit der Ebene des Bodens 2 bzw. mit den Oberflächenseiten der unmittelbar an die Schenkel 3 und 4 anschließenden Bodenbereiche 2' ein Winkel kleiner als 90° einschließen, so daß das Verwahrungselement 1 einen durch die Schenkel 3 und 4 gebildeten in etwa schwalbenschwanzförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.The device shown in the figures consists of a box-shaped or profile-shaped storage element 1, which is made of sheet steel, preferably with a roughened surface. The storage element 1 consists essentially of a base 2 and two legs 3 and 4 which are made in one piece with this base by angling and extend over the entire length of the storage element and which are level with the base 2 or with the surface sides of the legs 3 and 4 adjoining bottom regions 2 'enclose an angle of less than 90 °, so that the storage element 1 has an approximately dovetail-shaped cross section formed by the legs 3 and 4.

In seiner Mitte ist der Boden 2 mit einer sich über die gesamte Länge des Verwahrungselementes 1 erstreckenden Längsnut versehen, die bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform so ausgebildet ist, daß das Material des Bodens im Bereich dieser Längsnut 5 in den vom Boden 2 und den Schenkeln 3 und 4 begrenzten Innenraum 6 des Verwahrungselementes 1 hineingezogen ist. Die zwischen den beiden, an die Schenkel 3 und 4 unmittelbar angrenzenden Bereichen 2' des Bodens liegende Längsnut 5 besitzt ebenfalls einen schwalbenschwanzförmigen Querschnitt, d.h. diese Längsnut ist von einem parallel zu den Bereichen 2' liegenden Bodenbereich 7 sowie von zwei Schenkelbereichen 8 und 9 gebildet, die jeweils mit dem Bodenbereich 7 einen spitzen Winkel einschließen, in die Bereiche 2' des Bodens übergehen und dort an der dem Innenraum 6 zugewendeten Seite mit dem jeweiligen Bereich 2' ebenfalls einen spitzen Winkel bilden.In the middle of the bottom 2 is provided with a longitudinal groove extending over the entire length of the storage element 1, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment so that the material of the bottom in the region of this longitudinal groove 5 in the from the bottom 2 and the legs 3 and 4 limited interior 6 of the storage element 1 is drawn. The longitudinal groove 5 lying between the two regions 2 'of the base immediately adjacent to the legs 3 and 4 also has a dovetail cross-section, i.e. this longitudinal groove is formed by a floor area 7 lying parallel to the areas 2 'and by two leg areas 8 and 9, each of which forms an acute angle with the floor area 7, merges into the areas 2' of the floor and there faces the interior 6 Side with the respective area 2 'also form an acute angle.

An den dem Boden entfernt liegenden und sich in Längsrichtung des Verwahrungselementes 1 erstreckenden freien Kanten sind die Schenkel 3 und 4 jeweils noch mit einer, sich ebenfalls über die gesamte Länge des Verwahrungselementes erstreckenden Abwinklung 10 bzw. 11 versehen, die über die Außenfläche des jeweiligen Schenkels 3 bzw. 4 vorsteht und mit dieser Außenfläche einen spitzen Winkel einschließt.On the free edges lying away from the floor and extending in the longitudinal direction of the storage element 1, the legs 3 and 4 are each provided with an angled portion 10 and 11, which also extends over the entire length of the storage element, over the outer surface of the respective leg 3 or 4 protrudes and forms an acute angle with this outer surface.

Die dargestellte Vorrichtung besitzt weiterhin mehrere Bewehrungsstäbe 12, die jeweils U-förmig bzw. als Bügel gebogen sind und somit jeweils zwei Schenkel 13 und einen diesen Schenkel verbindenden Jochabschnitt 14 aufweisen. Die mit den Jochabschnitten 14 senkrecht zur Längserstreckung des Verwahrungselementes 1 angeordneten Bewehrungsstäbe 12 sind mit ihren Schenkeln 13 so durch die Bereiche 2' des Bodens 2 hindurchgeführt, daß jeweils ein Schenkel 13 die entsprechende Durchtrittsstelle durch den Boden 2 an dem in der Fig. 1 linken Bereich 2' und der andere Schenkel 13 jedes U-förmig gebogenen Bewehrungsstabes 12 die entsprechende Durchtrittsstelle an dem in der Fig. 1 rechten Bereich 2' aufweist.The device shown also has a plurality of reinforcing bars 12, each of which is U-shaped or bent as a bracket and thus each has two legs 13 and a yoke section 14 connecting this leg. The reinforcement bars 12, which are arranged with the yoke sections 14 perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the storage element 1, are guided with their legs 13 through the areas 2 'of the floor 2 in such a way that each leg 13 has the corresponding passage point through the floor 2 at the one on the left in FIG. 1 Area 2 'and the other legs 13 of each U-shaped reinforcing bar 12 have the corresponding passage point at the area 2 'on the right in FIG. 1.

Jeder Schenkel 13 besteht aus einem ersten Abschnitt 13', der sich unmittelbar an den Jochabschnitt 14 anschließt, über die den Innenraum 6 abgewandte Außenfläche des Bodens 2 senkrecht nach außen vorsteht und zusammen mit dem anderen Abschnitt 13' und dem Jochabschnitt 14 den Verankerungsbereich des betreffenden Bewehrungsstabes 12 bildet. Ein zweiter Abschnitt 13" jedes Schenkels 13 ist in etwa senkrecht zum Abschnitt 13' abgebogen und ist im Innenraum 6 des Verwahrungselementes 1 angeordnet, wobei die Abschnitte 13" die später herauszubiegenden Anschlußteile der Bewehrungsstäbe 12 bilden.Each leg 13 consists of a first section 13 ', which directly adjoins the yoke section 14, projects vertically outwards beyond the outer surface of the base 2 facing away from the interior space 6 and, together with the other section 13' and the yoke section 14, the anchoring area of the relevant section Reinforcing bar 12 forms. A second section 13 "of each leg 13 is bent approximately perpendicular to the section 13 'and is arranged in the interior 6 of the storage element 1, the sections 13" forming the connecting parts of the reinforcing bars 12 to be bent out later.

Beim Herstellen des zuerst zu erstellenden Betonbauteils, beispielsweise der Betonwand 15 wird die Vorrichtung vor dem Einbringen des Betons derart in die betreffende Schalung eingesetzt, daß das an seiner offenen Längsseite (zwischen den Abwinklungen 10 und 11) durch einen Deckel sowie an seinen beiden Stirnseiten durch Abschlußelemente verschlossene Verwahrungselement 1 mit der durch den Deckel verschlossenen Längsseite gegen die Innenfläche einer Schalungswand anliegt. Beim Betonieren der Betonwand 15 ist der durch das Verwahrungselement 1 begrenzte Innenraum 6 von dem in die Schalung eingebrachten Beton freigehalten. Nach dem Betonieren der Betonwand 15 sind die Verankerungsbereiche der Bewehrungsstäbe 12 sowie auch das Verwahrungselement 1 mit seinen Abwinklungen 10 und 11 im Beton eingebettet. Auch die Längsnut 5 ist mit Beton ausgefüllt.In the manufacture of the concrete component to be created first, for example the concrete wall 15, the device is inserted into the formwork in question before the concrete is introduced in such a way that on its open long side (between the bends 10 and 11) through a cover and on its two end faces Closure elements closed storage element 1 with the longitudinal side closed by the cover abuts against the inner surface of a formwork wall. When concreting the concrete wall 15, the interior space 6 delimited by the storage element 1 is kept free of the concrete introduced into the formwork. After concreting the concrete wall 15, the anchoring areas of the reinforcing bars 12 and also the storage element 1 with its bends 10 and 11 are embedded in the concrete. The longitudinal groove 5 is also filled with concrete.

Nach dem Entschalen der Betonwand 15 werden die Anschlußteile bzw. Abschnitte 13" der Bewehrungsstäbe 12 entsprechend dem Pfeil A der Fig. 2 aufgebogen, so daß diese Anschlußteile bzw. Abschnitte 13" dann beim Erstellen des anzuschließenden Betonbauteils, nämlich beispielsweise der Betonwand 18 in den dortigen Beton eingebettet sind. Durch den schwalbenschwanzförmigen Querschnitt des Verwahrungselementes 1, durch die ebenfalls im Querschnitt schwalbenschwanzförmige Ausbildung der Längsnut 5 sowie durch die Abwinklungen 10 und 11 wird im Anschlußbereich zwischen den Betonwänden 15 und 16 über das dort ebenfalls vollständig im Beton eingebettete Verwahrungselement 1 auch eine ausreichende Schubkraftübertragung zwischen den beiden Betonwänden 15 und 16 in Richtung quer zur Längserstreckung des Verwahrungselementes 1 (Doppelpfeil B der Fig. 7) erreicht.After removing the formwork from the concrete wall 15, the connecting parts or sections 13 "of the reinforcing bars 12 are bent in accordance with the arrow A in FIG. 2, so that these connecting parts or sections 13" are then used when creating the concrete component to be connected, namely, for example, the concrete wall 18 in the there are embedded concrete. Due to the dovetail cross section of the storage element 1, due to the dovetail-shaped design of the longitudinal groove 5 as well as through the bends 10 and 11, in the connection area between the concrete walls 15 and 16 there is also a sufficient transmission of shear force between the two concrete walls 15 and 16 in the storage element 1 which is also completely embedded in the concrete there Direction transverse to the longitudinal extent of the storage element 1 (double arrow B of FIG. 7) reached.

Um zwischen den Betonbauteilen 15 und 16 die Schubkraftübertragung in Längsrichtung des Verwahrungselementes 1 (Doppelpfeil C der Fig. 6) zu verbessern, sind im Bereich der Längsnut 5 mehrere wulstartige Erhebungen 16 vorgesehen, die über die dem Innenraum 6 abgewendete Oberflächenseite des Bodenbereichs 7 der Längsnut 5 wegstehen und die durch Herausdrücken aus dem Material des Verwahrungselementes gebildet sind.In order to improve the shear force transmission in the longitudinal direction of the storage element 1 (double arrow C of FIG. 6) between the concrete components 15 and 16, several bead-like elevations 16 are provided in the region of the longitudinal groove 5, which over the surface side of the bottom region 7 of the longitudinal groove facing away from the interior 6 5 stand out and are formed by pressing out of the material of the storage element.

Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform sind diese Erhebungen 16, die nahezu die gesamte Breite der Längsnut 5 einnehmen, teilzylinderförmig derart gewölbt, daß die jeweilige Zylinderachse senkrecht zur Längserstreckung des Verwahrungselementes 1 liegt, so daß jede Erhebung 16 nahezu über die gesamte Breite der Längsnut 5 mit gleicher Höhe h über den Bodenbereich 7 der Längsnut 5 vorsteht und somit über ihre gesamte, quer zur Längsnut 5 bzw. zur Längserstreckung des Verwahrungselementes 1 verlaufende Breite b voll im Sinne einer Verbesserung der Schubkraftübertragung in Richtung des Pfeiles C wirksam ist. Selbstverständlich ist für die Erhebungen 16, die im übrigen nicht über die Bereiche 2' aus der Längsnut 5 vorstehen, auch eine andere Formgebung möglich. Anzustreben ist nur, daß diese Erhebungen über ihre gesamte Breite b möglichst eine gleichbleibende Höhe h besitzen. Die Unterbringung der Erhebungen 16 in der Längsnut 5 hat den Vorteil, daß durch diese Erhebungen der tatsächliche Außenquerschnitt des Verwahrungselementes 1 nicht vergrößert wird, was u.a. dann von Bedeutung ist, wenn das Verwahrungselement 1 getrennt von den Bewehrungsstäben 12 bzw. ohne diese Bewehrungsstäbe an den jeweiligen Verwendungsort oder an einen Hersteller geliefert wird, der unter Verwendung des Verwahrungselementes und der Bewehrungsstäbe 12 die dargestellte Vorrichtung zusammenbaut.In the embodiment shown, these elevations 16, which take up almost the entire width of the longitudinal groove 5, are curved in the shape of a partial cylinder in such a way that the respective cylinder axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the storage element 1, so that each elevation 16 has the same length over almost the entire width of the longitudinal groove 5 Height h protrudes above the bottom region 7 of the longitudinal groove 5 and is thus fully effective in the sense of an improvement in the transmission of thrust in the direction of the arrow C over its entire width b extending transversely to the longitudinal groove 5 or to the longitudinal extent of the storage element 1. Of course, a different shape is also possible for the elevations 16, which, moreover, do not protrude beyond the regions 2 'from the longitudinal groove 5. It is only desirable that these elevations have a constant height h over their entire width b. The accommodation of the elevations 16 in the longitudinal groove 5 has the advantage that the actual outer cross section of the storage element 1 is not increased by these elevations, which is important, inter alia, when the storage element 1 is separate from the reinforcing bars 12 or without these reinforcing bars is delivered to the respective place of use or to a manufacturer who assembles the device shown using the storage element and the reinforcing bars 12.

In den Figuren 4 und 5 ist eine Ausführung wiedergegeben, bei der anstelle der Erhebungen 16 oder aber zusätzlich zu diesen Erhebungen innerhalb der Längsnut 5 Erhebungen 17 vorgesehen sind, die ebenfalls über die den Innenraum 6 abgewendete Oberflächenseite des Bodenbereichs 7 vorstehen. Die Erhebungen 17 sind pilz- oder kegelstumpfartig derart ausgebildet, daß sie in Querschnittsebenen parallel zu dem Bodenbereich 7 einen beispielsweise kreisförmigen Querschnitt besitzen, der sich mit zunehmendem Abstand vom Bodenbereich 7 vergrößert. Die Erhebungen 17 werden beispielsweise dadurch hergestellt, daß aus dem Material des Verwahrungselementes 1 zunächst ein beispielsweise zylinderförmiger Vorsprung herausgedrückt, wie dies in der Fig. 5 bei 17' mit unterbrochenen Linien angedeutet ist, und daß dann mit einem geeigneten Werkzeug auf die Oberseite dieses Vorsprunges 17' eine Druckkraft entsprechend dem Pfeil P ausgeübt wird, so daß sich der Vorsprung 17' schließlich in die Erhebung 17 verformt. Durch die pilz- oder kegelstumpfförmige Ausbildung der Erhebungen 17 wirken diese bei in der Betonwand 15 eingebundenem Verwahrungselement 1 in ähnlicher Weise wie die mehrfach schwalbenschwanzförmige Ausbildung (schwalbenschwanzförmiger Querschnitt durch die Schenkel 4 und 5 sowie schwalbenschwanzförmige Längsnut 5) des Verwahrungselementes 1, d.h. das Verwahrungselement 1 ist insbesondere nach der Fertigstellung der Betonwand 15 in dieser durch die mehrfach schwalbenschwanzförmige Ausbildung des Verwahrungselementes 1 sowie durch die spezielle Ausbildung der Erhebungen 17 derart fest eingebettet, daß sich insbesondere auch bei einem Aufbiegen der Anschlußteile bzw. Abschnitte 13" (Pfeil A) keine Lockerung des Verwahrungselementes 1 ergibt. Durch die beschriebene Ausbildung der Erhebungen 17 und durch die hierbei erzielte Wirkung kann bei Verwendung der Erhebungen 17 auch auf die schwalbenschwanzförmige Längsnut 5 ganz verzichtet werden, d.h. in diesem Fall ist das Verwahrungselement dann mit einem ebenen Boden 2 versehen, an welchem die Erhebungen 17 vorgesehen sind. Hierbei kann es dann auch zweckmäßig sein, die Erhebungen 17 so vorzusehen, daß die Schenkel 13 jeweils im Bereich einer solchen Erhebung 17 durch den Boden 2 des Verwahrungselementes 1 hindurchgeführt sind, wobei dann insbesondere auch die beim Aufbiegen der Anschlußteile bzw. der Abschnitte 13" besonders vorteilhaften Wirkungen der kegelstumpf- bzw. pilzförmigen Formgebung der Erhebungen 17 unmittelbar dort vorhanden sind, wo beim Aufbiegen der Anschlußteile bzw. Abschnitte 13" (Pfeil A) die größten Kräfte auf das Verwahrungselement 1 ausgeübt werden.FIGS. 4 and 5 show an embodiment in which, instead of the elevations 16 or in addition to these elevations, 5 elevations 17 are provided within the longitudinal groove, which also protrude beyond the surface side of the base region 7 facing away from the interior 6. The elevations 17 are formed like a mushroom or a truncated cone in such a way that they have, for example, a circular cross section in cross-sectional planes parallel to the base region 7, which cross section increases with increasing distance from the base region 7. The elevations 17 are produced, for example, by first pressing out, for example, a cylindrical projection from the material of the storage element 1, as indicated by broken lines in FIG. 5 at 17 ', and then using a suitable tool on the top of this projection 17 'a compressive force is exerted in accordance with the arrow P, so that the projection 17' finally deforms into the elevation 17. Due to the mushroom-shaped or truncated cone-shaped design of the elevations 17, when the storage element 1 is integrated in the concrete wall 15, they act in a manner similar to the multi-dovetail design (dovetail cross-section through the legs 4 and 5 and dovetail-shaped longitudinal groove 5) of the storage element 1, that is to say the storage element 1 is in particular after the completion of the concrete wall 15 in this by the multiple dovetail-shaped design of the storage element 1 and by the special design of the elevations 17 so firmly embedded that there is no loosening especially when the connecting parts or sections 13 "(arrow A) are bent open of the storage element 1. Due to the described design of the elevations 17 and the effect achieved in this way, when the elevations 17 are used, the dovetail shape can also be used Longitudinal groove 5 are completely dispensed with, ie in this case the storage element is then provided with a flat bottom 2 on which the elevations 17 are provided. It may then also be expedient to provide the elevations 17 in such a way that the legs 13 are each guided through the base 2 of the storage element 1 in the region of such an elevation 17, in which case in particular those when the connecting parts or the sections 13 " Particularly advantageous effects of the frustoconical or mushroom-shaped shape of the elevations 17 are present where the greatest forces are exerted on the storage element 1 when the connecting parts or sections 13 "(arrow A) are bent open.

Durch die Anordnung der Vorsprünge 16 bzw. 17 in der Längsnut 5 wird einerseits erreicht, daß diese Vorsprünge nicht über die Oberseite der Bodenbereiche 2' wegstehen. Andererseits wird durch die Anordnung der Vorsprünge 16 bzw. 17 in der Längsnut 5 auch erreicht, daß der Boden 2 des Verfahrenselementes durch den schwalbenschwanzförmigen Querschnitt der Längsnut 5 unmittelbar dort im Beton der Betonwand 15 formschlüssig verankert ist, wo auch die Vorsprünge 16 bzw. 17 zur Erhöhung der Schubkraftübertragung wirksam sind, so daß der Boden 2 bzw. der Bodenbereich 7 nicht vom Beton des Betonbauteils 15 abheben kann und damit die Vorsprünge 16 und 17 voll zur Wirkung kommen.The arrangement of the projections 16 and 17 in the longitudinal groove 5 on the one hand ensures that these projections do not protrude above the top of the bottom regions 2 '. On the other hand, the arrangement of the projections 16 and 17 in the longitudinal groove 5 also ensures that the bottom 2 of the process element is positively anchored in the concrete of the concrete wall 15 by the dovetail-shaped cross section of the longitudinal groove 5, where the projections 16 and 17, respectively are effective to increase the thrust transmission, so that the floor 2 or the floor area 7 can not lift off the concrete of the concrete component 15 and thus the projections 16 and 17 are fully effective.

Wie insbesondere aus der Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, ist die Tiefe der Längsnut 5 wesentlich kleiner als die durch die Breite der Schenkel 3 und 4 bestimmte Höhe des Verwahrungselementes 1. Damit kann auch der unterhalb der Längsnut 5 liegende Teil des Innenraumes 6 zur Aufnahme der Anschlußteile bzw. Abschnitte 13" verwendet werden.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the depth of the longitudinal groove 5 is substantially smaller than the height of the storage element 1 determined by the width of the legs 3 and 4. Thus, the part of the interior space 6 below the longitudinal groove 5 can also accommodate the Connection parts or sections 13 "are used.

Die Erfindung wurde voranstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben. Es versteht sich, daß Änderungen sowie Abwandlungen möglich sind, ohne daß dadurch der der Erfindung zugrundeliegende, in den Ansprüchen definierte Erfindungsgedanke verlassen wird.The invention has been described above using an exemplary embodiment. It goes without saying that changes and modifications are possible without thereby departing from the inventive idea on which the invention is based and which is defined in the claims.

Claims (10)

  1. A device used for insertion in a shuttering for an initially constructed concrete component (15), for example a concrete wall, and intended for the flashing of reinforcement rods (12) to be anchored in the said concrete component (15), comprising a profiled flashing element (1) having two sides (3, 4) and a base (2) through which the reinforcement rods (12) are passed at traversing points in such a way that their anchoring areas (13', 14) are arranged on one side and their connexion parts (13") to be bent out for connexion to a concrete component (18) to be subsequently attached are arranged on the other side of the base in an inner space (6) formed by the flashing element (1), the base (2) between the two sides (3, 4) having at least one partial area (5) which extends in the longitudinal direction of the flashing element (1) and which has a dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile, and the flashing element (1) including the partial area (5) formed in the base (2) remains in the concrete between the initially constructed concrete component (15) and the attached concrete component (18), characterized in that at least one raised portion (16, 17) is formed on the aforesaid partial area (5) in the base (12).
  2. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the partial area (5) - having the dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile - on the outer side of the base (2) remote from the inner space (6) forms a depression and the raised portion (16, 17) - of which there is at least one - on the said outer side forms a projection arranged on the depression.
  3. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the partial area (5) - having the dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile - on the outer side of the base remote from the inner space (6) of the flashing element (1) forms a projection and the raised portion - of which there is at least one - on the said outer side forms a depression provided in the region of the projection.
  4. A device according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the partial area - having the dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile - is formed by a dovetail-shaped longitudinal groove (5), the depth of which is preferably less than the height of the flashing element (1).
  5. A device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the longitudinal groove (5) is open on the outer side of the base (2) remote from the inner space (6).
  6. A device according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at least one raised portion (16), preferably a plurality of such raised portions (16), is provided in the longitudinal groove (5).
  7. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the raised portion (16) - of which there is at least one - has a substantially uniform height (h) in an axial direction transverse to or at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the flashing element (1).
  8. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the raised portion (16) - of which there is at least one - is made bulged or in the shape of a mushroom or frustum.
  9. A device according to any one of Claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the raised portion (16) - of which there is at least one - extends over almost the entire width of the groove-shaped depression (5).
  10. A device according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the raised portion (17) shaped like a mushroom or frustum also forms at the same time a partial area with the dovetail-shaped cross-sectional profile.
EP88121457A 1987-12-29 1988-12-22 Apparatus to be incorporated in a formwork for concrete building elements Expired - Lifetime EP0322751B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88121457T ATE72867T1 (en) 1987-12-29 1988-12-22 DEVICE FOR INSERTING INTO FORMWORK FOR A CONCRETE ELEMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8717062U 1987-12-29
DE8717062U DE8717062U1 (en) 1987-12-29 1987-12-29 Device for insertion into a formwork for a concrete component

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0322751A1 EP0322751A1 (en) 1989-07-05
EP0322751B1 true EP0322751B1 (en) 1992-02-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88121457A Expired - Lifetime EP0322751B1 (en) 1987-12-29 1988-12-22 Apparatus to be incorporated in a formwork for concrete building elements

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EP (1) EP0322751B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE72867T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8717062U1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2964428D1 (en) * 1979-10-03 1983-02-03 Losinger Ag Construction joint shuttering comprising a former for supporting connecting bars
CH656418A5 (en) * 1981-11-06 1986-06-30 Pawe Ag ARMORING IRON HOLDER WITH ARMORING IRON FOR USE IN CONNECTING CONCRETE.
FI824194L (en) * 1982-12-07 1984-06-08 Rake Oy FOERTILLVERKAT BETONGARMERINGSELEMENT.
DE3535294A1 (en) * 1985-10-03 1987-04-09 Lothar Tiletschke Device for introduction into a shuttering for a concrete part
DE8530376U1 (en) * 1985-10-26 1986-04-24 Hifra GmbH, Olten Rebar connection
DE8705002U1 (en) * 1987-04-03 1987-08-20 Max Frank GmbH & Co KG, 8448 Leiblfing Installation aid for formwork of a concrete component in a connection area

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3868612D1 (en) 1992-04-02
EP0322751A1 (en) 1989-07-05
DE8717062U1 (en) 1988-04-07
ATE72867T1 (en) 1992-03-15

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