EP0239069B1 - Printed-circuit antenna array - Google Patents
Printed-circuit antenna array Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0239069B1 EP0239069B1 EP87104301A EP87104301A EP0239069B1 EP 0239069 B1 EP0239069 B1 EP 0239069B1 EP 87104301 A EP87104301 A EP 87104301A EP 87104301 A EP87104301 A EP 87104301A EP 0239069 B1 EP0239069 B1 EP 0239069B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- printed circuit
- front structure
- face
- antenna according
- radiating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a network antenna on a printed circuit.
- a network antenna on a printed circuit appears as a plate, consisting of one or more superposed printed circuits, one of which has on one of its faces radiating dipoles, and on the other face an energy distribution tree. .
- These printed circuit boards have a surface area substantially equivalent to the parabolic antennas of equivalent gain and must be rigidly held by a rear structure.
- This rear structure prevents “deviations” and deformations due to wind and gravity, it requires an interface with the printed circuit.
- the object of the invention is to lighten or even eliminate this rear structure by stiffening the antenna by a front plate with radiating openings.
- European patent application EP-A 0 089 084 describes a receiver or radiating element of microwave signals with left and right circular polarizations successively comprising a first insulating layer in which is provided a mini-horn of square section whose inner surface is metallized, a first supply network for the reception of signals whose polarization is of a first type, a second insulating layer in which a mini waveguide is provided with the same square section on the side of the first network and of rectangular section with the other end, and also of metallized inner surface, a second supply network for the reception of signals whose polarization is perpendicular to that of the signals received by the first network, and a third insulating layer in which is provided a mini waveguide of the same rectangular section on the side of the second network, and short-circuited so that its length is less than the thickness of this third layer.
- the invention for its part, provides a network antenna on a printed circuit, of elongated shape, comprising at least one printed circuit, this first printed circuit consisting of a substrate on which radiating elements are arranged on a first face, a energy distribution shaft on a second face, and an elongated front structure, superimposed on the first face of this printed circuit, this front structure consisting of a substrate pierced with radiating openings arranged facing the radiating elements of this printed circuit, characterized in that the substrate which constitutes the front structure is at least metallized on the surface and in that traps, made up of annular grooves, are placed around the outer ends of the openings drilled in the front structure.
- the invention comprises a second circuit which is superimposed by its first face on the second face of the first printed circuit, a ground plane being arranged on the second face of this second printed circuit.
- the proposed solution makes it possible to limit the couplings between radiating elements, a drawback that is encountered on conventional network antennas.
- this structure makes it possible to place traps around the openings.
- the front structure has the advantage of protecting the antenna from mechanical shock (projectiles, transport, etc.) and makes it possible to tension a flexible radome without difficulty.
- the known art network antenna represented in FIG. 1, is in the form of a plate made up of a first 10 and a second 11 superposed printed circuits, the first having on one of its faces of the radiating dipoles 12 and on the other a power distribution shaft 13 which makes it possible to supply these dipoles by bushings 14 to allow these dipoles 12 to emit radioelectric radiation and the second having on its second face, which is external, a ground plane 15.
- the size of the radiating dipoles 12, of the energy distribution shaft 13, and of the ground plane 15 have been voluntarily increased for the clarity of the drawing, but these are simple metallic deposits.
- this antenna has a rear structure 16 which makes it possible to stiffen it.
- the array antenna according to the invention also includes two printed circuits 10, 11 as described above, but the rear structure 16 has been lightened.
- This antenna further comprises a front structure 20 consisting of a metal plate, pierced with openings 21 of conical shapes, superimposed on the first face of the first printed circuit 10, each opening 21, of direction perpendicular to the surface of this first circuit printed 10, facing a radiating element 12.
- a radome 22 protects the antenna in bad weather.
- the front structure 20 makes it possible to stiffen the antenna, and to vary the radiation pattern of the antenna, using different directions of opening.
- Annular grooves 30 are drilled in the metal plate, which composes the front structure 20, around the outer ends of the openings 21 to form traps which allow the radiation pattern to be symmetrical.
- FIG. 3 represents a variant of the invention in which the radiating elements are consist of a patch 23 disposed at the end of a small rod 24, which makes it possible to modify the radiation pattern of this antenna.
- the antenna according to the invention can be used for example in a frequency range from 1 GHz to more than 20 GHz. The higher the frequency, the closer the radiating elements and the more the thickness of the front structure decreases.
- the front structure 20 can consist for example of a plastic substrate whose surfaces have been metallized.
- the rear structure 16 is no longer compulsory, because the antenna can be fixed using the front structure 20.
- the elements can be, as shown in Figure 2, radiating dipoles 12 linked to the distribution shaft 13 by the printed circuit. But it can also be small antennas, linked to the distribution shaft by the printed circuit, or any other form of radiating elements.
- the radiating openings 21 can take shapes other than conical, for example cylindrical shapes, the dimensions of which will depend on the frequency and the desired gain and the axis of each opening can be oriented at will relative to the direction normal to the plate supporting the radiating elements, in order to conform the antenna lobe as desired. These openings can be arranged with respect to each other in a manner different from that shown in FIG. 3. In fact their position depends on that of the radiating elements on the first printed circuit.
- the antenna of the invention has been shown in the form of a plate, but it can have any shape: cylindrical, conical, and even a variable thickness, allowing it to adapt to any existing structure.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à une antenne réseau sur circuit imprimé.The present invention relates to a network antenna on a printed circuit.
Une antenne réseau sur circuit imprimé se présente comme une plaque, constituée d'un ou plusieurs circuits imprimés superposés, dont l' un a sur une de ses faces des dipoles rayonnants, et sur l'autre face un arbre de distribution de l'énergie.A network antenna on a printed circuit appears as a plate, consisting of one or more superposed printed circuits, one of which has on one of its faces radiating dipoles, and on the other face an energy distribution tree. .
Ces plaques de circuit imprimé ont une surface sensiblement équivalente aux antennes paraboliques de gain équivalent et doivent être maintenues rigidement par une structure arrière.These printed circuit boards have a surface area substantially equivalent to the parabolic antennas of equivalent gain and must be rigidly held by a rear structure.
Cette structure arrière empêche les «dépointages» et déformations dues au vent et à la gravité, elle nécessite une interface avec le circuit imprimé.This rear structure prevents “deviations” and deformations due to wind and gravity, it requires an interface with the printed circuit.
L'invention a pour objet d'alléger ou même de supprimer cette structure arrière en rigidifiant l'antenne par une plaque avant à ouvertures rayonnantes.The object of the invention is to lighten or even eliminate this rear structure by stiffening the antenna by a front plate with radiating openings.
Une demande de brevet européen EP-A 0 089 084 décrit un élément récepteur ou rayonnant de signaux hyperfréquences à polarisations circulaires gauche et droite comprenant successivement une première couche isolante dans laquelle est prévu un mini-cornet de section carrée dont la surface intérieure est métallisée, un premier réseau d'alimentation pour la réception des signaux dont la polarisation est d'un premier type, une deuxième couche isolante dans laquelle est prévu un mini-guide d'onde de même section carrée du côté du premier réseau et de section rectangulaire à l'autre extrémité, et de surface intérieure également métallisée, un deuxième réseau d'alimentation pour la réception des signaux dont la polarisation est perpendiculaire à celle des signaux reçus par le premier réseau, et une troisième couche isolante dans laquelle est prévu un mini-guide d'onde de même section rectangulaire du côté du deuxième réseau, et court-circuité de sorte que sa longueur est inférieure à l'épaisseur de cette troisième couche.European patent application EP-A 0 089 084 describes a receiver or radiating element of microwave signals with left and right circular polarizations successively comprising a first insulating layer in which is provided a mini-horn of square section whose inner surface is metallized, a first supply network for the reception of signals whose polarization is of a first type, a second insulating layer in which a mini waveguide is provided with the same square section on the side of the first network and of rectangular section with the other end, and also of metallized inner surface, a second supply network for the reception of signals whose polarization is perpendicular to that of the signals received by the first network, and a third insulating layer in which is provided a mini waveguide of the same rectangular section on the side of the second network, and short-circuited so that its length is less than the thickness of this third layer.
L'invention, quant à elle, propose une antenne réseau sur circuit imprimé, de forme allongée, comprenant au moins un circuit imprimé, ce premier circuit imprimé étant constitué d'un substrat sur lequel sont disposés des éléments rayonnants sur une première face, un arbre de distribution d'énergie sur une deuxième face, et une structure avant de forme allongée, superposée sur la première face de ce circuit imprimé, cette structure avant étant constituée d'un substrat percé d'ouvertures rayonnantes disposées en regard des éléments rayonnants de ce circuit imprimé, caractérisé en ce que le substrat qui constitue la structure avant est au moins métallisée en surface et en ce que des pièges, constitués de gorges de forme annulaires, sont disposés autour des extrémités extérieures des ouvertures percées dans la structure avant.The invention, for its part, provides a network antenna on a printed circuit, of elongated shape, comprising at least one printed circuit, this first printed circuit consisting of a substrate on which radiating elements are arranged on a first face, a energy distribution shaft on a second face, and an elongated front structure, superimposed on the first face of this printed circuit, this front structure consisting of a substrate pierced with radiating openings arranged facing the radiating elements of this printed circuit, characterized in that the substrate which constitutes the front structure is at least metallized on the surface and in that traps, made up of annular grooves, are placed around the outer ends of the openings drilled in the front structure.
Avantageusement l'invention comporte un deuxième circuit qui est superposé par sa première face sur la deuxième face du premier circuit imprimé, un plan de masse étant disposé sur la deuxième face de ce deuxième circuit imprimé.Advantageously, the invention comprises a second circuit which is superimposed by its first face on the second face of the first printed circuit, a ground plane being arranged on the second face of this second printed circuit.
La solution proposée permet de limiter les couplages entre éléments rayonnants, inconvénient que l'on rencontre sur les antennes réseaux classiques. De plus cette structure permet de placer des pièges autour des ouvertures.The proposed solution makes it possible to limit the couplings between radiating elements, a drawback that is encountered on conventional network antennas. In addition, this structure makes it possible to place traps around the openings.
Par ailleurs la structure avant a l'avantage de protéger l'antenne des chocs mécaniques (projectiles, transports etc ...) et permet de tendre sans difficulté un radôme souple.Furthermore, the front structure has the advantage of protecting the antenna from mechanical shock (projectiles, transport, etc.) and makes it possible to tension a flexible radome without difficulty.
De plus il n'y a plus de problème de positionnement mécanique des éléments constitutifs entre eux, on peut faire épouser à ce nouveau type d'antenne la forme que l'on veut, ce qui permet de l'intégrer facilement à une structure préexistante.In addition there is no longer any problem of mechanical positioning of the constituent elements between them, it is possible to have this new type of antenna conform to the shape that one wants, which allows it to be easily integrated into a pre-existing structure. .
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en références aux dessins annexés sur lesquels:
- - la figure 1 illustre une antenne réseau de l'art connu,
- - la figure 2 illustre une antenne réseau selon l'invention,
- - la figure 3 illustre une variante d'antenne réseau selon l'invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a network antenna of the known art,
- FIG. 2 illustrates a network antenna according to the invention,
- - Figure 3 illustrates a variant network antenna according to the invention.
L'antenne réseau de l'art connu, représentée à la figure 1, se présente sous la forme d'une plaque constituée d'un premier 10 et d'un second 11 circuits imprimés superposés, le premier ayant sur l'une de ses faces des dipoles rayonnants 12 et sur l'autre un arbre 13 de distribution d'énergie qui permet d'alimenter ces dipoles par des traversées 14 pour permettre à ces dipoles 12 d'émettre une radiation radioélectrique et le second ayant sur sa deuxième face, qui est extérieure, un plan de masse 15.The known art network antenna, represented in FIG. 1, is in the form of a plate made up of a first 10 and a second 11 superposed printed circuits, the first having on one of its faces of the
La dimension des dipoles rayonnants 12, de l'arbre de distribution d'énergie 13, et du plan de masse 15 ont été volontairement augmentées pour la clarté du dessin, mais ce sont de simples dépôts métalliques.The size of the
Pour pallier à la fragilité d'un tel ensemble, cette antenne comporte une structure arrière 16 qui permet de la rigidifier.To overcome the fragility of such an assembly, this antenna has a
L'antenne réseau selon l'invention, représentée à la figure 2, comprend elle-aussi deux circuits imprimés 10, 11 tels que décrits précédemment, mais la structure arrière 16 a été allégée. Cette antenne comporte de plus une structure avant 20 constituée d'une plaque métallique, percée d'ouvertures 21 de formes coniques, superposée à la première face du premier circuit imprimé 10, chaque ouverture 21, de direction perpendiculaire à la surface de ce premier circuit imprimé 10, étant en regard d'un élément rayonnant 12. Un radôme 22 permet de protéger l'antenne en cas d'intempéries.The array antenna according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2, also includes two printed
La structure avant 20 permet de rigidifier l'antenne, et de faire varier le diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne, en utilisant des directions d'ouvertures différentes.The
Des gorges annulaires 30 sont percées dans la plaque métallique , qui compose la structure avant 20, autour des extrémités extérieures des ouvertures 21 pour former des pièges qui permettent de symétriser le diagramme de rayonnement.
La figure 3 représente une variante de l'invention sur laquelle, les éléments rayonnants sont constitués d'une pastille 23 disposée au bout d'une petite tige 24, ce qui permet de modifier le diagramme de rayonnement de cette antenne.FIG. 3 represents a variant of the invention in which the radiating elements are consist of a
L'antenne selon l'invention peut être utilisée par exemple dans une gamme de fréquences allant de 1 GHz à plus de 20 GHz. Plus la fréquence est élevée plus les éléments rayonnants sont proches et plus l'épaisseur de la structure avant diminue.The antenna according to the invention can be used for example in a frequency range from 1 GHz to more than 20 GHz. The higher the frequency, the closer the radiating elements and the more the thickness of the front structure decreases.
Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'a été décrite et représentée qu'à titre d'exemple préférentiel et que l'on pourra remplacer ses éléments constitutifs par des éléments équivalents sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention.It is understood that the present invention has only been described and shown as a preferred example and that its constituent elements can be replaced by equivalent elements without departing from the scope of the invention.
Ainsi la structure avant 20 peut être constituée par exemple d'un substrat en plastique dont les surfaces ont été métallisées.Thus the
Ainsi la structure arrière 16 n'est plus obligatoire, car la fixation de l' antenne peut être réalisée grâce à la structure avant 20.Thus, the
De plus les éléments peuvent être, comme représenté sur la figure 2, des dipôles rayonnants 12 liés à l'arbre de distribution 13 par le circuit imprimé. Mais ce peut être aussi de petites antennes , liées à l'arbre de distribution par le circuit imprimé, ou toute autre forme d'éléments rayonnants.In addition, the elements can be, as shown in Figure 2,
Les ouvertures rayonnantes 21 peuvent prendre des formes autres que coniques, par exemple des formes cylindriques, dont les dimensions seront fonction de la fréquence et du gain désiré et l'axe de chaque ouverture peut être orienté à volonté par rapport à la direction normale à la plaque supportant les éléments rayonnants, afin de conformer à volonté le lobe de l'antenne. Ces ouvertures peuvent être disposées les unes par rapport aux autres d'une manière différente à celle représentée à la figure 3. En effet leur position dépend de celle des éléments rayonnants sur le premier circuit imprimé.The
L'antenne de l'invention a été représentée sous la forme d'une plaque, mais elle peut avoir une forme quelconque: cylindrique, conique, et même une épaisseur variable, lui permettant de s'adapter à toute structure existante.The antenna of the invention has been shown in the form of a plate, but it can have any shape: cylindrical, conical, and even a variable thickness, allowing it to adapt to any existing structure.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8604392 | 1986-03-26 | ||
| FR8604392A FR2596585B1 (en) | 1986-03-26 | 1986-03-26 | NETWORK ANTENNA ON PRINTED CIRCUIT |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0239069A1 EP0239069A1 (en) | 1987-09-30 |
| EP0239069B1 true EP0239069B1 (en) | 1990-06-20 |
Family
ID=9333593
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87104301A Expired - Lifetime EP0239069B1 (en) | 1986-03-26 | 1987-03-24 | Printed-circuit antenna array |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4819004A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0239069B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1260610A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3763350D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2596585B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5023624A (en) * | 1988-10-26 | 1991-06-11 | Harris Corporation | Microwave chip carrier package having cover-mounted antenna element |
| JPH02214303A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1990-08-27 | Sharp Corp | Planar array antenna |
| US5237334A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1993-08-17 | Waters William M | Focal plane antenna array for millimeter waves |
| JPH0693569B2 (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1994-11-16 | ユピテル工業株式会社 | Microwave detector |
| US5208602A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1993-05-04 | Raytheon Company | Cavity backed dipole antenna |
| US5218373A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1993-06-08 | Harris Corporation | Hermetically sealed waffle-wall configured assembly including sidewall and cover radiating elements and a base-sealed waveguide window |
| US6384785B1 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 2002-05-07 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Heterogeneous multi-lamination microstrip antenna |
| US5815120A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1998-09-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Radio frequency local area network adapter card structure and method of manufacture |
| US6052889A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2000-04-25 | Raytheon Company | Radio frequency antenna and its fabrication |
| US6278407B1 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2001-08-21 | Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. | Dual-frequency choke-ring ground planes |
| US7009571B2 (en) * | 2003-05-12 | 2006-03-07 | Bwa Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming symmetrical energy patterns in beam forming antennas |
| DE10322803A1 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2004-12-23 | Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg | Microstrip- or patch antenna for modern high capacity communication systems, comprises radiator with resonant cavity at rear and miniature horn surrounding it |
| US7444734B2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2008-11-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus and methods for constructing antennas using vias as radiating elements formed in a substrate |
| US7586410B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2009-09-08 | Zih Corp. | RFID UHF stripline coupler |
| TWI381578B (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2013-01-01 | Quanta Comp Inc | Small antenna |
| WO2011008558A1 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2011-01-20 | Viasat, Inc. | Hybrid single aperture inclined antenna |
| US8564492B2 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-10-22 | Harris Corporation | Horn antenna including integrated electronics and associated method |
| JP2013219723A (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-24 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Antenna device |
| US9537209B2 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2017-01-03 | Space Systems/Loral, Llc | Antenna array with reduced mutual coupling between array elements |
| CN104377450B (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2016-12-28 | 清华大学 | Waveguide trumpet array and method thereof and antenna system |
| US10361476B2 (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2019-07-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Antenna structures for wireless communications |
| WO2021045267A1 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Electronic device including antenna |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3747114A (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1973-07-17 | Textron Inc | Planar dipole array mounted on dielectric substrate |
| US4208660A (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1980-06-17 | Raytheon Company | Radio frequency ring-shaped slot antenna |
| DE3023055A1 (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1981-02-05 | Emi Ltd | ANTENNA |
| FR2505097A1 (en) * | 1981-05-04 | 1982-11-05 | Labo Electronique Physique | RADIATION ELEMENT OR CIRCULAR POLARIZATION HYPERFREQUENCY SIGNAL RECEIVER AND MICROWAVE PLANE ANTENNA COMPRISING A NETWORK OF SUCH ELEMENTS |
| FR2523376A1 (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1983-09-16 | Labo Electronique Physique | RADIATION ELEMENT OR HYPERFREQUENCY SIGNAL RECEIVER WITH LEFT AND RIGHT CIRCULAR POLARIZATIONS AND FLAT ANTENNA COMPRISING A NETWORK OF SUCH JUXTAPOSED ELEMENTS |
| US4626865A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1986-12-02 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Antenna element for orthogonally-polarized high frequency signals |
| FR2544920B1 (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1985-06-14 | Labo Electronique Physique | MICROWAVE PLANAR ANTENNA WITH A FULLY SUSPENDED SUBSTRATE LINE ARRAY |
| FR2550892B1 (en) * | 1983-08-19 | 1986-01-24 | Labo Electronique Physique | WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA OUTPUT FOR A PLANAR MICROWAVE ANTENNA WITH RADIATION OR RECEIVER ELEMENT ARRAY AND MICROWAVE SIGNAL TRANSMISSION OR RECEIVING SYSTEM COMPRISING A PLANAR ANTENNA EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ANTENNA OUTPUT |
| US4622559A (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1986-11-11 | Canadian Patents & Development Limited | Paraboloid reflector antenna feed having a flange with tapered corrugations |
-
1986
- 1986-03-26 FR FR8604392A patent/FR2596585B1/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-03-24 EP EP87104301A patent/EP0239069B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-24 DE DE8787104301T patent/DE3763350D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-25 CA CA000532912A patent/CA1260610A/en not_active Expired
- 1987-03-26 US US07/029,919 patent/US4819004A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4819004A (en) | 1989-04-04 |
| EP0239069A1 (en) | 1987-09-30 |
| FR2596585B1 (en) | 1988-09-16 |
| FR2596585A1 (en) | 1987-10-02 |
| CA1260610A (en) | 1989-09-26 |
| DE3763350D1 (en) | 1990-07-26 |
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