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EP0094453B1 - Method and apparatus for controlling single wires in a stranding machine - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for controlling single wires in a stranding machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094453B1
EP0094453B1 EP82111660A EP82111660A EP0094453B1 EP 0094453 B1 EP0094453 B1 EP 0094453B1 EP 82111660 A EP82111660 A EP 82111660A EP 82111660 A EP82111660 A EP 82111660A EP 0094453 B1 EP0094453 B1 EP 0094453B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
rope
signal
accordance
signal pattern
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82111660A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0094453A3 (en
EP0094453A2 (en
Inventor
Robert Schürch
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Zellweger Uster AG
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Zellweger Uster AG
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/02Machine details; Auxiliary devices
    • D07B7/08Alarms or stop motions responsive to exhaustion or breakage of filamentary material fed from supply reels or bobbins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for checking a rope or cable for faults, in which wave energy of a given type is directed at the rope or cable and the part of the wave energy reflected or absorbed by the rope or cable is detected and compared with a setpoint recording to determine deviations becomes.
  • ropes or cables takes place on stranding machines, on which the coils carrying the single wires are placed on a frame - sometimes referred to as a stranding basket.
  • the rope or cable is formed by rotating the basket and simultaneously pulling out the wire strand.
  • the stranding process is carried out by rotating the entire rope take-up device and pulling out the wire strand.
  • DE-A-1 690 098 describes a method for monitoring a cable for foreign inclusions in the insulation, for which X-rays are used.
  • a device is controlled by means of the received electrical impulses, which makes it possible to mark the cable surface at the faulty points.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that the correct overall construction of the respective rope or cable can be monitored in a manner which is simple to implement.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the individual cores of the rope or cable are monitored for correct sequence, correct surface quality, demolition or run-out during the stranding process in that a perfect rope or cable runs along at least one circumferential line or a representative section in the running direction Signal pattern is generated and stored and that the signals generated during the stranding process are compared at least temporarily with the stored signal pattern and that when predetermined tolerances occur between the signal pattern and the instantaneous values of the signals, a predetermined function is triggered.
  • the method according to the invention and corresponding devices for carrying out the method are considerably less dependent on the type of stranding machine than conventional monitoring devices, since the position of the measuring point at which the measuring device must be attached to the stranding machine is not critical.
  • the measuring point which consists, for example, of a radiator and sensor, to move in a circular or helical manner around the rope or cable in order to scan its surface along a continuous line. Due to the property of the rope or cable at the exit from the stranding point, where the individual wires run helically around a core, the measuring point can be arranged stationary, since all of the rope or Move the wires forming the cable surface past the measuring point.
  • the device according to the invention is used on a rope or cable which has already passed the stranding process and which no longer rotates about its axis, the measuring point must be moved along the rope or cable. As a result of the helical arrangement of the individual wires, only a linear movement of the measuring point is required in this case too. Circumference of the rope or cable with all the associated disadvantages can thus be avoided.
  • the signal pattern is preferably represented as an analog signal with regard to amplitude and time axis, but it is alternatively also possible to carry out a representation by means of discrete values or to obtain the signal pattern from a representative section of the rope or cable to be formed or from the preceding rope or cable section in each case.
  • the reference pattern is not represented by scanning an error-free piece of rope, but rather by using an arithmetic algorithm that simulates the desired course of the reference signal and programs an artificially generated signal course in a memory.
  • a device for performing the method according to the invention with a wave energy directed to the rope radiator and sensors for receiving the reflected or absorbed part of the wave energy is characterized in that a connectable to the sensors is provided in which along a circumferential line or of a representative section in the running direction of a faultless rope or cable, the signal obtained can be called up and a comparator is provided, to which on the one hand the continuously occurring measurement signal and on the other hand the reference signal are fed.
  • a rope or kabul is made up of a number of cores that loop around each other and fill a certain cross-section.
  • the surface of the rope or cable is structured in most cases; If a smooth surface is required by the application due to special requirements, the method is used to check the stranded intermediate product before applying the smooth surface jacket.
  • the cable or cable cross-section 1 shown as an example in FIG. 1 consists of a central core 10, which is wrapped with a number of circumferential cores 2, 2 ', 2 "...
  • the gaps can be used to avoid excessively large cavities in the rest Cross sections - be filled by so-called inserts 3, 3 ', 3 "...
  • Each wire can itself be constructed as a rope or cable. It is essential for the method according to the invention and its implementation that the surface of the rope or cable along a circumferential line, which can also be thought of as a helical line, normally has a constantly repeating structure. Any absence of a wire will disturb this continuous structure.
  • the surface of the rope or cable is scanned by means of suitable measuring devices, symbolized schematically in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 a defective rope or cable is shown, in which a peripheral wire 2 iv is missing.
  • the corresponding diagram (FIG. 4) shows an interruption at the point AR along the circumferential axis R.
  • the invention now consists in that a signal pattern according to FIG. 2 is stored in analog or digital form and during the subsequent cable or cable production the surface signal obtained in each case is compared with the signal pattern for agreement. In the event of differences which exceed a predetermined tolerance limit, a switching device is triggered which, for example, stops the stranding machine.
  • FIG. 5 shows a measurement and comparison arrangement as a block diagram.
  • a radiation source for example a light source 4, directs a light beam 6 onto the surface of the rope or cable 1 at a point in the course of the stranding process where the rope of the cable already has its outer shape.
  • the light 7 reflected on the individual wires 2, 2 ', 2 "... is picked up by the sensor 5 and fed as an equivalent electrical signal U 1 to a converter amplifier 8.
  • one of the surface of the rope or cable 1 forms the signal U 2 of the transducer-amplifier 8 corresponding pattern U 2, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • This pattern U 2 will now be described with a reference pattern stored in a memory 11 also present as an electrical image U 3 , compared in a comparator 12. If the difference signal U 4 lies within a tolerance range predefined by means of a discriminator stage 13, the monitored cable or cable section can be assessed as faultless.
  • the tolerance range 13 can be adapted to the respective requirements by means of a control variable 15.
  • an alarm signal 14 is triggered which, for example, brings the stranding machine to a standstill.
  • the electric image U 3 of the reference pattern can be obtained by, for example, that a flawless section eir l qs rope or cable measured and the signal U obtained thereby 2 the memory 11 is supplied and held ready there in the image for further monitoring via a coupling stage. 9
  • the previously saved reference pattern is deleted and the new reference pattern is saved.
  • the device according to the invention has the further advantage that only the organs containing the radiation source 4 and the sensor 5 have to be used in the region of the cable or cable harness; the evaluation parts of the system such as amplifiers, memories etc. can be accommodated anywhere.
  • FIG. 6 shows a measuring arrangement in which a radiation source 41 directs corpuscular radiation (X-rays, y- or similar rays) onto the cable or cable and on the opposite side a receiver 51 for converting the incident radiation into a measurement signal U, is arranged.
  • the measurement signal U is evaluated analogously to the arrangement in FIG. 5.

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  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Filamentary Materials, Packages, And Safety Devices Therefor (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung eines Seiles oder Kabels auf Fehler, bei dem Wellenenergie gegebener Art auf das Seil oder Kabel gerichtet und der vom Seil oder Kabel reflektierte oder absorbierte Teil der Wellenenergie erfaßt und zur Ermittlung von Abweichungen mit einer Sollwertaufzeichnung verglichen wird.The invention relates to a method and a device for checking a rope or cable for faults, in which wave energy of a given type is directed at the rope or cable and the part of the wave energy reflected or absorbed by the rope or cable is detected and compared with a setpoint recording to determine deviations becomes.

Die Herstellung von Seilen oder Kabeln erfolgt auf Verseilmaschinen, auf denen die die Einzeladern tragenden Spulen auf einem Gestell- gelegentlich als Verseilkorb bezeichnet-aufgesetzt sind. Durch Drehen des Korbes und gleichzeitiges Ausziehen des Aderstranges wird das Seil oder Kabel gebildet. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, daß bei stillstehendem Verseilkorb der Verseilvorgang durch Drehen der ganzen Seilaufnahmevorrichtung und Ausziehen des Aderstranges erfolgt.The production of ropes or cables takes place on stranding machines, on which the coils carrying the single wires are placed on a frame - sometimes referred to as a stranding basket. The rope or cable is formed by rotating the basket and simultaneously pulling out the wire strand. There is also the possibility that, when the stranding cage is at a standstill, the stranding process is carried out by rotating the entire rope take-up device and pulling out the wire strand.

Unabhängig von der Art des Verseilprinzips war es üblich, bei der Überwachung der Einzeladern für jede Ader einen elektromechanischen Taster vorzusehen, der bei Unterbruch der Aderspannung in Folge Reißens oder Auslaufens der betreffenden Ader einen eleketrischen Impuls auslöste, der den Verseilvorgang stoppte. Eine solche bekannte Anordnung erbringt zwar bei einfachem Aufbau und bei Unabhängigkeit vom Adermaterial eine gute Funktionssicherheit, aber es sind für die Übertragung der Tastersignale vom rotierenden Verseilkorb auf das Steuergerät Schleifringe erforderlich, welche aber mit den für solche Schleifringe typischen Unzulänglichkeiten behaftet sind. Außerdem konnte bei einem Aderriß das entsprechende Aderstück im Bereich des Tasters gespannt bleiben, so daß dieser kein Auslösesignal erzeugen konnte.Regardless of the type of stranding principle, it was customary to provide an electromechanical button for the monitoring of the individual wires, which triggered an electrical pulse that stopped the stranding process if the wire voltage was interrupted due to the wire breaking or leaking. Such a known arrangement provides good functional reliability with a simple structure and independence from the wire material, but slip rings are required for the transmission of the push button signals from the rotating stranding basket to the control unit, but these are associated with the shortcomings typical of such slip rings. In addition, in the event of a wire break, the corresponding wire piece could remain tensioned in the area of the pushbutton so that it could not generate a trigger signal.

Es sind auch Überwachungssysteme bekannt geworden, bei denen auf kapazitiver, induktiver oder optischer Basis arbeitende Näherungsschalter verwendet werden, die kurz vor der Verseilstelle eingesetzt werden. Bei jeder Umdrehung des Verseilkorbes mit den Vorratsspulen der Einzeladern muß dabei die korrekte Anzahl von Einzeladern durch den Näherungsschalter und die zugehörige Elektronik registriert werden. Bei fehlenden Einzeladern wird ein Maschinen-Stoppsignal ausgelöst. Auch diese Art der Überwachung benötigt zwar nur einen vergleichsweise geringen mechanischen und elektronischen Aufwand, aber es bleiben Adern unentdeckt, die im Bereich der Verseilstelle oder nach der Verseilstelle reißen und an irgendwelchen Teilen hängen bleiben. Außerdem ist stets eine Anpassung der Näherungsschalter bzw. der von diesen zu ermittelnden Kennwerte bei Änderung des Verseilgutes notwendig.Monitoring systems have also become known, in which proximity switches operating on a capacitive, inductive or optical basis are used, which are used shortly before the stranding point. With each revolution of the stranding cage with the supply coils of the single wires, the correct number of single wires must be registered by the proximity switch and the associated electronics. If there are no single wires, a machine stop signal is triggered. This type of monitoring also requires only comparatively little mechanical and electronic effort, but wires remain undetected that tear in the area of the stranding point or after the stranding point and get caught on any parts. In addition, it is always necessary to adapt the proximity switches or the characteristic values to be determined by them when the stranded material changes.

Aus der GB-A-1 143 243 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, das bei der Herstellung elektrischer Kabel oder isolierter Leiter eine Freiheit der Isolation vor Einschlüssen von Fremdkörpern gewährleistet. Bei diesem bekannten Verfahren wird das Kabel abgetastet und die erhaltene Abtastfunktion in einem Verstärker und einem Brückenelement mit einer Sollwertfunktion verglichen, die auf einem endlosen Tonband gespeichert ist. Abweichungen, die sich bei diesem Vergleich ergeben, werden aufgezeichnet. Die Sollwertfunktion wird dabei während der Durchleuchtung einer von Einschlüssen freien Isolation gewonnen, Abweichungen ergeben sich dann, wenn in der Istwertkurve bei der Durchleuchtung ein Einschluß erfaßt wird. Eine Feststellung von Fehlern, die von Einzeladern herrühren, ist bei dieser bekannten Anordnung nicht vorgesehen.From GB-A-1 143 243 a method is known which ensures freedom in the manufacture of electrical cables or insulated conductors from isolation from inclusions of foreign bodies. In this known method, the cable is scanned and the scanning function obtained is compared in an amplifier and a bridge element with a setpoint function, which is stored on an endless tape. Deviations resulting from this comparison are recorded. The setpoint function is obtained during the screening of an insulation free of inclusions. Deviations arise when an inclusion is detected in the actual value curve during the screening. A detection of errors resulting from single wires is not provided in this known arrangement.

Bei der aus der US-A-3 822 945 bekannten Vorrichtung ist ebenfalls nur vorgesehen, eine Überprüfung der Isolation von Kabeln auf Fehler vorzunehmen und festgestellte Fehler mittels eines Schreibstiftes aufzuzeichnen, um im Nachhinein den Ort des Fehlers ermitteln zu können.In the device known from US-A-3 822 945, provision is also only made to check the insulation of cables for faults and to record faults found by means of a pen so that the location of the fault can subsequently be determined.

Schließlich wird in der DE-A-1 690 098 ein Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Kabels auf Fremdeinschlüsse in der Isolierung beschrieben, wozu Röntgenstrahlen verwendet werden. Mittels der empfangenen elektrischen Impulse wird eine Einrichtung gesteuert, die es ermöglicht, die Kabeloberfläche an den fehlerhaften Stellen zu markieren.Finally, DE-A-1 690 098 describes a method for monitoring a cable for foreign inclusions in the insulation, for which X-rays are used. A device is controlled by means of the received electrical impulses, which makes it possible to mark the cable surface at the faulty points.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren der eingangs angegebenen Art in der Weise auszubilden, daß auf einfach zu realisierende Art der korrekte Gesamtaufbau des jeweiligen Seiles oder Kabels überwacht werden kann.The object of the invention is to develop a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that the correct overall construction of the respective rope or cable can be monitored in a manner which is simple to implement.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe nach der Erfindung dadurch, daß die Einzeladern des Seiles oder Kabels auf korrekte Reihenfolge, korrekte Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, Abriß oder Auslauf während des Verseilprozesses dadurch überwacht werden, daß längs mindestens einer Umfangslinie oder eines repräsentativen Ausschnittes in Laufrichtung eines einwandfreien Seiles oder Kabels ein Signalmuster erzeugt und gespeichert wird und daß die während des Verseilprozesses erzeugten Signale mit dem gespeicherten Signalmuster mindestens zeitweise verglichen werden und daß dann, wenn vorgegebene Toleranzen überschreitende Differenzen zwischen dem Signalmuster und den Momentanwerten der Signalen auftreten, eine vorgegebene Funktion ausgelöst wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the individual cores of the rope or cable are monitored for correct sequence, correct surface quality, demolition or run-out during the stranding process in that a perfect rope or cable runs along at least one circumferential line or a representative section in the running direction Signal pattern is generated and stored and that the signals generated during the stranding process are compared at least temporarily with the stored signal pattern and that when predetermined tolerances occur between the signal pattern and the instantaneous values of the signals, a predetermined function is triggered.

Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung und entsprechende Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sind erheblich weniger von der Art der Verseilmaschine abhängig als gebräuchliche Überwachungseinrichtungen, da die Lage der Meßstelle, an der die Meßvorrichtung an die Verseilmaschine angesetzt werden muß, nicht kritisch ist.The method according to the invention and corresponding devices for carrying out the method are considerably less dependent on the type of stranding machine than conventional monitoring devices, since the position of the measuring point at which the measuring device must be attached to the stranding machine is not critical.

Es ist ferner nicht erforderlich, daß die beispielsweise aus Strahler und Sensor bestehende Meßstelle sich kreisförmig oder schraubenförmig um das Seil oder Kabel herumbewegt, um dessen Oberfläche längs einer kontinuierlichen Linie abzutasten. Durch die Eigenschaft des Seils oder Kabels beim Auslauf aus der Verseilstelle, wo die einzelnen Adern schraubenförmig um einen Kern verlaufen, kann die Meßstelle stationär angeordnet werden, da sich sämtliche die Seil- oder Kabeloberfläche bildenden Adern an der Meßstelle vorbeibewegen.It is also not necessary for the measuring point, which consists, for example, of a radiator and sensor, to move in a circular or helical manner around the rope or cable in order to scan its surface along a continuous line. Due to the property of the rope or cable at the exit from the stranding point, where the individual wires run helically around a core, the measuring point can be arranged stationary, since all of the rope or Move the wires forming the cable surface past the measuring point.

Wird hingegen die Vorrichtung nach der Erfindung an einem Seil oder Kabel eingesetzt, das den Verseilprozeß bereits passiert hat, das sich als nicht mehr um seine Achse dreht, muß die Meßstelle längs des Seils oder Kabels bewegt werden. Infolge der schraubenlinienförmigen Anordnung der Einzeladern ist aber auch in diesem Fall nur eine lineare Bewegung der Meßstelle erforderlich. Damit kann eine Umkreisung des Seils oder Kabels mit allen damit verbundenen Nachteilen vermieden werden.If, on the other hand, the device according to the invention is used on a rope or cable which has already passed the stranding process and which no longer rotates about its axis, the measuring point must be moved along the rope or cable. As a result of the helical arrangement of the individual wires, only a linear movement of the measuring point is required in this case too. Circumference of the rope or cable with all the associated disadvantages can thus be avoided.

Das Signalmuster wird vorzugsweise bezüglich Amplitude und Zeitachse als Analogsignal dargestellt, aber es ist alternativ auch möglich, eine Darstellung durch diskrete Werte vorzunehmen oder das Signalmuster von einem repräsentativen Abschnitt des zu bildenden Seiles oder Kabels oder jeweils von dem vorhergehenden Seil- oder Kabelabschnitt zu gewinnen.The signal pattern is preferably represented as an analog signal with regard to amplitude and time axis, but it is alternatively also possible to carry out a representation by means of discrete values or to obtain the signal pattern from a representative section of the rope or cable to be formed or from the preceding rope or cable section in each case.

Es ist aber auch möglich, daß Referenzmuster nicht durch Abtasten eines fehlerfreien Seilstükkes darzustellen, sondern durch Anwendung eines Rechenalgorhythmus, der den Sollverlauf des Referenzsignals nachbildet und einen künstlich erzeugten Signalverlauf in einem Speicher programmiert.However, it is also possible that the reference pattern is not represented by scanning an error-free piece of rope, but rather by using an arithmetic algorithm that simulates the desired course of the reference signal and programs an artificially generated signal course in a memory.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung mit einem Wellenenergie auf das Seil richtenden Strahler und Sensoren zur Aufnahme des reflektierten oder absorbierten Teils der Wellenenergie zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß ein mit den Sensoren verbindbarer Speicher vorgesehen ist, in dem das längs einer Umfangslinie oder eines repräsentativen Ausschnitts in Laufrichtung eines einwandfreien Seils oder Kabels gewonnene Signal abrufbar gespeichert und ein Komperator vorgesehen ist, dem einerseits das laufend anfallende Meßsignal und andererseits das Referenzsignal zugeführt sind.A device for performing the method according to the invention with a wave energy directed to the rope radiator and sensors for receiving the reflected or absorbed part of the wave energy is characterized in that a connectable to the sensors is provided in which along a circumferential line or of a representative section in the running direction of a faultless rope or cable, the signal obtained can be called up and a comparator is provided, to which on the one hand the continuously occurring measurement signal and on the other hand the reference signal are fed.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgendunter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

In der Zeichnung zeigt:

  • Figur 1: Ein Seil oder Kabel im Querschnitt mit angedeutetem Meßstrahl,
  • Figur 2: einen möglichen Signalverlauf über den Umfang eines Seils oder Kabels gemäß Figur 1,
  • Figur 3: ein fehlerhaftes Seil oder Kabel im Querschnitt mit angedeutetem Meßstrahl,
  • Figur 4: einen möglichen Signalverlauf über den Umfang eines Seils oder Kabels gemäss Figur 3;
  • Figur 5: als Blockschema die Schaltungstechnische Auslegung der Ueberwachungsvorrichtung;
  • Figur 6: schematisch eine Anordnung mit Absorptionsmessung durch den Kabelquerschnitt zeigt.
The drawing shows:
  • FIG. 1: a rope or cable in cross section with an indicated measuring beam,
  • FIG. 2: a possible signal curve over the circumference of a rope or cable according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3: a defective rope or cable in cross-section with an indicated measuring beam,
  • FIG. 4: a possible signal curve over the circumference of a rope or cable according to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5: the circuit design of the monitoring device as a block diagram;
  • Figure 6: shows schematically an arrangement with absorption measurement through the cable cross-section.

Ein Seil oder Kabul ist aus einer Anzahl Adern aufgebaut, die einander umschlingen und dabei einen bestimmten Querschnitt ausfüllen. Die Oberfläche des Seils oder Kabels ist dabei in den meisten Fällen strukturiert; falls durch spezielle Anforderungen durch die Anwendung eine glatte Oberfläche gefordert ist, so dient das Verfahren zur Kontrolle des verseilten Zwischenprodukts vor dem Anbringen des glatten Oberflächenmantels.A rope or kabul is made up of a number of cores that loop around each other and fill a certain cross-section. The surface of the rope or cable is structured in most cases; If a smooth surface is required by the application due to special requirements, the method is used to check the stranded intermediate product before applying the smooth surface jacket.

Der in Fig. 1 als Beispiel gezeigte Seil-oder Kabelquerschnitt 1 besteht aus einer Zentralader 10, die von einer Anzahl Umfangsadern 2, 2', 2" ... umwickelt ist. Ferner können die Zwischenräume-zur Vermeidung allzu grosser Hohlräume in den restlichen Querschnitten--durch sogenannte Beilaufe 3, 3', 3" ... gefüllt sein. Dabei kann jede Ader selbst als Seil oder Kabel aufgebaut sein. Wesentlich für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren und dessen Realisierung ist, dass die Oberfläche des Seils oder Kabels längs einer Umfangslinie, die auch als Schraubenlinie gedacht werden kann, im Normalfall eine sich stets wiederholende Struktur aufweist. Jedes Fehlen einer Ader bedingt eine Störung dieser kontinuierlichen Struktur. Mittels geeigneter Messvorrichtungen, in Fig. 1 schematisch durch einen Strahler 4 und einen Sensor 5 symbolisiert, wird die Oberfläche des Seils oder Kabels abgetastet. Dies ergibt etwa ein Messignal gemäss Fig. 2, wobei die Amplitude A des vom Sensor 5 aufgenommenen reflektierten Teils 7 der Strahlung 6 in Funktion des Umfangs R bzw. der Zeit t-sofern der Umfang des Seils zeitproportional abgetastet wird-dargestellt ist.The cable or cable cross-section 1 shown as an example in FIG. 1 consists of a central core 10, which is wrapped with a number of circumferential cores 2, 2 ', 2 "... In addition, the gaps can be used to avoid excessively large cavities in the rest Cross sections - be filled by so-called inserts 3, 3 ', 3 "... Each wire can itself be constructed as a rope or cable. It is essential for the method according to the invention and its implementation that the surface of the rope or cable along a circumferential line, which can also be thought of as a helical line, normally has a constantly repeating structure. Any absence of a wire will disturb this continuous structure. The surface of the rope or cable is scanned by means of suitable measuring devices, symbolized schematically in FIG. 1 by a radiator 4 and a sensor 5. This results, for example, in a measurement signal according to FIG. 2, the amplitude A of the reflected part 7 of the radiation 6 picked up by the sensor 5 being shown as a function of the circumference R or the time t — provided the circumference of the rope is scanned in proportion to time.

In Fig. 3 ist ein fehlerhaftes Seil oder Kabel dargestellt, bei dem eine Umfangsader 2iv fehlt. Das entsprechende Diagramm (Fig. 4) zeigt einen Unterbruch an der Stelle AR längs der Umfangsachse R.In Fig. 3, a defective rope or cable is shown, in which a peripheral wire 2 iv is missing. The corresponding diagram (FIG. 4) shows an interruption at the point AR along the circumferential axis R.

Die Erfindung besteht nun darin, dass ein Signalmuster gemäss Fig. 2 analog oder digital gespeichert wird und während der folgenden Seil- oder Kabelproduktions das jeweils gewonnene Oberflächensignal mit dem Signalmuster auf Uebereinstimmung verglichen wird. Bei Unterschieden, die eine vorgegebene Toleranzgrenze überschreiten, wird eine Schaltvorrichtung ausgelöst, die beispielsweise die Verseilmaschine stillsetzt.The invention now consists in that a signal pattern according to FIG. 2 is stored in analog or digital form and during the subsequent cable or cable production the surface signal obtained in each case is compared with the signal pattern for agreement. In the event of differences which exceed a predetermined tolerance limit, a switching device is triggered which, for example, stops the stranding machine.

Bei geeigneter Festlegung der Toleranzgrenzen können nicht nur fehlende Adern 2, 3 ermittelt werden. Es ist auch möglich, Unregelmässigkeiten in der äusseren Anordnung der Adern und damit Fehler im Aufbau des Seils oder Kabels 1 ausfindig zu machen.With a suitable definition of the tolerance limits, not only missing wires 2, 3 can be determined. It is also possible to locate irregularities in the outer arrangement of the wires and thus errors in the construction of the rope or cable 1.

Figur 5 zeigt als Blockschema eine Mess- und Vergleichsanordnung. Eine Strahlungsquelle, beispielsweise eine Lichtquelle 4, richtet einen Lichtstrahl 6 auf die Oberfläche des Seils oder Kabels 1 an einer Stelle im Ablauf des Verseilprozesses, wo das Seil der Kabel bereits seine äussere Form besitzt. Das an den Einzeladern 2, 2', 2" ... reflektierte Licht 7 wird vom Sensor 5 aufgenommen und als äquivalentes elektrisches Signal U1 einem Wandler-Verstärker 8 zugeleitet.FIG. 5 shows a measurement and comparison arrangement as a block diagram. A radiation source, for example a light source 4, directs a light beam 6 onto the surface of the rope or cable 1 at a point in the course of the stranding process where the rope of the cable already has its outer shape. The light 7 reflected on the individual wires 2, 2 ', 2 "... is picked up by the sensor 5 and fed as an equivalent electrical signal U 1 to a converter amplifier 8.

Während eines bestimmten Zeitintervalls, beispielsweise während der Zeit t, die für eine Umdrehung R des Seils oder Kabels 1 im Bereich der Reflexionsstelle benötigt wird, bildet das Signal U2 aus dem Wandler-Verstärker 8 ein der Oberfläche des Seils oder Kabels 1 entsprechendes Muster U2, etwa gemäss Fig. 2. Dieses Muster U2 wird nun mit einem Referenzmuster, das in einem Speicher 11 ebenfalls als elektrisches Abbild U3 vorliegt, in einem Komparator 12 verglichen. Liegt das Differenzsignal U4 innerhalb eines mittels einer Disktriminatorstufe 13 vorgegebenen Toleranzbereiches, kann der überwachte Seil- oder Kabelabschnitt als einwandfrei beurteilt werden. Mittels einer Steuergrösse 15 kann der Toleranzbereich 13 an die jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasst werden.During a certain time interval, for example during the time t, for one revolution R of the rope or cable 1 in the region the reflecting point is required, one of the surface of the rope or cable 1 forms the signal U 2 of the transducer-amplifier 8 corresponding pattern U 2, as shown in FIG. 2. This pattern U 2 will now be described with a reference pattern stored in a memory 11 also present as an electrical image U 3 , compared in a comparator 12. If the difference signal U 4 lies within a tolerance range predefined by means of a discriminator stage 13, the monitored cable or cable section can be assessed as faultless. The tolerance range 13 can be adapted to the respective requirements by means of a control variable 15.

Werden die Toleranzgrenzen 13 vom Differenzsignal 14 überschritten, wird ein Alarmsignal 14 ausgelöst, das beispielsweise die Stillsetzung der Verseilmaschine bewirkt.If the tolerance limits 13 are exceeded by the difference signal 14, an alarm signal 14 is triggered which, for example, brings the stranding machine to a standstill.

Das elektrische Abbild U3 des Referenzmusters kann beispielsweise dadurch gewonnen werden, dass ein einwandfreier Abschnitt eirlqs Seiles oder Kabels vermessen und das dabei gewonnene Signal U2 über eine Kopplungsstufe 9 dem Speicher 11 zugeführt und dort als Abbild für die weitere Ueberwachung bereitgehalten wird. Bei einem Wechsel des Verseilprogrammes auf ein anderes Seil- oder Kabelmuster wird das bisher gespeicherte Referenzmuster gelöscht und das neue Referenzmuster eingespeichert.The electric image U 3 of the reference pattern can be obtained by, for example, that a flawless section eir l qs rope or cable measured and the signal U obtained thereby 2 the memory 11 is supplied and held ready there in the image for further monitoring via a coupling stage. 9 When changing the stranding program to another rope or cable pattern, the previously saved reference pattern is deleted and the new reference pattern is saved.

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung ist der weitere Vorteil verbunden, dass im Bereich des Seil- oder Kabelstranges nur die die Strahlungsquelle 4 und den Sensor 5 enthaltenden Organe eingesetzt werden müssen; die Auswerteteile der Anlage wie Verstärker, Speicher etc. können an beliebiger Stelle untergebracht werden.The device according to the invention has the further advantage that only the organs containing the radiation source 4 and the sensor 5 have to be used in the region of the cable or cable harness; the evaluation parts of the system such as amplifiers, memories etc. can be accommodated anywhere.

In Fig. 6 ist eine Messanordnung gezeigt, bei der eine Strahlungsquelle 41 eine Korpuskularstrahlung (Röntgen, y- oder ähnliche Strahlen) auf das Seil oder Kabel richtet und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite ein Empfänger 51 für die Umwandlung der einfallenden Strahlung in ein Messignal U, angeordnet ist. Die Auswertung des Messignals U, erfolgt analog der Anordnung der Fig. 5.6 shows a measuring arrangement in which a radiation source 41 directs corpuscular radiation (X-rays, y- or similar rays) onto the cable or cable and on the opposite side a receiver 51 for converting the incident radiation into a measurement signal U, is arranged. The measurement signal U is evaluated analogously to the arrangement in FIG. 5.

Claims (10)

1. A method for checking a rope or cable for faults in which wave energy of a given type is directed onto the rope or cable and the part of the wave energy which is reflected or absorbed by the rope or cable is detected and is compared with a desired value recording in order to detect deviations, characterized in that the individual strands of the rope or cable are monitored for correct sequence, correct surface condition, breakage or run-out during the stranding process in that a signal pattern along at least one peri- .pheral line or a representative section in the direction of movement of a troublefree rope or cable is generated and stored and in that the signals generated during the stranding process are compared, at least at intervals, with the stored signal pattern; and in that a predetermined operation is then initiated when differences between the signal pattern and instantaneous values of the signals occur which exceed predetermined tolerances.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the signal pattern is represented with respect to its amplitude and the time axis as an analog signal.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the signal pattern is represented with respect to its amplitude and the time axis by discrete values.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the signal pattern is obtained from a representative section of the rope or cable (1) which is to be formed.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the signal is in each case obtained from the preceding rope or cable section.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the signal pattern is artificially generated by means of computing algorithms.
7. Apparatus for carrying out a method of claim 1 with a radiator which directs wave energy onto the rope and with sensors for receiving the reflected or absorbed part of the wave energy, characterized in that a memory (11) connectable with the sensors is provided in which the signals (U1) which are obtained along a peripheral line or along a representative section in the direction of movement of a troublefree rope or cable (1) are stored so that they are capable of being called up; and in that a comparator (12) is provided to which are passed, on the one hand, the continuously occurring measurement signal (U2) and, on the other hand, the reference signal (U3).
8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that the comparison signal (U4) is passed to a discriminator stage (13) which serves for tolerance checking.
9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 7 and claim 8, characterized in that the sensors respond to the reflective characteristics of the surface of the rope or of the cable (1).
10. Apparatus in accordance with claim 7 and claim 8, characterized in that the sensors respond to the absorptive characteristics of the rope or cable (1).
EP82111660A 1982-05-18 1982-12-15 Method and apparatus for controlling single wires in a stranding machine Expired EP0094453B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3072/82 1982-05-18
CH3072/82A CH656160A5 (en) 1982-05-18 1982-05-18 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING SINGLE LOADERS IN CABLE WIRE PROCESSES.

Publications (3)

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EP0094453A2 EP0094453A2 (en) 1983-11-23
EP0094453A3 EP0094453A3 (en) 1985-10-16
EP0094453B1 true EP0094453B1 (en) 1987-09-30

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EP82111660A Expired EP0094453B1 (en) 1982-05-18 1982-12-15 Method and apparatus for controlling single wires in a stranding machine

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US (1) US4591995A (en)
EP (1) EP0094453B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58203190A (en)
CA (1) CA1228133A (en)
CH (1) CH656160A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3277420D1 (en)
DK (1) DK158386C (en)
FI (1) FI71958C (en)

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US5781655A (en) * 1995-12-15 1998-07-14 Macmillan Bloedel Limited Strand dimension sensing
GB2353857B (en) * 1999-09-01 2004-02-04 Beta Lasermike Ltd Apparatus and methods of detecting and controlling twists in multicore cables
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CN1886538B (en) * 2003-12-22 2012-05-23 奥蒂斯电梯公司 Assembling technology for elevator tension member
JP6180183B2 (en) * 2013-05-22 2017-08-16 三菱電機株式会社 Method for producing stranded wire and stranded wire device
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Publication number Publication date
DE3277420D1 (en) 1987-11-05
CA1228133A (en) 1987-10-13
DK158386C (en) 1990-10-08
DK220383D0 (en) 1983-05-17
US4591995A (en) 1986-05-27
DK220383A (en) 1983-11-19
EP0094453A3 (en) 1985-10-16
FI71958B (en) 1986-11-28
EP0094453A2 (en) 1983-11-23
FI830720L (en) 1983-11-19
FI830720A0 (en) 1983-03-03
FI71958C (en) 1987-03-09
DK158386B (en) 1990-05-14
JPS58203190A (en) 1983-11-26
JPS6140797B2 (en) 1986-09-11
CH656160A5 (en) 1986-06-13

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