EA014698B1 - Block structure apartment building and apartment building made therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction engineering and can be used in the block structure apartment building construction. It is suggested a bay of an apartment, at least two-storey building, comprising the outside and inside walls, a part of which is made bearing, and the flat floor slabs, wherein the outside and inside walls, placed parallel to transverse axes of the bay full width at a pitch, corresponding to the length of a floor slab taking into account the structural clearances between the slabs, are made bearing, each floor slab being installed supporting on two bearing walls. It is also suggested a block structure apartment building, comprising of at least two bays of the aforesaid structure, which are mounted side by side with formation of a common bearing wall.

Description

The invention relates to the construction, namely, to the block section of a residential at least two-story building, as well as to multi-story (containing at least two floors) residential buildings containing adjacent multi-story blocks, and can be used in the construction of multi-story residential block buildings structure.

Traditionally, one of the areas of the construction industry is the unification of building structures and the creation of modular or block structures to optimize and accelerate construction processes, reduce the volume of construction and installation work at the construction site, etc. Moreover, the use of modular or block structures is known for structures, in particular residential buildings, made of various building materials.

So, in particular, a modular type building is known, which can be used as an administrative or residential building in various industries: in the oil and gas industry, in the construction of linear structures, in agriculture as seasonally inhabited dwellings, etc. [one]. The blocks of such a building are made in the form of containers of fairly light material (for example, wood, etc.) and are intended for production in the factory. Naturally, as blocks of a residential building, such structures are suitable only for temporary, seasonal residence. In addition, from such structures it is impossible to mount even a two-story building.

A residential building is also known in which at least four residential blocks are located in at least two residential levels and in which the residential block is made in the form of static modular or sectional building elements equipped with windows and doors [2]. Such blocks are made, as a rule, in the factory and at the construction site are mounted in buildings of the project area and number of storeys. The use of such blocks in construction is associated with significant transportation costs for the delivery of blocks from the place of manufacture to the place of construction of the building and with the need for load-lifting mechanisms of high power to deliver the blocks directly to the installation site.

The closest in combination of essential features to the claimed block section of the residential building and the residential building of the block structure is the block section of the large-panel residential building with load-bearing external and internal walls and flat floor slabs, in which load-bearing internal walls are installed along the middle longitudinal axis as inter-apartment walls and along the transverse axes as the intersection walls of the stairwell and the elevator hall [3]. The presence of a large number of load-bearing walls oriented in different directions significantly complicates the construction of the block block of the building and significantly reduces the possibility of redevelopment of the interior, which is not always acceptable for the construction of low-rise low-rise buildings, in particular in small towns. So, in particular, if a standard residential block (or part of it) is designed, for example, to accommodate two two-room apartments, and it is necessary to place one and three-room apartments on this area, then the presence of internal supporting inter-apartment walls will not allow for the necessary redevelopment.

Thus, the object of the invention is to develop the design of the block section of the residential at least two-story building and the residential building of the block structure, which, with an increase in the strength characteristics (allowable load on the bearing walls), would provide the possibility of simple, easy and safe, from the point of view of preservation strength characteristics, redevelopment of the internal premises of the residential block, not only within the framework of one apartment, but also between apartments. Such a redevelopment should, in turn, ensure the possibility of independent floor and apartment planning of the building at the stage of the already constructed building (external walls, external and internal load-bearing walls, floors, roof) without internal interroom walls and interior partitions. The inventive block section of a residential building and a residential building of a block structure should also ensure a reduction in the consumption of building materials, in particular, on the construction of load-bearing walls.

The problem is solved by the claimed block section of a residential at least two-story building, including external and internal walls, some of which are made of load-bearing, and flat slabs, due to the fact that the load-bearing is made of external and internal walls parallel to the transverse axes of the block section over the entire width in increments corresponding to the length of the floor slab, taking into account structural gaps between the slabs, with each slab installed with support on two load-bearing walls.

The proposed design allows you to take into account the structural dimensions of building elements, in particular, floor slabs, and choose, depending on the length of the floor slabs, the spacing of the bearing walls in a fairly wide range (3 m, 3.6 m, etc.).

This design of the block section of a residential building also allows you to optimize both construction and installation work during the construction of the building, and provides the ability to easily and easily laborious redevelopment of the interior of the building without compromising its strength characteristics. In addition, the proposed arrangement of load-bearing walls allows, while reducing the consumption of materials for their construction (by eliminating longitudinally oriented external and internal load-bearing walls from the structure), to maintain the strength characteristics of the building as a whole at the required level.

In preferred embodiments of the claimed block section of a residential building, load-bearing walls

- 1 014698 is made of a thickness of 180-250 mm, preferably of structural concrete, the inner interroom walls are made of a thickness of 300 mm, preferably of gas-silicate blocks, and the intra-apartment walls are made in the form of partitions 60-120 mm thick, preferably of gas-silicate blocks, solid brick or plasterboard partition systems .

In those forms of implementation of the inventive block section of a residential building that contains loggias, the bearing walls of the loggias are made as a continuation of the bearing internal and, if necessary, external walls.

It is preferable to make the outer walls insulated in accordance with current standards for thermal resistance of building envelopes.

The problem is also solved by a residential building of a block structure, consisting of at least two of the above-described block sections, installed close to each other with the formation of a common load-bearing wall.

In this case, the block sections of such a residential building can have the same or different number of storeys.

Moreover, in some preferred forms of implementation, non-bearing inter-apartment and intra-apartment walls on different floors can be located in different vertical planes.

Other advantages and advantages of the claimed block section of the residential building and the residential building of the block structure will be discussed below on the examples of some possible preferred, but not limiting forms of execution with reference to the position of the drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the claimed block section of a residential building, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the inventive residential building of a block structure in one of the preferred forms of implementation, FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the inventive residential building of a block structure in another preferred embodiment.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the claimed block section of a residential building at ground floor level. The block section 1 of the residential building contains external load-bearing walls 2, internal load-bearing walls 3, external load-bearing walls 4 and internal load-bearing walls for various functional purposes. The dotted line and texture in FIG. 1, for example, several flat slabs 5 of floors are indicated, each of which is supported by two load-bearing walls 3. External 2 and internal 3 load-bearing walls are parallel to the transverse axis 6 of the block section 1 over the entire width of the block section 1 with a pitch H equal to the length of the slab 5, taking into account the structural gaps 7 between the plates 5. The outer 2 and inner 3 load-bearing walls are made, for example, of structural concrete. Internal interroom walls 8 are made, for example, of gas silicate blocks. The apartment walls are made in the form of partitions 9, for example, of lightweight drywall partition systems. The block section 1 also contains loggias 10, and the bearing walls 11 of the loggias 10 are made as a continuation of the bearing internal walls 3. The outer walls 2 and 4 are made insulated. Due to the obviousness for specialists in this field of possible forms of implementation of insulation of the outer walls 2 and 4, it is not shown in detail in the drawings and will not be considered in the framework of the present description.

In FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the inventive residential building of a block structure in one of the preferred forms of implementation, comprising two block sections 1 of a residential building located end-to-end along the outer walls with the formation of a common load-bearing wall 12. In FIG. 2 shows the block section of the residential building shown in FIG. one.

In FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the inventive residential building of the block structure in another preferred embodiment, comprising three block sections 13, 14, 15 of the residential building located end-to-end along the outer load-bearing walls 2. In the example embodiment shown in the drawing, the implementation of the block sections 13, 14, 15 of the residential building have different floors: for example, 13 and 15 are three-story and 14 are four-story. In the General case, the choice of storeys of the block sections (including different or the same for all block sections) can be carried out by a person skilled in the art in any suitable way. Also, for example, in block section 15, non-load-bearing inter-apartment and intra-apartment walls 16 on the first and second and third floors are arranged in such a way that their central longitudinal axes 17 lie in different vertical planes.

The inventive block section of a residential building is being constructed and operates as follows.

In accordance with the project, and also taking into account the suitable size of the slabs, 5 floors of structural concrete with a pitch of H (or 1/2 N) and parallel to the entire design width of the block section 1 (in accordance with the number of block sections of a residential building), erect parallel 2 and internal 3 load-bearing walls. In places where loggias 10 are provided for in the project, the length of the load-bearing walls (internal 3 and, if necessary, external 2) is increased to the depth of the loggias 10 and the load-bearing walls 11 of the loggias 10 are erected along with the load-bearing walls 3 and, if necessary, 2. External non-load-bearing walls 4 (located in the longitudinal direction) are erected, for example, from building blocks of any suitable material. Interfloor floors are erected between floors using floor slabs 5, laying each slab 5 with support on two load-bearing walls (internal 3 or external 2 and internal

- 2 014698

3). A roof is being erected over the top floor.

Moreover, in accordance with the project, either two block sections 1 of a residential building of a design number of floors with the formation of a common load-bearing wall 12 are erected, or three or more block sections 13, 14, 15, etc. design number of floors, placing their external load-bearing walls 2 end-to-end with the formation of a deformation seam between them (not shown in the drawings).

External walls (bearing 2, with the exception of joints between adjacent blocks, and non-bearing 4) of a block-block residential building are thermally insulated in accordance with applicable standards and using appropriate materials and technologies available to those skilled in the art. In principle, further work on the planning of the internal space of an erected residential building of a block structure can be carried out by agreement with the owner of the building, taking into account the need for apartments of various sizes (different numbers of rooms) and / or with future owners of apartments, taking into account their wishes for the planning of premises in the apartment.

Non-bearing internal walls (inter-apartment walls 8 of gas silicate blocks and intra-apartment walls 9 of lightweight drywall partition systems) are being constructed in accordance with the plan and / or taking into account the above-mentioned agreements with the owners. Moreover, internal curtain walls and partitions on different floors of even one block section of a residential building can be located in such a way that their longitudinal axes 17 lie in different vertical planes.

A multi-story residential building of a block structure, taking into account the claimed features of its design, is more technologically advanced, simple and less labor-intensive and material-intensive in its construction. The claimed design of the block section of the residential building and the residential building of the block structure can reduce the construction time of such multi-story buildings compared to buildings of the same area and number of storeys, but other structures by an average of 10%. At the same time, during operation, the building has comparable strength indicators, in particular, due to the formation of stiffeners evenly distributed over the entire area of the building in the form of parallel supporting external and internal walls, parallel to the transverse axes along the entire width of the building, which, in addition, are connected in pairs by plates floors, as well as stiffeners located along the longitudinal walls, which provides a more uniform load distribution on them. The implementation of internal non-bearing walls and partitions of lighter material and a smaller thickness also reduces the material consumption of the building and the basic load on the supporting structures. At the same time, modern heat and sound insulating materials, despite the small thickness of walls and partitions, will ensure a high level of heat and sound insulation between individual rooms and, therefore, a high level of comfort in the building of the claimed design.

Another advantage of the claimed block of a residential building and the claimed residential building of a block structure is the possibility of quick, simple and safe from the point of view of maintaining the load-bearing structures of the transfer of interior and interroom walls and partitions. Due to the design of the internal curtain walls and partitions and the materials from which they were erected, they can be easily dismantled, independently on different floors and in different parts of the block section and / or block sections, and constructed according to the same technology using the same or similar materials in other places with a change in the area of individual apartments, the number of rooms and / or area within one apartment, etc.

Information sources

1. Patent VI No. 2203368 C2, publ. 04/27/2003.

2. Application EP No. 0467191 A1, publ. 01/22/1992.

3. Patent No. 1425 and publ. 06/30/2004.

Claims (9)

1. The block section of the residential at least two-story building, including external and internal walls, some of which are made of bearing, and flat floor slabs, characterized in that the supporting made of external and internal walls, parallel to the transverse axes of the block section the entire width in increments corresponding to the length of the floor slab, taking into account the structural clearances between the slabs, with each slab installed with support on two load-bearing walls. 2. The block section according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting walls are made of a thickness of 180-250 mm, preferably of structural concrete. 3. The block section according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner interroom walls are made of a thickness of 300 mm, preferably from gas silicate blocks. 4. The block section according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner walls are made in the form of partitions with a thickness of 60-120 mm, preferably of gas silicate blocks, solid brick or plasterboard partition systems. 5. The block section according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains a loggia, and the bearing walls of the loggias are made as a continuation of the bearing internal and, if necessary, external walls. - 3 014698 6. The block section according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer walls are insulated. 7. A residential building of a block structure, consisting of at least two block sections according to claims 1-6, installed close to each other with the formation of a common load-bearing wall. 8. The building according to claim 7, characterized in that the block sections have different number of storeys. 9. The building according to any one of paragraphs.7 or 8, characterized in that the non-bearing inter-apartment and intra-apartment walls on different floors are located in different vertical planes.