DE9013471U1 - Base board, especially for the manufacture of concrete products - Google Patents

Description

, ··· I It·· ·■«· i

Description

The invention relates to a base board, as is used in particular in the concrete industry in the manufacture of concrete products.

During the manufacture of concrete products (composite blocks, slabs, bricks, etc.) according to Figures 1 and 2 , an empty concrete block 20 taken from a board storage 30 is introduced into a molding machine 10 which has a raising and lowering mold 11 and a pressing stamp 12 with stamping plate 13. The base board 20 is pushed underneath the mold 11 onto a vibrating table 14 which can be set into vibration by an eccentric 15 or the like. After the base board 20 has been pushed in, the mold 11 is lowered onto the board 20 and filled from above with a mixture of concrete and sand. The mixture that is filled in is compacted by the pressure of the press ram 12 lowered from above and the vibrations of the vibrating table 14. Then the press ram 12 and the mold 11 are raised and the board 20 with the molding lying on it is pushed out of the molding machine 10 onto transport rails 40. From the transport rails 40, the board 20 and the molding are transferred, if necessary via a stacking trolley 50, to a drying room 60 where the molding hardens. In a removal station 70, the hardened molding is

35

• ■ · &igr;&igr; ·

as a finished concrete product. ?.f) removed from the base board 20, which is fed to the board storage 30 for drying.

Instead of in a stacker 50 on its rails

the base boards 20 can also be stacked directly on top of each other if they are provided with stacking feet on their underside, the mutual distance between which is chosen to be sufficiently large so that the molding on the board 20 stacked underneath can be placed between the

Stacking feet of the dai-over stacked board 20 fits.

Since the loaded support board 20 rests only on two edge areas on the rails 40, the rails of the stacking trolley 40, the shelf rails of the drying room 60 or on its stacking feet, the bending stiffness of the support board must be taken into account. 20 high demands are placed on it even during long-term storage and if drying heat is added. If the base 20 is not completely flat, hairline cracks will develop when the solidified concrete-sand mixture hardens, which will damage the finished product. render the product unusable.

In order to meet the above requirements for the bending stiffness of the base board 20, solid wood boards _t composed of planks have been used up to now. pulled together with gate steel and protected at the front with metal profiles. The types of wood used are spruce, larch or tropical hardwood with dimensions of, for example, 1400 mm x 900 mm x 50 mm, whereby these dimensions vary depending on the requirements regarding

the surface and the thickness depends on the type of wood used (soft or hard wood). Due to their composition, 8US single planks have wooden base boards on the

<> .1 -. &eegr; _ j Il _l n_l.i r- .. .. x: . ._ -&igr; _ &igr; j .: _ r» -&igr; _ .ia

JLUlJOtOJlOIl UOl DUIIJ-OM TUlJOII OUi., WCXUIIO UJ-C UXOUU- surface changes occur over time due to inevitable abrasion and climatic influences on the wood material. Furthermore, wooden base boards must be carefully maintained (regularly oiled or sprayed with impregnating agents and regularly turned over to use both surfaces alternately) in order to maintain their usability over a longer period of use of around 2 to around 5 years (depending on the type of wood).

The replacement of the wood material with a plastic

me»*-öT»-ial e/»K«if/»ufe Ka-* &Igr;!»-»4-«&tgr;»'1&bgr;&Lgr;«&EEgr;&tgr;»&bgr;*-4-&Agr ;&id;^&rgr;*&Lgr; H -ie» 1 &bgr;r>&lgr;"tu ww/. xu j. aviiuxvfvx ww ww &khgr;witw««Ax.w*j0hSAw«s\sw*'tw j. \j &khgr; u ii vj that the plastics considered for high loads are would be more expensive than wood. The increasing public criticism of the deforestation of tropical rainforests, however, makes the use of tropical hardwoods an environmental problem that cannot be solved by using spruce and larch alone, since softwood can only be used up to a certain load.

The object of the invention is to create a base board which, with the highest load capacity and minimal wear, provides a uniform

I · I

I · I

has a permanently smooth, maintenance-free surface without being significantly more expensive than conventional wooden underlayment boards .

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Advantageous?» Embodiments and further developments of the base board according to the invention result from the subclaims.

The inventive base board is made of recycled

Plastic material is manufactured in one piece, optionally with the formation of stacking feet. There are no butt joints and other changes to the flat surface, as occur with wooden base boards. Furthermore, there is no maintenance required and it is easy to maintain. The wear resistance of the recycled plastic material is considerably greater than that of wooden material, which results in a significantly longer service life of the base board according to the invention compared to a wooden board. The recycling of plastic waste and the replacement of tropical hardwoods makes the base board according to the invention particularly environmentally friendly . By using plastic waste as the starting material, the production costs of the base board according to the invention are comparable to those of a wooden board, if not even lower. The base board according to the invention has proven itself in tests due to the advantages described.

&iacgr; - 7 -

B The invention is explained in more detail below using the embodiments shown in the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a production plant for concrete interlocking blocks and slabs;

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a molding machine provided in the system according to Fig. 1 for the production of concrete composite blocks and slabs, and

Fig. 3a - 3d perspective cross sections through

four different embodiments of a base board according to the invention, the i _r of the production plant according to Fig.

used and in particular inserted into the molding machine according to Fig. 2.

The production plant according to Fig. 1 and the molding machine 10 according to Fig. 2 have already been described above

explained in the introduction. According to the invention, the embodiments shown in Figs. 3a to 3d are suitable for the base board 20 used there.

provided. 30

The base board 20a illustrated in Fig. 3a consists of a prism-shaped board body, which is essentially made of contaminated plastic waste (recycled plastic). The art-35

t · ·
&bull; f «

B Waste materials contain a high proportion of thermoplastics, which are melted and homogenized by the frictional heat when the waste is fed into an extruder, in particular a roller extruder with a feed, compression and metering zone in accordance with DE-PS 23 32 o03. The non-meltable portion of the plastic waste fed in shredded form is further shredded or ground in the extruder and is incorporated into the thermoplastic melt in the form of granules. The plastic melt emerging from the extruder (with the unmelted residual granules embedded in it) is filled into a board mold and left to harden there.

According to the material system for board body production outlined above, plastic waste is recycled which has the following composition:

70 - 90% by weight polyolefins

0-15% by weight polystyrene 0-10% by weight polyvinyl ether:. Residual components from other plastics and dirt.

Although in many cases such a base board made from recycled plastic has sufficient mechanical properties, in particular sufficient bending strength, as indicated in Fig. 3a, the plasticized plastic

A fibrous material in a loose, irregular shape can be added to the mass of material before or during filling into the board mold. The fibers 21 (Fig. 3a) are then distributed randomly across the board cross-section, resulting in a Increase in mechanical strength, especially bending stiffness. However, it is also possible to provide the fibers only in the mechanically highly stressed zones of the board cross-section or to enrich them there in order to achieve even more targeted bending properties of the board 20a. The Concentration of the fibers 21 is to be such that all fibers 21 are embedded in thermoplastic material in order to achieve an effective connection with the thermoplastic material in the sense of increasing the strength to cause.

Instead of or in addition to loose fibers, the fibers can also be embedded in a continuous form, for example in the form of a woven, knitted or fiber mat designated 22 in Fig. 3b, in the plasticized mass for board production. In Fig. 3b, the fiber layer (woven, knitted, mat) 22 is located in the neutral bending zone, i.e. in the center plane, of the base board 20b.

The fibres used in all designs (Fig. 3a

and 3b) glass, textile, natural and synthetic fibers. Wood or sisal fibers are suitable for natural fibers. The length of the fibers should be adjusted to the desired board strength.

In addition to or instead of adding fibres (see Figs. 3a and 3b), the strength of the cross-section can be increased by embedding reinforcing tubes 25 (Fig. 3d) in the concrete body or by casting reinforcing rails 23 (Fig. 3c) onto the concrete body. de longitudinal edges of the board body. In the embodiment according to Fig. 3d, the reinforcing tubes 25 run parallel to the longitudinal edges of the board body, with reinforcing tubes being provided at least in the region of the edge zones of the board body.

In the example shown in Fig. 3d, an additional reinforcement tube 25 is provided in the longitudinal axis of the board body. The number of reinforcement tubes 25 and their diameter depends on the thickness of the board body and the desired Strength properties of the finished base board 2Od. In any case, care should be taken to ensure that the reinforcement tubes 25 are still surrounded by sufficient thermoplastic material to ensure an effective connection between the thermoplastic and the

plastmateri.al and reinforcing tubes to ensure

As material for the reinforcement tubes ■

25, structural steel is preferred, whereby $

the reinforcement tubes 25 are a solid profile or a hollow

profile. In the case of a hollow profile |

the interior of the reinforcement tubes is filled with thermoplastic %

material poured out. 1

In the embodiment according to Fig. 3c, the reinforcing rails 23 provided on the longitudinal edges

&iacgr;

· f · · 11 *

&bull; ·■· . &bgr; « &bgr;

&bull; * · · J-I

a substantially C-shaped profile. For anchoring in the board body, the free edges of the C-profile can be provided with hook-shaped extensions 23a. The reinforcing rails 23 are placed in the casting mold during casting of the board body and hold

¹ ^ cast in so that they come into active connection with the thermoplastic material of the board body and thus achieve a high level of elasticity. The thickness (height) of the board body is selected so that the top and bottom of the finished base board 20c are above the upper and lower sides of the reinforcement rails 23, as shown in Fig. 3c, exaggerated to scale. This projection of the board body ensures that only the art of material surfaces of the base board 20c are effective.

In all embodiments according to Figs. 3a to 3c it is easily possible to make stacking feet 24 (Fig. 3c) in one piece to the underside of the board body or to its top and bottom or to cast the board body accordingly. This eliminates the need to screw on stacking feet, as is necessary with wooden boards. As a result of the one-piece molding, the Stacking feet contribute to a further increase in the mechanical strength of the respective base boards 20a to 20d.

It is of course possible to use the underlay boards according to the invention for other purposes

as for the manufacture of concrete products , for example as ^transport pallets or formwork panels, as they are used in the i,du.

Claims (10)

MKR 10 BASE BOARD, ESPECIALLY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE PRODUCTS Claims 1. Base board, in particular for the manufacture \ of concrete products, such as interlocking stones, characterized in that the sub-, Lag board mainly made of contaminated plastic waste with a proportion of polyolefins
in the range between 70 and 90 wt.%, a proportion of polystyrene in the range between 0 and 15
Gqw.-%, a proportion of polyvinyl chloride in the range between 0 and 10 wt.% and a residual content of \ other plastics and dirt particles
is produced by plasticizing and extruding the thermoplastic-containing plastic component. 2. Base board according to claim 1, characterized in that the board material contains fibrous Material in loose or connected form | is attached. I 3. Base board according to claim 2, characterized in that | k indicates that the fibrous material is glass, %, Wood, textile and/or plastic fibers | can be seen. % I ti·» t * t I * · 4. Underlay board according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the fibrous material is added in the form of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a mat. JO 5. Support board according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that reinforcing tubes or rails are embedded at least in the region of edge zones of the board body. Ig 6. Support board according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the longitudinal edges of the board body are reinforced with reinforcing rails. 7. Support board according to claim 6, characterized in that the height of the reinforcing rails is chosen to be equal to or smaller than the height of the board body. 8. Support board according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the reinforcing rails have a substantially C-shaped profile. 9. Support board according to claim 8, characterized in that at the free ends of the C-shaped gO profile has hook-shaped extensions, which are cast into the board body. 10. Base board according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that stacking feet are formed on the underside of the gg board body or on its upper and lower sides.