DE4320781A1 - Differential thermal conductivity measurement of solid. liquid or gas samples - comparing heat flows of parallel paths containing sample and reference respectively, measured simultaneously by Peltier device - Google Patents
Differential thermal conductivity measurement of solid. liquid or gas samples - comparing heat flows of parallel paths containing sample and reference respectively, measured simultaneously by Peltier deviceInfo
- Publication number
- DE4320781A1 DE4320781A1 DE19934320781 DE4320781A DE4320781A1 DE 4320781 A1 DE4320781 A1 DE 4320781A1 DE 19934320781 DE19934320781 DE 19934320781 DE 4320781 A DE4320781 A DE 4320781A DE 4320781 A1 DE4320781 A1 DE 4320781A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- thermal conductivity
- sample
- solid
- liquid
- heat flows
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/18—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Patentanmeldung betrifft ein Meßgerät, mit dem es möglich ist, den Wärmestrom durch eine Feststoffprobe, Flüssigkeit oder Gas bzw. deren Wärmeleitfähigkeit mittels der Differenz- bzw. Vergleichsmethode zu bestimmen.The patent application relates to a measuring device with which it is possible to flow through the heat a solid sample, liquid or gas or their thermal conductivity using the differential or method of comparison.
Die bislang bekannten Wärmestrom-Meßgeräte bestimmen entweder den Wärmestrom, der über die in Reihe geschaltete Probe und Referenz fließt oder sie messen Absolutwerte. Es sind auch Geräte bekannt, wobei ein kurzer Wärmeimpuls eine Probe aufheizt und der Wärmestrom indirekt gemessen und per Rechenverfahren ausgewertet wird.The heat flow measuring devices known to date either determine the heat flow, the flows over the series-connected sample and reference or they measure absolute values. Devices are also known in which a short heat pulse heats up a sample and the Heat flow is measured indirectly and evaluated using a calculation method.
Die folgenden Patentschriften können dagegen sprechen:The following patents can speak against:
P 19 50 354.9 (G01 N 25/18)
P 36 38 483.6-52 (G01 N 25/18)
WO 79/00911 bzw. PCT/US79/00220 (G01 N 25/18).P 19 50 354.9 (G01 N 25/18)
P 36 38 483.6-52 (G01 N 25/18)
WO 79/00911 and PCT / US79 / 00220 (G01 N 25/18).
Das Gerät ist als Differenzmeßgerät gebaut. Proben- und Referenzseite sind gleich gestaltet. Unter einem beheizbaren Block ist ein Sensor, vorzugsweise ein Peltier-Element, befestigt. Unter dem Peltier-Element ist die Probe oder die Referenz. Wiederum darunter ist ein zweiter, für Proben- und Referenzseite gemeinsamer, beheizbarer Block. Alle drei Blöcke werden geregelt beheizt. Wenn die oberen Blöcke der Proben- und Referenzseite wärmer sind, als der untere, gemeinsame Block, so fließt ein Wärmestrom von den oberen Blöcken zum unteren Block. Haben Probe und Referenz die gleiche Fläche, Dicke und Wärmeleitfähigkeit, so wird an beiden Peltier-Elementen die gleiche Spannung erzeugt. Besteht ein Unterschied in der Wärmeleitfähigkeit, so ist auch die, von den Peltier-Elementen erzeugte Spannung, unterschiedlich. Wegen des Differenz-Prinzips können mehrere Größenordnungen an Wärmeleitfähigkeit gemessen werden. Als Referenz wird man normalerweise ein Material verwenden, dessen Wärmeleitfähigkeit bekannt ist. Man wird z. B. drei Materialien verwenden, die unterschiedliche Wärmeleitfähigkeit haben, um eine Eichkurve zu erhalten. Bekanntes Referenzmaterial ist nicht notwendig, wenn z. B. nur ermittelt werden soll, ob eine Probe besser oder schlechter leitet als die Referenz. Um eine definierte Auflagekraft auf Probe und Referenz zu bekommen, können Gewichte auf die oberen Blöcke gebracht werden. Die Auflagekraft kann mit Hilfe einer, z. B. justierbaren Spiralfeder, auf null Newton eingestellt werden. Probe und Referenz können aus festen Materialien bestehen, sie können aber auch als spezielle Küvetten für Flüssigkeiten und Gase ausgebildet sein. Messungen können bei konstanten Temperaturdifferenzen sowie bei veränderbaren Temperaturdifferenzen erfolgen. The device is built as a differential measuring device. The sample and reference page have the same design. A sensor, preferably a Peltier element, is attached under a heatable block. The sample or reference is under the Peltier element. Again there is a second, heatable one for the sample and reference side Block. All three blocks are heated in a controlled manner. If the top blocks of the sample and reference side are warmer than the bottom, common block, so a heat flow flows from the upper blocks to the lower block. If the sample and reference have the same area, thickness and thermal conductivity, then both Peltier elements generate the same voltage. If there is a difference in the thermal conductivity, this is also the case with the Peltier elements generated voltage, different. Because of the difference principle, several orders of magnitude of thermal conductivity be measured. As a reference one will normally use a material whose thermal conductivity is known. One is z. B. use three materials that have different thermal conductivity have to get a calibration curve. Known reference material is not necessary if e.g. B. should only be determined whether a Sample performs better or worse than the reference. In order to get a defined contact force on sample and reference, weights can be applied the top blocks are brought. The contact force can be measured using a, e.g. B. adjustable coil spring, to zero Newtons can be set. Sample and reference can be made of solid materials, but they can also be special Cuvettes designed for liquids and gases. Measurements can be made at constant temperature differences as well as at changeable ones Differences in temperature occur.
Die Auswertung erfolgt nach folgender Formel:The evaluation is based on the following formula:
= L/d * A * dT= L / d * A * dT
bei Gleichheit von Proben- und Referenz-Fläche gilt:if the sample and reference surfaces are identical:
p = Lp/dp * A *dTp = Lp / dp * A * dT
r = Lr/dr * A * dTr = Lr / dr * A * dT
Lp/dp = Lr/dr+((p-r)/A) * dTLp / dp = Lr / dr + ((pr) / A) * dT
d = p-r = A * dT * (Lp/dp-Lr/dr)d = pr = A * dT * (Lp / dp-Lr / dr)
d wird über den Sensor ermittelt;d is determined via the sensor;
L Wärmeleitfähigkeit
Lp der Probe
Lr der Referenz
A durchströmte Fläche
dT Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Probenober- und Probenunterseite
d Dicke
dp der Probe
dr der Referenz
Wärmestrom
p durch die Probe
r durch die Referenz
d DifferenzwärmestromL thermal conductivity
Lp of the sample
Lr the reference
A area flowed through
dT temperature difference between top and bottom of sample d thickness
dp of the sample
dr the reference
Heat flow
p through the sample
r through the reference
d differential heat flow
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934320781 DE4320781A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 | 1993-06-23 | Differential thermal conductivity measurement of solid. liquid or gas samples - comparing heat flows of parallel paths containing sample and reference respectively, measured simultaneously by Peltier device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934320781 DE4320781A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 | 1993-06-23 | Differential thermal conductivity measurement of solid. liquid or gas samples - comparing heat flows of parallel paths containing sample and reference respectively, measured simultaneously by Peltier device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4320781A1 true DE4320781A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
Family
ID=6490979
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934320781 Withdrawn DE4320781A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 | 1993-06-23 | Differential thermal conductivity measurement of solid. liquid or gas samples - comparing heat flows of parallel paths containing sample and reference respectively, measured simultaneously by Peltier device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE4320781A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10355126A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-06-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and device for measuring the heat released in chemical or physical reactions |
WO2011060768A1 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH | System and method for thermal analysis |
CZ302897B6 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-01-11 | Technická univerzita v Liberci | Method of and device for measuring heat conductivity |
WO2012103601A1 (en) * | 2011-02-03 | 2012-08-09 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Differential adiabatic scanning calorimeter |
CN102735707A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-17 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Test unit and measurement method thereof |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3257840A (en) * | 1964-12-17 | 1966-06-28 | Kenneth G Skinner | Apparatus for comparative determination of thermal conductivity |
US3733887A (en) * | 1972-01-31 | 1973-05-22 | Borg Warner | Method and apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity and thermo-electric properties of solid materials |
SU972359A1 (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1982-11-07 | Государственный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Нефтяной И Газовой Промышленности Им.В.И.Муравленко "Гипротюменьнефтегаз" | Thermal conductivity determination method |
DE3338991A1 (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1984-05-03 | Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corp., Tokyo | HEAT CONDUCTIVITY METER |
CH654926A5 (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1986-03-14 | Unisearch Ltd | METHOD AND THERMOELECTRIC COMPARATOR FOR IDENTIFYING A MATERIAL. |
DE3517240A1 (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-11-13 | Leybold-Heraeus GmbH, 5000 Köln | Appliance for carrying out measurements on gases by means of at least one measuring cell responding to gas flows |
SU1638571A1 (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1991-03-30 | Отделение Института химической физики АН СССР | Differential calorimeter |
SU1681216A1 (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1991-09-30 | Львовский политехнический институт им.Ленинского комсомола | Method of measuring heat conduction |
US5052819A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-10-01 | Baratta Francis I | Method of and apparatus for nondestructively determining the composition of an unknown material sample |
DE9109034U1 (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1992-08-27 | Siemens AG, 8000 München | Device for analyzing gases using the thermal conductivity method |
-
1993
- 1993-06-23 DE DE19934320781 patent/DE4320781A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3257840A (en) * | 1964-12-17 | 1966-06-28 | Kenneth G Skinner | Apparatus for comparative determination of thermal conductivity |
US3733887A (en) * | 1972-01-31 | 1973-05-22 | Borg Warner | Method and apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity and thermo-electric properties of solid materials |
CH654926A5 (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1986-03-14 | Unisearch Ltd | METHOD AND THERMOELECTRIC COMPARATOR FOR IDENTIFYING A MATERIAL. |
SU972359A1 (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1982-11-07 | Государственный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Нефтяной И Газовой Промышленности Им.В.И.Муравленко "Гипротюменьнефтегаз" | Thermal conductivity determination method |
DE3338991A1 (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1984-05-03 | Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corp., Tokyo | HEAT CONDUCTIVITY METER |
US4594879A (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1986-06-17 | Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corporation | Thermal conductivity detector |
DE3517240A1 (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-11-13 | Leybold-Heraeus GmbH, 5000 Köln | Appliance for carrying out measurements on gases by means of at least one measuring cell responding to gas flows |
SU1638571A1 (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1991-03-30 | Отделение Института химической физики АН СССР | Differential calorimeter |
SU1681216A1 (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1991-09-30 | Львовский политехнический институт им.Ленинского комсомола | Method of measuring heat conduction |
US5052819A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-10-01 | Baratta Francis I | Method of and apparatus for nondestructively determining the composition of an unknown material sample |
DE9109034U1 (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1992-08-27 | Siemens AG, 8000 München | Device for analyzing gases using the thermal conductivity method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
ACKERMANN, Th.: Ein empfindliches adiabatisches Differenzkalorimeter zur Unter- suchung kooperativer Strukturumwandlungen in Lö- sungen. In: Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie Neue Folge, 1974, Bd.93, S.255-264 * |
GRUBERT, M. * |
ROSE, S.J.: A scanning calorimeter for thermal analysis of biological materials. In: Journal of Physics E, May 1975, Vol.8, No.5, S.377-378 * |
SMITH, M.B. * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10355126A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-06-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and device for measuring the heat released in chemical or physical reactions |
WO2011060768A1 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH | System and method for thermal analysis |
US20120250723A1 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2012-10-04 | Juergen Blumm | System And Method For Thermal Analysis |
CZ302897B6 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-01-11 | Technická univerzita v Liberci | Method of and device for measuring heat conductivity |
WO2012103601A1 (en) * | 2011-02-03 | 2012-08-09 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Differential adiabatic scanning calorimeter |
CN102735707A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-17 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Test unit and measurement method thereof |
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8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licenses declared | ||
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