DE4300990C2 - Device for loading kilns - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for Charging kilns with kiln furniture that the Good to be burned in at least two levels one above the other record on contact surfaces, and to burn with it goods can be placed on a transport unit that at least one kiln furniture with the one to be burned Well transferred to the kiln.

Currently become kiln furniture with several editions areas also known as "setters", and  for example from levels of sintered ceramic plates and in addition lying support parts can exist, mostly from Load your hand with the material to be burned.

There are several suggestions for the automated Loading of devices for loading kilns become known, these known proposals are ever either not for loading setters is suitable or they are comparatively complex and therefore expensive:

So from DE-OS 23 17 679 a device for Stacking of tiles, tiles or the like on a shelf known surface, which has a gripping device, the Movable and height-adjustable in the X and Y axes and is rotatable. Such a gripping device is for loading kiln furniture with several However, contact surfaces are only suitable to a limited extent.

Furthermore, DE-OS 27 38 681 is a device for loading or emptying stacks of fuel capsules known in which the material to be burned over a height moving assembly line fed to a collecting device becomes. What is to be burned becomes from the collecting device Hand it over well to an auxiliary cassette and from this to the Feeding the fuel capsule stack. This increases not only the loading time, but it also creates a comparatively high material and cost.

DE 34 31 745 A1 describes a device for loading sending kilns with capsules in which the Firing material is located and the capsule stack together are known. This device has grippers for transferring one capsule each with burned goods  from one in the capsule stack to a final stacking station a starting station of a capsule conveyor for further convey the burned good to a removal station to Transfer of burned goods from a feed station an empty capsule in a terminus of the capsule derers and to relocate the newly filled capsule a capsule stack at a stacking station. All the six stations mentioned are all around Axis of rotation arranged around which all grippers can be rotated are. The described in DE 34 31 745 A1 direction uses grippers to transfer capsules, whereby the entire device is elaborately designed and is to be handled. In addition, grippers have the after partly that they are easily prone to failure.

DE 37 26 450 C1 describes a device for loading loading of fuel capsules with ceramic material or for Unloading the ceramic goods from the firing capsules known. The device has a turnstile, which with gripping heads arranged on arms with suction heads and Gripping arms is provided for gripping the kerami good or the fuel capsules are provided. A first conveyor of the device is used for Transport of the ceramic goods. A second sponsorship direction is provided for the transport of the fuel capsules. A third conveyor is used to transport the with ceramic capsules well equipped. On the Conveyors are the fuel capsules into columns stacked on top of each other. The second and third sponsorship Direction side by side aligned in parallel grid-shaped webs of constant division. The Burning capsules rest on the bridges. The first and second Lifting devices have juxtaposed parallel Fingers open, the division of which corresponds to the division of webs.  

This device, which from DE 37 26 450 C1 is known, is complex and complicated and the use of gripping heads with suction heads and Gripping arms only make the entire device unnecessary more complicated and more prone to failure.

The invention has for its object a Direction for loading kilns with kiln aids means that are designed in particular as "setters" can specify where the kiln furniture automa quickly, easily and without complications can be loaded to burning goods.

An inventive solution to this problem is in Claim 1 specified. Further training of the Er invention are the subject of the subclaims.

The device according to the invention has for loading and Unloading the kiln furniture on a circulation unit, which has at least two kiln furniture, and this at least one loading station and / or to an unloading station. This circulation unit can For example, be a overhead conveyor working in the "square". However, it is particularly preferred if the circulation unit has a turntable on which seats for the kiln furniture is provided, and the the Kiln furniture in the various stations leads.

According to claims 2 to 4, the circulation unit can in addition to the loading station and the unloading station a transfer station in which the transfer unit to be Loading or unloading kiln furniture between  Realizes transport unit and circulation unit, a change selstation in which a change of the kiln furniture can take place and / or at least one buffer station exhibit.

Furthermore, the device according to the invention has little least one, but preferably both according to claim 6 in the loading station as well as the unloading station because a slider. The slide in the loading charging station pushes the material to be burned from one Feed unit on a support surface, the in the Be Charging station located firing aid. During the In the unloading station the contact surface of the in the unloading station kiln to a takeover unit pushes.

To implement the kiln furniture between the Trans port unit, which can be a kiln car, for example, and the Revolving unit is provided a conversion unit that in particular an at least biaxial handling can have poor (claim 13). It is preferred however, if the conversion unit according to claim 14 is a Portal unit for the kiln car or the like and one to the Portal slidably disposed gripper arm a handling tool, e.g. a collet (An Proverb 15) for the kiln furniture.

By the further specified in claims 7ff Formations according to those in the loading station and / or Unloading station transfer or takeover units pre are seen in which the material to be burned in several Levels, the number of which is the number of levels of kiln furniture by means of is stacked one on top of the other  Cycle time of the device according to the invention he further increases. In this training, the slide for each level has a thrust element so that the entire in existing goods of the transfer unit or transfer unit in one push-out operation, d. H. in one measure can be transferred.

Advantageous embodiments of the transfer or transfer Unit of acceptance are given in claims 9 to 11.

The device according to the invention preferably has as feed and transfer units conveyor belts that the goods from upstream processing stations in the device or from the device in nachge switched processing stations, such as Transfer grinding stations.

The invention is hereinafter without limitation general inventive concept based on execution examples with reference to the drawing exempla risch described on the rest of the Revelation of all not explained in the text explicitly referenced details becomes. Show it:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an inventive direction ago,

Fig. 2 is a side view of a transfer unit with a transport unit,

Fig. 3 shows the formation of a loading station, and

Fig. 4 shows the formation of an unloading station.

Figs. 1 and 2 show a mapping unit 8 and designed as a turntable circulation unit 26. To set unit 8 is preferably placed on a portal 2 , which spans a guide 4 of the furnace track, on the kiln car 6 cover a predetermined path through a furnace, not shown. The kiln cars 6 run in cyclical operation and remain in the position shown by corresponding control elements. Furthermore, the transfer unit has a multi-axis handling arm (which is movable along a guide 10 , which in turn is movable on the portal). The handling arm is thus movable in the horizontal plane and, moreover, can be angled and rotated due to its multi-axis design. A series of servomotors 20 , 19 and 28 are provided for moving the handling arm. At its end, the handling arm carries a pair of pliers 12 which can be actuated via a piston-cylinder unit 13 in such a way that they can clamp the kiln furniture plates 14 and their supporting parts 16 together. This makes it possible for the handling arm to be able to lift the firing aid plates 14 together with supporting parts 16 , the material 18 to be burned - in the embodiment shown in the embodiment of the plate - lying loosely on the plates 14 . The handling arm is brought on the running rails 22 to a transfer position 24 on the rotating unit designed as a rotary table 26 . If the position of the kiln furniture or the setter differs, this can be compensated for by a corresponding rotation of the handling arm.

The turntable 26 is provided with five stations, each offset by 72 °, namely a transfer station 24 , an unloading station 30 , a changing station 32 , a loading station 34 and a buffer station 36 . If there is a setter or a kiln aid in the final loading station 30 , an ejection device 54 presses the material to be burned, that is, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the plates are placed on a takeover unit 40 from which they are individually placed on a conveyor belt 42 . The conveyor belt transfers the plates to a downstream processing device, for example for processing the feet on a grinding device, not shown.

Furthermore, a conveyor belt 44 is also provided at the loading station 34 which bpsw the material to be burned, that is to say the plates in the exemplary embodiment shown. trans ported from a glazing station to the transfer unit 46 .

FIGS. 3 and 4 show the transfer unit 46 and the transfer unit 40 in detail and in particular the interaction with the turntable 26. The plate 48 on the turntable is connected to a drive in the base 50 by a manual transmission. The non-rotating attachment 52 carries the extension device 54 with its piston-cylinder unit 56 and the two guides 58 , 58 '. The end of the piston rod is connected by a connecting element with seven thrust plates with a spread U-shape. When the piston rod extends, the slides 60 , which are provided with thrust plates, push the plates out of the setter and push them onto the slotted stacking tongues 62 of the magazine-type takeover unit 40 . For this purpose, the take-over unit 40 , which can be raised and lowered on vertical guides 64 , in particular its horizontally movable stacking tongues, has assumed a transfer position in which the stacking tongues 62 abut the lower edge region of the kiln furniture 14 .

Claims (15)

1. Device for loading kilns, with kiln furniture ( 14 , 16 ), which take up the material to be burned ( 18 ) in at least two planes one above the other on bearing surfaces and which can be placed on a transport unit with the material to be burned ( 18 ) at least one firing aid ( 14 , 16 ) with which the material ( 18 ) to be fired is transferred to the firing furnace, with the following features:

• - For loading and / or unloading the kiln furniture ( 14 , 16 ), a circulation unit ( 26 ) is provided which receives at least two kiln furniture ( 14 , 16 ) and feeds it to at least one loading station ( 34 ) and / or one unloading station ( 30 ) ,
• - At least one slide ( 60 ) is provided, which in the loading station ( 34 ) transfers the material ( 18 ) to be burned from a feed unit ( 44 ) to a support surface of the firing aid ( 14 , 16 ) and / which is located in the loading station ( 34 ). or in the unloading station ( 30 ) pushes the fired good from the support surface of the kiln furniture onto a take-over unit ( 40 , 62 ),
• - A conversion unit ( 8 ) implements the kiln furniture ( 14 , 16 ) between the transport unit and the order running unit ( 26 ).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the circulation unit ( 26 ) additionally has at least one transfer station ( 24 ) in which the conversion unit ( 8 ) to be loaded or unloaded kiln furniture ( 14 , 16 ) between the transport unit and the circulation unit ( 26 ) implements. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the circulation unit ( 26 ) has at least one change station ( 32 ) in which a change of the kiln furniture ( 14 , 16 ) can take place. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the circulation unit ( 26 ) has at least one buffer station ( 36 ). 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the circulation unit ( 26 ) is designed as a turntable on which the places for firing aids are provided, and which the firing aids ( 14 , 16 ) transfers to the different stations. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the loading station ( 34 ) and the unloading station ( 30 ) each have a slide ( 60 ). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the loading station ( 34 ) has a transfer unit ( 46 ) in which the material to be burned ( 18 ) in several levels, the number of the number of levels of the kiln furniture ( 14th , 16 ) corresponds to one another, is stacked ge, and that the slide ( 60 ) has a thrust element for each level, so that the entire stacked in the transfer unit ( 46 ) can be transferred in one ejection process into the respective kiln furniture. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the unloading station ( 30 ) has a transfer unit ( 40 ) with several levels, the number of which corresponds to the number of levels of the kiln furniture, and
that the slide ( 60 ) has a thrust element for each level, so that the burned material can be transferred from the kiln furniture into the take-over unit ( 40 ) in one push-out operation. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the transfer unit ( 46 ) and the takeover unit ( 40 ) have forked receiving compartments and are movable in the direction perpendicular to the extent of the receiving plane so that the goods can be picked up by the transport unit or is settable on the transport unit. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the transfer unit ( 46 ) and the takeover unit ( 40 ) are attached to vertical guides ( 64 ) which enable a clock feed. 11. The device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the slide ( 60 ) has at least one U-shaped thrust element which engages around the material to be transferred. 12. The device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the feed unit ( 44 ) and a transfer unit ( 42 ) are conveyor belts which the material from upstream processing stations in the circulation unit ( 26 ) or from the circulation unit ( 26 ) in downstream Transfer machining stations. 13. The device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the conversion unit ( 8 ) has an at least biaxial handling arm. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the conversion unit ( 8 ) on a portal unit ( 2 ) for a kiln car ( 6 ) is introduced and has a gripping arm arranged displaceably on the portal, which carries a handling tool for the kiln furniture. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the handling tool is a collet.